Candidate Number: ………………
MINISTRY OF HEALTH, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, GENDER, ELDERLY AND
CHILDREN
TANGANYIKA MEDICAL TRAINING BOARD
BASIC TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATE IN CLINICAL MEDICINE
(NTA LEVEL 4)
K’S ROYAL HEALTH COLLAGE
CONTINOUS ASSESMENT I
MODULE CODE: CMT04105
MODULE NAME: PATHOLOGY
TIME ALLOCATED: 2 HOURS DATE: …………………...................
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Read all instructions carefully
2. Attempt all questions
3. Answers for each section should be written in space provided in each question
4. Write your examination number on each page you use
5. Cellular phones are NOT allowed in the examination room
6. Each essay question to be answered on not more than 3 hand written pages
7. Failure to follow instructions will lead to loss of marks
8. This paper consists of five(5) sections as shown below
SECTION TYPE OF QUESTIONS MARKS ALLOCATION
A MULTIPLE CHOICE 10
B MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE 10
C MATCHING 10
D SHORT ANSWER 40
E GUIDED ESSAY 30
TOTAL 100
K's Royal College of Health Sciences NTA Level 4 Pathology Continuous Assessment Page 1
Candidate Number: ………………
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 10 MARKS
Instructions:
This section consists of ten (10) questions
There is only one correct answer
ENCIRCLE a letter preceding a correct answer
One(1) mark will be awarded for each correct answer
1. The branch of pathology that deals with organs and organ systems is called:
A. General Pathology
B. Histopathology
C. Systemic Pathology
D. Surgical Pathology
E. Forensic Pathology
2. Hypersensitivity reaction is one of the following environmental factors causing
diseases:
A. Physical Agents
B. Chemical Poisoning
C. Nutritional Deficiency
D. Infection and Infestation
E. Hypersensitivity
3. One of the following is NOT a component of cellular event of acute inflammation:
A. Leukocyte Recruitment
B. Increased Vascular Permeability
C. Leukocyte Activation
D. Phagocytosis
E. Migration
4. Opsonization as used in acute in inflammation means:
A. Coating of microbes and target them for phagocytosis
B. Phagocytosis of microbes or dead cells
C. Chemotaxis of macrophages towards affected cells
D. Exudation of protein rich fluid during acute inflammation
E. Transudation of protein less fluid during acute inflammation
5. The most important opsonins in acute inflammation is
A. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) class
B. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) class
C. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) class
D. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) class
E. Immunoglobulin C (IgC) class
K's Royal College of Health Sciences NTA Level 4 Pathology Continuous Assessment Page 2
Candidate Number: ………………
6. The patient was diagnosed with Asthma in the hospital. This is scenario best
describes:
A. Immediate Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
B. Antibody Mediated Type II hypersensitivity reaction
C. Immune Complex-Mediated (Type III) Hypersensitivity
D. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), initiated by CD4+ T cells.
E. Direct cell cytotoxicity, mediated by CD8+ T cells
7. The following components make up the Extra Cellular Matrix Except:
A. Collagens
B. Elastins
C. Fibroblast
D. Proteoglycans and hyaluronan
E. Adhesive glycoproteins
8. The most common organism responsible for more than 90% of lobar pneumonias is:
A Haemophillus Influenza
B Klabsella spps
C Staphylococci Aureus
D Streptococcus pneumoniae
E Pneumocystis jiroveci
9. On the other hand, cell-mediated immune defects lead to increased infections with
intracellular microbes such as:
A Streptococcal Pneumoniae
B Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C Mycobacterium Tuberculae
D Staphyloccoci Aureus
E Haemophillus Influenza
10. One of the following causes Atrophy
A Adequate blood supply
B Innervations of organ
C Endocrine Stimulation
D Adequate nutrition
E Aging
11.
K's Royal College of Health Sciences NTA Level 4 Pathology Continuous Assessment Page 3
Candidate Number: ………………
SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 10 MARKS
Instructions:
This section consists of four(4) questions with five(5) options each
Write the word “TRUE” and NOT letter ‘T’ for a correct statement and the word
“FALSE” NOT letter ‘F’ for incorrect statement in the space provided
All responses should be in CAPITAL letter
Half (1/2) a mark will be awarded for each correct response
Responses with letters ‘T’ and ‘F’ will not be awarded any mark
There will be a penalty of half(1/2) of allocated marks for responses with small letters
1 Stem cells are characterized by the following properties:
A. ………………... Have replicative capacity to the stable cells
B. ………………... Have self-renewal capacity
C. ………………... Have ability to enter GO phase of cell cycle
D. ………………... Have asymmetrical replication
E. ………………... Can only occur during Embryonic Life
2 The characteristic findings of asthma, collectively called ‘airway remodelling’ includes:
A. ………………... Thickening of the basement membrane of the bronchial epithelium
B. ………………... Lung collapse
C. ………………... Oedema in the bronchial walls
D. ………………... An increase in the size of the sub-mucosal glands.
E. ………………... Inflammatory infiltrate in the bronchial walls
3 The histologic spectrum of pneumonia includes:
A. ………………... A fibrinopurulent alveolar exudates
B. ………………... A Ghon's Focus seen as a result of enlarged regional lymphnodes
C. ………………... Mononuclear interstitial infiltrates
D. ………………... Lymphocytic infiltration and presence of abundant kupffers cells
E. ………………... Granulomas and cavitation
4 In the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis:
A. ………………... Atherosclerosis develops from High-density lipoprotein molecules
(HDL) becoming oxidized by free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species.
B. ………………... Elevated serum levels of LDL cholesterol overwhelm the
antioxidant properties of the healthy endothelium and result in abnormal endothelial
metabolism of this lipid moiety.
C. ………………... When oxidized LDL comes in contact with an artery wall, a series
of reactions occur to repair the damage to the artery wall caused by oxidized LDL.
D. ………………... Cholesterol can move in the bloodstream only by being transported
by lipoproteins.
E. ………………... The body's immune system responds to the damage to the artery
wall caused by oxidized HDL by sending macrophages and T-lymphocytes.
K's Royal College of Health Sciences NTA Level 4 Pathology Continuous Assessment Page 4
Candidate Number: ………………
SECTION C: MATCHING QUESTIONS 10 MARKS
Instructions:
This section consists of two (2) questions of matching with five (5) options each
Match the items from column B with those in column A by writing the letter of
correct response in the space provided. USE CAPITAL LETTERS
Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark
Each item from column B is used only once
1. Match the following clinical description from column A with the type of necrosis
from column B:
SN ANSWER COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. The affected tissues take on a firm texture. A. Caseous Necrosis
2. Gangrene with typical foul-smelling, oozing foot infected B. Gangrenous Necrosis
with several different kinds of bacteria.
3. Transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass. C. Coagulative Necrosis
4. Coagulative necrosis of the lower limb involving multiple D. Fibrinoid Necrosis
tissue layers.
5. Encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infection E. Liquefactive Necrosis
F. Wet Gangrene
G. Dry Gangrene
2. Match the following description from column A with the corresponding
cardiovascular condition from column B:
SN ANSWER COLUMN A (DESCRIPTION) COLUMN B
(CONDITION)
1. Aneurysms that are essentially spherical outpouchings A. False Aneurysm
2. A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel or the heart. B. Arterial Dissection
3. A breach in the vascular wall leading to an extravascular C. Varicose veins
hematoma that freely communicates with the intravascular
space
4. Arises when blood enters the wall of the artery, as a D. An aneurysm
hematoma dissecting between its layers.
5. Abnormally dilated, tortuous veins E. Lyphangitis
F. Fusiform aneurysms
G. Saccular aneurysms
K's Royal College of Health Sciences NTA Level 4 Pathology Continuous Assessment Page 5
Candidate Number: ………………
SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 40 MARKS
Instructions:
This section consists of eight (8) questions.
Write answers in the space provided in each question
Write a readable handwrite: DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED
1 Mention three(3) general features of chronic inflammation 5 marks
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2 Mention the cardinal signs of inflammation 5 marks
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3 Outline the components of Exudates 5 marks
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4 Outline Eight (8) growth factors used in cellular proliferation and mitosis 5 marks
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K's Royal College of Health Sciences NTA Level 4 Pathology Continuous Assessment Page 6
Candidate Number: ………………
5 Immune Complex-Mediated (Type III) Hypersensitivity diseases are among the
commonest diseases in Tanzania. Mention five(5) diseases caused by the
hypersensitivity reaction: 5 marks
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6 Mention causes of Aortic Aneurysm( Mention at least six(6) points) 5 marks
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7 Outline the four basic clinical syndromes of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) 5 marks
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8 In the era before antibiotics, pneumococcal pneumonia involved entire or almost entire
lobes and evolved through four stages, Outline the stage in the space provided below:
5 marks
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K's Royal College of Health Sciences NTA Level 4 Pathology Continuous Assessment Page 7
Candidate Number: ………………
SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS 30 MARKS
Instructions
This section of three (3) questions which are supposed to be answered in a narrative
way
Write your answer on the space at the back of your page make sure you draw two
margin on the right and on the left ; each question should start on new paper
Write your examination number on each page
There will be a penalty of three(3) marks for each question not answered in essay
form
1. Mr X 60 years old came to the hospital with a complaint of swelling and pain after being
bitten with bees. Describe the type of inflammation using the following
subheadings( Definition, Signs of Inflammation, Causes, Components and Outcomes Of
Inflammation) 10 MARKS
2. Describe wound healing using the following sub headings (Definition, Phases of wound
healing, Types of wound healing and Sequence of events in wound healing) 10 MARKS
3. Mr. Adam H. 75 years old came to the clinic with a complaint of severe headache, on the
nursing station the blood pressure taken was 180/140mmHg. Discuss the patient condition
using the following subheadings( Disease and Definition affecting Mr. Adam, Types,
AND complications(other diseases it can cause) 10 MARKS
K's Royal College of Health Sciences NTA Level 4 Pathology Continuous Assessment Page 8
