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General Introduction of Bihar
Bihar spans a total area of 94,163 square kilometers (36,357 square miles), boasting an
average elevation of 173 feet (53 meters) above sea level. It is surrounded by Nepal to the
north, Jharkhand to the south, West Bengal to the east, and Uttar Pradesh to the west.
Geographically and structurally, Bihar can be divided into three regions: the Southern Plateau,
the Shivalik Region, and the Gangetic Plain. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which
flows from west to east.
Three main cultural regions converge in the state: Magadh, Mithila, and Bhojpur. Bihar is also
the world’s fourth-most populous sub-national entity.
On November 15, 2000, southern Bihar was separated to establish the new state of Jharkhand.
A 2020 report indicates that merely 11.27% of Bihar's population resides in urban areas.
Furthermore, nearly 58% of Biharis are under the age of 25, rendering Bihar the Indian state
with the highest proportion of young individuals. Hindi serves as the official language, sharing
official status with Urdu, while other languages like Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri, among several
others, are also commonly spoken.
The fertile Bihar Plain, a vast expanse, is bisected by the Ganges River into two distinct
sections – North Bihar and South Bihar. The west-to-east flow of the Ganges, along with its
tributaries, periodically inundates parts of the Bihar plain. Notable northern tributaries include
the Gandak and Koshi, originating in the Nepalese Himalayas, and the Bagmati, originating in
the Kathmandu Valley.
Additional tributaries include the Son, Budhi Gandak, Chandan, Orhani, and Phalgu. Bihar
features some minor elevations, such as the Rajgir Hills in the central region, the Kaimur Range
in the southwest, and the Shivalik Range in the north.
The sub-Himalayan foothills of the Shivalik ranges, particularly the primary Someshwar and Dun
mountains in West Champaran district, are cloaked in a belt of moist deciduous forest,
characterized by trees, brush, grasses, and reeds.
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Information Data
Date of Formation 22nd March 1912
Capital of the state Patna
Latitude of the State 24°20′ N to 27°3′ N
Longitude of the State 83°19′ E to 88°17′ E
Total Geographical Area of the State 94,163 sq km
High Court of the State Patna
Language of the State Hindi and Urdu
Length (North to South) 345 km
Length (East to West) 483 km
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Height above Sea Level (Average) 173 ft
Annual Rainfall 1158 mm
Administration in Bihar State
Information Data
Districts 38
Division 9
Sub-division 101
Blocks 534
Panchayats 8406
Zila Parishad 38
Lok Sabha Seats 40
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Rajya Sabha Seats 16
Demography in Bihar State
Information Data
Population 10,40,99,452
* Male 5,42,78,157
* Female 4,98,21,295
Sex Ratio 918
Sex Ratio (0-6 years) 935
SC Population 1,65,67,325
* Male 86,06,253
* Female 79,61,072
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SC Population (%) 15.9
ST Population 13,36,573
* Male 6,82,516
* Female 6,54,057
ST Population (%) 1.3
Total Literacy Population 5,25,04,553
* Male 3,16,08,023
* Female 2,08,96,530
Literacy rate (%) 61.8
Male Literacy Rate (%) 71.2
Female Literacy Rate (%) 51.5
