The World of Technology practical purposes on (WWW), electronic mail,

December 10, 1945 telephony, and file sharing

first example of technology
Mainframe
- a flint of fire or a sharp
edge fossil - central data repository, or ARPANET
- Found in Africa from about hub, in a corporation's data
2.5 million years ago processing center, linked to - served as a backbone for
- known as the Stone Ages users through less powerful interconnection of regional
version of technology devices such as academic and military
workstations or terminals networks in the 1970s
Abacus (plural abaci or abacuses) - centralized form of How Technology is Changing the
computing, as opposed to a World Today
- also called a counting
distributed form of
frame, is a calculating tool
computing 1. Improved Connectivity
which has been used since
- produced mainframe with the Internet of
ancient times
computers from the 1950s Things Devices
- used in the ancient Near
until the early 21st - spending more of our lives
East, Europe, China, and
century online than ever before
Russia, centuries before the
- a gradual transition to - More and more devices are
adoption of the Hindu-
simulation on Intel chips getting connected with the
Arabic numeral system
rather than proprietary internet pushing the
- Approximately 3000 BC
hardware envelope of the internet of
Blaise Pascal things
Minicomputer 2. Better Information Access
- developed the “Pascaline” - Today, if you want to find
- computer that was smaller,
adding machine in 1642 something out, it only takes
less expensive, and less
- regarded as the inventor of a couple of clicks
powerful than a
the first adding machine 3. Advanced Digital
mainframe or
supercomputer but more Communication with
Wilhelm Schickard Social Media & Messaging
expensive and more
- was credited with inventing powerful than a personal Apps
the first adding machine computer - While video calling has
after Dr. Franz Hammer - used for scientific and spent the last
- “Calculating Clock” is engineering computations, - Businesses have got in on
composed of a multiplying business transaction the act too, and a savvy
device, a mechanism for processing, file handling, social media manager is
recording intermediate and database management considered essential in most
results, and a 6-digit - a complete computer on a companies, with their ability
decimal adding device. small scale, designed for to make or break a brand's
use by one person at a reputation
Standard Punched Card time 4. Smarter Health Tracking
- now primarily called a - rise of fitness devices
- originally invented by 5. Flexible Workplace
Herman Hollerith personal computer (PC), or
a device based on a single- - widespread acceptance
- first used for vital statistics of working from home
tabulation by the New chip microprocessor
- include laptops and 6. More Entertainment with
York City Board of Health Smart Televisions and
and several states desktops
Streaming Platforms
- adopted for use in the 1890 Internet - a wide range of
census technological inventions
- global system of have helped us engage our
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical interconnected computer
Integrator and Computer) free time
networks that uses the - Online streaming platforms
- first programmable, Internet protocol suite and applications are moving
electronic, general-purpose (TCP/IP)[b] to the entertainment world to a
digital computer, completed communicate between complete digitization mode
in 1945 networks and devices 7. New Opportunities with
- ENIAC had all of them in - network of networks Distance Education,
one package - carries a vast range of Augmented Reality,
- able to solve "a large class information resources and Virtual Reality and E-
of numerical problems" services, such as the inter- Learning
through reprogramming linked hypertext documents - overcome the barriers of
- was completed in 1945 and and applications of the time and place with
World Wide Web computers, augmented
first put to work for
 reality, virtual reality and e- - far superior to the vacuum - Quantum computation and
learning tube, allowing computers to molecular and
become smaller, faster, nanotechnology will radically
cheaper, more energy-efficient, change the face of computers
and more reliable than their in years to come
first-generation predecessors - The goal of fifth-generation
- still relied on punched cards for computing is to develop
COMPUTER input and printouts for output devices that will respond to
- moved from cryptic binary natural language input and
- an electronic device that are capable of learning and
language to symbolic, or
manipulates information, or self-organization
assembly, languages, which
data.
allowed programmers to
- has the ability to store, retrieve, specify instructions in words TYPES OF COMPUTER
and process data - High-level programming
languages, such as early WEARABLE
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
versions of COBOL and
FORTRAN - latest trend in computing
FIRST GENERATION: - (email, database, multimedia,
VACUUM TUBES (1940–1956) THIRD GENERATION: calendar/scheduler) are
integrated into watches, cell
- The first computer systems INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964– phones, visors and even
used vacuum tubes for circuitry 1971) clothing
and magnetic drums for main
memory - development of the integrated SUPERCOMPUTER
- often enormous, taking up circuit was the hallmark of the
third generation of computers - are different from
entire rooms mainframes
- very expensive to operate - Transistors were miniaturized
and placed on silicon chips, - wield incredible computing
- in addition to using a great deal power for Earth's most
called semiconductors, which
of electricity, the first intense industrial and
drastically increased the speed
computers generated a lot of scientific calculations
and efficiency of computers
heat, which was often the
cause of malfunctions - keyboards, monitors, and
MAINFRAME
- maximum internal storage interfaces with an operating
system - first came to life in the post-
capacity was 20,000
characters World War II era, as the U.S.
Integrated circuit (IC) chips
- relied on machine language, Department of Defense ramped
the lowest-level programming - small electronic devices made up its energies to fight the Cold
language understood by out of semiconductor material War
computers - The first integrated circuit - still used to crunch some of the
- they could only solve one was developed in the 1950s by biggest and most complex
problem at a time Jack Kilby of Texas databases in the world
- would take operators days or Instruments and Robert
even weeks to set up a new SERVER
Noyce of Fairchild
problem Semiconductor - detailed view in the CERN
- Input was based on punched
Computer/Data Centre and
cards and paper tape, and FOURTH GENERATION:
server farm
output was displayed on
MICROPROCESSORS (1971– - A computer that has been
printouts
PRESENT) optimized to provide services
UNIVAC and ENIAC computers to other computers over a
- thousands of integrated network, servers usually have
- invented by J. Presper Eckert circuits were built onto a powerful processors, lots of
- became examples of first- single silicon chip memory and large hard drives
generation computer - fit in the palm of the hand
technology - The Intel 4004 chip, developed WORKSTATION
- The UNIVAC was the first in 1971, integrated all the
- a desktop computer that has a
commercial computer components of the computer,
more powerful processor,
delivered to a business client, from the central processing
additional memory, high-end
the U.S. Census Bureau in unit and memory to
graphics adapters and enhanced
1951 input/output controls, on a
capabilities for performing a
single chip
special group of tasks, such as
SECOND GENERATION:
FIFTH GENERATION: 3D graphics or game
TRANSISTORS (1956–1963) development
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- was invented at Bell Labs in (PRESENT AND BEYOND) HANDHELD COMPUTERS
1947 but did not see
- still in development, though - Early computers of the 20th
widespread use in computers
there are some applications, century famously required
until the late 1950s.
such as voice recognition, that entire rooms
- included hardware advances
are being used today - smartphones and PDAs
like magnetic core memory,
magnetic tape, and the - use of parallel processing and
NETBOOKS AND TABLETS
magnetic disk. superconductors
 - ultra-portable computers that criterion to classify different COMMON TYPES OF
are even smaller than computers according to speed
traditional laptops
COMPUTING PLATFORM
- netbooks' internal components ACCURACY
HARDWARE PLATFORM
are less powerful than those in
- the level of precision with
regular laptop - set of compatible hardware
which calculations are made
and tasks are performed on which software application
can be run
- each specific hardware
platform has its own machine
LAPTOP language
- EXAMPLES: android
- have replaced desktops as the RELIABILITY
smartphones, macintosh
workbased computer of computer using apple silicon,
choice - the quality due to which the
user can stay dependable on raspberry pi
- are portable computers that
the computer
integrate the display, keyboard, OPERATING SYSTEM
a pointing device or trackball, - computers don’t get tired
processor, memory and hard - Developing and managing
ADAPTABILITY software with support for a
drive all in a battery-operated
package slightly larger than an - the quality to complete a variety of hardware
average hardcover book different type of tasks: simple - OIS (Operating System) the
as well as complex program that, after being
DESKTOP initially loaded into a computer
STORAGE by a boot program, manages all
- easily recognized by its large the other application programs
terminal box - the ability of the computer to in a computer
store data in itself for - EXAMPLES: Apple MacOS,
THE ALL-POWERFUL
accessing it again in future Microsoft Windows, Google’s
PERSONAL COMPUTER
Android OS
- personal computer (PC) defines
LIMITATIONS OF
COMPUTER CLIENT/SERVER
a computer designed for
general use by a single person - a network setup that utilizes
LACK OF COMMON-SENSE
- an iMac is definitely a PC client hardware devices and
- were first known as - one of the major limitations servers
microcomputers of computer systems. - EXAMPLES: Domain Name
- No matter how efficient, fast System (DNS), File Transfer
USES OF COMPUTER and reliable computer systems Protocol, Web Browser/Web
might be but yet do not have Server
1. IN HOME any common sense because no
- distance learning, e-commerce, full proof algorithm has been MOBILE PLATFORM
music, movies, and much more designed to programme logic
2. IN HOSPITALS into them - Those that allow software
- create a database of patients and services to be run on
with their treatment and ZERO IQ devices
medicine records. - EXAMPLES: Iphone,
- They are unable to see and Blackberry, Windows Mobile
3. IN EDUCATION
think the actions to perform in
- important to teach students a particular situation unless CLOUD PLATFORM
digitally and creatively with that situation is already
data visualization programmed into them - For developing, deploying and
4. IN BUSINESS managing cloud infrastructure,
- made it easier to run, manage, LACK OF DECISION-MAKING software and services
and grow business - Refers to the operating system
- Decision-making is a and hardware of a server in
5. IN BANKING
complicated process involving an Internet-based data center
- to store customer data, process information, knowledge, - EXAMPLES: Gmail,
money deposit, and withdrawal intelligence, wisdom, and Facebook, Dropbox
requests ability to judge
- they do not possess all the PLATFORM AS A SERVICE
CAPABILITIES OF
essentials of decision making
COMPUTER - A cloud computing model
DIFFERENT PLATFORMS where a third-party provider
SPEED delivers hardware and
OF COMPUTER
software tools to users all
- the duration computer system over the Internet
requires in fulfilling a task or PLATFORM
- EXAMPLES: Google Cloud,
completing an activity - a toolset for building Microsoft Azure, IBM Cloud
- Today, computers are capable technology services
of doing 100 million - typically includes APIs and FIRST PLATFORM
calculations per second and
user interfaces
that is why the industry has - Mainframe computing
developed Million Instructions - 1950s
per Second (MIPS) as the
SECOND PLATFORM - displays all the icons, text, images, etc. languages such as C++, Java,
over a screen Python, etc.
- 1980s
Projector APPS AND APPLICATION
THIRD PLATFORM
- receives data from a computer and - Apps, web apps, online apps,
- Internet displays, or projects, that information applications - all these terms
as text and images onto a surface, like describe software that we use to
a wall or screen accomplish various types of tasks

Speakers - complex programs designed to be used

with a mouse and keyboard
- receives sound data from a computer
and plays the sounds for users to hear - A WEB BROWSER is an example of
an application program; you can use it
Printer to navigate the web, download files,
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
- a device which makes a copy of the play videos, send and receive email,
INPUT DEVICES chat with friends, check the
pictorial or textual content, usually
- sends an information to a over a paper is called a printer weather, look up directions, print a
computer system for map, perform banking transactions,
Headphones make online purchases, and the list
processing
- a piece of equipment or goes on and on
- they perform the same function as a
hardware which helps us enter speaker, the only difference is the
data into a computer is called PROGRAMS
frequency of sound
an input device
INPUT AND OUTPUT - developed to run on single platform or
- only allow for input of data to
specific platform for which it is designed.
a computer
- can receive data from users, or
- Programs do not require app to
Keyboard and Mouse- another device(input), and
operate.
send data to another device
- accepts inputs from a user and (output). - collection of instructions executed by
sends that data (input) to the computer
computer USB Flash Drive
- used to provide ability to computer and
Microphone - receives or saves data from a
user to perform specific tasks on
computer (input).
- received sounds generated by computer
an input source and sends that - Also, the device sends data to a
computer or another device(output). APPLICATIONS
sounds to a computer.

Webcam Digital Camera - developed to run on more than single

platform such as mobile device, pc,
- receives images generated by - may be considered both an input and other electronic devices, etc.
whatever it is pointed at (input) output device, as it can both take
and sends those images to a pictures(input) and send them to your - App requires programs to operate
computer computer (output).
- designed for end users
Joystick CD-RW Drive and DVD-RW Drive
- used to allow user to perform various
- a device which comprises a - it receives data from a computer coordinated activities, functions,
stick which is attached at an (input), to copy onto a writable CD or operations
angle to the base so that it can DVD (output) to a computer
be moved and controlled WORD PROCESSING
SD Card
APPLICATION
Scanner
- short for secure digital card
- enables you to create, edit, save,
- this device can scan image or format and print documents.
- one of the more common types of
text and convert it into a digital memory cards used with electronics
signal - allow you to insert pictures and other
PROGRAMS and APPLICATIONS objects.
OUTPUT DEVICES
- A Computer program is a - create letters, memos, invoices, faxes,
- a device that can receive data sequence or set of instructions in a
from another device and articles, and sometimes basic Web pages,
programming language for a computer to newsletters, forms, brochures, or flyers
generate output with that execute
data, but it cannot send data
POPULAR WORD PROCESSING
to another device - One component of software, which
APPLICATIONS INCLUDE:
- a piece of equipment or also includes documentation and other
hardware which gives out the intangible components. MICROSOFT WORD
results of the filtered input,
once it is processed - computer program in its human-
- by Microsoft.
readable form is called source code
Monitor
- set of instructions that are - a word processing application
- receives data from a computer and developed to work in single platform that you can use to type and format
displays that information as text and and usually written by computer text and images for a variety of
images for users to view programmer in programming
documents. Advanced features help you for trends or patterns, a spreadsheet is a VIDEO EDITING
create tables, indices, and outlines. good choice
- refers to the process of
WORD PERFECT - provide the ability to inform, and are manipulating video images
very useful to sort, find, manage, filter
- by Corel. and manipulate large amounts of data - ADOBE PREMIER PRO
- one of the first highly successful word MICROSOFT EXCEL - SONY VEGAS PRO - BY
processors for DOS and Windows
based systems, SONY CREATIVE SOFTWARE.
QUATTRO PRO - By Corel.
- has also been available for a wide
- IMOVIE - BY APPLE.
variety of operating systems.

PAGES FOR MAC

- by Apple. GRAPHIC DESIGN

- a powerful word processor that you - is the process of communicating

can use to create documents on Mac through visual elements such as
and on iOS devices. Design tools allow typography, color, space, and images. PRESENTATION PROGRAMS
you to create charts, tables, bi-directional
- Graphic designers use various methods - allows you to share information in
text and more
to create and combine words, symbols, a form of a slide show.
DESKTOP PUBLISHING (DTP) and images to create a visual
PROGRAM representation of ideas and messages. - MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

- enables you to manipulate large GRAPHIC DESIGN SOFTWARE - KEYNOTE FOR MAC - BY
amounts of text and graphics that APPLE.
require a specialized page layout or - is used to create page layouts,
structure, and then send the finished logos, branding, posters, billboards, WEB APPS
product to be printed by a dedicated web site graphics and more
- are applications (both the
printing service.
- ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR lightweight and the more complex
- You might also use a desktop variety) that run on the World
publishing application to - ADOBE PHOTOSHOP Wide Web.
create a multi-color magazine or
newspaper - MICROSOFT PAINT / FRESH - do not run directly on a device nor
PAINT do they require installation; they are
MICROSOFT PUBLISHER
accessed over the Internet
- produced by Microsoft and included in
some Microsoft Office suites - Microsoft calls their web apps
WEB DEVELOPMENT
"online apps," and some users refer
- Publisher is an easy to use, lightweight - programs automate much of the to web apps as software as a service
alternative to professional layout process and help you keep your (SaaS)
software such as Adobe In Design or
images, pages, and other elements - MICROSOFT ONEDRIVE
QuarkXPress, and is well suited for
home users and small businesses.
organized and accessible.

- includes typography tools and a large - Most web development tools

selection of templates. provide a WYSIWYG (what-you- GOOGLE DRIVE
see-is-what-you-get) environment
ADOBE INDESIGN GOOGLE DOCS
and write and apply the appropriate
- produced by Adobe Systems. web markup code automatically as an online word processor that lets
users apply formats and styles you create and format text
- can be used to create posters, flyers, with a toolbar. documents and collaborate with
brochures, magazines, newspapers,
other people in real time
and books - allow you to layout pages, insert
text and images, add hyperlinks and GOOGLE SHEETS
- can also publish content suitable for
tablet devices in conjunction with Adobe alternative text, use styles in
cascading styles sheets, link to - an online presentation app that
Digital Publishing Suite
databases, and insert audio and video lets you create and edit slides, and
- QUARKXPRESS clips. insert images and video.

- SCRIBUS - ADOBE DREAMWEAVER GOOGLE SLIDES

SPREADSHEET PROGRAMS - MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO - an online spreadsheet app that lets
you create and format spreadsheets
- perform mathematical calculations,
- MICROSOFT WEB MATRIX and simultaneously work with other
help you analyze data, and produce
graphs, charts, and diagrams. If you need people
to track numbers or analyze information
LOCAL APPS
- are installed on a device and run ITUNESU use this app to access - facilitate the streaming and
directly on that device. free educational content right on playing of audio content on your
your iPad, iPhone or iPod Touch. device.
- are designed to run on specific
devices, and are written for specific AUDIBLE provides spoken
operating system audiobooks, radio, and TV
CREATIVITY APPS magazines and newspapers. audio
- IOS entertainment through digital
- are those that allow you to be
- WINDOWS creative or to use tools in a creative programs
manner. ITUNES MUSIC use this app to
- ANDROID
AFTERLIGHT this is an image access Apple's streaming music
PRODUCTIVITY/ editing app that can shoot and edit catalog and stream songs to your
COMMUNICATION APPS images with this photo editor app device.
GMAIL - a digital assistant also ADOBE LIGHTROOM is a SPOTIFY use this app to stream
referred to as a predictive chatbot creative image organization and music from a library of over
image manipulation software 20.000 songs. There are free and
GOOGLE HANGOUTS - is a
developed by Adobe Inc. as part of subscription-based versions of the
unified communications service
the Creative Cloud subscription app, and both include a radio feature
that lets you participate in text
family. that creates a random playlist of
messaging, voice and video chats.
songs chosen based on specified
LINE - is a communications CANVA is a graphic design genres and decades.
application that lets you exchange platform, used to create social
media graphics, presentations, PANDORA use this app to stream
texts, images, video and audio, and
posters, documents and other visual "radio station style" music from
conduct free phone calls and video
content. Pandora's servers. You create
conferences.
"custom radio stations" by
SKYPE - it is used to exchange selecting genres of music, artists,
texts, images, video and audio, and albums and even specific songs.
SOCIAL MEDIA
conduct free phone calls and video
Use VIDEO APPS to stream video
conferences. - (or social networking) sites are
content on your device including
web sites you can join to connect
TELEGRAM - is a freemium, desktop PCs, tablets, phones, game
with people and share pictures,
cross-platform, cloud-based instant consoles, and Internet-enabled
video, or text about yourself, your
messaging service. The service also televisions (smart TVs).
interests, and your thoughts.
provides optional end-to-end
HULU use this app to stream TV
encrypted chats and video calling FACEBOOK - use this app to log in
shows, clips, movies and other
and file sharing. to your Facebook account and view
streaming media from Hulu.com
your page and other people's pages,
to post comments, view notifications, NETFLIX use this app to stream
CONTENT APPS and so on. movies and TV shows which offers
Internet video-streaming service to
- aggregate news and information INSTAGRAM - is a social
users in over 40 countries.
and present them to you on your networking app designed for
device whenever you launch the app. sharing photos and videos from YOUTUBE use this app to view,
a smartphone. Everyone who rate, share, upload and comment on
CNN brings news headlines, alerts creates an account has a profile and a videos on the video sharing web
and stories to your mobile device. news feed, and when you post a site.
photo or video, it will be displayed
FOX NEWS also brings news HBO Go was the authenticated
on your profile.
headlines, stories and video clips to video on demand of the pay
your device. TWITTER - use this app to log into television service HBO
your Twitter account. You use
GOOGLE displays local weather Mobile Applications are
Twitter to send and read short 140-
and traffic conditions and news Used More Than
character messages called "tweets"
headlines, Websites
Registered users can read and post
WIKIPEDIA MOBILE use this app tweets, and unregistered users can There are About 5
to view Wikipedia articles on your only read them Million Applications
phone or tablet. Apps are available Available to Download.
for Android, iOS, Windows, and
FireFox OS AUDIO APPS