Energizing Water through Static Storage:

Integrated Research and Development of

Storage Containers

Johansson Ba,* and Capjon Jb

Submitted: March 14, 2023

a
Akloma Bioscience AB, Medeon Science Park, 212 05 Malmö, Sweden
b
University of South-Eastern Norway, 31184 Borre, Norway
Reviewed: October 19, 2023
*Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]
Accepted: November 2, 2023
Published: February 26, 2024 Keywords: carafe, projective geometry, coherent water, reduction in IR emission,
fractal scaling, long-range correlation, self-regulation, plasmonic waves, quantum
doi:10.14294/WATER.2023.5 electrodynamics

Abstract
This study shows that still water contained in a projec- glass carafe and the contiguous aqueous phase increases
tive geometry (PG)-designed carafe oscillates in tune its bioenergy and bioavailability, with a plausible biophilic
with a self-trapped electromagnetic field of resonant interconnective potential.
stationary waves to which some coherent configura-
tions are associated, well defined at specific coherent Acronyms and Definitions
frequencies. The resonant coherent oscillations pro-
duce an ensemble of quasi-free, high-grade, and low- CAD modelling Computer aided design modelling,
entropy energy electrons, able to collect and transmit CDs Coherent domains of water,
incident light in the visible and low near-infrared light DFA Detrended Fluctuation Analysis; determines
mono-fractal scaling behavior of numeric
spectrum (LNIR). The frequencies of transfer and infor- data,
mational waves become ever smaller as coherent mo- DTC Down-scaled glass test containers,
lecular size increases, with a breakthrough in the LNIR EMF Electro Magnetic Field,
range above 650 nm, increasing formation of a fractal FD Fractal Dimension; estimates fractal
set of coherent low-density water clusters. The fluctua- complexity of shapes,
tion of local structures of high- and low-density water FDC Full-scale design carafe,
shifted from a dominance of the high-density liquid FFOL Fibonacci Fractal Optical Lattice,
(80%) in ordinary water toward a low-density balance FOL Fractal Optical Lattice,
of 60% in carafe-contained water. This is confirmed by FTC Full-sized test carafe,
the change in low-density water chemistry, i.e., from the FOLC Fractal Optical Lattice conditioned in
fractal scaling boundary of change and decline in ther- full-sized carafe water,
mal infrared (IR) emission aligned with structural con- FOLCW Fractal Optical Lattice conditioned in
formity, with the donated electrons causing a reduction control water,

in oxidation-reduction potential, and extracted quasi- HDE High-grade energy, e.g., electrons or photons
that can be used by biosystems,
free electrons captured by oxygen molecules, forming
HDW High-density/high entropy water – less
hydroxyl-ions followed by an increase in pH. It has been ordered – absent of tetrahedral symmetry,
postulated that the glassiness of water is geometri- LDW Low-density/Low-entropy water – highly
cally associated with a tetrahedral low-density water ordered tetrahedral-like coherent water,
structure, which is observed in tetrahedral amorphous NUCs Non-uniformity calibrations,
silica. In contrast, high-density water lacks tetrahedral PET Polyethylene terephthalate,
symmetry. Governed by the rise in low-density water PG Projective Geometry,
clusters, the highly coherent interaction between the ORP Redox Potential – Oxidation-Reduction
tetrahedral configuration and fractal ordering of the PG Potential, Quasi-free – quantum system
where electrons can move almost freely,

WATER 13 48
QED Quantum Electrodynamic Theory, could have such an ability (Fig. 1). Viktor Schauberger has
SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy, repeatedly suggested this (Schauberger V, 2006; Coats C,
TIRI Thermal Infrared Imaging, 1995). György Doczi (1994) shows, e.g., how the contour
UV/VIS/LNIR Ultraviolet/Visible/Low Near-Infrared of such ancient containers can be shaped according to
SPECTROSCOPY Spectroscopy. Vortical resonant transfer
“golden” geometry (Fig. 2), incorporating “Fibonacci se-
and informational waves imply formation of
two interlocked waves following a 3D quences” that have multiple manifestations in nature, as
vortical path, one low-frequency transfer
wave (unmodulated wave) and the other
informational (gain in ordering).

Background

It was recently shown that less organized low-grade ther-

mal energy obtained from the environment could be
transformed into high-grade energy by means of the in-
duced formation of energizing double-vortex figure-eight
streaming flow in water by running water over a specific
flow surface technology (Flowform [FF]) (Johansson et al., Figure 1. Ancient amphorae
2021; Wilkes, 2003). The dynamic water flow across the FF
is shaped by projective geometry (PG) (Web ref. 1) of the
FF surface. A highly organized and coherent low-density
liquid water state forms in the dynamic water flow of the
designed flow-path surfaces of two out of the four stud-
ied vessels (Manawa and Greenhouse stack FF vessels)
(Web ref. 2). The difference between high-grade energy/
low-density coherent phase of water activating and non-
activating FF designs causing different vortical paths of
flowing water is aligned with the fact that liquid water can
alternate between two liquid states – low- and high-den- Figure 2. Analysis of golden geometry in Attic amphora
sity water (Wernet et al., 2004; Huang et al., 2009; Perakis
et al., 2017; Renati P et al., 2020). Despite variation in FF well as in the molecular lattice of water (Web ref. 3). But
water temperature fluctuations during the study time, golden geometry representation is dependent on a spe-
the repeated formation of a low-density liquid domi- cific value of phi (1.618….), which is not always the case in
nated the dynamics of the coherently flowing water. The natural forms.
results are conjectured to support the quantum electro-
dynamic nature of the vortical flow-path surfaces of the We have chosen the different and complementary ap-
Manawa vase and Greenhouse stack (Del Giudice et al., proach of structural “biomimicry” (Web ref. 4), which has
2005). In addition, it is proposed that the formation of full-form flexibility and shape dynamics but retains the
an unidentified density state by non-activating flowing FF ability to mathematically copy and describe the charm of
water (Matatiki bowl and Glonn vertical stack) shifts the the forms extracted from natural patterns: projective ge-
high- and low-density fluctuations toward an increase of ometry (PG).
the high-density water fraction.

Could the same research methodology be employed to

establish whether water can increase its nonlocal fractal
coherency in a similar way, if it is statically stored in con-
tainers of particular shapes – geometries that are found
in nature and recreated mathematically?
Figure 3. Exact measurements of buds, cones, and eggs to
Inspiration for this hypothesis was found in the conjec-
decide if they have path curve form (Edwards,1993).
ture that ancient amphorae for wine and water storage

WATER 13 49
The FFs of the dynamic water flow project (Johansson et
al., 2021) are designed according to three-dimensional
“path curve” patterns derived from PG.

The theoretical basis for this geometry is found in Law-

rence Edwards’ The vortex of life (1993) and highlighted in
Almon (1979) and Web refs. 1, 5 and 6. Edwards built a de-
vice to make exact geometrical measurements of cones,
flower and tree buds, and eggs (Fig. 3), which are organic
forms in nature where life forces manifest (e.g. sprout- Figure 4. Cross section of a spatial form field of a specific λ
ing). In thousands of measurements of many different value. (Edwards, 1993)
species he found that 92% of these had “very good” or
“good” fit with the path curve geometry. (or parameter) to which we give the name λ; and the value
of λ informs us of the form of the complete family of curves.
What is path curve geometry? By changing the values of a and b one obtains different
forms of the cross-section families. This research project
Path curve construction in PG is a complex framework,
is based on defining 3D shapes through spinning 2D path
where radical abbreviations will complicate any under-
curves of different lambda (λ) values around the vertical
standing. The above references (see, e.g., Web ref. 5) give
axis. Different λ values thereby describe the basic cross-
basic explanations of this superficial extract: Collinea-
section form (degree of bluntness or sharpness). In 3D
tions are projective transformations that map points to
projective geometry the curves spin around the so-ob-
points and lines to lines. In PG, collineations leave three
tained object with different gradients defined by another
real or imaginary points invariant (fixed), and if they are
factor, epsilon (ε), but since that is beyond the scope of
not lying on the same line, they form an “invariant” tri-
angle. In 2D PG, the plane consists of such connected
invariant triangles, where “growth measures” can be set
up along their boundary lines. Such growth measures
are sequences of points (of a certain cross-ratio) that are
mapped, one to the other, by projective transformations
between two fixed points on each line. By systematically
plotting the crossings of connection lines between the se-
Figure 5. Path curve variables: Three lambda values (from left)
quences of points on two lines and drawing connecting and two epsilon values (right). (Edwards, 1993)
curves through the plots, one can create so-called path
curves. If one fixed point of an invariant triangle is moved the project further description is omitted here (Edwards,
to infinity, the growth measures of points on two (then 1993, p. 54). Figure 5 depicts typical differentiations be-
parallel) lines is in geometric progression, characterized tween the λ and ε factors.
by individual cross-ratios on each line, and if the remain-
ing line is vertical, it is called a “semi-imaginary” triangle. A λ value does not apply to one specific shape only, but
With different cross-ratios on each parallel line of a semi- it basically shapes a field (or family) of forms, mathemati-
imaginary triangle, the path curves typically depict half cally filling space (like the layers in an onion) and all hav-
cross-sections of bud shapes. The 3D bud shapes can ing the same λ value, but with different shapes in differ-
then be obtained by spinning the half 2D cross-section ent layers (Fig. 4). In Figure 5 only one layer of each λ value
around the vertical line of the invariant triangle. The form is selected.
of the path curve family produced in this way (Fig. 4) is
A research question was formulated: Can containers for
characterized by the form factor lambda (λ), which is de-
water storage propose a shift toward a dominance of the
fined as the ratio of the natural logarithms of the cross-
low-density liquid if containers are shaped in accordance
ratios (e.g., a and b) of points on the two lines:
with path curve algorithms?
λ = ln a / ln b
Notwithstanding the proposed PG-based outlines, it was
Edwards (1993, p.38) explains: If we take the ratio of the shown in Johansson and Lukacs (2019) that the geometry
logarithms of these two numbers, this leads us to a number of two concentric Fibonacci fractal optical circles acts as

WATER 13 50
a wave-guiding lattice (Fibonacci Fractal Optical Lattice tial, pH and Conductivity) in water obtained from
[FFOL]), generating high-grade energy, thus, transform- DTCs and FDCs,
ing novel nonlinear and double-twisted electromagnetic
iv. Quantification (percentage) of CDs in FDC water,
waves to induce photons to self-organize spatially with
where the porous structure of silica-PET encapsu-
fractal symmetry, lowered density, and entropy, and ac-
lates and anchors water CDs in FOLCW and especially
cumulated and self-trapped within extended coherent
FOLC,
domains (CDs) of water (Johansson and Sukhotskaya,
2012). The helical mode and intensity pattern of the opti- v. This section describes UV/VIS/LNIR analysis of three
cal vortex generated by the FFOL depicts a specific frac- different silica PET foils (baseline, FOLCW and FOLC).
tal functional device, with fractal scaling properties that The preparation of the different silica PET foils was
have novel non-linear impacts on living biosystems (Jo- described in section (iv). Additionally, the frequency
hansson, 2008; Johansson 2009, Johansson and Sukhots- spectrum of UV/VIS/LNIR transmittance data was
kaya 2016; Ahnblad and Nordkvist, 2017). evaluated by Fourier analysis,

Can a similar biophilic effect (Web ref. 7) be obtained in a vi. TIRI of water was obtained from the DTCs and FDCs,
PG-shaped carafe – if constituting a fractal structuring com-
vii. DFA determines the mono-fractal scaling behavior of
ponent inducing equally striking effects – with non-linear im-
pixel data obtained from TIRI of water from DTCs and
pact on CDs of water?
FDCs,

viii. Fractal Dimension (FD) estimates fractal complexity

Materials and Methods of the FDC shapes,
Summary of methodology, applications and aims. ix. Scanning electron microscopy was obtained on py-
rogenic silica nanoelements and silica agglomerates
i. Appropriate carafe design: Selection of an appropri-
embedded in the PET foil aimed for determination of
ate carafe design from five DTCs,
FD of the silica PET fractal structure,
ii. Full-sized glass carafes: Production of a functional
x. CAD modelling was obtained on different 2D path
FDC,
curves transformed into 3D shapes aimed for glass-
iii. Analyses of TIRI and water chemistry (Redox Poten- blowing.

1 2 3 4 5

Figure. 6. Graphite patterns and five resulting downscaled test containers (DTCs) for initial
experiments.

WATER 13 51
For a conclusive shortcut summary of methodology, pur-
pose and results see Table 4.

Appropriate carafe design (i)

Path curve geometries can be extracted for an infinite

number of possible carafe designs: which one would yield
optimal properties related to a high-grade energy and low-
density state of coherent water, and with an appropriate bio-
philic potential? To approach this question, it was decided
to blow five alternative downscaled glass test containers
(DTCs) of different shapes. Containers in glass are pref- A B
erable due to its high content of tetrahedral amorphous
Figure 7. 3D CAD model with path curve algorithm (A), full-
quartz, geometrically similar with the tetrahedral con-
sized test carafe FTC (B).
figuration of low-density water. And they can be blown
to exact geometrical specifications, not obtainable in ter-
racotta, etc.

To search for appropriate container shapes different λ

values (defining form-families) can be evaluated, and a
certain layer within a family can be decided upon – as
shown in Figure 5 (analysis algorithm in Web ref. 6).

The five tentative choices in Figure 6 represent organic

equivalents of buds, eggs, and cones. The shapes were
chosen to align with design specifications for a carafe
aimed at everyday use, where aesthetics, grip, and sta-
bility are central claims. Graphite patterns with high ac- A B
curacy 2D profiles of alternative selected λ values and Figure 8. A full-sized design carafe (FDC) with path curve form:
shapes (layers) were produced, and 3D glass containers CAD model (A), and final glass carafe (B).
were blown in a professional turning machine. Carafes
no. 1 and 2 are blown in the same pattern, but upside- ployment of the path curve algorithm, the profile with
down to detect the possibility of difference. the most profound rise in high-grade energy of the DTC
series (no. 4 in Fig. 6) was then chosen for up-scaling to
Due to the small opening on the top of the path curve 1.6-liter volume.
surfaces of the DTCs, each one was filled up with distilled
water (Apoteket AB, Sweden) using a syringe with a thin An accurate wood-form was produced and a full-sized
needle penetrating the entrance hole. Water samples test carafe (FTC) with an exact rounded bottom was
were taken from the bulk volume with a pipette. Each blown (Cerva, Czech Republic; made of approximately
sample was analyzed by thermal IR imagining (TIRI), ac- 70% quartz glass). Figure 7 shows the FTC: as 3D CAD
cording to a standard protocol. The experimental details model with its superimposed path curve form in (A) and
are given in section (vi) (Johansson and Sukhotskaya, the resulting test carafe in (B).
2012). DTCs were conditioned for 24 h at ambient tem-
All performed tests up to this point had confirmed a high-
perature (23°C) and compared to control water stored in
grade energy state in the stored water, but the first FTC
a 50 ml beaker. proved to have functional and aesthetic disadvantages
Full-sized glass carafes (ii) related to practical handling. It was accordingly decided
to redesign the carafe with an objective to obtain a func-
Since the DTCs were downscaled (for experimental rea- tional form for practical application: with an appropriate
sons) in relation to containers that could be usable as throat and a small flat bottom for balance, plus a small
water carafes, the primary experimental findings (Table form compensation for an unavoidable added wall thick-
1) had to be verified for full-sized carafes. Through em- ness at the bottom.

WATER 13 52
A revised accurate wood form was produced, and a pro- under which these silica nanoelements coalesced by self-
totype series of full-scale design carafes (FDCs) were assembling to form porous growing silica agglomerates
blown for the following high-grade energy testing (Fig. 8). (silica-PET) (average size 50–250 nm), anchored to the
Two FDCs were finally used for full-scale studies on water substrate and remaining embedded during solidification
compared to a 500 mL control beaker. Experimental and (Fig. 9B).
control local mineral water were conditioned at ambi-
The silica-PET structure exists as a porous amorphous
ent conditions for 24 h before TIRI and analysis of water
(transparent) and semi-crystalline polymer (Zachmann
chemistry (pH, redox potential, and conductivity), repeat-
and Wutz, 1993). This semi-crystalline material can ap-
edly, for four days.
pear transparent (particle size <500 nm) or opaque/white
Redox potential, pH, and conductivity (iii) (lamellar particle size up to several microns), depending
on its crystal structure and particle size. It is known that
Local mineral water (Maglehem, Sweden) was stored and the crystalline fraction within the lamellar stacks of the
conditioned in a 500 mL beaker (control) or in the full- silica-PET material is considerably larger than the over-
sized carafe filled up to the neck and conditioned for 24 h all degree of crystallinity (Crutz et al., 1991). The lamellar
at ambient room temperature before starting the analy- stacks consist of 3–6 coherently scattering crystal lamel-
ses. The redox potential (ORP), pH, and conductivity were lae, while the amorphous regions outside the lamellar
measured using an Inolab 740 multifunctional meter stacks are larger than those within the stacks. Hence, the
(WTW International, Stockholm, Sweden) as in previous polymer consists of a differentiated distribution of amor-
studies (Johansson and Sukhotskaya, 2012; Johansson phous and crystalline regions, i.e., acting as a metamate-
and Lukacs, 2019; Johansson et al., 2021). The ORP was rial. The coherently scattering crystalline lamellae can be
measured using a SenTix® ORP electrode (WTW Interna- correlated to coherent light paths through the polymer
tional, Stockholm, Sweden). The pH was measured using that are similar in size or smaller than the wavelength of
a high-stability Schott A77803K pH electrode (Schott AG, incident visual or thermal light (Soukoulis and Wegener,
Mainz, Germany). The conductivity was measured using 2011).
a TetraCon® 325 standard cell (Fisher Scientific, Gothen-
burg, Sweden). All three electrodes were located 2 cm Given the morphology of the regular structure of amor-
below the surface of the bulk water sample. The ORP, phous and semi-crystalline porous nanostructured sili-
pH, and conductivity electrodes were calibrated every ca-PET agglomerate and the photonic interaction of en-
day. The variation in the electrochemical stability of the capsulated nonlinear liquid low-density water, a fractal
ORP electrode was ± 5 mV. The ORP of the control or FDC coherent trajectory landscape is constituted, which may
water (25 mL) stored in a 30-mL plastic or glass beaker contribute to novel plasmonic wave-guiding properties
(Fisher Scientific) was measured every 60 s for 120 min. and formation of surface plasmons (Soukoulis and We-
The pH was followed in 25 mL of water for 90 min until gener, 2011; Wurtz et al., 2011).
stability was reached. The conductivity was also followed Exact pieces (15 × 45 mm) of the silica-PET foil were each
in 25 mL of water for 60 min. Data were collected using
Multilab® pilot software. The ORP, pH, and conductivity
were measured as the mean ± SD of three water samples,
each analyzed in triplicate.

Fractal Optical Lattice (FOL) – Photonic absorber/

transmitter (iv)

A thermo-stabilized transparent polyethylene terephthal-

ate (PET) foil (Kemafoil®HSPL 20), 50 µm thick, covered
with self-assembling pyrogenic, porous, and high-in-
A B
ternal-surface-area silica agglomerates, was obtained
Figure 9. SEM images (obtained from Coveme s.p.a. (Italy)
from Coveme s.p.a. (Italy). During an etching procedure,
of (A) pyrogenic porous silica nanoelements (size 20–30
the pyrogenic silica nanoelements (average size 20–30 nm, ×30,000) and (B) the 3D morphology of self-assembling
nm) (Fig. 9A; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)), were pyrogenic silica agglomerates embedded in the PET foil (size
melted to a depth of 500–1000 nm into the PET surface, 50–200 nm, ×5,000)

WATER 13 53
equilibrated and conditioned in control (FOLCW) or full- quired using a RAZ-IR Thermal camera system 8–14 µm
sized carafe (FOLC) stored water for 24 h at ambient tem- LWIR (collecting emitted light [photons] from the surface
perature (23°C) and subsequently air-dried overnight at of water samples), thermal sensitivity ≤100 mK at 30°C,
ambient temperature. The inherent nonlinearity of the thermal resolution 160 × 120 pixels/frame, 25 µm; Sierra
electromagnetic propagation of simulated incident pho- Pacific Innovations Corporation, Las Vegas, NV, USA) (Jo-
tons (Johansson and Lukacs, 2019) through the fractal hansson and Sukhotskaya, 2012). The equipment was set
route of the control and experimental silica-PET lattice up in a very clean closed room used for analytical mea-
was recorded by UV/VIS/low NIR spectroscopy and evalu- surements. A sheet of aluminum foil was placed on a
ated by their difference in transmittance spectrum, which table beneath the camera to standardize the background
enables an approximate percentage quantification of the emissivity. The camera was mounted and secured on a
low-density water molecular cluster balance of the carafe plastic stand and oriented vertically with the lens focused
water. The propagation of low intensity simulated light at 7 cm (fixed position) from the top of two 45 × 10 × 10
through the PET-silica lattice implicates a fractal nature of mm vertical polystyrene optical cells (D-51588; Sarstedt,
the lattice itself with a Fractal Dimension of 1.68, generat- Aktien Gesellschaft & Company, Nümbrecht, Germany)
ing stable and repeatable nonlinear oscillations in the vis- containing 5.0 mL of control or experimental water. The
ible and LNIR wavelength range (Johansson and Lukacs, cells were positioned and secured in an upright position
2019). 1.0 mm apart and conditioned at room temperature for
60 min before measurement. Importantly, during the de-
UV/VIS spectroscopy (v) velopment of the TIRI method (given reference) the equil-
Experiments with UV/VIS/low NIR (LNIR) spectroscopy ibration time of 60 min was found necessary to stabilize
(190–1100 nm, LNIR 700–1100 nm) intended to simulate the TIRI temperature of the 5 mL volume of water. Fol-
the photonic properties of the silica-PET foils were per- lowing “power on,” the camera automatically performed
formed using a double-beam T 80+ UV/VIS spectropho- three non-uniformity calibrations (NUCs) after 5, 25, and
tometer (PG Instruments Ltd, UK). The cell holder was 45 s. While turned on, the camera automatically performs
partly modified by a set of two staples (20 × 45 mm) con- NUCs at regular intervals. NUC allows automatic clean-
nected on the front of the experimental cell holder and up of the image noise, ensuring the normalization and
on the reference cell holder, respectively. A piece of the sharpness of the live image. Six repeated image frames
experimental silica-PET foil (15 × 45 mm) was positioned were acquired in sequence on a total of 20 water samples
in the experimental staple. The control foil was posi- collected from each FF (measured at random intervals for
tioned likewise in the control staple. The operating mode two months) or FDCs and saved for image analysis (i.e.,
was set to the absorbance spectrum. The incident light temperature profiles of the pixel area and graphical rep-
path length was 10 mm, scanning wavelength range was resentation of temperature data) using IR Analyzer soft-
190–1100 nm, and scan speed was set to medium. The ware (Sierra Pacific Innovations Corporation). The tem-
cell holder compartment was thermo-stabilized at 30°C. perature data were obtained from a defined pixel area
To sort out the absorption optical density attributable to of the water surface in each of the two cells; the image
the silica-PET film itself, baseline correction was initially frames were transformed into numerical data by the IR
conducted in each series of experiments using a control Analyzer software and exported to an Excel spreadsheet
silica-PET film positioned in both staples. The UV/VIS/ for statistical evaluation.
LNIR spectrum was recorded for the baseline silica-PET, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) (vii)
silica PET conditioned in control water (FOLCW) and ex-
perimental full-sized carafe samples (FOLC) (ten of each Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) (Goldberger et al.,
specimen). The data were collected and displayed by the 2002) (Web ref. 9) determines the monofractal scaling
software supplied with the spectrophotometer. behavior of numeric data (e.g., time series data) in the
presence of possible trends without knowledge of their
The frequency spectrum of the simulated UV/VIS/LNIR origin. The DFA algorithm permits the detection of in-
absorbance data was evaluated by means of Fourier trinsic self-similarity embedded in a non-stationary time
analysis (Web ref. 8) (Johansson and Sukhotskaya, 2016). series. Monofractals are homogeneous in that they have
Thermal Infrared Imaging (TIRI) (vi) the same scaling properties, characterized by only one
singularity exponent throughout the signal (Goldberger
Thermal infrared image (TIRI) frames (1 cm2) were ac- et al., 2002).

WATER 13 54
To illustrate the DFA algorithm briefly the original inte- fractal dimension (FD) between 1 and 2 (FD ≥ 1 or ≤ 2 indi-
grated time series of data is divided into boxes of equal cate the presence of fractal properties), where fractal and
length, n. For each box of length, n, a least square line is fine scale complexity grows stronger toward 2.
fitted to the data. The calculation is repeated over all time
scales (box sizes). The root mean square fluctuation of The fractal dimension was calculated on graphic black
the integrated and detrended time series, F(n), behaves and white images of the full-sized carafe using the Box-
as a power-law function of n and a log-log graph of F(n), Counting method with Benoit 1.3 software (Web ref. 10).
against n is constructed (Peng et al., 1994). The method covers the image with a computerized mesh
of identical size-d squares in the 2D plane. The number of
squares, N(d), with a self-similar pattern was counted. For
comparison, decreasing the square size repeatedly fills
(1)
the image with the pattern at different magnifications,
A linear relationship on the log-log graph indicates sta- allowing scale invariance, a characteristic of a fractal pat-
tistical fractal self-similarity expressed as F(n) α nd. The tern, to be identified. The FD is an estimate of the linear
DFA exponent, d, is defined as the slope of the regression portion in log scale of the behavior of the power-law func-
line log n vs. F(n). A DFA exponent in the range 0.5 ≤ d tion:
≤ 1 indicates long-range power-law correlations growing N(d) = 1/dFD (2)
stronger toward 1, the larger the value of d, the smoother A set of measurements on three separate graphics of the
the time series. In this context, DFA can be interpreted carafe gave the mean FD value.
as a compromise between the complete unpredictability
Scanning electron microscopy (ix)
of white noise (d ≤ 0.5) and the smoother landscape of
Brownian noise (d ≥ 1.5). The monofractal DFA exponent Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of py-
was calculated on TIRI temperature pixel data obtained rogenic silica nanoelements and silica agglomerates em-
on water, using PhysioNet software (Web ref. 9), to serve bedded in the PET foil were obtained using a Zeiss EVO
as a quantitative index of the inherent photonic mono- LS10 scanning electron microscope equipped with an
fractal scaling properties of control or experimental dis- LaB6 filament. Imaging was conducted in high-vacuum
tilled or local mineral water. mode using a secondary electron detector at an acceler-
ating voltage of 15 kV, a probe current of 50 pA, and a
Fractal dimension (viii)
working distance of 5–7 mm. Samples were attached to
Fractals are self-similar patterns over a range of magnifi- alumina SEM sample stubs using carbon adhesive disks
cation scales, resulting in visual stimuli that are inherently (Agar Scientific, UK) and sputtered with gold for 40 s using
complex and organized. The fractal boundaries have a an Agar Scientific automatic sputter coater at a current

Table 1. Thermal infrared (IR) emission imaging (TIRI) and fractal scaling in water obtained from DTCs.

WATER 13 55
of 30 mA and a pressure of 0.08 mbar. A conducting sil- From the observations on DTCs, the scientific hypothesis
ver bridge was painted from the top of the sample down was confirmed; four out of five DTCs, all with different
to the stub using Electrodag 1415 conducting silver paint path curves and lambda values, generated “high-grade
(Agar Scientific) (Falkman, 2017). energetic imprints” related to formation of its low-den-
sity water state, evaluated by its lowered IR emissivity,
CAD modeling (x) decreased TIRI temperature, and increase in the mono-
Autodesk Fusion 360 (Web ref. 11) software has been em- fractal scaling behavior of DFA.
ployed for all CAD modelling. Basically, 2D path curves of Full-sized final carafe. The mean results for fractal scal-
different lambda values have been plotted and rotated to ing properties (DFA exponent), and water chemistry (i.e.,
form 3D shapes that have been used for making all the pH, redox potential, and conductivity) are shown in Table
patterns and molds for high-accuracy glass blowing. 2.
Statistics The thermal IR emissions and water surface temperature
Descriptive statistics were evaluated using SPSS Statistics in the water samples from the full-sized carafe are lower
for Windows v.27. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. USA). Data are
presented as means ± standard deviations and a prob-
ability level of p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Fractal scaling and TIRI temperature

Downscaled Glass Test Containers. From the pre-study

A B
on DTCs filled up with distilled water, the differences in
temperature (Table 1) between control and experimental Figure 10. Thermal IR emissions at room temperature in
water show that all DTCs except No. 5 were significantly control water (A) and carafe water (B) stored in 5-mL
polystyrene cells. The image of the carafe water shows a
decreased (p<0.001). Additionally, the change in the DFA higher state of structural organization of the liquid water. The
value showed a significant increase (p<0.001) in all DTCs, mean TIRI temperature of the given single carafe sample was
with the most significant rise (0.95 ± 0.02) in DTC No. 4, on average 0.3°C lower in experimental water. The tempera-
ture is decreasing according to the color gradient blue, blue/
and thus this was selected for full-sized carafe produc-
red, and red.
tion.

Table 2. Thermal infrared (IR) emission imaging (TIRI), fractal scaling and water chemistry in local control
and of full-sized carafe mineral water.

WATER 13 56
than the control water, as illustrated in Table 2 and Figure existence of CDs implies the presence of ordering mag-
10. The molecular ordering of water obtained from the netic fields in ordered water, due to the nonlocal charac-
carafe generated a decrease in mean surface tempera- teristics of the low-density liquid enhanced by the fractal
ture of 0.12 ± 0.10°C (p<0.001). characteristics of the carafe – following its path curve ge-
ometry.
Due to the continuous change in daily environmental tem-
perature and a previous observation that, during cloudy Water chemistry (pH, ORP, and conductivity)
and rainy days, the temperature difference between con-
trol and experimental samples is less compared to sunny The mild changes in pH (p<0.005), ORP, and conductiv-
days, repetitive measurements were performed for sev- ity (p<0.01) in water from the carafe (Table 2) are consis-
eral days (the mean TIRI value is obtained from 48 water tent with the state of water CDs, where the importance of
samples measured occasionally for four days). long-range ordering with exceptional stability and feed-
back dynamics reflects the self-organizing ability with ex-
The structural ordering of the carafe water is illustrated tended coherence of the inherent oscillations produced
by the red color zone (Fig. 10 B) (the temperature decreas- by the system itself (Fröhlich, 1969; Del Giudice et al.,
es according to the following color gradient: blue, blue/ 1985). The storing of further energy in the form of self-
red, and red) along and close to the wall of the polysty- trapped electromagnetic (IR) modes implies the choice of
rene cells, following a subsiding circular low-density frac- higher energetic levels occupied by the quasi-free collec-
tion gradient decreasing from the external to the internal tive electrons (cold vortexes) at the periphery of each CD
part. The IR emissions from the more distant regions in of water. This implies a lowering of ORP (less energy re-
the center radiate normally. The IR radiation from the ca- quired to extract electrons out of a CD, thus more reduc-
rafe water (Fig. 10 B) close to the interfacial zone expands ing power and ability to donate electrons also to those
toward the center and covers the entire water surface, solutes that subtract them), and a consequent tiny preva-
following a lower peripheral IR emission with an increase lence of OH-groups with respect to H+ and a mildly more
in emissivity toward the central part. The structurally
alkaline pH.
ordered circular gradient water layer shows the consis-
tency with a plausible distribution in the volume of the The pH of the control water was 8.40 ± 0.22 and the con-
low-density fraction. comitant pH of carafe water was 8.56 ± 0.19.

The results of DFA analysis (Table 2) reveal a clear power- The shift toward a decrease in ORP from 158 ± 13 mV
law relationship in the thermal IR emissions from water (control water) to 147 ± 12 mV (carafe water) accompa-
obtained from the carafe water. The DFA exponent in- nied by the rise in the pH of the ordered carafe water
creased significantly (p<0.001) from 0.846 ± 0.023 (con- indicates the self-regulative dynamics of circulating water
trol) to 0.959 ± 0.052 in water from the carafe. The change aligned with long-range oscillations and lowered intrin-
in DFA exponent shows that the flickering of thermal IR sic entropy. This gives rise to structural ordering and al-
emissions is characterized by highly persistent long-dis- lometric scaling behavior, all of which are characteristic
tance attraction due to non-thermal interaction among of dissipative structures (Turning, 1952; Del Giudice and
water molecules in the increased low-density coherent Tedeschi, 2009). Accordingly, the significant change and
fraction. The interaction of water molecules with the con- decrease in ORP substantiates the existence of stabilized
fined IR electromagnetic field makes all molecules oscil- reductive water CDs that enable a reservoir of quasi-free
late in unison (Shimokawa et al. 2004; Yokono et al., 2009; electrons (Voeikov and Del Giudice, 2009).
Katsir et al., 2007; Johansson and Sukhotskaya, 2012), in
tune with many self-trapped photons and a sizeable elec- As the coherent ordering of water increases, the de-
tromagnetic field, giving rise to a common phase within scending temperature will result in the dissolution of
extended mesoscopic space regions, i.e., formation of co- fewer mineral salts and a tendency to exclude tinier parti-
herent domains (CDs) (Del Giudice et al., 2009; Marchet- cles, so the electric conductivity will subside (Israelachvili,
tini et al., 2010). In water CDs, the thermal fluctuation is 1992, Johansson and Sukhotskaya, 2012, Johansson et al.,
aligned with and unifies the magnetic field oscillations of 2021). Besides, since hydrogen ions concentrate at the
freely moving electrons, leading to long-range oscillation boundary between the negative surface of CDs and the
and structural stabilization among the coherent water bulk volume of water, a small decrease in electric conduc-
clusters (Johansson and Sukhotskaya, 2012). Thus, the tivity follows. The electric conductivity decreased equally

WATER 13 57
and significantly (p<0.01) from baseline (459 ± 7 μS) in tions in the visible and LNIR wavelength range between
control water to 454 ± 5 μS in carafe water. 340 and 1100 nm (equally to 3.65–1.13 eV) (Fig. 11). Two
interlocked wave structures were identified as long-pe-
UV/VIS spectroscopy
riod waves (ten frequency components in the frequency
The significant rise in DFA-value related to the TIRI of ca- range of 0.52–22 MHz) (Fig. 12A) and short-period coher-
rafe water (Table 2) is illustrated and replicated in the UV/ ent wave trains (a serial set of four wave trains in the fre-
VIS/LNIR transmittance curve of simulated light waves as quency range of 0.07–0.21 Hz) (Fig. 12B and C). Similarly,
obtained by the FOLC (Fig. 11) and reveals a clear power- twelve long-periodic waves of FOLCW appeared in the
law and nonlinear fractal scaling relationship of resonant wavelength range of 0.52-21 MHz and three short peri-
coherent modes. The scaling behavior of the FOLC, act- odic coherent wave trains of 0.07-0.156 Hz (Fig.12 D).
ing as a photonic transmitter (Dekker et al., 2008) of inci-
The formation of periodic waves that are highly coher-
dent electromagnetic radiation, is characterized by high
ent (Wolf, 2007) and organized as a stable pattern of re-
persistence and strong long-term memory, describing
peating waves, with a decrease in oscillatory frequency
the transmission of novel fractal FOLC photonic radiance
with increased scanning spectral wavelength, implies
in the optical and LNIR spectral range. The coherence
that the two interlocked waves follow a 3D vortical path,
of simulating incident low-intensity propagating waves
one low-frequency “transfer” wave (unmodulated wave)
aligns with a fractal arithmetic clustering shape of the
(Kim, 2013) and the other “informational” (a gain in in-
FOLC resonance structure, which possesses fractal and
formation relates to a decrease in entropy, i.e., a gain in
electromagnetic stationary-wave dynamics characterized
ordering) (Tiller, 1997) with a higher frequency and char-
by multifrequency behavior within the relevant spectral
acteristic amplitude-modulated wave trains. Thus, six
wavelength range of the light spectrum. The DFA of FOLC
unique transfer wave frequencies were identified for the
follows a fractal trajectory that translates macroscopic
FOLC at 2.08, 3.10, 4,68, 15.0, 20.0 and 22.0 MHz (Figure
structural coherent dynamics of the fractal PG carafe
12A) and one unique coherent wave train in the range of
characteristics into self-similar fluctuations in the radia-
0.179–0.213 Hz (Figures 12B and C). The “banana curve”
tion of engaged quantum-entangled photons.
evolution (Figure 12 C) follows a self-stabilizing fractal
The propagation of low-intensity spectral light through topography (Jin et al., 2017), progressively expressed in
the fractal island geometry of the FOLC (Figure 9) gener- a water system with an expanded coherent low-density
ates stable and repeatable nonlinear coherent oscilla- water fraction. The FOLC and FOLCW encapsulated water

Figure 11. Simulation of light propagation and UV/VIS/LNIR transmittance spectrum of silica-PET: (a) baseline
silica-PET, (b) silica-PET conditioned in carafe mineral water (FOLC) or (c) control mineral water (FOLCW). The
transmittance spectrum of FOLCW oscillations is generally below those of FOLC in the wavelength range of
380–1100 nm. The informational imprint of water induces abundant amplitude-modulated low-transmittance
oscillations between 340 and 1100 nm (3.65–1.13 eV). Long-period transmittance oscillations (3.26 eV) are ap-
parent starting from 380 nm, particularly interacting with short-period coherent oscillations of 650–1100 nm
(1.91–1.13 eV). Peaks no. 1-4 correspond to the wave train peak numbers given in Figures 12 B, C and D.

WATER 13 58
 Figure 12 A. Fourier analysis of simulated UV/VIS/LNIR transmittance data obtained from
FOLC according to Fig. 11, which illustrates the unique frequencies of the transfer waves; 1)
2.08 MHz, 2) 3.10 MHz, 3) 4.68 MHz, 4) 15.0 MHz, 5) 20.0 MHz and 6) 22.0 MHz.

Figure 12 B. Fourier analysis of simulated UV/VIS/LNIR transmittance data obtained from FOLC
according to Fig. 11, illustrated in a waterfall plot: formation of two cooperative and interact-
ing waves, one transfer and the other informational with one unique coherent wave train, no. 4
(0.179–0.213 Hz), obtained from interlocked coherent waves.

Figure 12 C

Figure 12 D

Figures 12 C and D. Spectrograms of Fourier analysis data obtained from FOLC (C) according to Fig. 12 B,
and FOLCW (D) given in Fig. 11, illustrated in an aerial 2D plot: Notified is the unique wave train no. 4 in
FOLC, which is absent in FOLCW.

WATER 13 59
CDs of the backbone silica-PET structure transmits highly intrinsic spin angular momentum (Allen et al., 1992). Heli-
organized photons, where the two waves are spatially cal beams thus have potential applications in secure and
linked in an interlocked configuration (Figures 12B, C and parallel informative communication, with information
D). Short-periodic LNIR coupled low-amplitude transfer being carried in topological channels or being encoded in
waves are intertwisted with high-amplitude information- a beam’s topology (Leach et al., 2002).
al waves. The scale-invariant phase profile of the fractal
photonic lattice transforms the parallel waves of an in- Importantly, the ensemble of quasi-free electrons, pres-
cident light mode into the topology of a proposed inter- ent in each CD of water, was excited by the externally sup-
locked helical mode. Thus, a screw-like dislocation of the plied energy from the simulated incident spectral waves,
helical beam appears with its focus to a central axis and represented by long periodic oscillations (3.65–1.13 eV)
with its intensity being redistributed superficially, around in the wavelength range of 340–1100 nm, similarly short
the optical axis of a transfer wave, to a vortical ring of periodic oscillations (2.25–1.13 eV) between 550–1100
light. Importantly, the photons in helical beams carry a nm and, particularly, short-periodic coherent oscillations
conserved orbital angular momentum distinct from their (1.91–1.13 eV) at 650–1100 nm (Figure 11), producing

Table 3. Fractal Dimension (FD) and low-density and high-density water balance of the full-sized carafe.

Figure 13. Experimental example of a FD log-log plot figure of the

full-sized carafe (FD = 1.84).

WATER 13 60
“cold” electron vortices, since the electrons are in a co- into fractal nonlocal oscillations and to lower the intrinsic
herent state (Del Giudice et al., 2009). The excitation of entropy, fostering the coherence of oscillating transfer
vortical energy cannot be released, neither thermally nor and informational waves, both of which are characteris-
electromagnetically, which explains the extreme stabil- tic of a dissipative structure (Turning, 1952; Prigogine and
ity of excited expanded water CDs, shown in less trans- Nicolis, 1977). The plasmonic behavior of the coherent
mittance of simulated light through the FOLC resonance electron oscillations of the FOLC strongly confined to the
structure (b) (Figure 11). The accumulated data of the dif- interface surface between silica-PET and encapsulated
ference in UV/VIS/LNIR transmittance spectrum between water CDs enables a strong resonant enhancement of
FOLC (b) and FOLCW (c) at ambient temperature, each the local density of photon states (Boriskina, 2013). The
corrected from baseline variance (a), illustrates a shift nonlinear coherent state of surface plasmons makes the
in adjustable fluctuations of water molecules toward a interplay of local EMFs very important for efficient fre-
non-local low-density balance of water molecular clus- quency conversion, i.e., from the 1016 Hz frequency range
ters (60%) of the FOLC, compared to the approximate of plasmons to the oscillations in the hertz range of sim-
20%/80% low-density/high-density ratio of ordinary con- ulated UV/VIS/LNIR transmittance of ordered photons
trol water of the FOLCW (Table 3). obtained from FOLC and FOLCW. These nonlocal low-
entropy photons can be trapped in water (Johansson and
The FOLC’s allometric scaling behavior, i.e. its fractal na- Sukhotskaya, 2012), building a sizeable EMF in this region
ture, allows the exchange of energy and entropy with and giving rise to co-resonance of molecules of the same
the environment and permits the use of the FOLC in its
species; this produces a unified oscillation phase of all
ability as a metamaterial to create independent tailored
the trapped molecules used to charge and displace the
electromagnetic responses in incident radiation, i.e. to
equilibrium toward the dominance of water CDs (Del Giu-
change the allometric dimension of incident EMF waves
dice et al., 2010). In this process, atoms and photons lose
their original identity, being raised to energized matter
made up of quasi-particles entangled in the CDs.

Fractal dimension

The mean peak preference FD of the carafe was 1.85

± 0.10 (Table 3). Figure 13 shows an example of the FD
boundary log-log plot figure of the carafe fractal shape,
illustrating the fine structure and high ordering of fractal
complexity.

This means that the boundary of the carafe PG geometry

keeps a high DFA value of contained low-density water,
A B which corresponds to FD close to the fine scale bound-
ary optimum value of 2, and equally adjacent to FD of
Figure 14 (and Figure 8). Final CAD model (A) and final full-
sized glass prototype macroscopic fractal carafe (B). the highly complex curve boundary of the classical Man-

Table 4. Conclusive shortcut of Methods, Purposes and Results.

WATER 13 61
delbrot set (Bown, 1991), acting as a driving force in the than the one proper to the uncorrelated/isolated compo-
formation of a coherent liquid low-density state of carafe nents. The coherent oscillations of the molecules in the
water. Thus, this follows a natural fractal self-assembling CDs no longer require any external supply of energy. The
process, supported by formation of a correlation wave, coherent state has lower energy than the non-coherent
bringing elementary components phased-locked in their state, providing a ground configuration where molecules
in-tune oscillations (Matija and Koruga, 2002), by embrac- keep their electrons tightly bound (ionization energy is
ing and keeping numerous nested hierarchies of oscilla- 12.6 eV), and the excited expanding state where one qua-
tor cycles interacting globally without self-interference si-free electron oscillates at 12.06 eV – thus, 0.54 eV be-
and manifesting as a general phase-correlation all over low the ionization potential and corresponding to a water
the system. Consequently, the perfection of balance of CD size of 0.1 µm with variant shapes, forming a reservoir
ordering of PG geometry renders the carafe as a highly of millions of quasi-free electrons that are easily excitable
complex macroscopic fractal, self-similar on all scales (Del Giudice and Tedeschi, 2009).
(Fig. 14) (Vitiello, 2012), which maintains a coherent liquid
water state and engenders ordering in water enforced by The propagation of simulated low-intensity spectral light
the assembly of coherent fractal CDs, through resonance through the fractal island geometry of the FOLC gives rise
on different fractal scale levels of ordered liquid water. to a number of collected external high-entropy excita-
tions, whose entropy is low (high-grade and low-entropy
energy) where inherent oscillations of water CDs occur
in the range of 1.13–3.65 eV of simulated incident light.
Discussion The spectrum of excited water CDs is limited upwards by
From the present results, the quantum characteristics the energy gap, which is 0.26 eV per molecule; since in a
of fractal coherent liquid water, as resonating with and CD there are about six million molecules, it is apparent
captured from the fractally inductive nature of the mac- that the high entropy-uptake spectrum of an isolated CD
roscopic fractal carafe, relate to the quantum electrody- has practically no upper limit (Del Giudice and Preparata,
namic (QED) theory (Del Giudice et al., 1985; Madl and 1998). This means that within CDs it is possible to store
Renati, 2023) and particularly the uncertainty relation- amounts of energy that reach the visible and the invis-
ship (Preparata, 1995). Accordingly, the coherent state ible light of UV, IR, and micro-wave spectra (Gudkov et al.,
was evoked by the interaction between the high-entropy 2011). In this way, the water CD would become an exten-
photons of incident ordinary daylight with impact on the sive energy converter, also aligning with Earth’s magnetic
high/low-density ratio of liquid carafe water. Referring field, and transform environmental energy into high-den-
to the theory of dissipative systems’ ability to self-regu- sity energy, able to induce electronic excitations in guest
late (Prigogine and Nicolis, 1977), it was implied that the molecules, e.g., in the biomolecules surrounding the CDs.
exchange of energy and entropy with the environment Since biomolecules constitute only 1% of the number of
relied on the fact that the absorption of spatially self-or- water molecules, these “guest” molecules become part
ganized low-entropy photons of incident light into high- of the resonant coherent dynamics of water (Del Giudice
grade energy with low entropy displaces the bi-phasic and Tedeschi, 2009). Following nonlinear dynamics, the
equilibrium toward a dominance of coherent eigenstates extended coherence, where CDs of water and “guest”
of low-density water CDs (Voeikov, 2001). molecules become components of even more extended
“super-coherent domains,” i.e., a hierarchy of levels of
When energy from the quantum field was captured by coherence, could be various physiological organs where
the incident photons, they were self-trapped and turned the entire system is able to act as a self-organizing living
into an excited state of coherent photons oscillating in system with biophilic impact on the healthy physiological
unison with the quantum electromagnetic field (EMF) aqueous state in, e.g., healthy humans (Johansson, 2008;
(Del Giudice et al., 1985). At this point, the Lamb-like shift Johansson, 2009; Johansson and Sukhotskaya, 2016).
(which would constitute a negligible contribution, 1 ppm Thus, the whole organism is a quantum system with a
to the total energy of the system), becomes relevant multi-well energy profile. The lowest ground energy state
when a critical number of coherent water molecules are corresponds to the healthy state of the entire organism
tuned together and are enclosed within the CDs, where a
(Brizhik et al., 2009).
phase transition occurs toward a state whose ground en-
ergy (vacuum level) of each oscillator/molecule is lower The onset of coherence among low-density water CDs al-

WATER 13 62
lows the formation of much spatially wider molecules be- ing characteristics of the FOL device: I) In extraction of 3D
cause they are a combination of the ground state and a path curves the 2D invariant analysis triangle (see Back-
much more extended excited state. Thus, low-density wa- ground – What is path curve geometry) is exchanged with
ter molecules become tightly packed together in extend- an invariant tetrahedron, where the “semi-imaginary”
ed regions of coherence, whose size is governed by the variant has two of its intersection points “circling at infin-
wavelength of the light mode responsible for its forma- ity” (Edwards, 1993). Could this PG-aligned tetrahedron
tion (Del Giudice and Tedeschi, 2009). The correspond- tentatively enable a significant structural resonance with
ing frequencies of the vortical path of the transfer or in- the tetrahedral molecular structure of low-density water?
formational waves of either the FOLC or FOLCW become II) In the invariant tetrahedron, the lambda factor, is ex-
smaller and smaller by increasing the coherent water low- tracted from the relation between multipliers (“speeds”
density molecular size in this region, with a breakthrough according to Edwards, 1993) of logarithmic spirals on two
in the LNIR wavelength range above 650 nm, initiating invariant planes of the semi-imaginary tetrahedron. Can
formation of highly fractal sets of coherent low-density this relationship be correlated to the unique transfer and
water, where molecules are oscillating in tune with each informational waves of the FOLC? III) Can a direct cor-
other within a self-trapped EMF. It is conceivable that ir- relation be found between path curve extractions, e.g.,
radiation from LNIR up to microwaves could gain, in the expressed through lambda values, and the fractal bound-
support of dissolved atmospheric gases, an extended co- ary of the carafe?
herence of liquid water (Katsir and Miller, 2007; Alexan-
In approaching such (vaguely outlined) hypotheses, one
derson, 2002; Bartholomew, 2003; Web ref. 12).
would need to start out from an analysis of three-di-
The fluctuation of local structures of surface-coated high- mensional path curve geometry. That has not been nec-
and low-density water of FOLCW and FOLC, respectively, essary in this study because extraction of 3D form has
with reference to FOLCW (dominating around 80%) is been explained through spinning 2D path curve contours
shifted toward a dominance of the low-density liquid of around the vertical side of the invariant triangle, which
FOLC by changing the background oscillatory nature of is a simpler method. But our main observation of an in-
the CDs. The mode of the quantum field high-grade work- crease in low-density water obtained from a PG-designed
ing frequencies of incident photons, being self-trapped carafe, confirmed by six independent analytical methods,
in extremely stable cold vortices and becoming coherent strongly suggests that projective geometry may be of im-
photons in the excited state, oscillates in phase with the portance in future research on water´s high-grade and
quantum electromagnetic field, which governs the local low-entropy energy extraction.
evolution of the entire system (Del Giudice et al., 2005).
In view of the novel observation that the coherent wa-
Equally, this is confirmed by the fractal scaling boundary
ter of living cells, where each water molecule adjacent to
of thermal IR emission flickering of the full-sized design
bio-surfaces is in the range of a few hundred angstroms,
carafe coherent water state, which implies the presence
assumes a soft glassy rheology (Zhou et al., 2009), which
of nonlocal ordering magnetic fields, due to the fractal
probe a mechanical behavior and robustness of the cell
characteristics of the PG-shaped carafe. The time-depen-
under different modes of stress and deformation, and is
dent set of unique working frequencies, following the to-
essential to its function and survival. Interfacial and in-
pology of an intertwined helical light mode, constitutes its
tracellular water is directly involved in the formation of
“identity and specificity” and its non-random evolutionary
amorphous matrices, with glass-like structural and dy-
path given by the thermodynamic and electrodynamic
namical properties. It is postulated that this glassiness of
boundary conditions – a point where a coherent system
water, geometrically confined as a temperature-depen-
can respond to any given incident external perturbation
dent fluctuation equilibrium model, is associated with
(Del Giudice et al., 2005).
formation of a tetrahedral low-density water structure,
The macroscopic fractal FD boundary of the carafe re- which is commonly observed in amorphous quartz and
vealed a direct correlation between path curve surfaces other tetrahedral structures (Shi and Tanaka, 2020; Pera-
extracted through the PG design and the observed co- kis et al., 2017). In contrast, the characteristic of high-den-
herency of low-density water and the FOLC. A further sity water is that it lacks tetrahedral symmetry in ambient
outline of PG theory has raised some interesting ques- conditions. The glassiness of physiological water, geo-
tions, particularly in relation to the apparent wave guid- metrically fine-tuned by the presence of solid intracellu-

WATER 13 63
lar surfaces, is proposed as a key characteristic exploited quantum tunnel effect or by mild external perturbation
by nature as a mechanism able to regulate the timescales (Del Giudice and Tedeschi, 2009; Del Giudice et al., 2010).
in cellular protein solvent dynamics and protein turnover The second consequence accounts for the presence of
times, to sustain biological functions (Pagnotta and Bruni, electron transfer properties of the carafe coherent wa-
2007). Equally important is that the same mechanism can ter. The interface between CDs and the bulk volume of
balance biological processes as a protection against ex- high-density water becomes a redox pile (Szent-Gyorgyi,
treme conditions such as low temperature or dehydra- 1960), where enough electrons are easily releasable to
tion (Pagnotta and Bruni, 2007). account for a reduction in carafe water ORP. The release
of electrons from water CDs in the low-density fraction of
More precisely, aligned with the low-density water mol-
water leaves behind alkaline hydroxyl ions, which reach
ecule, silica or quartz has a tetrahedral geometry, and
the high-density fraction of water, supporting the rise in
oscillatory frequency in accordance and coupling with
pH (Johansson and Sukhotskaya, 2012; Johansson et al.,
certain oscillatory modes of the quantum field (Carfora,
2021). The extremely ordered coherent low-density state
2009), enabling a significant structural resonance across
of carafe water, with a descending temperature, will ex-
these quintessential domains (Brizhik et al., 2009). When
clude any mineral salts or particles from the low-density
water enters a resonant state with coherent partners in
the CD, as well as its capacity to hold information being water fraction (Israelachvili, 1992; Johansson et al., 2021).
potentiated, the excited increase in energy could be trans-
ferred in one stroke, where the non-local phase velocity,
Conclusion
entanglement and resonance among systems enables a
unified oscillation at the same mode and turns phased- Through correlating measurements of multiple methods,
locked (Del Giudice and Vitiello, 2006). The FOLCW, and it has been shown that ordinary high-density water can
particularly the FOLC, with its porous high-internal sur- obtain high- and low-density energy through storage in
face area of tetrahedral amorphous silica nanoelements, path-curve-shaped glass carafes. We have considered the
encapsulated with the nonlinear tetrahedral low-density quantum coherence of water as consistent with the QED
liquid, may contribute to the plasmonic coherent wave- theory, giving a straight answer to the question posed in
guiding properties with a unique set of resonant coher- the “Background” section of this paper, that enables the
ent oscillations (Soukoulis and Wegener, 2011). Thus, the low-density state of still water to transform and transfer
FOLC device serves as photonic metamaterial, composed energy in water and in biosystems with maximum effi-
of tailored micro- or nanostructured coherent subwave- ciency and minimum dissipation. The fractal scaling and
length building elements that are similar or smaller than stabilization of the coherent low-density water fraction of
the incident wavelength of light. This densely packed the macroscopic carafe implies a high physical connec-
concept provides an anisotropic metamaterial with en- tion of supporting standing waves between merging frac-
hanced nonlinear optical properties and acts as a frac- tal structural patterns; this is gained by the fractal and
tal photonic scale-invariant coding device. Consequently, geometrical PG architecture of the carafe, its tetrahedral
governed by extensive percentage rise in low-density
amorphous resonant state of quartz and the molecular
water CDs, the highly coherent interaction between the
tetrahedral arrangement and several fractal scale and
tetrahedral configuration and fractal ordering of the PG-
coherency levels of low-density water, and the ability of
designed glass carafe, and its extended region of a highly
these fractal entities to efficiently disperse energy to be
coherent functional water, increases its bioenergy. Thus,
shared between local and global states and donated to
the highly ordered water turns it more bioavailable, op-
any local point where it is needed, and conversely, to be
timizing healthy conditions, growth, and vitality, certainly
spread globally from any local source. Since the fractal
in healthy humans (Johansson and Sukhotskaya, 2016).
hierarchy arises because incremental processes with
The interplay between the electromagnetic field and matching space-times interact most strongly through
water chemistry depends on the collective oscillation resonance, the entire tetrahedron-based arrangement
of all the CDs. Because of the coherence, as an excita- of quantum harmonic vortical oscillators follow a holo-
tion of the electromagnetic field trapped in the CDs of graphic multi-mass structural resonance across all fractal
the low-density state of carafe water, the ensemble of scales. Equally, this is tentatively transferable to healthy
CD quasi-free electrons could either give rise to excit- human physiological conditions, promoting its biomimet-
ed cold vortices or be released out of the CD, either by ic potential.

WATER 13 64
Acknowledgments Dekker R, Usechak N, Först M, Driessen A (2008).
Ultrafast nonlinear all-optical processes in silicon-on-
We thank Florin Secosan for all his projective geometry insulator waveguides. J Phys D 40 (14): R249–R271.
elaborations and calculations of the carafes in the proj- Del Giudice E, De Ninno A, Fleischmann M, Mengoli G,
ect’s initial phase. And thanks also to Graham Calder- Milani M, Talpo G, Vitiello G (2005). Coherent quantum
electrodynamics in living matter. Electromagn Biol Med
wood, who contributed to the project with his general
24: 199–219.
path curve algorithm and supportive advice regarding
elaborations of projective and fractal geometries. We Del Giudice E, Doglia S, Milani M, Vitiello G (1985). Elec-
tromagnetic field and spontaneous symmetry breaking
would further like to thank Stefano Farvero and Luigi in biological matter. Nucl Phys B251 (FS13): 375–400.
D’Arco at Coveme s.p.a., Italy, for their professional guid-
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metamaterial enhanced by nonlocality. Nature
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Yokono T, Shimokawa S, Yokono M, Hattori H (2009). where a regular pattern is present on a surface. How the
Infrared spectroscopic study of structural change of random composite PET + fragments of silica let plasmon
liquid water induced by sunlight irradiation. Water J 1:
emerges?
29-34.
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of crystallization by means of WAXs and SAXS employing regular structure of porous nanostructured embedded
synchrotron radiation. In Dosière M (Ed.) Crystallization silica-PET agglomerate, and if either structure is nonlin-
of polymers. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The
Netherlands, pp. 403–414. ear or the combination of the two constitutes a nonlinear
shift, due to formation of surface plasmons, this may con-
Zhou EH, Trepat X, Park CY, Lenormand G, Oliver
tribute to novel plasmonic wave-guiding properties.
MN, Mijailovich SM, Hardin C, Weitz DA, Butler JP,
Fredberg JJ (2009). Universal behavior of the osmotically
compressed cell and its analogy to the colloidal glass Reviewer 1: Why should we be speaking of “non-linearity”
transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 10632–10637. and not of simple, but effective and determinant, mode-con-
finement? Stationary waves that are kept in the liquid by the
geometry of the cavity made by the special shape of the ca-
Web References rafe? Explain why we can affirm that there is a “fractal route”
of photons through the PET-silica lattice?
1. Path curve basics: http://www.nct.goetheanum.org/
path.htm [11-14-2021] Authors: The propagation of low intensity simulated light
2. Foundation for Water (FFW): www.foundationforwater. through the PET- silica lattice implicates a fractal nature
org [11-14-2021] of the lattice itself with a defined Fractal Dimension, gen-
erating stable and repeatable nonlinear oscillations in the
3. Chaplin M. Platonic solids, water, and the golden ratio.
Platonic solids, water and the golden ratio (lsbu.ac.uk) visible and LNIR wavelength range, given in our 2019 ref-
https://water.lsbu.ac.uk/water/platonic.html [10-12- erence.
2021]
Reviewer 1: Regarding TIRI measurements. Have you thought
4. Biomimicry institute: https://biomimicry.org [12-03-
2021] that keeping the water for so long time, previously kept in
the PG-shaped container could imply some losses in the ben-
5. Kappraff: Anatomy of a Bud: http://www.mi.sanu.
efits/increases of the coherent fraction thanks to the favor-
ac.rs/vismath/kappraff2/index.html [05-08-2022]
able wave-context? Maybe could the thermalization be done
6. http://budworkshop.co.uk/ by keeping the whole PG-carafe and the ordinary baker in
[04-14-2022]
the measurement room and picking up the 5.0 ml water
7.Browning WD, Ryan CO, Clancy JO (2014). 14 Patterns samples time by time just before the measurements? Could
of Biophilic Design. New York, Terrapin Bright Green this procedure allow to preserve better the electrodynamical
llc. http://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/report/14-
patterns/ [11-18-2022] super-organization “earned” in the PG carafe?

8. Sigview spectrum analyser. Software for calculation Authors: During the development of the TIRI method
of FFT based signal analysis. Sigview, 2023. https:// (given reference) the equilibration time of 60 min was
siegview.com [10-06-2023]

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found necessary to stabilize the TIRI temperature of the previous experiments. However, the luminol-signals are
5 ml volume of water. Certainly, we have done immedi- very different from the spontaneous vortical transmit-
ate measurements on water samples, which led to the tance spectrum of the highly regular coherent oscilla-
observation that 60 minutes is required to obtain reliable tions of FOLCW and FOLC. It is also clarified that the fre-
results. Importantly, a control water sample must be con- quencies of the carrier wave appear in the visible part of
sidered simultaneously. light spectrum and that the highly coherent oscillations of
informational waves appear first above around 650 nm
Reviewer 1: When we speak of modulation of signals in am- and that the two waves interact in an interlocked helical
plitude or frequency, the carrier is the high frequency signal mode. These high-grade energy oscillations might de-
(e.g. MHz) and the modulation occurs at much lower fre- pend on the excited state of the inherent electromagnetic
quencies (e.g. kHz). Here it would be better to explain the field of CDs and the production of cold electron vortices.
meaning.
Reviewer 2: Due to the formation of “cold” electron vortices
Authors: The word “carrier” has been replaced by “trans- of water CDs, since the electrons are in a coherent state, the
fer” in the meaning of a wave part that contains informa- excitation of vortical energy present in each CD of water can-
tion. A new reference has been introduced, which sup- not be released, neither thermally nor electromagnetically,
ports the clarification. which explains the extreme stability of excited expanded wa-
Reviewer 2: Why not dedicating an annex that will be placed ter CDs. Could the observed phenomenon not also be associ-
after the references section that could explain projective ge- ated to solitons?
ometry in more details. Authors: According to recent observations (Vitiello G,
Authors: Since a relevant annex would add approximate- 2009) the dynamical formation of macroscopic fractals
ly 15 pages to the article, which is long as it is, it is sug- can be extended not only to vortices but solitons, induced
gested to search explanations in the references. by squeezed coherent states, whose fractal geometrical
properties thus become manifested.
Reviewer 2: Why choosing containers in glass? in ancient
times terracotta was the material of choice; maybe add a Reviewer 2: Since nonlocal low-entropy photons can be
few lines why this choice was made. trapped in water, building a sizable local EMF and giving
rise to co-resonance of molecules of the same species; this
Authors: Quart’s glass constitutes a tetrahedral structure produces a unified oscillation phase of all the trapped mol-
geometrically identical with the tetrahedral low-density ecules used to charge and displace the equilibrium toward
water structure. A short note is included in the text. An- the dominance of water CDs. What are the implications of
other aspect is that glass can be blown in mathematically this result?
exact forms (essential in this project), whereas terracotta
containers are difficult to produce with exact geometry. Authors: In this process, atoms and photons lose their
original identity, being raised to energized matter made
Reviewer 2: UV/VIS spectroscopy - the generation of stable up of quasi-particles entangled in the CDs able to carry
and repeatable nonlinear coherent oscillations in the visible and store external electromagnetic energy.
and LNIR wavelength range of light spectrum, ties with the
branching chain reaction of water, under the appropriate
conditions a hydrogen atom may react with an oxygen mol-
ecule producing a hydroxyl radical and an oxygen atom. The
former reacts with a hydrogen molecule producing a new hy-
droxyl radical, and the latter oxidizes a hydrogen molecule
to water and regenerates a hydrogen atom, which starts a
new tum of the cycle.

Authors: We are familiar with the luminol-amplified pho-

ton emission, the probe for the reactive oxygen spe-
cies (ROS), and that the emission reveals, e.g. circadian
rhythms. We have seen similar irregular oscillations in

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