CONSTRUCTION OF DOMESTIC SWIMMING

POOL
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL
DESIGN

Location: BUSANZA ,KANOMBE SECTOR ,RUBURUZI CELL,

KICUKIRO DISTRICT

Plot No: 1/03/05/04/4196

Owner: NYIRABUHORO FATOUMA FANNY

Date: JUNE 2024

 Page 1 of 16

1. Introduction
The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being designed will
perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they should sustain
all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have adequate durability and
resistance to the effects of misuse and fire.

Once the building form and structural arrangement have been finalized the design problem consists of
the following:
1. Idealization of the structure into loadbearing frames and elements for analysis and design
2. Estimation of loads
3. Analysis to determine the maximum moments, thrusts and shears for design
4. Design of sections and reinforcement arrangements for slabs, beams, columns and walls using the
results from 3
5. Production of arrangement and detail drawings and bar schedules

This structural design process has been carried out under use of BS8110 design code of practice.
Especially, computations have been made by use of BS 8110 based spreadsheets; publication produced
by the Reinforced Concrete Council (RCC) as part of its project 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS
8110 and EC2'.
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1. NOTATIONS
The symbolic notation used in this project is in accordance with the BS code of practice. Other symbols not
defined here, have been defined alongside the particular place where they have been applied.

A: cross section area Qk: imposed load

Asmin: minimum required reinforcement section S: spacing of shear reinforcement

B: width of foundation footing, Beam V: shear force in concrete section

b: width reinforced concrete section Øt: shear reinforcement diameter

bf : width of flange in a beam Ø: reinforcementdiameter

bw : width of web of a flanged a beam B.S: British standard

C: cover C.P: Code of Practice

d: effective depth of tensile reinforcement RC: Reinforced concrete

H: depth of foundation m.f: modification factor

fcu: characteristic yield strength of concrete at

28 days

fy: characteristic yield strength of steel

GK: dead load

h: overall depth of a concrete section

hf: thickness of flange in a T-beam

L: span length

lx : short-span length

ly: long-span length

M: bending moment

p: perimeter

qadm: bearing pressure

 Page 3 of 16

2. ASSUMPTIONS
Design standards used

Design standard used to determine section of steel bars of different structural elements of concerned building are
BS 8110

Unities
Volumetric load: kN/m3
Surface load: kN/m2
Linear load: kN/m
Point load: kN

Dead loads

Roof structure: 1.5kN/m2

Reinforced concrete: 25kN/m3
Finishes: 1.0kN/m2
Masonry in burnt bricks: 18kN/m3
Coating in cement mortar: 20kN/m3
Masonry in cement blocks: 13.5kN/m3

Imposed load or live load

Residential building: 3kN/m2

Cover conditions

Slabs, beams and columns [mild condition]: 20mm

Foundation pads [moderate condition]: 40mm

Soil characteristics

Sandy-gravel subsoil of unit weight: 18kN/m3

Allowable bearing pressure: 300 kN/ m2

Mix proportions [BS 5328-2]

 Page 4 of 16

Mix ratio: 350 kg/ m3

Elasticity limit for construction materials

Strength of reinforcement:
 Hot rolled mild steel: 250 N/mm2
 High yield steel (hot rolled or cold worked): 420 N/mm2
Concrete ƒck: 25N/mm2

Partial safety magnification factors

For dead load: 1.4

For live load: 1.6
Basic span-effective depth ration: 26
 Page 5 of 16

2. Geotechnical Design Data

2.1 Site Condition and Recommendation
Since there is no available information about the site condition, the soil bearing capacity shall be
assumed 300kN/m2. The foundation designs will be verified against the data and
recommendations received from the soil investigations.

3. Design Criteria
3.1 Design Loading
3.1.1 Dead Load
The following densities and dead load allowances will be adopted in the design of the
structural elements:
Density of Reinforced Concrete 25.0 kN/m3
Density of Unreinforced Concrete 23.0 kN/m3
Density of Soil 20.0 kN/m3
Submerged Density of Concrete 10 KN/m3
Submerged Density of Soil 10 KN/m3

3.1.2 Super Imposed Load

The following super imposed dead loads shall be taken into account:

 Floor Finishes 1.5 KN/m2

 Services 1.0 KN/m2

3.1.3 Live Load

The following live loads shall be taken into account:

 Loading Bay 7.50 KN/m2

 Sand load shall be additive to live loads when area under consideration is usedas a work
area. A 0.75 kN/m2 load shall be used in design of slabs.

3.1.4 Earth Pressure

For the design of earth retaining structural elements, the earth pressure will be determined as
follows:
Ka (active earth pressure) = 1–sin ¢ / 1+sin ¢ = 0.33 (used for check of stability)

Kp (passive earth pressure) = 1+sin ¢ / 1-sin ¢ = 3.0

Ko (at rest pressure) = 1-sin ¢ = 0.50 (used for design of section)

Where ¢ is angle of internal friction, and it is equal to 30 º.

 Page 6 of 16

3.2 Load Combinations

3.2.1 Ultimate Limit State

Ultimate Limit State Combinations

ULS_01 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL + 1.2 EP + 1.4 WP + 1.2 T

3.2.2 Serviceability Limit State

SLS_01 1.0 DL + 1.0 LL + 1.0 EP + 1.0 WP + 1.0 T

Legend:
DL Dead Load
LL Live/Imposed
EP Earth Pressure
WP Water Pressure
T Uniform Temperature

3.3 Materials
All materials shall conform to the applicable standards as stated herein or as specified in the
performance specification.

3.3.1 Concrete
The following concrete grades and properties shall be used:

Concrete Grade Structural Element Characteristic Modulus of Elasticity

Strength fcu

C40/20 All Structural Elements 40 N/mm2 28 KN/mm2

C20/20 Blinding / Mass Concrete 20 N/mm2 20 KN/mm2

3.3.2 Reinforcing Steel

Hot rolled reinforcement to BS 4449: 1997 will be specified with the following properties:

Type Designation Yield Strength Modulus of Elasticity

Mild Steel R 250 N/mm2 200 KN/mm2

High Yield Deformed Type 2 T 460 N/mm2 200 KN/mm2

 Page 7 of 16

3.4 Concrete Cover

Element Exposure Min. Cover

Raft Earth Faces 75mm

Other Faces 50mm

Retaining Walls Earth Faces Exposed 60mm

to Weather 40mm

Water Tank Walls Water Faces 50mm

Other Faces 40mm

3.5 Crack Control

For retaining aqueous liquids structures a maximum crack width of 0.20 mm shall be
adopted; crack width shall be calculated to BS8007.

3.6 Codes and Standards

BS 8007 Design of Concrete Structures for Retaining Aqueous Liquids BS

8110 Structural Use of Concrete

BD 28 Early Thermal Cracking in Concrete

 Page 8 of 16

4. Design of Vertical Wall & Base Slab

The maximum water depth = 1.40 m.
The water pressure = 10 * 1.40 = 14.0 kN/m’

Service Moment due to water pressure = 0.50 * 14 * 1.40 * 1.40 / 3

= 4.57 kN.m
Ultimate Moment due to water pressure = 1.40 * 4.57
= 6.43 kN.m

The maximum wall height = 1.60 m.

The at rest earth pressure due to soil = 0.50 * 20 * 1.60 = 16.0 kN/m’
The at rest earth pressure due to surcharge = 0.50 * 7.50 = 3.75 kN/m’
Service Moment due to earth pressure = 0.50 * 16.0 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 3 +
3.75 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 2
Service Moment due to earth pressure = 6.90 + 4.80
= 11.70 kN.m
Ultimate Moment due to earth pressure = 1.20 * 11.70
= 14.00 kN.m
Ground water table is lower the base slab so NO bending moment on the base slab due to the
water weight.
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 Page 10 of 16

Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section According to BS8110

Structural Design of Swimming Pools Part Title:- Design of Vertical Wall

1. Factored Bending Moments ( Kn,m ) Notations :

M ULT 14 Kn.m M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.

2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel

fcu 40 N/mm2 fcu = Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).
fy 420 N/mm2 fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.
b 1000 mm b = Width of rectangular section.
h 360 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 290 mm d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.
As (T16-175) 1142 mm2 As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.

3. Steps of Design
z 276 mm z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.
Mu1 115 Kn.m Mu1 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (1).
Mu2 505 Kn.m Mu2 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (2).

Mu capacity 115 Kn.m Mu = The ultimate resistance moment.

As min. 540 mm2

Mu capacity > Mult As provided is OK

As provided > As min. As provided is OK
 Page 11 of 16

Calculation of Crack Width According to BS 8110

( Considering Stiffening Effect of The Concrete in Tension Zone ) Structural Design of
Swimming Pools Part Title :- Design of Vertical Wall

1. Service Bending Moment ( Kn.m ) Notations :

M DL 6.90 Kn.m M DL = Service bending moment due to dead load.
M LL 4.80 Kn.m M LL = Service bending moment due to live load.

2. Properties of Materials
Fcu 40 N/mm2 Fcu = Characteristic concrete cube strength.
Es 210000 N/mm2 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
Allowable Crack Width 0.20 mm

3. Properties of Section
b 1000 mm b = Width of section.
h 360 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 290 mm d = Effective depth to tension reinforcement.

As 1142 mm2 As = Area of tension reinforcement.

 16 mm  = Bar diameter.
s 175 mm s = Spacing between steel bars.
Cnom 50 mm Cnom = Clear Nominal cover.

4. Calculations of crack width

Ec 34000 N/mm2 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete.
n 12.35 n = Es / (0.50*Ec)
dc 77.44 mm dc = depth of concrete in compression. Inv
7.922E+08 mm4 Inv = Moment of inertia of cracked section. M
11.70 Kn.m M = Total service bending moment.

s 38.78 N/mm2 s = Stress in tensile reinforcement.

s 1.85E-04 s = Strain in tensile reinforcement.
1 2.45E-04 1 = Strain in concrete at tensile zone
neg. concrete effect in tension.

m 0.00E+00 m = Strain in tensile reinforcement at tensile z one

Taking Stiffening of concrete in tension.
acr 96.98 mm acr = distance from the crack point considered
to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar.

Crack width = ( 3 * acr * c ) / (1 + 2 * ( acr-Cnom ) / ( h-dc )) = 0.000 mm

Safe of crack width
 Page 12 of 16

Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section

According to BS 8110
Structural Design of Swimming Pools
Part Title :- Design of Base Slab

1. Factored Bending Moments ( Kn,m ) Notations :

M ULT 14 Kn.m M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.

2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel

fcu 40 N/mm2 fcu = Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).
fy 420 N/mm2 fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.
b 1000 mm b = Width of rectangular section.
h 250 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 170 mm d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.
As (T12-175) 645 mm2 As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.

3. Steps of Design
z 162 mm z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.
Mu1 38 Kn.m Mu1 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (1).
Mu2 173 Kn.m Mu2 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (2).

Mu capacity 38 Kn.m Mu = The ultimate resistance moment.

As min. 375 mm2

Mu capacity > Mult As provided is OK

As provided > As min. As provided is OK
 Calculation of Crack Width According to BS 8110
( Considering Stiffening Effect of The Concrete in Tension Zone )
Structural Design of Swimming Pools
Part Title :- Design of Base Slab

1. Service Bending Moment ( Kn.m ) Notations :

M DL 6.90 Kn.m M DL = Service bending moment due to dead load.
M LL 4.80 Kn.m M LL = Service bending moment due to live load.

2. Properties of Materials
Fcu 40 N/mm2 Fcu = Characteristic concrete cube strength.
Es 210000 N/mm2 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
Allowable Crack Width 0.20 mm

3. Properties of Section
b 1000 mm b = Width of section.
h 250 mm h = Overall depth of section.
d 170 mm d = Effective depth to tension reinforcement.

As 645 mm2 As = Area of tension reinforcement.

 12 mm  = Bar diameter.
s 175 mm s = Spacing between steel bars.
Cnom 50 mm Cnom = Clear Nominal cover.

4. Calculations of crack width

Ec 34000 N/mm2 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete.
n 12.35 n = Es / (0.50*Ec)
dc 44.69 mm dc = depth of concrete in compression. Inv
1.549E+08 mm4 Inv = Moment of inertia of cracked section. M
11.70 Kn.m M = Total service bending moment.

s 116.95 N/mm2 s = Stress in tensile reinforcement.

s 5.57E-04 s = Strain in tensile reinforcement.
1 9.12E-04 1 = Strain in concrete at tensile zone
neg. concrete effect in tension.

m 4.21E-04 m = Strain in tensile reinforcement at tensile z one

Taking Stiffening of concrete in tension.
acr 97.89 mm acr = distance from the crack point considered
to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar.

Crack width = ( 3 * acr * c ) / (1 + 2 * ( acr-Cnom ) / ( h-dc )) = 0.084 mm

Safe of crack width
5. Check of Early Thermal Cracking
Early thermal cracking shall be checked according to BD28.

As = ( fct / fb ) * Ac *  * [R (sh + th) - 0.5 * ult ] / ( 2 * w ) clause 5.3

fct / fb = 0.67 clause 5.4.
Ac = 250 * 1000 = 250000 mm2. Gross area of section.

 = 12 mm bar size.
R = 0.50 Restraint Factor
ult = 0.0002 clause 5.3

sh = 0.0001 clause 5.6

th = 0.80 *  * (T1 + T2) clause 5.7

th = 0.80 * 0.000012 * (30 + 20) = 0.00048
w = 0.20 allowable crack width
As required = 0.67 * 250000 * 12 * [ 0.50 * (0.0001 + 0.00048) - 0.5 * 0.0002 ] / ( 2 * 0.20 )

As required = 955 mm2.

As provided = T12-175 at Top & Bottom Surface = 2 * 113 / 0.175

As provided = 1290 mm2 > As required OK

 6. Check Soil Bearing Capacity
Thickness of Plain concrete Slab = 0.10 m.
Thickness of Reinforced Base Slab = 0.20 m.
The maximum water depth = 2.40 m.
Pressure on soil due to base slab and water = 0.075 * 23 + 0.20 * 25 + 2.40 * 10
= 21.975 kN/m2.
Assuming the vertical wall weight shall acting on 1.00m width of base slab.
Weight of vertical wall = 0.36 * 1.60 * 25 = 14.40 kN/m’

Total pressure on the soil = 21.98 + 14.40

= 36.38 kN/m2 < soil Bearing =300Kn/m2

Done at KIGALI on the 19 JUNE 2024

By Eng BARIRIMANA MUTIEN MARIE

REG # A305/EC/IER/2015