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Buddhism M

Buddhism

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
65 views38 pages

Buddhism M

Buddhism

Uploaded by

Shambu S Vtk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Buddhism

• Gautama Budhha, founder of


Buddhism, was born in 563 BC
(widely accepted), on the vaisakha
Purnima day at Lumbinivana
(Rummindehi District, Nepal) in the
Sakya Kshatriya clan./ बौद्ध धर्म के
संस्थापक गौतर् बुद्ध का जन्म 563 ईसा
पूर्म (व्यापक रूप से स्वीकृत) र्ें शाक्य
क्षत्रिय र्ंश र्ें लुम्बित्रिर्िा (रुम्बििदे ही
त्रजला, िेपाल) र्ें र्ैशाख पूत्रणम र्ा के त्रदि
हुआ था।
• His father suddhodhana was the
republican king of Kapilvastu and
• After his mother’s early death, he
was brought up by his step mother
and aunt mahaprajapati Gautami./
उिकी र्ााँ की र्ृत्यु के बाद, उिका
पालि-पोषण उिकी सौतेली र्ााँ और
र्ौसी र्हाप्रजापत्रत गौतर्ी िे त्रकया।
• Four sights – an old man, a diseased
person, a dead body and an ascetic
– proved to be a turning point in his
carrier./ चार दृश्य - एक बूढा व्यम्बि,
एक रोगी व्यम्बि, एक र्ृत शरीर और
एक सन्यासी - उसके र्ाहक र्ें एक
र्हत्वपूणम र्ोड़ सात्रबत हुए।
Great Events of Buddha’s Life Symbols
Jamma (Birth) Lotus and Bull
Mahabhinishkramana Horse
(Renunciation)
Nirvana/Sambodhi Bodhi tree
(Enlightenment)
Dharmachkra pravartana (first Wheel
Sermon)
• At the age of 35, under a pipal tree
at Uruvella (Bodh Gaya) on the bank
of river Niranjana (modern name
Falgu) he attained Nirvana
(enlightenment) after 49 days of
continuous meditation; now he was
a fully enlightened (Buddha or
Tathagat)./ 35 र्षम की आयु र्ें,
त्रिरं जिा िदी (आधुत्रिक िार् फल्गु) के
तट पर उरुर्ेला (बोधगया) र्ें एक पीपल
के पेड़ के िीचे उन्ोंिे 49 त्रदिों के
त्रिरं तर ध्याि के बाद त्रिर्ामण (ज्ञाि) प्राप्त
त्रकया; अब र्ह पूरी तरह से प्रबुद्ध (बुद्ध
• Buddha delivered his first sermon at
Sarnath (Dear park) to his five
disciples, this is known as
Dharmachakra pravartana (Turning of
the wheel of law)./ बुद्ध िे अपिा पहला
उपदे श अपिे पांच त्रशष्ों को सारिाथ
(त्रियर पाकम) र्ें त्रदया था, इसे धर्मचक्र
प्रर्तमि (कािूि का पत्रहया घूर्िा) के िार्
से जािा जाता है ।
• He died at the age of 80 in 483 BC at
Kushinagar (identical with the village
Kasia in Kushinagar district of U.P.).
This is known as mahaparinirvana
(Final Blowing out)./ उिका 80 र्षम की
Triratna i.e. Three Jwels of
Buddhism
1. Buddha (the enlightened)/ बुद्ध
(प्रबुद्ध)
2. Dharma (doctrine)/ धर्म (त्रसद्धांत)
3. Sangha (commune)/ संघ
(सर्ुदाय)
Buddhist C. Year Venue Chairman Patron
1st Buddhist 483 BC Saptaparni Mahakassapa Ajatashatru
Council Cave, Rajgriha
2nd Buddhist 383 BC Chullavanga Sabbakami Kalashoka
Council Vaishali (Shisunaga
Dynasty)
3rd Buddhist 250 BC Ashokarama Mogaliputta Ashoka
Council Vihar, Tissa (Maurya
Patliputra Dynasty)
4th Buddhist 98 AD Kundala Vana, Chairman- Kanishka
Council Kashmir Vasumitra Vice (Kushana
chairman- Dynasty)
Ashvaghosa
Buddhist Literature/ बौद्ध सात्रहत्य
a. Tripitaka/ त्रित्रपटक
b. Vinay Pitaka/ त्रर्िय त्रपटक
c. Sutta Pitaka/ सुत्त त्रपटक
d. Abhidhamma Pitaka/ अत्रिधि त्रपटक
e. Milindapanho/ त्रर्त्रलंदपन्ो
f. Dipavamsha/ दीपर्ंश
g. Mahavamsha/ दीपर्ंश
Sects of Buddhism/ बौद्ध धर्म की
धाराएाँ
Jainism
• Jainas believe in 24 tirthankaras or
great teachers or leaders of their
religion./ जैि 24 तीथंकरों या अपिे धर्म
के र्हाि त्रशक्षकों या िेताओं र्ें त्रर्श्वास
करते हैं ।
• Rishabhdeva is believed to be the
first tirthankara by the Jainas. He
was also known as Adinath./
ऋषिदे र् को जैत्रियों द्वारा पहला
तीथंकर र्ािा जाता है । उन्ें आत्रदिाथ
के िार् से िी जािा जाता था।
• The twenty third Tirthankara,
Parshvanth was the son of Ikshvku
• Rishabhdeva and Arishtanemi are
mentioned in the Rigveda./ ऋषिदे र्
और अररष्टिेत्रर् का उल्लेख ऋग्वेद र्ें
त्रर्लता है ।
• The twenty-fourth tirthankara was
Vardhamana Mahavira./ चौबीसर्ें
तीथंकर र्धमर्ाि र्हार्ीर थे।
Life of Mahavira/ र्हार्ीर का जीर्ि
• Vardhamana Mahavira, was born in the
village of Kundagrama near Vaishali in
about 540 BC./ र्धमर्ाि र्हार्ीर का जन्म
लगिग 540 ईसा पूर्म र्ें र्ैशाली के त्रिकट
कुण्डग्रार् गााँर् र्ें हुआ था।
• His father Siddhartha was the chief of
Jnatrika clan./ उिके त्रपता त्रसद्धाथम जित्रिक
र्ंश के प्रर्ुख थे।
• His mother Trisala was the sister of
Chetaka, an eminent Lichchhavi noble of
Vaishali. Chetaka’s daughter in later
times was married to Bimbisara, the king
Life of Mahavira/ र्हार्ीर का जीर्ि
• He was married to Yashoda and lived a
life of householder./ उिका त्रर्र्ाह यशोदा
से हुआ था और गृहस्थ जीर्ि व्यतीत करते
थे।
• His daughter’s name was Annoja and
his son in law was Jameli./ उसकी पुिी
का िार् अन्नोजा तथा दार्ाद का िार्
जर्ली था।
• He became an ascetic at the age of 30.
During the next 12 years, he practiced
most rigorous asceticism./ र्ह 30 र्षम की
Life of Mahavira/ र्हार्ीर का जीर्ि
• In the thirteenth year, at the age of 42, he
attained Kaivalya i.e. the supreme
knowledge and final deliverance from the
bonds of pleasure and pain. Hence he
was called Kevalin./ तेरहर्ें र्षम र्ें, 42 र्षम
की आयु र्ें, उन्ोंिे कैर्ल्य अथामत् सर्ोच्च
ज्ञाि और सुख और ददम के बंधिों से अंत्रतर्
र्ुम्बि प्राप्त की। इसत्रलए उन्ें केर्त्रलि कहा
जाता था।
• He sat under a sal tree on the bank of
river Riju Palik or Riju Kala in Jambhika
Life of Mahavira/ र्हार्ीर का जीर्ि
• He was also known as Jina which
means conqueror of senses and his
followers were called Jainas./ उन्ें त्रजि
के िार् से िी जािा जाता था त्रजसका अथम है
इं त्रियों पर त्रर्जय प्राप्त करिे र्ाला और
उिके अिुयात्रययों को जैि कहा जाता था।
• He founded a Jain Sangha at Pawapuri
to propagate his faith./ उन्ोंिे अपिे
त्रर्श्वास का प्रचार करिे के त्रलए पार्ापुरी र्ें
एक जैि संघ की स्थापिा की।
• He died in 468 BC at the age of 72 at
Teachings of Jainism
• Five Cardinal Truths of Jainism are/ जैि धर्म के पााँच र्ूलिूत
सत्य हैं :

1. Ahimsa (non-injury to living beings)/ अत्रहं सा (जीर्ों को क्षत्रत


ि पहुाँ चािा)
2. Satya (speaking the truth)/ सत्य (सच बोलिे र्ाला)
3. Asteya (non-stealing)/ अस्तेय (चोरी ि करिे र्ाला)
4. Aparigraha (non-possession of property)/ अपररग्रह (संपत्रत्त
का ि होिा)
5. Brahmacharya (continence or celibacy)/ ब्रह्मचयम (संयर् या
ब्रह्मचयम)
The triratnas of Jainism

1. Samyaka Jnana (Right knowledge)/ सम्यक ज्ञाि (सही ज्ञाि)


2. Samyaka Vichara (Right thought)/ सम्यक त्रर्चार (सही
त्रर्चार)
3. Samyaka Karma (Right action)/ सम्यक कर्म (सही त्रक्रया)
• Jainism says that souls are everywhere even in stones,
rocks, water, etc./ जैि धर्म कहता है त्रक पत्थर, चट्टाि, पािी
आत्रद र्ें िी आत्मा हर जगह है ।
• Philosophy of Jainism is called Syadvada which literally
means ‘theory of may be’. It says that there is no absolute
answer to a question./ जैि धर्म के दशमि को स्याद्वाद कहा जाता
है त्रजसका शाम्बिक अथम है 'हो सकता है का त्रसद्धां त'। यह कहता
है त्रक त्रकसी प्रश्न का कोई पूणम उत्तर िही ं होता है ।
• Jainism did not believe in god./ जैि धर्म ईश्वर र्ें त्रर्श्वास िही ं
करता था।
• Sallekhna is an orthodox Jaina tradition in which a person
accepts voluntary death by fasting./ सल्लेखिा एक रूत्रढर्ादी
जैि परं परा है त्रजसर्ें एक व्यम्बि उपर्ास करके स्वैम्बिक र्ृत्यु को
Selects in Jainism
• It is believed that about two hundred years after the death
of Mahavira a terrible famine broke out in Magadha./ ऐसा
र्ािा जाता है त्रक र्हार्ीर की र्ृत्यु के लगिग दो सौ साल बाद
र्गध र्ें ियािक अकाल पड़ा।
• Chandragupta Maurya was the king and Bhadrabahu was
the chief of Jaina community at that time./ चंिगुप्त र्ौयम उस
सर्य के राजा थे और ििबाहु जैि सर्ुदाय के प्रर्ुख थे।
• Chandragupta and Bhadrabahu, along with their followers
went to Karnataka leaving Sthulabahu incharge of the
Jainas that remained in Magadha./ चंिगुप्त और ििबाहु,
अपिे अिुयात्रययों के साथ र्गध र्ें रहिे र्ाले जैिों के स्थूलबाहु को
Selects in Jainism
• The Jains who went to Karnataka
were called Digambaras (those who
were stark naked) and the Magadhan
Jainas were called Shvetambaras
(those who put on white robes)./
किामटक जािे र्ाले जैिों को त्रदगंबर (जो
त्रबल्कुल िग्न थे) और र्गध जैिों को
श्वेतांबर (जो सफेद र्स्त्र पहिते हैं ) कहा
जाता था।
• Digambaras observed the tenets of
Jainism very strictly while the
Jaina Literature
• Jaina literature was first written in Prakrit and later in
Sanskrit./ जैि सात्रहत्य पहले प्राकृत और बाद र्ें संस्कृत र्ें त्रलखा
गया था।
• Purvas literature is almost lost. Later literature consists of 12
angas, 12 upangas, 10 prakirnas, 6 chhedsutras an d 4
mulasutras./ पूर्ामसा सात्रहत्य लगिग लुप्त हो गया है । बाद के
सात्रहत्य र्ें 12 अंग, 12 उपांग, 10 प्रत्रकणम , 6 छे दसूि और 4 र्ूलसूि
शात्रर्ल हैं ।
• Purvas were 14 in number./ पूर्ों की संख्या 14 थी।
• Kalpasutra ws written by Bhadrabahu./ कल्पसूि ििबाहु द्वारा
त्रलम्बखत है ।

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