REL ETT |

eT aL Is
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 %? Bear
Grylls
SURVIVAL SKILLS HANDBOOK

AMPIN
7 Bear
Grylls

This survival handbook has been specially put

together to help young adventurers just like you
to stay safe in the wild. Camping in the great
outdoors can be one of the most rewarding
experiences — as long as you are fully prepared
for a night under the stars. Once you know
how to build a campfire, safely store food, and
build your shelter you can embark on great
adventures!
 CONTENTS
Going camping

Tents

Other types of shelter

Sleeping softly

| Sleeping bags
Knives

Toilets and showers

Food caches

Nutrition

Food for the outdoors

Fire making

Fire starting

Cooking with fire

Camping stoves
GOING CAMPING!
Camping with friends and family can be a mini-adventure!
A good campsite will allow you to enjoy your surroundings and
should be kind to the environment. You should also be able to
relax there safely. Take the time to fully prepare for your trip and
you'll make great memories in the outdoors.

Making camp
Camp at existing campsites when possible, and
remember that good campsites are found, not made.

take note of the

wind direction
Ae

pitch your tent on clear, level ground

% asafe distance from any fires

b place a toilet 150 m

:.. (500 ft) from water

cae
ce
Wy, a4e 2 A
BEAR SAYS
Camping is a great way to enjoy
the outdoors and experience
nature at its best!
 Bear
Grylls

Places to avoid
Some locations are not good for
camping — stay away at all costs!

a "
Ee er gngO OF
ee iS

Flood risk Under a tree

Washouts, gullies, and floodplains can Even healthy-looking branches may drop
be deadly when it rains. without warning.

Cliff base Avalanche risk

Don’t camp below a cliff or asteep rocky Stay away from steep slopes during or
slope in case loose rocks fall. after heavy snowfall.
TENTS
A tent is your home away from
home while camping. It shelters you
from wind, rain, cold temperatures,
and blazing sun. There are lots of
different types to choose from.

A-frame

dome with fly

dome without fly

Clips, sleeves, and poles

pole clip
pole folded

pole
sleeve

pole extended
|
 Bear
Grylls

self-erecting
 Pegs
pegpuller Very few tents will stay up by themselves, and only
then in good weather. They need guy ropes (ropes
under tension) and secure attachments to the
ground. That’s where pegs come in.

aluminium
plastic
mallet and
extractor

plastic twist

aluminium
sand

ancient

standard
anchor
 A Bear
Grylls

Placing pegs
It is important to
make sure your tent
is stable and stays
put so that you have
proper shelter.

Mountain favourite
A buried sleeping bag
case filled with snow
makes a good anchor.

Standard Super stable Delta

The rope is at 90 When stability is key, use These strong pegs keep
degrees to the peg. two pegs for extra security. avery secure hold.

Back-up Rocks Ice

Use a heavy rock to Piles of rocks can be used Accent pesren ve placed
secure
apeg if it won't to anchor your lines. una Novela tne tee.
go far into the ground.

Desert sand Buried in ice Parachute

A peg buried in sand A peg can be frozen in ice Place heavy objects ina
makes a good anchor. to secure its hold. parachute anchor, then bury.
What to do if your tent leaks
If you expect wet weather or a downpour
looms, these simple tips can save the day.

trench next to
tent collects
rainfall
Water trench
A bit of digging
can help avoid a
flood in your tent. ig water
< flow

Inside drip string

This short-term fix
allows leaking water to
drip into a bowl rather
than your sleeping bag.

string
Outside string
This diverts water from reaching the
anchor point of your tent or tarp.

Duct tape Hole patch Seam sealer

Apply to a hole or Patch kits will securely Use a sealer for leaks
split seam. seal a leaking hole. along the seam.
 v4 Bear
Grylls

OTHER TYPES OF SHELTER

COC CCC CO COL CEL Oe oer OOO CEL OEE OEE O EOE OOOO OOOO OOO OOOO OOS
From tarpaulin to igloos,
The art of tarp
there are many other types These are some ways tarpaulin
of shelter, that could be a can be made into a shelter.
better option than a tent.

a tied-off rock will work

as a corner anchor

‘BEAR SAYS
A tensioner will maintain
tension in a guy rope. They are
simple yet important pieces
of kit - | never go camping
without them!

Plastic line Timber line Stick anchor

A small tug on this A piece of timber with two This simple method will
tensioner will tighten holes will also hold guy save wear on your tarp
the guy ropes. ropes in place. corner grommets.
 bivouac bags, also known as
“bivvy” bags, are cheaper and
lighter alternatives to tents

camping
hammock

Mongolian
yurt

i
Hi Roth OIE
1 A WAYS

American Indian
Great Plains
teepee
 A Bear
Grylls

Snow cave
With experience and a snow shovel, you
oe and a friend can build a comfortable
oa Pi He snow Cave in a couple of hours.
i ze e, They can be a life-saver, but you
ate a were Pe have to be careful of carbon
monoxide gas poisoning.

ventilation hole

skis or other
equipment
can alert your
position to
others

Igloo
This Inuit invention is
an option for shelter in
cold conditions.

a=:
How to make an igloo

1 Mark a circle in the snow

about 2 m (7 ft) across.

2 Tramp down the snow

inside the circle until you
have a solid surface.

3 Using a snow saw, cut blocks

of hard, compacted snow. Hard
snow can usually be found 5 Cut a ramp in the snow
below soft snow. blocks halfway around
the circle.

Ri
eee
4 Arrange your first blocks
inacircle.
 A Bear
(eTOMIS

6 Build the igloo by adding

blocks around the spiral ramp.

aa 7 Dig an entrance 8 Build an entrance roof

Boe the igloo. from two slabs of snow.
How to make a quinzee
A quinzee isa large pile of snow 1 Put backpacks and
any other bulky gear
that has been hollowed out.
together.
2 Pile up a good-sized
amount of snow over

3 Pack down
the snow and
wait a couple of
hours while it
“sinters” (this is
when the snow
crystals bind to
each other).

4 Stick even-lengthed
sticks all around the
5 Excavate the snow.
snow pile.
The other ends of the
sticks will guide you
and keep you from
digging through.

6 Insulate the base with tarps or

sleeping mats, and make yourself
at home.
 % Bear
Grylls

SLEEPING SOFTLY
A camping mattress makes sleeping more comfy,
and also keeps you warmer than if you were to
sleep directly on the ground.

foam mat

foam mat with

elastic straps

self-inflating \\
open cell foam \Es

double air mattress

single air mattress

with air pillow

electric pump

hand pump foot pump

(uses bellows)
SLEEPING BAGS
A good-quality sleeping bag
is essential for a good night’s
sleep in the outdoors.

rectangular

mummy sleeping
bag with hood

double
sleeping bag
 A Bear
Grylls

stuff bag

compression sack

Sleeping bag fillings

A sleeping bag is made up of a lining and
an outer shell. In between the two are
different types of filling. The way in which
the filling is stitched together affects how
warm you stay inside it. Down bags are
sewn through - outer
often built with pockets called baffles that shell is stitched together
stop the down from bunching.

SS

offset quilt - staggered shingles - layered

double layers like roof tiles

ae a
box-shaped baffle

ca
trapezoidal baffle Vtube baffle
KNIVES
A good sharp knife is a camping essential but should only be used by
an adult with caution and care.

=
Leatherman
multi-tool

knife with leather sheath

Survival knife
sharpening
stone
sheath

wire saw

fishing line, oa
handle cap ©
i) hooks, and Go
compass sinkers Covina

ag
matches and
striker
hollow handle blade
 A Bear
(ero

Bei I I
Parts of a hunting knife

spacer
handle

rivet hole

the assembled knife

Knife sharpening
To sharpen a knife, the blade is often
passed over a hard, rough surface.

shaving stroke - draw

the blade towards you

circular stroke - the

best way to sharpen
a large knife blade

figure eight stroke - draw

the blade back and forth

Useful tools

Chop Whittle Carve

Only large blades should Use a small knife To carve, make shallow
be used for chopping. for fine carving. cuts along the grain.
 % Bear
Grylls

honing oil

honing stone

BEAR SAYS
| Knives are very useful pieces of
sharpening steel equipment and they require a
lot of special care.

30°
20°

Wi

10 degrees 20 degrees 30 degrees

For light duty and fine A good angle for everyday A somewhat blunt yet
work such as filleting and use. To approximate it, long-lasting edge for
shaving. The edge will imagine half of 90 degrees, heavy-duty work, such as
blunt fairly quickly. then half of 45 degrees. chopping wood.
TOILETS AND SHOWERS
For a healthy environment and a healthy you, make sure you maintain
hygiene by washing and showering. Depending on your needs, there
are different types of toilet that can be built outdoors.

Cat hole
For one-time, personal use.

Long-stay latrine
wicker privacy screen

i uh
eA
TSE

aVs
Y

ve ‘
§
() u

A
ANS
plastic or
bark funnel

Latrine fora
large group
 A Bear
Grylls

Keeping clean

antibacterial
wipes

hand wash

Using a solar shower

1 Fill the shower bag with

water and lay it in the
sun. Onacool or
overcast day,
do this in the
morning so that
<=

there is warm water

in the afternoon.

2 Hang the bag from atree.

The bag will be heavy, so
pick a branch that is strong
and healthy.

3 Check that the

water is at a safe
temperature before
starting your shower.

you could hang a

curtain for privacy
FOOD CACHES
You don’t want to share your precious food supplies with the local
wildlife. In some places hungry bears may look for a meal.

Bear caches

Traditional cache
These mini log cabins are raised up
high off the ground. They are still used
in North American woods

removable ladder

Camping ground cache

These permanent bear-proof cabinets
are acommon sight in camping
grounds where bears might visit.

Bear can
These tough canisters can
hold about a week’s worth of
food for the average hiker.
 % Bear
Grylls

Setting up a throwline bear cache

secure
3 your food
=~ bag to
the line

1 Find two trees about 4.5 m (15 ft) 2 Tie the rope to the tree trunk then
apart. Throw the rope up and over throw the rope over a branch on the
a branch. second tree.

3 Then, hoist it up until it’s at least 4Tie the other end of the line
3.5 m (12 ft) above the ground. to the trunk of the second tree.
Your food is now safe.

stones

Throw bag
throw bag
To prime the throw
bag, fill it with rocks
and tighten the
drawstring.
NUTRITION
Eating well is the key to good health. This is especially true if you are
getting active outdoors. Make sure you get a balanced intake of water,
various food groups, vitamins, and minerals.

Water
The most vital substance in our
bodies is water. It makes up more than
half of a person’s bodyweight, and fulfils
such important roles that even a few
days without it can be fatal.

Micronutrients
Micronutrients are essential
vitamins and minerals that are
needed in very small quantities
for different body functions.
Examples include salt and the
vitamins and minerals found
in leafy vegetables, fruit, and
vitamin supplements.
 A Bear
Grylls

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the body’s prime
energy source. They are found in
bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, fruit,
and sweets.

Fats
Fats are essential for processing
some vitamins, promoting healthy
cell function, and are a rich source
of energy.

Protein
Protein builds up, maintains, and
replaces body tissues. It is essential
for muscle growth and a healthy
immune system.

Healthy eating
This is a graphic guide to a healthy meal. Half
fats and sweets
your plate should be fruits and vegetables.
(eat sparingly)
Cut down on big portion sizes, extra fats, and
foods that are high in sugar and salt.

milk, yogurt,
meat, poultry, fish, endichaese
and nuts

vegetables

bread, cereal, rice, and pasta

(include with most meals)
FOOD FOR THE OUTDOORS
A healthy diet is essential when you are enjoying the outdoors. When
planning a trip, choose food that is healthy, tasty, lightweight, and
doesn’t need to be kept cold.

Hiking fuel
If you’re on a big hike, your biscuits
body will need a lot more trail mix - nuts, dried
fruit, sultanas, raisins,
food than normal. Graze
and seeds
on these easily digested,
energy-rich foods to keep
you going for hours.

chocolate

crackers
cereal bar

sweets

cereal

orridge
powdered : :
Breakfast long-life milk

flatbread
 % Bear
Grylls

Lunch bread
cheese

salami powdered fruit

crackers
drink

fruitcake
salad and
vegetables
fruit

Dinner
soup mix

pasta

cous-cous ae

herbs and
spices j

tomato paste
salami
vegetables

scone or muffin a <<

3 y a eS
Dessert Oe
chocolate

hot
chocolate

apple or apricot toasted

crumble with custard marshmallow
FIRE MAKING
Meee have been making and cooking on campfires for a few
hundred thousand years. Making fire is still an important skill to
so that you can keep warm and cook when camping.

Fire triangle
There are three elements that must be
present for a fire to exist: oxygen, fuel,
and heat. You’ll need them in the right
combination to get your fire started.
Removing one or more of these
elements will put out the fire.

Tinder
Tinder is a fine flammable material
that easily catches a spark.

Bark Moss Grass

Look for dry inner bark Dead, dry moss makes an Break down stalks of dry
from dead logs. excellent fire starter. grass into fine fibres.

Fungus
The inner flesh from Cotton wool and Leaves
bracket fungus is petroleum jelly Dry dead leaves are often
flammable. A highly flammable mix. easy to find.
 main fuel

kindlin
tinder
large fuel
small fuel

Build it up
A good fire is built up gradually. Start with tinder, then once the tinder has
begun to burn, add kindling — dry twigs and sticks no thicker than your little
finger. As coals are created, slowly add larger pieces of fuel.

Starting structures

lean-to

log cabin
FIRE STARTING
Starting fires has been a straightforward
task ever since the invention of matches
and lighters. However, there are other ways
to create a spark if you don’t have these
tools available.

lighter
Heat sources

focused sunlight will

ignite tinder

hy ] magnifying
glass
 A Bear
Grylls

soft-drink can

chocolate

ferrocerium

Parabolic can
Polish the base of a can with chocolate Flint and steel
or toothpaste until it is mirror smooth The “flint” component of a flint and
and highly reflective (this may take steel fire-starting kit is actually
several hours). made of a metal alloy called
ferrocerium. When struck with
Battery method steel, it gives out sparks.

steel wool

steel wool
nine-volt
battery

Electric spark
When steel wool is brushed against the contacts of a
battery, it will glow brightly and begin to burn. A nine-
volt battery is most convenient for this method, but any
battery will work, including one from a mobile phone.
Magnesium fire block
These fire-starting kits consist of a
steel striker and a block of magnesium steel
striker
with a ferrocerium rod fixed down one
side. They are small and light, and are
still effective in damp conditions.

ferrocerium rod

1To begin, use a knife blade to

scrape a small pile of shavings
from the magnesium block. The
shavings are light, so protect the
pile from the breeze.

2 Collect the shavings

and gather themina
little nest of dry tinder.

3 Run the ferrocerium rod along

the steel striker or a knife blade.
The resulting sparks will catch in
the magnesium shavings and burn
a very intense, white-hot flame
for a few seconds — long enough
to get your tinder burning.
 % Bear
Grylls

Hand drill
A hand drill consists of a softwood
drill and fireboard. Run your hands
Fire piston
down the drill as you spin it, to
This ancient device is from Southeast
maintain pressure and build friction.
Asia and the Pacific. Quickly pushing the
piston into the cylinder causes a spark to
be ignited in the tinder.

tinder is
placed at
the end of
the piston

tinder temperature
315°C (600°F)

Fire plough
Cut a straight groove along a softwood base.
Plough the tip of a hardwood rod back and
forth along this groove. As friction builds up,
small wood fibres will become detached from
the groove. Eventually the detached

)
fibres will start smoldering and i
s
form a “coal”. Use this to
smoldering
ignite your tinder. “}\ fibres ;
vy)
Bow drill
The bow drillis slightly more complicated
than other friction fire-starting methods, but
once mastered, it is extremely effective —
even when temperatures are cool or weather
conditions are humid.

spindle

a... bow

OE EE
cord or leather thong

tinder

notch cut in baseboard

to hold tinder
 A Bear
Grylls

Blowing tinder
The end result of many fire-starting
methods is nota flame buta
precious glowing ember. To really
get the fire started, quickly gather
the ember into a bundle of tinder
and blow gently. This adds oxygen
and raises the temperature enough
for the material to burn.

Carrying fire
It can be easier to carry embers rather than
to start a fire without matches or a lighter.
To do this, punch a few holes in acan and
attach a string or wire for a handle. Then
place the embers between two layers
of dry moss. Check the embers from
time to time, and blow on them if they are
starting to fade. Well cared for, the embers
should last several days.

moss

embers
moss
COOKING WITH FIRE
As well as providing warmth and a place to gather, the main
purpose of a campfire is to cook your food.

Stable fireplace
, Use three stones to
’ support the pot.

Natural skewers
Fish and meat can be grilled
on sticks over the fire.

Handy branches
Using a support branch to
control height, a forked branch
can hold several utensils.

Wind assisted
The open side of a three-
sided fireplace should face
into the wind.
 Bear
Grylls

Basic construction
Put two logs parallel
to the wind to forma
simple fireplace.

An easy spit
Sharpened branches
driven into the ground
offer a sturdy spit.

Uneven surface
Use the slope of the
ground and some large
rocks to help support your
utensils over the fire.

Longer term
If you are staying in
one place for a while,
dig a hole for a more
permanent fireplace.
 Star fire
Push in the logs as they burn to
create a long-lasting cooking spot.

Crane
This arrangement will keep your
cooking pot off the fire, and keep it
from getting smothered.

Adjustable crane
This crane allows
you to move your
pot up and down so
that you can control
the temperature it is
exposed to.

Stone griddle
A slab of stone will take a
long time to heat, but will
stay hot for a long time. Use a
dry, solid rock.
 A Bear
eT

Bamboo cooking pot

Green bamboo is very fire
resistant and makes an
excellent pot for boiling
and simmering.

Bamboo steamer
food goes here
Punch a few holes in each of
the two walls that divide a
length of bamboo into three
sections. Put water in one end
and food in the other and you
have a steamer.

Breakfast in a bag
Line the bottom of a damp paper bag with
bacon, then crack an egg on top. Place the bag
on some hot coals and ashes to cook.

Foil oven
Wrap a whole meal in tinfoil and put it
into the coals for a slow roast. By using
this method exclusively, you can save
on the weight of cooking pots and pans.
Hangi
The hangi is a traditional New Zealand Maori method of cooking large communal
meals. To make a hangi, first dig a pit in the ground. Then build a pyre of wood beams
over the pit to carry the hangi stones. Set the pyre ablaze to super-heat the stones.
Once they have dropped into the pit, add the food in wire baskets, cover in damp
sacks and soil, and leave to cook for two to three hours.

soil

hot rocks

Mud baking

1 Gut a fish and lay it on a bed of non- 2 Fold the leaves over the fish,
poisonous green leaves. There is no ensuring that it is completely covered.
need to remove the scales. Bind the package with twine.

3 Pack mud all around the package. Use 4 Bury the package in hot coals.
clay if itis available, or use mud that has A medium-sized fish should
a clay-like texture. Check for holes. take about 20 minutes to cook.
 % Bear
Grylls

CAMPING STOVES
SOHSHHSHHHSHSHSHSSHHHHSHHSHHHSHHHHHOHSHOHSHOHOHOHHOHOHOHHOHOOHOEOOECOLOOE®S

Cooking meals on an open fire has its downsides. Things get

sooty, and it can be hard to find fuel. Often, a camping stove is
the best way to cook outdoors.

Fuel stoves

butane/propane cartridge
and burner attachment

single burner with

butane canister
 Alcohol burner set

ready to cook

Primus paraffin stove

Invented in 1892, the Primus pressurized US Army gasoline-burning stove
paraffin burner was the original camping These stoves were standard US Army
and expedition stove. issue from 1951 until 1987.
 A leX=Xol4
Grylls

Cooking without gas

Parabolic solar cooker

Solar cookers are the ultimate in
5 environmentally friendly cooking.
Parabolic cookers can reach high
temperatures very quickly and
are good for bringing liquids to
a boil.

Twig stove
This low-impact
twig burner can be
easily made froma
steel can and wire
using basic tools.

Solar box oven

This design makes use of
reflective panels and a sealed
light-absorbent chamber.
Temperatures inside can reach
148°C (300°F).
 Discover more amazing books in
the Bear Grylls series!
Perfect for young adventurers, the
Survival Skills series accompanies an
exciting range of colouring and activity
books. Curious kids can also learn
tips and tricks for almost any extreme
situation in Survival Camp, and explore
Earth in Extreme Planet.

Conceived by Weldon Owen in partnership

with Bear Grylls Ventures

Produced by Weldon Owen Ltd

Suite 3.08 The Plaza, 535 King’s Road,
London SW10 0SZ, UK

Copyright © 2017 Weldon Owen Publishing

WELDON OWEN LTD

Publisher Donna Gregory
Design Shahid Mahmood, Anna Pond
Editorial Claire Philip, Sophia Podini
Illustrators Peter Bull Studios (original illustrations),
Bernard Chau (colour)

Printed in Malaysia
10987654321
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system
or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, except brief extracts for the purpose of review, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.

Disclaimer
Weldon Owen and Bear Grylls take pride in doing our best to get the facts right in putting together
the information in this book, but occasionally something slips past our beady eyes. Therefore we
make no warranties about the accuracy or completeness of the information in the book and to the
maximum extent permitted, we disclaim all liability. Wherever possible, we will endeavour to correct
any errors of fact at reprint.

Kids — if you want to try any of the activities in this book, please ask your parents first! Parents — all
outdoor activities carry some degree of risk and we recommend that anyone participating in these
activities be aware of the risks involved and seek professional instruction and guidance. None of the
health/medical information in this book is intended as a substitute for professional medical advice;
always seek the advice of a qualified practitioner.

A WELDON OWEN PRODUCTION.

PART OF THE BONNIER PUBLISHING GROUP.
 A Bear
Grylls
SURVIVAL SKILLS HANDBOOK

CAMPING
)
Embark on an amazing camping adventure
ALi ita ClaaL
®
Learn to set up camp, build a fire, and take care of
yourself in the wilderness
@
Includes step-by-step instructions and tips from Bear