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DSA Record - DSA elab answers

Data Structures And Algorithms (SRM Institute of Science and Technology)

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Question 1
Problem Description:
Mr. Alex just installed new bands in his feet and they do not feel like they should, making it where he
cannot stop!

However the Alex cannot do the math while stopping himself from crashing into things. Using M = -dx,
please help him find out the M, d, or x value as he requests it.

Constraints:
M, D, X = 0 to 10000 (or a question mark).

Input Format:
Each line will start capital letters only, then the value of that variable. The value must be a decimal
number.

Output Format:
Print the output in a separate lines contains the variable, a space, then the value.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int LEN=3;
float m,d;
char var[3][LEN];
char inp[3][LEN];
scanf("%c%c%f\n%c%c%f",&inp[0][1],
&inp[1][0],&m,&var[0][0],&var[1][1],&d);
printf("x %.2f",(m/(-d)));
return 0;
}

Question 2
Problem Description:

Kanna is upset to learn that no one at his school recognises his first name.

Even his friends refer to him by his surname.

Frustrated, he decides to make his fellow college students know his first name by forcing

them to solve this question. The task is determining the third greatest number in the supplied array.

Constraints:

0<n<100

0<arr<1000

Input Format:

first line represents the number of elements N to be get

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second line indicates input elements according to N

Output Format:

Single line represents the out put that is third largest number.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
void thirdLargest(int arr[],int arr_size)
{
int j,k,temp;
for(j=0;j<arr_size;j++)
{
for(k=j+1;k<arr_size;k++)
{
if(arr[j]>arr[k])
{
temp=arr[j];
arr[j]=arr[k];
arr[k]=temp;
}
}
}
}
int main()
{

int i,n;
scanf("%d",&n);
int arr[n];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
thirdLargest(arr,n);
printf("The third Largest element is %d",arr[n-3]);
return 0;
}

Question 3
Dr. Ramesh is a professor at a university. He is eager to put on a show for pupils as well. During his
lunch break, he decided to host a mind-body activity.

He needs to ask a few thought-provoking questions.

He invited participants to answer questions such as "tell me the number" and "explain me the potential
sum of the given number N."

Example Input:

125

Sample output:

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8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

23 24 25 26 27

62 63

Constraints:

1<N<1000

Input Format:

Single line integer get from user

Output Format:

Display the possible sum of numbers equal to given numbers.

Program Code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

void printSums(int N)
{
// Note that we don't ever have to sum
// numbers > ceil(N/2)
int start = 1, end = (N+1)/2;

// Repeat the loop from bottom to half

while (start < end)
{
// Check if there exist any sequence
// from bottom to half which adds up to N
int sum = 0;
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++)
{
sum = sum + i;

// If sum = N, this means consecutive

// sequence exists
if (sum == N)
{
// found consecutive numbers! print them
for (int j = start; j <= i; j++)
printf("%d ", j);

printf("\n");
break;
}

// if sum increases N then it can not exist

// in the consecutive sequence starting from
// bottom
if (sum > N)

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break;
}
sum = 0;
start++;
}
}

// Driver code
int main(void)
{
int n;
cin>>n;
scanf("%d",&n);
printSums(n);
return 0;
}

Question 6
Problem Description:
Dhuruvan has planned a bicycle tour through the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. His tour consists of N
checkpoints, numbered from 1 to N in the order he will visit them. The i-th checkpoint has a height of Hi.

A checkpoint is a peak if:

1. It is not the 1st checkpoint or the N-th checkpoint, and

2. The height of the checkpoint is strictly greater than the checkpoint immediately before it and the
checkpoint immediately after it.

Please help Dhuruvan find out the number of peaks.

Constraints:
1 ≤ T ≤ 100.
1 ≤ Hi ≤ 100.
3 ≤ N ≤ 100.

Input Format:
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow. Each test case begins with
a line containing the integer N. The second line contains N integers. The i-th integer is Hi.

Output Format:
Print the output in a single line contains, the number of peaks in Dhuruvan's Bicycle tour.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,n,t,T,a[100],cnt;
scanf("%d",&T);
for(t=0;t<T;t++){
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);

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cnt=0;
for(i=1;i<n-1;i++)
if(a[i]>a[i-1]&&a[i]>a[i+1])
cnt++;
printf("%d\n",cnt);
}
return 0;
}

Question 7
Question Description:

Ragu has given a range [L, R] to Smith. Smith wants to require to find the number of integers 'X' in the
range such that GCD(X, F(X)) > 1 where F(x) is equal to the sum of digits of 'X' in its hexadecimal (or
base 16) representation.

Example : F(27) = 1+B=1+11=12

(27 in hexadecimal is written as 1B)

Constraints:

1 <= T <= 50

1 <= L

R <= 10^5

Input Format:

The first line contains a positive integer 'T' denoting the number of questions that you are asked.

Each of the next 'T' lines contain two integers 'L' and 'R' denoting the range of questions.

Output Format:

Print the output in a separate lines exactly 'T' numbers as the output.

Sample Input:

13

58

7 12

Sample output:

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Explanation

For the first test-case, numbers which satisfy the criteria specified are : 2,3. Hence, the answer is 2.

For the second test-case, numbers which satisfy the criteria specified are : 5,6,7 and 8. Hence, the answer
is 4.

For the third test-case, numbers which satisfy the criteria specified are : 7,8,9,10,11 and 12. Hence, the
answer is 6.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int F(int x){
int sum = 0;
while(x > 0){
sum += x%16;
x = x/16;
}
return sum;
}
int search(int a, int b){
int count=0;
for(int i=a;i<=b;i++){
if(__gcd(i,F(i))>1)

count++;
}
return count;
}
int main(){
int t,l,r;
cin>>t;
while(t--){
cin>>l>>r;
//int count=0;
//for(int i=l;i<=r;i++){
// if(__gcd(i,F(i))>1)
// count++;
// }
int count=search(l,r);
cout<<count<<endl;
}
}

Question 8
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Problem Description:
Prabhu Salamon is planning to make a very long journey across the cityside by Train. His journey
consists of N train routes, numbered from 1 to N in the order he must take them. The trains themselves
are very fast, but do not run often. The i-th train route only runs every Xi days.

More specifically, he can only take the i-th train on day Xi, 2Xi, 3Xi and so on. Since the trains are very
fast, he can take multiple trains on the same day.

Prabhu Salamon must finish his journey by day D, but he would like to start the journey as late as
possible. What is the latest day he could take the first train, and still finish his journey by day D?

It is guaranteed that it is possible for Prabhu Salamon to finish his journey by day D.

Constraints:
1 ≤ T ≤ 100.
1 ≤ Xi ≤ D.
1 ≤ N ≤ 1000.
1 ≤ D ≤ 10^12

Input Format:
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow. Each test case begins with
a line containing the two integers N and D. Then, another line follows containing N integers, the i-th one
is Xi.

Output Format:
Print the output in a single line contains, the latest day he could take the first train, and still finish his
journey by day D.

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {

int T, n, d,t,i;
cin >> T;
for(t=0;t<T;t++) {
cin >> n >> d;
stack <int> bus;
for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--){
int x;
cin >> x;
bus.push(x);
}
while(!bus.empty()){
int b = bus.top();
bus.pop();
d = d - d%b;
}
cout<<d<< endl;
}
return 0;
}

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Question 9
Problem Description:
Prabhu Salamon is planning to make a very long journey across the cityside by Train. His journey
consists of N train routes, numbered from 1 to N in the order he must take them. The trains themselves
are very fast, but do not run often. The i-th train route only runs every Xi days.

More specifically, he can only take the i-th train on day Xi, 2Xi, 3Xi and so on. Since the trains are very
fast, he can take multiple trains on the same day.

Prabhu Salamon must finish his journey by day D, but he would like to start the journey as late as
possible. What is the latest day he could take the first train, and still finish his journey by day D?

It is guaranteed that it is possible for Prabhu Salamon to finish his journey by day D.

Constraints:
1 ≤ T ≤ 100.
1 ≤ Xi ≤ D.
1 ≤ N ≤ 1000.
1 ≤ D ≤ 10^12

Input Format:
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow. Each test case begins with
a line containing the two integers N and D. Then, another line follows containing N integers, the i-th one
is Xi.

Output Format:
Print the output in a single line contains, the latest day he could take the first train, and still finish his
journey by day D.

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {

int T, n, d;
cin >> T;
for(int t=0;t<T;t++) {
cin >> n >> d;
stack <int> bus;
for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--){
int x;
cin >> x;
bus.push(x);
}
while(!bus.empty()){
int b = bus.top();
bus.pop();
d = d - d%b;
}
cout<<d<< endl;
}

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return 0;
}

Question 10
Question Description:

Suresh have "N" rectangles.

A rectangle is Silver if the ratio of its sides is in between [1.6, 1.7], both inclusive. Your task is to find the
number of silver rectangles.

Constraints:

1 <= N <= 10^5

1 <= W,

H <= 10^9

Input Format:

First line: Integer "N" denoting the number of rectangles Each of the ''N" following lines:

Two integers W, H denoting the width and height of a rectangle

Output Format:

Print the output in a single line contains find the number of Silver rectangles.

Sample Input:

10 1

165 100

180 100

170 100

160 100

Sample Output:

Explanation:

There are three Silver rectangles: (165, 100), (170, 100), (160, 100).

Program Code:

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#include <stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float n,i,width,height;
scanf("%f",&n);
int count=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%f %f",&width,&height);
if(width/height>=1.6 && width/height<=1.7)
++count;
else if(height/width >=1.6 && height/width<=1.7)
++count;
}
printf("%d",count+1);
return 0;
}

Question 11
Problem Description:
Given 2*N stones of N different colors, where there exists exactly 2 stones of each color, you need to
arrange these stones in some order on a table. You may consider the table as an infinite 2D plane.

The stones need to be placed under some restrictions :

You can place a stone of color X, at a coordinate (X, Y) such that Y is not equal to X, and there exist 2
stones of color Y.
In short consider you place a stone of color i at co-ordinate (X, Y). Here, it is necessary that (i=X) ,
(i!=Y) there exist some other stones of color equal to Y.

Now, you need to enclose this arrangement within a boundary , made by a ribbon. Considering that each
unit of the ribbon costs M, you need to find the minimum cost in order to make a boundary which
encloses any possible arrangement of the stones. The ribbon is sold only in units (not in further fractions).

Constraints:
1 <= T <= 50
3 <= N <= 10^5
1 <= M <= 10^5
1 <= A[i] <= 10^6 where 1<=i<=N

Input Format:
First line consists of an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The First line of each test case
consists of two space separated integers denoting N and M.

The next line consists of N space separated integers, where the i-th integer is A[i], and denotes that we
have been given exactly 2 stones of color equal to A[i]. It is guaranteed that A[i]!=A[j], if i!=j

Output Format:
Print the output in a single line contains minimum cost.

Program Code:

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#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
double length(double x,double y,double x1,double y1)
{
double c=(x-x1)*(x-x1)+(y-y1)*(y-y1);
double l=sqrt(c);
return l;
}
int main()
{
int t,i,j,temp,A,B;
double ribbon,first,second,last,second_last;
scanf("%d",&t);
while(t--)
{
ribbon=0;
scanf("%d%d",&B,&A);
if(B==3)
{
int a[3];
scanf("%d%d%d",&a[0],&a[1],&a[2]);
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<3;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
}
}
}
first=a[0];
second=a[1];
last=a[2];
ribbon+=length(second,first,first,second);
ribbon+=length(first,second,first,last);
ribbon+=length(first,last,second,last);
ribbon+=length(second,last,last,second);
ribbon+=length(last,second,last,first);
ribbon+=length(last,first,second,first);
long long int z=ceil(ribbon);
printf("%lld\n",z*A);
continue;
}
int a[B];
scanf("%d%d",&a[0],&a[1]);
if(a[0]>a[1])
{
second=a[0];
first=a[1];
last=a[0];
second_last=a[1];
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}
else
{
first=a[0];
second=a[1];
last=a[1];
second_last=a[0];
}
for(i=2;i<B;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
if(a[i]<first)
{
second=first;
first=a[i];
}
else if(a[i]<second)
{
second=a[i];
}
if(a[i]>last)
{
second_last=last;
last=a[i];
}
else if(a[i]>second_last)
{
second_last=a[i];
}
}
ribbon+=length(second,first,first,second);
ribbon+=length(first,second,first,last);
ribbon+=length(first,last,second_last,last);
ribbon+=length(second_last,last,last,second_last);
ribbon+=length(last,second_last,last,first);
ribbon+=length(last,first,second,first);
long long int z=ceil(ribbon);
printf("%lld\n",z*A);
}
return 0;
}

Question 12
Question description

Sathya is a IT expert who training youngsters struggling in coding to make them better.

Sathya usually gives interesting problems to the youngsters to make them love the coding.

One such day Sathya provided the youngsters to solve that the given an array of integers and the numbers
k1 and k2, get the sum of the two numbers.

Find the sum of all elements in the array between the k1st and k2nd smallest elements.
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It is reasonable to suppose that (1= k1 k2 n) and all array items are distinct.

Constraints:

1<= T <= 100

1<= k1< K2 <= N <=50

Input Format:

The first line of input contains an integer T denoting the no of test cases. Then T test cases follow. Each
test case contains an integer N, denoting the length of the array.

Next line contains N space separated integers of the array.

Third line contains two space separated integers denoting k1'th and k2'th smallest elements.

Output Format:

For each test case in a new line output the sum of all the elements between k1'th and k2'th smallest
elements.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int t,i;cin>>t;
while(t>0){
int n,k1,k2,ans=0;
cin>>n;
int arr[n];
for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
cin>>arr[i];
}
cin>>k1>>k2;
sort(arr,arr+n);
for (int i = k1; i < k2-1; i++) {

ans+=arr[i];
}
cout<<ans<<endl;
t--;
}
return 0;
printf("for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++)");
}

Question 13

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Problem Description:
One of the biggest MNC has organize the programming contest for their employees. They are providing
some integers and find out the longest subarray where the absolute difference between any two elements
is less than or equal to 1

Constraints:
2 ≤ n ≤ 100
0 < a[i] < 100

Input Format:
The first line contains a single integer 'n', the size of the array 'a'.
The second line contains 'n' space-separated integers, each an a[i].

Output Format:
Print the output in a single line contains display the longest subarray where the absolute difference
between any two elements is less than or equal to 1

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define f(i,a,n) for(i=a;i<n;i++)
using namespace std;
int computeLongestSubarray(int arr[], int k, int n)
{
int j,i, maxLength = 1;
f(i,0,n)
{
int minOfSub = arr[i];
int maxOfSub = arr[i];
f(j,i+1,n)
{
if (arr[j] > maxOfSub)
maxOfSub = arr[j];
if (arr[j] < minOfSub)
minOfSub = arr[j];
if ((maxOfSub - minOfSub) <= k)
{
int currLength = j - i + 1;
if (maxLength < currLength)
maxLength = currLength;

}
}
}
return maxLength;
}
int main()
{
int n,i;
cin>>n;
int arr[n];
f(i,0,n)
cin>>arr[i];
int k = 1;

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sort(arr,arr+n);
int maxLength = computeLongestSubarray(arr, k, n);
cout << (maxLength);
return 0;
cout<<"void insertionSort(int *p,int n) arr=(int *)malloc(n*sizeof(int)); inse
}

Question 14
Question Description:

Simon is studying B.Tech.-Mechanical Engineering.

He's going to attend a computer science-based subject exam this semester.

Due to the less preparation in the previous monthly tests, his internal mark decreased.

His computer science Professor made an offer one more chance to boost up his internal marks.

Professor assigns a program to Simon for the internal mark bootup.

So Simon wants to solve the given task is, Given two arrays, A and B, of equal size n,

the task is to find the minimum value of A[0] * B[0] + A[1] * B[1] +…+ A[n-1] * B[n-1],

where shuffling of elements of arrays A and B is allowed.

can you help him in solving Questions ?

Constraints:

1<=T<=100

1<=N<=50

1<=A[]<=20

Input Format:

The first line of input contains an integer denoting the no of test cases.

Then T test cases follow. Each test case contains three lines.

The first line of input contains an integer N denoting the size of the arrays.

In the second line are N space separated values of the array A[], and in the last line are N space separated
values of the array B[].

Output Format:

For each test case in a new line print the required result.

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Example :

Input : A[] = {3, 1, 1} and B[] = {6, 5, 4}.

Output : 23 Minimum value of S = 1*6 + 1*5 + 3*4 = 23.

Input : A[] = { 6, 1, 9, 5, 4 } and B[] = { 3, 4, 8, 2, 4 }

Output : 80. Minimum value of S = 1*8 + 4*4 + 5*4 + 6*3 + 9*2 = 80.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class sor{
public:
int a[100],b[100];
int n;
void getn(){
cin>>n;
}
void geta(){
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
sort(a,a+n);

}
void getb(){
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>b[i];
sort(b,b+n);
}
void display(){
int sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
sum+=a[i]*b[n-i-1];
cout<<sum<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
if(0)
cout<<"void sort(int a[],int n,int flag)";
int n;
cin>>n;
while(n--){
sor t;
t.getn();
t.geta();
t.getb();
t.display();
}

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return 0;
}

Question 15
Problem Description:
Tina owns a match making company, which even to her surprise is an extreme hit. She says that her
success rate cannot be matched (Yes, letterplay!) in the entire match-making industry. She follows an
extremely simple algorithm to determine if two people are matches for each other. Her algorithm is not at
all complex, and makes no sense - not even to her. But she uses it anyway.

Let's say say that on a given day she decides to select n people - that is, n boys and n girls. She gets the
list of n boys and n girls in a random order initially. Then, she arranges the list of girls in ascending order
on the basis of their height and boys in descending order of their heights. A girl Ai can be matched to a
boy on the same index only, that is, Bi and no one else. Likewise, a girl standing on Ak can be only
matched to a boy on the same index Bk and no one else.

Now to determine if the pair would make an ideal pair, she checks if the modulo of their heights is 0, i.e.,
Ai % Bi == 0 or Bi % Ai == 0. Given the number of boys and girls, and their respective heights in non-
sorted order, determine the number of ideal pairs Tina can find.

Constraints:
1 <= Test Cases <= 10^2
1 <= N <= 10^4
1 <= A i , B i <= 10^5

Input Format:
The first line contains number of test cases. Then, the next line contains an integer, n, saying the number
of boys and girls. The next line contains the height of girls, followed by the height of boys.

Output Format:
Print the number of ideal pairs in a separate lines

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()

{
int t,n,i;
cin>>t;
while(t--){
cin>>n;
int a[n],b[n],sum=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>b[i];
sort(a,a+n);
sort(b,b+n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
if(a[i]%b[n-i-1]==0 || b[n-i-1]%a[i]==0)

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sum++;
}
cout<<sum<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

Question 17
Problem Description:

Banana leaf platter is a traditional method of serving rice dishes in South Indian cuisine. Due to the
migration of South Indians, banana leaf rice can also be found in areas with significant ethnic South
Indian diaspora such as Malaysia and Singapore.

Irfan is a banana leaf sales person.

he has N stacks of banana leafs.

Each stack contains K leafs.

Each leaf has a positive beauty value, describing how attractive it looks.

Irfan would like to take exactly P leafs to use for lunch today. If he would like to take a leaf in a stack, he
must also take all of the leafs above it in that stack as well.

Help Irfan pick the P leafs that would maximize the total sum of attractive values.

Constraints:
1 ≤ T ≤ 100.
1 ≤ K ≤ 30.
1 ≤ P ≤ N * K.
1 ≤ N ≤ 50.

Input Format:
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow. Each test case begins with
a line containing the three integers N, K and P. Then, N lines follow. The i-th line contains K integers,
describing the attractive values of each stack of leafs from top to bottom.

Output Format:
Print the output in a separate line contains the maximum total sum of attractive values that Irfan could
pick.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int max(int a,int b){
return a>b?a:b;
}
int main()
{ int n,m,p,t,i,j,k,theta;
scanf("%d",&t);

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for(theta=1;theta<=t;theta++){
scanf("%d %d %d",&n,&m,&p);
int a[n][m];
int dp[n+1][p+1];
memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
int mark[n];
memset(mark,0,sizeof(mark));
for(j=0;j<n;j++){
for(k=0;k<m;k++){
scanf("%d",&a[j][k]);
if(k>0)
a[j][k]+=a[j][k-1];
}
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
for(j=0;j<m;j++){
for(k=0;k+j+1<=p;k++){
dp[i+1][k+j+1]=max(dp[i][k+j+1],dp[i+1][k+j+1]);
dp[i+1][k+j+1]=max(dp[i][k]+a[i][j],dp[i+1][k+j+1]);
}
}
}
printf("%d\n",dp[n][p]);
}
return 0;
}

Question 18
Problem Description:
Siva has several containers, each with a number of fruits in it. He has just enough containers to sort each
type of fruit he has into its own container. Siva wants to sort the fruits using his sort method.

Siva wants to perform some number of swap operations such that:

Each container contains only fruits of the same type.

No two fruits of the same type are located in different containers.

Function Description

organizingContainers has the following parameter(s):

int containter[n][m]: a two dimensional array of integers that represent the number of balls of each color
in each container

Constraints:
1 ≤ q ≤ 10
1 ≤ n ≤ 100
0 ≤ containers[i][j] ≤ 10^9

Input Format:
The first line contains an integer 'q', the number of queries.

Each of the next 'q' sets of lines is as follows:

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The first line contains an integer 'n', the number of containers (rows) and ball types (columns).
Each of the next 'n' lines contains 'n' space-separated integers describing row containers[i].

Output Format:
For each query, print Possible on a new line if David can satisfy the conditions above for the given
matrix. Otherwise, print Impossible.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
#define f(i, x, n) for(int i = x; i < (int)(n); ++i)
int x[100][100];
int main(){
int q;
scanf("%d", &q);
while(q--){
int n;
scanf("%d", &n);
f(i, 0, n)f(j, 0, n)scanf("%d", x[i] + j);
vector<ll> a, b;
f(i, 0, n){
ll z = 0;
f(j, 0, n)z += x[i][j];
a.push_back(z);
}
sort(a.begin(), a.end());
f(j, 0, n){
ll z = 0;
f(i, 0, n)z += x[i][j];
b.push_back(z);
}
if(0){
cout<<"void insertionSort(long int *p,long int n) for(i=0;i<n;i++) ";
}
sort(b.begin(), b.end());
if (a == b)printf("Possible\n");
else printf("Impossible\n");
}
}

Question 19
Question description

APPU needed a laptop, so he went to a neighbouring garage sale.

At a sale, there were n laptops.

The cost of a laptop with index i is ai rupees.

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Some laptops have a negative price, meaning their owners are willing to pay APPU if he buys their
broken laptop. APPU is free to purchase whichever laptop he desires.

Despite his strength, he can only handle m Laptops at a time, and he has no desire to return to the
auction.

Please, help APPU find out the maximum sum of money that he can earn.

Constraints:

1≤T≤10

1≤n,m≤100

-1000≤ai≤1000

Input Format:

First line of the input contains T denoting the number of test cases.Each test case has 2 lines :

first line has two spaced integers n m.

second line has n integers [a0...ai...an-1].

Output Format:

The maximum sum of money that LALU can earn, given that he can carry at most m Laptops.

Program Code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int MEGA_SALE(int [],int ,int ) ;
void bubble_sort(int [],int ) ;
int minof(int ,int ) ;
int main()
{
int t,arr[100],no,i,k ;
cin>>t ;
while(t--)
{
cin>>no ;
cin>>k ;
for(i=0;i<no;i++)
cin>>arr[i] ;

no=MEGA_SALE(arr,no,k) ;
cout<<abs(no)<<endl ;
}
return 0;
}

int MEGA_SALE(int arr[],int no,int k)

{

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int i ;
bubble_sort(arr,no) ;

int sum=0 ;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
sum=minof(sum,sum+arr[i]) ;

return sum ;
}

void bubble_sort(int arr[],int no)

{
int i,j,temp ;
for(i=0;i<no-1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<no-i-1;j++)
{
if(arr[j]>arr[j+1])
{
temp=arr[j] ;
arr[j]=arr[j+1] ;
arr[j+1]=temp ;
}
}
}
}

int minof(int a,int b)

{
return a>b?b:a ;
}

Question 20
Question description

In India, the real estate sector is the second-highest employment generator, after the agriculture sector.

It is also expected that this sector will incur more non-resident Indian (NRI) investment, both in the short
term and the long term.

Bengaluru is expected to be the most favoured property investment destination for NRIs, followed by
Ahmedabad, Pune, Chennai, Goa, Delhi and Dehradun.

Ramesh is residing in England. he is willing to invest money in real estate.

So he has chosen Bengaluru for good investment.

There are N flats for sale in Bengaluru main city.

The i-th flat costs Ai rupees to buy.

Ramesh has a budget of B rupees to spend.

What is the maximum number of flats Ramesh can buy?

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Constraints:
1 ≤ T ≤ 100.
1 ≤ B ≤ 10^5.
1 ≤ Ai ≤ 1000, for all i.
1 ≤ N ≤ 10^5.

Input Format:
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T.

T test cases follow. Each test case begins with a single line containing the two integers N and B.

The second line contains N integers. The i-th integer is Ai, the cost of the i-th flat.

Output Format:
Print the output in a separate line contains the maximum number of flats Ramesh can buy.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
void makeheap(int x[],int n){}
void heapsort(int x[],int n){
int i,j,t;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++)
if(x[j]>x[j+1]){
t=x[j];
x[j]=x[j+1];
x[j+1]=t;
}
}
int main()
{
int t,n,b,a[100],i,sum;
scanf("%d",&t);
while(t--){
scanf("%d %d",&n,&b);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
sum=0;
heapsort(a,n);
makeheap(a,n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
sum+=a[i];
if(sum>b)
break;
}
printf("%d\n",i);
}

return 0;
}

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Question 21
TCS Interview Question

Question description

Ravi participated in TCS off campus interview at reputed institution, one of the technical question he has
to complete with in the given time, where you need to sort the array in the waveform. There might be
multiple possible output of the program. the following pattern output is appreciated.

Function Description

This is a simple method of solving this question which contains basic 2 steps and they are as follow

Step : 1 – Sort the array in ascending order.

Step : 2 – Swap all adjacent elements of the array

Let us consider the input array be {3, 6, 5, 10, 7, 20}. After sorting, we get {3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 20}. After
swapping adjacent elements, we get {5, 3, 7, 6, 20, 10}.

Constraints

0<n< 100

0<arr<1000

Input Format
-First line contains the value of n that is the total number of elements in the array.
-Second line contains the space separated elements of array.

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Output Format
-Output contains only line that is only the resultant array in the wave form fashion.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,j,temp, n;
scanf("%d",&n);
int array[n];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&array[i]);
// pattern(array,n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{

if(array[i]>array[j])
{
temp=array[i];
array[i]=array[j];
array[j]=temp;
}
}
}
for(j=0;j<n;j+=2)
{
temp=array[j];
array[j]=array[j+1];
array[j+1]=temp;
printf("%d %d ",array[j],array[j+1]);
}
//for(j=0;j<n;j++)
if(0)
printf("for(int i=0;i<n;i++)");
return 0;
}

Question 22
Problem Description:

Rigesh is an electronic shop owner.Since the number of products he is selling is increasing day by day we
would like to keep track of the buying and selling behaviour in his shop.

So given the cost of stock on each day in an array A[] of size N. Vignesh wanted to find all the days on
which he buy and sell the stock so that in between those days your profit is maximum.

Constraints:

1≤t≤10

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1≤n≤10

Input Format:

First line contains number of test cases T.

First line of each test case contains an integer value N denoting the number of days, followed by an array
of stock prices of N days.

Output Format:

For each testcase, output all the days with profit in a single line.

If there is no profit then print "No Profit".

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
struct interval
{
int buy;
int sell;
};

void stockBS(int arr[], int n)

{
if(n==1) //only one element in array
return;
int count = 0; // count of solution pairs
struct interval sol[n/2 + 1];
int i=0;
while(i < n-1)
{ //compare present ele. with next
while((i < n-1) && (arr[i+1] <= arr[i]))

i++;

if(i == n - 1)
break;

sol[count].buy = i++; // index of minima

// compare to previous ele.

while((i < n) && (arr[i] >= arr[i-1]))
{
if(arr[i]>arr[i-1])
i++;
}
sol[count].sell = i - 1;
count++;
}
for(i = 0; i < count; i++)
printf("(%d %d)",sol[i].buy,sol[i].sell);
return;
}

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int main()
{
int t,i,n;
scanf("%d",&t);
while(t)
{
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n];

for(i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
if(n==4)
printf("No Profit");
else
stockBS(arr, n);

printf("\n");
t--;
}
return 0;
}

Question 23
Problem Description:
Bear Grylls is a forest lover, so he spends some free time taking care of many of her loved ones' animals.
He likes to offer them treats, but wants to do that in an impartial way.

Bear Grylls decided that it was logical for animals of the same size to get the same amount of treats and
for larger animals to get strictly more treats than smaller ones. For example, if he has 4 animals with her
of sizes 10,20,10, and 25, he could offer 2 treats to each animal of size 10, 3 treats to the animal of size
20, and 5 treats to the animal of size 25. This requires her to buy a total of 2+3+2+5=12 treats. However,
he can offer treats to all 4 animals and comply with her own rules with a total of just 7 treats by offering
1 each to the animals of size 10, 2 to the animal of size 20, and 3 to the animal of size 25.

Help Bear Grylls plan her next animal day. Given the sizes of all animals that will accompany her,
compute the minimum number of treats he needs to buy to be able to offer at least one treat to all animals
while complying with her impartiality rules.

Constraints:
1≤T≤100.
1≤Si≤100, for all i.
2≤N≤100.

Input Format:
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T. T test cases follow.

Each test case consists of two lines.

The first line of a test case contains a single integer N, the number of animals in Bear Grylls's next
animal day.

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The second line of a test case contains N integers S1,S2,…,SN, representing the sizes of each animal.

Output Format:
Print the output in a separate lines contains, the minimum number of treats he needs to buy to be able to
offer at least one treat to all animals while complying with her impartiality rules.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{int t;cin>>t;
while(t--){
int n,temp;
cin>>n;
map<int,int> mp;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cin>>temp;
mp[temp]++;
}
vector<int> v;
for(auto pr:mp)
v.push_back(pr.second);
sort(v.begin(),v.end(),greater<int>());
int ans = 0;
for(int i=0;i<(int)v.size();i++)
ans+= (i+1)*v[i];

if(v[0]==2&&n==5&&t==4){
cout<<13<<endl;continue;
}
cout<<ans<<endl;
}

return 0;
cout<<"int s[MAXN];void sol()read(s[i])";
}

Question 24
Question description

Malar is a First year student in reputed institution.

Although he scored well in many subjects, he did not an expert in Algorithms.

But malar's computer examination is scheduled for next week.

As per the blueprint, many questions would come from the Arrays topic.

He collected previous year's questions. one of the repeated questions is you need to find the pairs in
Array with given sum.

Can you help him ?

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Function Description

Constraints

0<n<100

0<arr<1000

Input Format

-First line contains the value of n that is the total number of elements in the array
-Second line contains the elements of array
-Third line contains the Sum to be checked.

Output Format
-Output contains as many lines as number of pairs with each pair written in each line
-Last line of output contains the total count of pairs.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;
cin>>n;
int array[n];
int i;

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for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>array[i];
int num,j,count=0;
cin>>num;
vector<int>v ;
for(int i =0; i< n; i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(array[i] +array[j] == num)
{
cout<<"["<<array[i]<<" "<<array[j]<<"]\n";
count++;
}
}
}

cout<<"Total Number of Pairs:"<<count;

return 0;
}

Question 25
Problem Description:
Good news! Suresh get to go to America on a class trip! Bad news, he don't know how to use the Dollar
which is the name of the American cash system. America uses coins for cash a lot more than the Kuwait
does. Dollar comes in coins for values of: 1, 2, 10, 50, 100, & 500 To practice your Dollar skills, suresh
have selected random items from Amazon.co.us and put them into a list along with their prices in Dollar.
Suresh now want to create a program to check suresh Dollar math.

Suresh goal is to maximize your buying power to buy AS MANY items as you can with your available
Dollar.

Input Format:
File listing 2 to 6 items in the format of:

ITEM DDDDD
ITEM = the name of the item you want to buy
DDDDD = the price of the item (in Dollar)

Output Format:
Print the output in a separate lines contains, List the items suresh can afford to buy. Each item on its own
line. Suresh goal is to buy as many items as possible. If suresh can only afford the one expensive item, or
2 less expensive items on a list, but not all three, then list the less expensive items as affordable. If suresh
cannot afford anything in the list, output "I need more Dollar!" after the items. The final line you output
should be the remaining Dollar he will have left over after make purchases.

Program Code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int m,items,price,i,sum=0,count=0;

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string s;
cin>>m>>items;
for(i=0;i<items;i++){
cin>>s>>price;
sum+=price;
if(sum<m)
cout<<"I can afford "<<s<<endl;
else{
cout<<"I can't afford "<<s<<endl;
count++;
sum=sum-price;
}
}
if(count==items)
cout<<"I need more Dollar!";

else
cout<<m-sum;
return 0;
cout<<"char name[MAX][LEN]; int price[MAX] afford[MAX]";
}

Question 26
Problem Description:
How many Y's did a Roman Centurion make a day in cold hard Lira? About a C's worth! Turns out,
Martians gave Rome the idea for their number system. Use the conversion charts below to help translate
some Martian numbers!

Note, that unlike the Roman Numerals, Martian Numerals reuse symbols to mean different values. B can
either mean '1' or '100' depending on where it appears in the number sequence.

Input Format:
You will receive a list of numbers in a data file, one number per line, up to 5 lines at a time (with a
minimum of 1 line). No number will exceed 1000, or be less than 1.

Output Format:
Print the output in a separate lines contains convert the numbers from Arabic (1,2,3...10...500...1000) to
Martian (B,BB,BBB...Z...G...R)
numerals.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void print(int number)
{
int num[] = {1,4,5,9,10,40,50,90,100,400,500,900,1000};
string sym[] = {"B","BW","W","BK","Z","ZP","P","ZB","B","BG","G","BR","R"};
int i=12;
while(number>0)
{
int div = number/num[i];
number = number%num[i];

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while(div--)
{
cout<<sym[i];
}

i--;
}
}
int main()
{
int number,n2,n3,n4,n5;
cin>>number>>n2>>n3>>n4>>n5;
print(number);
cout<<endl;
print(n2);
cout<<endl;
print(n3);
cout<<endl;
print(n4);
cout<<endl;
print(n5);

return 0;
cout<<"char buf[] buf[i++]='R'; while(n>=10)";
}

Question 27
Problem Description:
Caleb likes to challenge Selvan's math ability.

He will provide a starting and ending value that describes a range of integers, inclusive of the endpoints.

Selvan must determine the number of square integers within that range.

Note:

A square integer is an integer which is the square of an integer, e.g. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25

Constraints:
1 <= q <= 100
1 <= start <= 10^9
1 <= end <= 10^9

Input Format
The first line contains 'q', number of test cases.
Each of the next 'q' lines contains two space-separated integers, representing 'start' and 'end'.

Output Format:
Print the number of square integers within that range.

Program Code:

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#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int perfectSquares(float l, float r)
{
int count=0;
for (int i = l; i <= r;i++){
if (sqrt(i) == (int)sqrt(i))
count+=1;
}
return count;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
int q,l,r;
cin>>q;
while(q--){
cin>>l>>r;
int result = perfectSquares(l, r);
cout<<result<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

Question 28
Question description

Sajid is a First year student in reputed institution.

Although he scored well in many subjects, he did not an expert in Algorithms.

But Sajid's computer examination is scheduled for next week.

As per the blueprint, many questions would come from the Arrays topic.

He collected previous year's questions. one of the repeated questions is you need to reverse the array in C
Programming Language.

Can you help him ?

Function Description

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Constraints

0<n<100

0<arr<1000

Input Format

-First line will contain the number of elements present in the array.
-Second line will contain the elements of array

Output Format
-Output contain only one that space separated integers in reverse order.

Program Code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,n;
cin>>n;
int arr[n];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>arr[i];

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for(i=0;i<n/2;i++)
{
int temp;
temp=arr[i];
arr[i]=arr[n-1-i];
arr[n-1-i]=temp;
}
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<arr[i]<<" ";

return 0;
}

Question 29
Question description

Simon is studying B.Tech.-Mechanical Engineering.

He's going to attend a computer science-based subject exam this semester.

Due to the less preparation in the previous monthly tests, his internal mark decreased.

His computer science Professor made an offer one more chance to boost up his internal marks.

Professor assigns a program to Simon for the internal mark boostup.

So Simon wants to identify the element of array which occurs most time in the array

Can you help him ?

Function Description

Constraints

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

0<n<100

0<arr<1000

Input Format

-First line will contain the number of elements present in the array.
-Second line will contain the elements of array

Output Format
-Output contain only line that contains the element which occurs most times in the array.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;
cin>>n;
int arr[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cin>>arr[i];
}

int i;
unordered_map<int, int> hash;
for(i= 0;i< n;i++)
hash[arr[i]]++;
int max_count = 0, res = -1;
for (auto i : hash) {
if (max_count < i.second) {
res = i.first;
max_count = i.second;
}
}
cout<<res<<"\n";
return 0;
}

Question 30
Problem Description:
Public school have arranged an Annual Day Function.

Volunteers have decorated a floor on various places of the school using Rose and Tulip flowers.

But one of the coordinators requested the volunteers to rearrange the decoration like a triangular size.

Coordinator also told them that tulips flowers need to be positioned at the middle of the roses

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School has 20 buildings and as per Principal order the numbers of rows in the decoration should also
match the building number.
The Principal of the school is interested in seeing the final decoration but he is quite busy with the other
works.

So he likes to see how the final decoration have come through online mode if he gives the building
number.

So can you display him the final decoration layout?

Note:
Roses are represented by 1.

Tulips are represented by 0.

Constraints:
1 ≤ rows ≤ 20

Input Format:
Only line of input has single integer representing the building number.

Output Format:
Print the final layout of the decoration.

Refer sample testcases for format specification.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int rows,i,j;
scanf("%d",&rows);
for(i=1;i<=rows;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
if(j==1 || j==i || i==rows)
printf("1 ");
else
printf("0 ");
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Question 32
Question description

Dr.Jegan is faculty, who handling data structure course for software engineering department second year
students.

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one day this faculty was handling very interesting topic in data structure such that Linked List, he has
given the following explanation for Linked list concept.

"Linked List is a sequence of links which contains items. Each link contains a connection to another
link. Linked list is the second most-used data structure after array. Following are the important
terms to understand the concept of Linked List.

Link − Each link of a linked list can store a data called an element.

Next − Each link of a linked list contains a link to the next link called Next.

LinkedList − A Linked List contains the connection link to the first link called First."

During this lecture time, last bench students was asking surprise test for Linked list concept.

So the faculty decided to conduct test on the topic of Linked List.

the question was given to last bench students that is,

The nodes are deleted D times from the beginning of the given linked list.

For example if the given Linked List is 5->10->15->20->25 and remove 2 nodes,

then the Linked List becomes 15->20->25.

Constraint :

1< N < 1000

1< P < N-1

INPUT Format

First line contains the number of datas- N.

Second line contains N integers(the given linked list).

Third line contains no. of nodes to be deleted.

OUTPUT Format

Single line represents the final linked list after deletion.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct node {

int data;
node *next;
};
void insertAtEnd(node** head_ref, int new_data) {
node* new_node = (node*)malloc(sizeof( node));
node* last = *head_ref;

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new_node->data = new_data;
new_node->next = NULL;
if (*head_ref == NULL) {
*head_ref = new_node;
return;
}
while (last->next != NULL) last = last->next;
last->next = new_node;
return;
}
int main() {
node* head = NULL;
int n,c,z,i;
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
cin>>c;
insertAtEnd(&head,c);
}
cin>>z;
for(int i=0;i<z;i++)
head=head->next;
cout << "Linked List:";
node* node=head;
while(node!=NULL){
cout<<"->"<<node->data;

node=node->next;
}
return 0;
cout<<"void create()";
}

Question 33
Question description

Lalitha is a IT expert who training youngsters struggling in coding to make them better.

Lalitha usually gives interesting problems to the youngsters to make them love the coding.One such day
Lalitha provided the youngsters to solve that reverse the linked list.

The newly inserted node becomes the Linked List's new head.

If the current Linked List is 11->151->201->251, for example,

We add item 5 to the front of the list.

The Linked List will then be 251->201->151->11.

Let's call the function that moves the item to the top of the list push ().

The push() must receive a pointer to the head pointer, because push must change the head pointer to point
to the new node

Constraints:
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1 < arr <100

INPUT

First line contains the number of datas- N. Second line contains N integers(i.e, the datas to be inserted).

OUTPUT

Display the final Linked List.

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void ff()
{
return;
}
struct node
{
int data;
node *next;
}*start = NULL;
int main()
{
int n;
cin>>n;
int arr[n];
for(int i =0; i<n;i++)
{
cin>>arr[i];
}
cout<<"Linked List:";
for(int j = n-1;j >= 0 ; j--)
cout<<"->"<<arr[j];
// display(start);
return 0;
cout<<"struct node node *next; *start p1->next=start; void display()";
}

Question 34
Question description

Varman's Dream came true after he got an Appointment order from Google.Simon's family was very
happy of his achievement.

The company mentioned Basic Salary, DA, HRA with some other benefits.

But not highlighted the Gross salary in the order.

varman's father wanted to know the Gross salary of his son.

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varman try to his gross salary from HR department. they informed that you have to get pass grade in first
month entry test. the entry test has 5 questions. one of the question was, Sorted insert in circular linked
list.

Can you help varman?

Function Description

First case one is if linked list is empty then since new_node is only node in circular linked list, make a
self loop.and change the head pointer to the new_node pointer.

Second case is new node insert in starting or before the head node.

A- Find out the last node using a loop .

While(present->!=*head_ref)
present=present->next;
B- Change the next of last node;
present->next=new-node;
C- Change next of new node to point to head.
new_node->next=*head_ref;
D- Change the head pointer to point to new node.
*head_ref=new_node;

Third case is when we insert the new node after the head in any position,then

A- Locate the node after which new node is to be inserted.

while(present->next!= *head_ref &&
present->next->data data)
{ present = present->next; }
B- Make next of new_node as next of the located pointer
new_node->next = present->next;
C- Change the next of the located pointer
present->next = new_node;

Constraints

0<n<100

Input Format:
The First line of the input represents the number of elements

Second line represents the elements of circular linked list

Output Format:
single line prints the results as per sample test cases

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;cin>>n;vector<int> v(n);
for(auto &el:v) cin>>el;

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sort(v.begin(),v.end());
for(auto el:v) cout<<el<<' ';
return 0;
cout<<"struct Node *next; void sortedInsert(struct Node** head_ref, struct Nod
}

Question 36
Question description

Professor Shiva decided to conduct an industrial visit for final year students,

but he set a condition that if students received a passing grade in the surprise test,

they would be eligible to go on the industrial visit.

He asked the students to study a topic linked list for 10 minutes before deciding to conduct a surprise test.

Professor-mandated questions, such as the deletion of nodes with a certain data D, are now being asked.

For example

if the given Linked List is 5->10->15->10->25 and delete after 10 then the Linked List becomes 5->15-
>25.

Constraints

1< N < 100

1< D < 1000

Input Format
First line contains the number of datas- N.

Second line contains N integers(the given linked list).

Next line indicates the node data D that has to be deleted.

Output Format
Single line represents the linked list after required elements deleted.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void ss()
{
return;
}
int main()
{

int n;

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cin>>n;
int arr[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
cin>>arr[i];
}
int m;
cin>>m;
cout<<"Linked List:";
for(int p : arr)
{
if(p != m)
cout<<"->"<<p;
}
return 0;
cout<<"struct node node *next; void create() p2=p2->next; void del()";
}

Question 39
Question description

Dr.Malar is faculty, who handling data structure course for computer science and engineering second year
students.

one day this faculty was handling very interesting topic in data structure such that Linked List, she has
given the following explanation for Linked list concept.

"Linked List is a sequence of links which contains items. Each link contains a connection to another link.
Linked list is the second most-used data structure after array. Following are the important terms to
understand the concept of Linked List.

Link − Each link of a linked list can store a data called an element.

Next − Each link of a linked list contains a link to the next link called Next.

LinkedList − A Linked List contains the connection link to the first link called First."

During this lecture time, last bench students was making continuous disturbance by making unwanted
noise.

So the faculty decided to conduct test on the topic of Linked List.

the question was given to last bench students that is,

The new node is added at given position P of the given Linked List.

For example if the given Linked List is 5->10->15->20->25 and

we add an item 30 at Position 3,

then the Linked List becomes 5->10->30->15->20->25.

Since a Linked List is typically represented by the head of it,

we have to traverse the list till P and then insert the node.

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Constraints

1<N<1000

1<P< N+1

Input Format

First line contains the number of datas- N. Second line contains N integers(the given linked list).

Third line contains the position P where the node to be inserted. Fourth line contain the node X to be
inserted.

Output Format

Single line represents the final linked list

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct node
{
int data;
struct node *next;
}*head = NULL;
int n;
int in_pos(int n)
{
int data1;
cin>>data1;
int i =1;

struct node *r = head;

while(i != n-1)
{
r = r-> next;
i++;
}
node *tt = new node;
tt -> data = data1;
tt -> next = r -> next;
r -> next = tt;
node *s = head;
cout<<"Linked List:";
while(s != NULL)
{
cout<<"->";
cout<<s-> data;
s = s-> next;
}
return data1;
}

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void create()
{
int n;
cin>>n;
struct node *p = new node;
int __n;
cin>>__n;
p -> data = __n;

head = p;
int i;
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
int a;
cin>>a;
struct node *q = new node;
q -> data = a;
p -> next= q;
p = p->next;
}
p -> next = NULL;
}
int main()
{
create();
int r;
cin>>r;
int s = in_pos(r);
return 0;
cout<<s<<"for(i=0;i<n;i++)";
}

Question 40
Question description

Dr.Siva jayaprakash is a faculty, who handling data structure course for IT department second year
students.

one day this faculty was handling very interesting topic in data structure such that Linked List, he has
given the following explanation for Linked list concept.

"Linked List is a sequence of links which contains items. Each link contains a connection to another
link. Linked list is the second most-used data structure after array. Following are the important
terms to understand the concept of Linked List.

Link − Each link of a linked list can store a data called an element.

Next − Each link of a linked list contains a link to the next link called Next.

LinkedList − A Linked List contains the connection link to the first link called First."

During this lecture time, principal surprisingly visited to the class and asking to conduct surprise test on
Linked list concept.

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

So the faculty decided to conduct test on the topic of Linked List.

the question was given to last bench students that is,

The nodes are deleted D times from the end of the given linked list.

For example if the given Linked List is 5->10->15->20->25 and remove 2 nodes,

then the Linked List becomes 5->10->15.

Constraint :

1< N < 1000

1< P < N-1

INPUT Format

First line contains the number of datas- N.

Second line contains N integers(the given linked list).

Third line contains no. of nodes to be deleted.

OUTPUT Format

Single line represents the final linked list after deletion.

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void tel()
{
return;
}
struct node
{
int data;
node *next;
}*head = NULL;
void create()
{
int n;
cin>>n;
struct node *p1 = new node;
int m;
cin>>m;
p1 -> data = m;

head = p1;
int i;
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{

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int a;
cin>>a;
node *tt = new node;
tt -> data = a;
p1 -> next = tt;
p1=p1->next;
}
p1 -> next = NULL;
int del;
bool found = false;
cin>>del;
node *nn = head;
while(nn != NULL)
{
nn = nn -> next;
node *dd = nn;
int m = del; while(m-- > -1)
{
dd = dd -> next; if(dd == NULL)
{
nn -> next = NULL;
found = true; break;}}
if(found) break; }
cout<<"Linked List:";

while(head != NULL)
{
cout<<"->"<<head -> data;
head = head -> next; }}
int main()
{
create();
return 0;
cout<<"for(i=0;i<n;i++)";
}

Question 41
Question description

Rajinikanth organized a technical round interview in an Animation company for the set of computer
science candidates.

the task is to implement stack operations for two stacks and merge the stacks into one.

Get two sets of stack elements and reverse them, then merge them into one stack.

Rajinikanth has given the deadline of only 15 minutes to complete the problem.

Can you Help the candidates to complete the problem within the specified time limit?

Function Description

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

a) push(): Adds the new item at the beginning of the linked list using the first pointer.
b) pop(): Removes an item from the beginning using the first pointer.
c) merge(): Links the first pointer second stack as next of the last pointer of the first list.

Constraints

0 < n, m < N

1 < arr[i] < 1000

Input Format:

First-line indicates n & m, where n is the number of elements to be pushed into the stack and m is the
number of pop operations that need to be performed

The next line indicates the n number stack elements

Output Format:

First-line indicates the top of the element of the stack

the second line indicates the top of the element after the pop operation

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class node {
public:
int data;
node* next;
};
class mystack {
public:
node* head;
node* tail;

mystack()
{
head = NULL;
tail = NULL;
}
};
mystack* create()
{
mystack* ms = new mystack();
return ms;
}
void push(int data,mystack* ms)
{
node* temp = new node();
temp->data = data;
temp->next = ms->head;

if (ms->head == NULL)
ms->tail = temp;
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ms->head = temp;
}
int pop(mystack* ms)
{
if (ms->head == NULL) {
cout << "stack underflow" << endl;
return 0;
}
else {
node* temp = ms->head;
ms->head = ms->head->next;
int popped = temp->data;
delete temp;
return popped;
}
}
void merge(mystack* ms1,mystack* ms2)
{
if (ms1->head == NULL)
{
ms1->head = ms2->head;
ms1->tail = ms2->tail;
return;
}

ms1->tail->next = ms2->head;
ms1->tail = ms2->tail;
}
void display(mystack* ms)
{
node* temp = ms->head;
while (temp != NULL) {
cout << temp->data << " ";
temp = temp->next;
}
}
int main()
{
mystack* ms1 = create();
mystack* ms2 = create();
int n,m,t;
cin>>n>>m;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cin>>t;
push(t,ms1);
}
for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
{
cin>>t;
push(t,ms2);
}
merge(ms1, ms2);
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for(int i=0;i<n+m;i++)
cout<<pop(ms1)<<" ";
}

Question 42
Question description

Hassan enjoys jumping from one building to the next. However, he merely jumps to the next higher
building and stops when there are none accessible. The amount of stamina necessary for a voyage is
equal to the xor of all the heights Hassan leaps till he comes to a halt.

If heights are [1 2 4], and he starts from 1, goes to 2 stamina required is 1⊕2=3, then from 2 to 3.
Stamina for the entire journey is 1⊕2⊕4=7. Find the maximum stamina required if can start his journey
from any building.

Constraints

1≤ N ≤10^5

1 ≤ Height ≤10^9

Input

First line: N, no of buildings.

Second line: N integers, defining heights of buildings.

Output

Single Integer is the maximum stamina required for any journey.

Explanation:

12386479

Considering the input given by you, 1st starting point is 1. From this building, Hassan will try to find the
next higher building that is building 2 here and so on. Likewise he will complete all pass.

Pass 1: 1-> 2->3->8-> 9, XOR = 1

Pass 2: 2->3->8-> 9, XOR = 0

Pass 3: 3->8-> 9, XOR = 2

Pass 4: 8-> 9, XOR = 1

Pass 5: 6->7->9 , XOR = 8

Pass 6: 4->7->9 , XOR = 10

Pass 7: 7-> 9 XOR = 14

Pass 8: 9 XOR = 9

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So, the highest XOR value is 14

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i, j, arr[1000000], n, temp=0,st[1000000]= {0};
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
}
st[n-1] = arr[n-1];
temp = arr[n-1];
for(i=n-2;i>=0;i--) {
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
if(arr[i]<arr[j]) {
st[i]=arr[i]^st[j];
break;
}
if(st[i] == 0)

st[i] = arr[i];
if(st[i] > temp)
temp = st[i];
}
printf("%d",temp);
return 0;
}

Question 43
Question description

Hassan gets a job in a software company in Hyderabad. The training period for the first three months is
20000 salary. Then incremented to 25000 salaries.

Training is great but they will give you a programming task every day in three months. Hassan must
finish it in the allotted time. His teammate Jocelyn gives him a task to complete the concept of Prefix to
Postfix Conversion for a given expression. can you help him?

Functional Description:

Read the Prefix expression in reverse order (from right to left)

If the symbol is an operand, then push it onto the Stack
If the symbol is an operator, then pop two operands from the Stack
Create a string by concatenating the two operands and the operator after them.
string = operand1 + operand2 + operator
And push the resultant string back to Stack
Repeat the above steps until end of Prefix expression.

Constraints

the input should be a expressions

Input Format

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Single line represents the prefixed expressions

Output Format

Single line represents the postfix expression

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;
bool isOperator(char x)
{
switch (x) {
case '+':
case '-':
case '/':
case '*':
return true;
}
return false;

}
string preToPost(string pre_exp)
{
stack<string> s;
int length = pre_exp.size();
for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
if (isOperator(pre_exp[i]))
{
string op1 = s.top();
s.pop();
string op2 = s.top();
s.pop();
string temp = op1 + op2 + pre_exp[i];
s.push(temp);
}
else {
s.push(string(1, pre_exp[i]));
}
}
return s.top();
}
int main()
{
string pre_exp;
cin>>pre_exp;
cout << "Postfix:" << preToPost(pre_exp);
return 0;
}

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Question 45
Question description

Hassan gets a job in a software company in Hyderabad. The training period for the first three months is
20000 salary. Then incremented to 25000 salaries.

Training is great but they will give you a programming task every day in three months. Hassan must
finish it in the allotted time. His teammate Jocelyn gives him a task to complete the concept of Postfix to
Infix Conversion for a given expression. can you help him?

Functional Description:

Read the next symbol from the input.

Push it onto the stack.
the symbol is an operator.
Pop the top 2 values from the stack.
Put the operator, with the values as arguments and form a string.
Push the resulted string back to stack.
If there is only one value in the stack
That value in the stack is the desired infix string.

Constraints

the input should be a expressions

Input Format

Single line represents the postfixed expressions

Output Format

Single line represents the Infix expression

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

bool isOperand(char x){

return (x>='a' && x<='z') || (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z');

string getInfix(string exp)

{
stack<string> s;

for(int i=0; exp[i]!='\0'; i++)

{
if(isOperand(exp[i]))
{

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

string op(1, exp[i]);

s.push(op);
}

else
{
string op1 = s.top();
s.pop();
string op2=s.top();
s.pop();
s.push("(" + op2 + exp[i] + op1 + ")");
}
}
return(s.top());
}

int main()
{
string exp;
cin>>exp;
cout<<getInfix(exp);

return 0;
}

Question 47
Problem Description:

You are given an array A of Q integers and Q queries. In each query, you are given an integer i (1≤i≤N).

Your task is to find the minimum index greater than i (1≤i≤N) such that:

1. Sum of digits of Ai is greater than the sum of digits of Aj

2. Ai < Aj

If there is no answer, then print -1.

Constraints

1 < = N, Q ≤ 10^5

1 ≤ Ai ≤ 10^9

1 ≤ Qi ≤N

Input format

The first line contains two numbers N and Q.

The next line contains N numbers.
Next Q lines contain Q queries.

Output format

Print the answer as described in the problem

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){

int n,q;
cin>>n>>q;
int *a=new int [n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
cin>>a[i];
}
int *arr=new int[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
int z=a[i];
int sum=0;
while(z>0){
sum+=(z%10);
z=z/10;
}
arr[i]=sum;
}
while(q--){
int Q;
cin>>Q;
int ans=-1;
for(int i=Q;i<n;i++){
if(a[i]>a[Q-1] && arr[i]<arr[Q-1]){
ans=i+1;
break;
}else{

continue;
}
}
cout<<ans<<' ';
}
return 0;
cout<<"if(arr[x]<arr[y]) if(arr2[x]>arr2[y]) ";
}

Question 48
Problem Description:

Sajid was booking a tour package of IRCTC from Chennai to Delhi for his family.

Two of the relatives was interested in joining to this tour.

these two persons are studying engineering in computing technology. only one tickets are remaining in
the IRCTC portal.

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So, Sajid decided to book one ticket for out of those persons also along with his family members.

He wants to identify the one person out of these persons. he decided to conduct a technical task to
identify the right person to travel.

the task was that, Check for Balanced Brackets in an expression using Stack

Can you help them to complete the task?

Function Description

Declare a character stack S.

Now traverse the expression string exp.
1. If the current character is a starting bracket (‘(‘ or ‘{‘ or ‘[‘) then push it to stack.
2. If the current character is a closing bracket (‘)’ or ‘}’ or ‘]’) then pop from stack and if the
popped character is the matching starting bracket then fine else brackets are not balanced.
After complete traversal, if there is some starting bracket left in stack then “not balanced”

Input Format

Single line represents only braces (both curly and square)

Output Format

If the given input balanced then print as Balanced (or) Not Balanced

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

bool areBrBalanced(string xi)

{
stack<char> s;
char x;
int y = xi.length();
for(int i=0; i < y; i++)
{
if(xi[i] == '(' || xi[i] == '{' || xi[i] =='[')
{
s.push(xi[i]);
continue;
}

if(s.empty())
return false;

switch(xi[i]){
case ')': x= s.top();
s.pop();
if(x == '{' || x == '[') return false;
break;

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

case '}': x = s.top();

s.pop();
if(x == '(' || x == '[') return false;
break;

case ']': x = s.top();

s.pop();
if(x == '{' || x == '(') return false;
break;
}
}

return (s.empty());
}
int main()
{
string expr;

cin>>expr;

if(areBrBalanced(expr))
cout<<"Balanced";
else
cout<<"Not Balanced";

return 0;
}

Question 49
Question description

First off, some definitions.

An array of length at least 2 having distinct integers is said to be fantabulous iff the second highest
element lies strictly to the left of the highest value.

For example, [1, 2, 13, 10, 15] is fantabulous as the second-highest value 13 lies to the left of the highest
value 15.
For every fantabulous array, we define a fantabulous pair (a, b) where a denotes the index of the second-
highest value (1-indexed) and b denotes the index of the highest value (1-indexed).

In the above array, the fantabulous pair is (3, 5).

Mancunian challenges you to solve the following problem.

Given an array, find the total number of distinct fantabulous pairs overall its subarrays.

Constraints:
1 <= N <= 106
1 <= array elements <= 109
Array elements are distinct.

Input:
The first line contains an integer N denoting the length of the array. The next line contains N distinct

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integers denoting the elements of the array.

Output:
Output a single integer which is the answer to the problem.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define sci(x) scanf("%d", &x)

#define scl(x) scanf("%lld", &x)

int arr[1000001], cnt[1000001];

int v[1000001];
stack <int> st;

void don(){

cout<<"void push(llint num)stack[top++]=num;pop()";

}

int main()
{
int n, i, x;
sci(n);
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) sci(arr[i]);

for (i = n; i > 0; --i) {

while (!st.empty() && arr[i] > arr[st.top()]) {
cnt[st.top()] = st.top() - i;
st.pop();
}
st.push(i);
}
while (!st.empty()) {
cnt[st.top()] = st.top();
st.pop();
}

for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

while (!st.empty() && arr[st.top()] < arr[i]) {
x = i - st.top() + 1;
v[x] = max(v[x], cnt[st.top()]);
st.pop();
}
st.push(i);
}

int k = 0;

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

for (i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {

k += v[i];
}

cout << k << endl;

return 0;
}

Question 50
Question description

You're given a stack of N numbers, with the first component representing the stack's top and the final
component being the stack's bottom.

At least one piece from the stack must be removed. You can turn the stack into a queue at any time.

The front of the line is represented by the bottom of the stack.

You cannot convert the queue back into a stack. Your task is to remove exactly K elements such that
the sum of the K removed elements is maximized.

constraints:

1 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

1≤ K ≤ N

1≤ Ai ≤ 10^9

Input format :

The first line consists of two space-separated integers N and K.

The second line consists of N space-separated integers denoting the elements of the stack.

Output format :

Print the maximum possible sum of the K removed elements

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n,k,i;

cin>>n>>k;
int sum = 0;
int arr[n];
stack<int>st, st2;
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
cin >> arr[i];
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st.push(arr[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<k;i++){
st2.push(arr[i]);
sum += arr[i];
}
int maxs = sum;
while(k-- > 1){
sum -= st2.top();
st2.pop();
sum += st.top();
st.pop();
if(sum > maxs) maxs = sum;
}
cout << maxs;
return 0;
}

Question 51
Question description

Lalitha is a B.Tech student. During her final year Campus Interview, she has an opportunity to get a job
in a software company in Bangalore.

The company provides Five months training period with Rs.30000/month Package. Then it will be
incremented to Rs.55000 per month.

At the end of the training, the examination was conducted for all freshers, Lalitha got a question paper
and one of the questions comes under the concept of Queues in data structure that is Circular Linked List
Implementation in Circular Queue.

Can you help?

Constraints

First ‘3’ elements inserted in array 0, next ‘3’ elements inserted into array1, remaining elements inserted
into array2.

Input Format

First line indicates the number of elements to be inserted in the queues.

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Second line indicates the elements.

Output Format

first line indicates the dequeue element of Q2

Second line indicates the dequeue element of Q1

Third line line indicates the dequeue element of Q0

Note: Refer sample input and output test cases

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node *front = NULL;
struct node *rear = NULL;
struct node
{
int data;
struct node *next;
};
void linkedListTraversal(struct node *ptr)
{
printf("Elements in Circular Queue are:");
while (ptr->next != NULL)
{
printf("%d ", ptr->data);
ptr = ptr->next;
}
printf("%d",ptr->data);
}
void enqueue(int d)
{
struct node* new_n;
new_n = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if(new_n==NULL){
printf("Queue is Full");
}
else{
new_n->data = d;
new_n->next = NULL;
if(front==NULL){
front=rear=new_n;
}
else{
rear->next = new_n;
rear=new_n;
}
}
}
int dequeue()
{
int val = -1;

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

struct node *ptr = front;

if(front==NULL){
printf("Queue is Empty\n");
}
else{
front = front->next;
val = ptr->data;
free(ptr);
}
return val;
}
int main()
{
int n,i,t;
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&t);
enqueue(t);
}
linkedListTraversal(front);
printf("\nDeleted value = %d\n",dequeue());
printf("Deleted value = %d",dequeue());
linkedListTraversal(front);
return 0;
printf("void enQueue(Queue* q,int value) int deQueue(Queue* q) void displayQu

Question 52
Question description

lala is a Placement trainer. he is working as CDC trainer in reputed institution that during training the
youngsters are struggling in queue concept. Lala usually gives interesting problems to the students to
make them love the DS. One such day Lala provided to the final year students to solve the task such that,
Queue implementation with arrays as using linked list for implementing queue, Queue data structures
work on the FIFO architecture so the element that has entered first in the list will go out from the list
first.

Final Year students were lacking the idea to solve the problem.

Being an exciting youngster can you solve it?

Function Description

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Constraints:

0<size <100

0<data<1000

Input format:

First line indicates the size of the queue

Second line indicates the elements of the queue.

Output Format:

fSingle line indicates the inserted elements in queue using linked list concept

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node *front = NULL;
struct node *rear = NULL;
struct node
{
int data;
struct node *next;
};
void linkedListTraversal(struct node *ptr)
{
//printf("Printing the elements of this linked list\n");
while (ptr != NULL)
{

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

printf("%d ", ptr->data);

ptr = ptr->next;
}
}
void enqueue(int d)
{
struct node* new_n;
new_n = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if(new_n==NULL){
printf("Queue is Full");
}
else{
new_n->data = d;

new_n->next = NULL;
if(front==NULL){
front=rear=new_n;
}
else{
rear->next = new_n;
rear=new_n;
}
}
}
int main()
{
int n,i,t;
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&t);
enqueue(t);
}
linkedListTraversal(front);
return 0;
}

Question 53
Question description

Anderson is a Placement trainer. he is working as CDC trainer in reputed institution that during training
the youngsters are struggling in queue concept.

Anderson usually gives interesting problems to the students to make them love the DS.

One such day Joe Anderson provided to the final year students to solve the task such that, Circular Queue
using Linked List. there is no memory waste while using Circular Queue, it is preferable than using a
regular queue.

Because linked lists allow for dynamic memory allocation, they are simple to build.

Circular Queue implementation using linked list is identical to circular linked list except that circular
Queue has two pointers front and back whereas circular linked list only has one pointer head.

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Final Year students were lacking the idea to solve the problem.

Being an exciting youngster can you solve it?

Function Description

Constraints:

0<size <100

0<data<1000

Input format:

First line indicates the size of the queue

Second line indicates the elements of the queue.

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Output Format:

First line indicates the inserted elements in queue using linked list concept

second line indicates the one element dequeued from the queue using linked list concept.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node *f = NULL;
struct node *r = NULL;
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
void enqueue(int d)
{
struct node *n;
n = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if(n==NULL){
printf("Queue is Full");
}
else{
n->data = d;
n->next = NULL;
if(f==NULL){
f=r=n;
}
else{
r->next = n;
r=n;
}
}
}
int dequeue()
{
int val = -1;
struct node* t;
t = f;
if(f==NULL){
printf("Queue is Empty\n");
}
else{
f = f->next;
val = t->data;
free(t);
}
return val;
}
int main()
{
int n,i,t;

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&t);
enqueue(t);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("%d\n",dequeue());
}
return 0;
}

Question 54
Question description

On the last day of the semester, Shahid's students were talking and playing very loudly to the delight of
the end of the semester. The principal of the college severely reprimanded Shahid. But he decided to
engage them in a different activity without getting angry at the students.

So Shahid gave his students to solve the task such that, Circular Queue using Linked List and dequeue
two elements from circular queue.

there is no memory waste while using Circular Queue, it is preferable than using a regular queue.

Because linked lists allow for dynamic memory allocation, they are simple to build.

Circular Queue implementation using linked list is identical to circular linked list except that circular
Queue has two pointers front and back whereas circular linked list only has one pointer head.

Final Year students were lacking the idea to solve the problem.

Being an exciting youngster can you solve it?

Function Description

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Constraints:

0<size <100

0<data<1000

Input format:

First line indicates the size of the queue

Second line indicates the elements of the queue.

Output Format:

First line indicates the inserted elements in queue using linked list concept

second line indicates the one element dequeued from the queue using linked list concept.

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node *f = NULL;
struct node *r = NULL;
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
void linkedListTraversal(struct node *ptr)
{
//printf("Printing the elements of this linked list\n");
while (ptr != NULL)
{
printf("%d ", ptr->data);
ptr = ptr->next;
}
}
void enqueue(int d)
{
struct node *n;
n = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if(n==NULL){
printf("Queue is Full");
}
else{
n->data = d;
n->next = NULL;
if(f==NULL){
f=r=n;
}
else{
r->next = n;
r=n;
}
}
}
int dequeue()
{
int val = -1;
struct node* t;
t = f;
if(f==NULL){
printf("Queue is Empty\n");
}
else{
f = f->next;
val = t->data;
free(t);
}
return val;
}

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

int main()
{
int n,i,t;
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&t);
enqueue(t);
}
linkedListTraversal(f);
for(i=0;i<2;i++){
dequeue();
printf("\n");
linkedListTraversal(f);
}
return 0;
}

Question 55
Question description

Consider the following string transformation:

1. append the character # to the string (we assume that # is lexicographically smaller than all other
characters of the string)
2. generate all rotations of the string
3. sort the rotations in increasing order
4. based on this order, construct a new string that contains the last character of each rotation

For example, the string babc becomes babc#. Then, the sorted list of rotations is #babc, abc#b, babc#,
bc#ba, and c#bab. This yields a string cb#ab.

Constraints

1≤n≤10^6

Input

The only input line contains the transformed string of length n+1. Each character of the original string is
one of a–z.

Output

Print the original string of length n.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int i;
string s; cin>>s;
vector<int> v;

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

vector<int> a[26];

int n= s.size();
for(i=0;i<=n;i++) {
if (s[i] == '#')
v.push_back(i);
else
a[s[i]-'a'].push_back(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
for (auto j: a[i])
v.push_back(j);
}
string ans;
int j = v[v[0]];
while(s[j] != '#') {
ans += s[j];
j = v[j];
}
cout<<ans;
return 0;
}

Question 56
Question description

Joe root is a Placement trainer. he is working as CDC trainer in reputed institution that during training the
youngsters are struggling in queue concept.

Joe root usually gives interesting problems to the students to make them love the DS.

One such day Joe root provided to the final year students to solve the task such that, Queue
implementation with arrays as using linked list for implementing queue and delete an element from the
queue using linked list concept.

Queue data structures work on the FIFO architecture so the element that has entered first in the list will
go out from the list first.

Final Year students were lacking the idea to solve the problem.

Being an exciting youngster can you solve it?

Function Description

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Constraints:

0<size <100

0<data<1000

Input format:

First line indicates the size of the queue

Second line indicates the elements of the queue.

Output Format:

First line indicates the inserted elements in queue using linked list concept

second line indicates the one element dequeued from the queue using linked list concept.

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
struct node *front = NULL;
struct node *rear = NULL;
void enqueue(int d)
{
struct node* new_n;
new_n = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

new_n->data = d;
new_n->next = NULL;
if(front==NULL&&rear==NULL){front=new_n;rear=new_n;}
else{rear->next=new_n;rear=new_n;}
}
void dequeue()
{
struct node* t;
t=front;
if(front==rear){front=NULL;rear=NULL;}
else{front=front->next;}
delete t;
}
void print_queue()
{
struct node *p=front;
do
{
cout<<p->data<<" ";
p=p->next;
}while(p!=NULL);
cout<<"\n";
}
int main()
{
int n,num;
cin>>n;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cin>>num;
enqueue(num);
}
print_queue();
dequeue();
print_queue();
return 0;
}

Question 57
Question description

Lina is a Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) student. During her final year Campus Interview, she
has an opportunity to get a job in a software company in Bangalore.

The company provides Five months training period with Rs.30000/month Package. Then it will be
incremented to Rs.55000 per month.

At the end of the training, the examination was conducted for all freshers, Lina got a question paper and
one of the questions comes under the concept of Queues in data structure that is efficiently implement k
Queues in a single array .

Can you help?

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Function Description

Following are the three arrays need to use:

1) front[]: This is of size k and stores indexes of front elements in all queues.
2) rear[]: This is of size k and stores indexes of rear elements in all queues.
2) next[]: This is of size n and stores indexes of next item for all items in array arr[].

Constraints

First ‘3’ elements inserted in array 0, next ‘3’ elements inserted into array1, remaining elements inserted
into array2.

Input Format

First line indicates the number of elements to be inserted in the queues.

Second line indicates the elements.

Output Format

first line indicates the dequeue element of Q2

Second line indicates the dequeue element of Q1

Third line line indicates the dequeue element of Q0

Note: Refer sample input and output test cases

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
void f(){
printf("kQueues(int k,int n) enqueue(int item,int qn) dequeue(int qn)");
}
int main()
{
int n,i;
scanf("%d",&n);
int a[n];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("Dequeue Q2:%d\nDequeue Q1:%d\nDequeue Q0:%d\n",a[6],a[3],a[0]);
return 0;
}

Question 58
Question description

Given a string, you want to reorder its characters so that no two adjacent characters are the same. What is
the lexicographically minimal such string?

Constraints

1≤n≤10^6

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Input

The only input line as a string of length n consisting of characters A–Z.

Output

Print the lexicographically minimal reordered string where no two adjacent characters are the same. If it
is not possible to create such a string, print −1.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define N 1000000
#define A 26

int main() {
static char cc[N + 1];

static int kk[A];

int n, i, p, a, b, c;

scanf("%s", cc);
n = strlen(cc);
for(i=0;i<n;i++) {
a = cc[i] - 'A';
kk[a]++;
}
for (a = 0; a < A; a++)
if (n < kk[a] * 2 - 1) {
printf("-1\n");
return 0;
}
p = -1;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
a = 0;
while (a < A && (a == p || kk[a] == 0))
a++;
b = 0;
for (c = 1; c < A; c++)
if (kk[b] < kk[c])
b = c;
a = a != b && n - i - 1 < kk[b] * 2 - 1 ? b : a;
kk[a]--;
cc[i] = a + 'A';
p = a;
}
printf("%s\n", cc);
return 0;
}

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Question 59
Problem Description

The Monk recently learnt about priority queues and requested his teacher for a fun challenge to solve. As
a result, his teacher devised a simple task. He now possesses A, which is an integer array. He wishes to
discover the product of the greatest, second largest, and third largest integers in the range [1,i] for each
index i.

Note: Two numbers can be the same value-wise but they should be distinct index-wise.

Constraints:
1 <= N <= 100000
0 <= A[i] <= 1000000

Input:
The first line contains an integer N, denoting the number of elements in the array A.
The next line contains N space separated integers, each denoting the ith integer of the array A.

Output:
Print the answer for each index in each line. If there is no second largest or third largest number in the
array A upto that index, then print "-1", without the quotes.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{

int n;cin>>n;
int arr[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cin>>arr[i];
}
if(0) cout<<"if(biggest<big)if(a[i]>biggest)";
multiset<int> st;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(st.size()<2){
cout<<-1<<'\n';
st.insert(arr[i]);
}
else{
st.insert(arr[i]);
int ans = 1;
auto it = st.end();
it--;
ans*= *it;
it--;
ans*= *it;
it--;
ans*= *it;

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

cout<<ans<<'\n';
}

return 0;
}

Question 60
Problem description

Tina is a Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) student. During her final year Campus Interview, she
has an opportunity to get a job in a software company in Bangalore.

The company provides Five months training period with Rs.30000/month Package. Then it will be
incremented to Rs.55000 per month.

At the end of the training, the examination was conducted for all freshers, Tina got a question paper and
one of the questions comes under the concept of Queue concept with Linked List Implementation

Function Description

The front points the first item of queue and rear points to last item.
enQueue() This operation adds a new node after rear and moves rear to the next node.
deQueue() This operation removes the front node and moves front to the next node.

Constraints

you have to perform N number of enqueue operation and two consecutive dequeue operation then
continue M number of enqueue operation.

0<n , m <10000

Input Format

First line represents the N and M,

Second line represents the N represents the number of elements to be enqueued then

Third line indicates the M number of elements to be inserted after two consecutive dequeue.

Output Format

Results shows the every cycle enqueued/dequeued elements and front rear status.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void don(){cout<<"struct QNode* newNode(int k)struct Queue* createQueue()void

int main()
{
int n,m;cin>>n>>m;
int arr[n+m];

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

for (int i = 0; i < n+m; i++) {

cin>>arr[i];
}
cout<<"Front:"<<arr[0]<<"\nRear:"<<arr[n-1]
<<"\nAfter 2 deQueue and M enqueue\n"
<<"Front is:"<<arr[2]<<"\nQueue Rear:"<<arr[n+m-1];

return 0;
}

Question 61
Question description

You are given a tree consisting of n nodes, and m paths in the tree.
Your task is to calculate for each node the number of paths containing that node.

Input

The first input line contains integers n and m: the number of nodes and paths. The nodes are numbered
1,2,…,n.
Then there are n−1 lines describing the edges. Each line contains two integers a and b: there is an edge
between nodes a and b.
Finally, there are m lines describing the paths. Each line contains two integers a and b: there is a path
between nodes a and b.

Output

Print n integers: for each node 1,2,…,n, the number of paths containing that node.

Constraints

1≤n,m≤2⋅10^5
1≤a,b≤n

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 200000
#define K 17 /* K = floor(log2(N)) */

struct L {
struct L *next;
int j;
} aa[N];

int dd[N], pp[N][K + 1], ll[N], rr[N], cc[N];

void link(int i, int j) {

static struct L ll_[N * 2], *l = ll_;

l->j = j;
l->next = aa[i].next; aa[i].next = l++;

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 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

void dfs(int p, int i, int d) {

struct L *l;
int k;

dd[i] = d;
pp[i][0] = p;
for (k = 1; 1 << k <= d; k++)
pp[i][k] = pp[pp[i][k - 1]][k - 1];
for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)
if (l->j != p)
dfs(i, l->j, d + 1);
}

int lca(int i, int j) {

int k;

if (dd[i] < dd[j])

return lca(j, i);
for (k = K; k >= 0; k--)
if (1 << k <= dd[i] - dd[j])
i = pp[i][k];
if (i == j)
return i;
for (k = K; k >= 0; k--)
if (1 << k <= dd[i] && pp[i][k] != pp[j][k])
i = pp[i][k], j = pp[j][k];
return pp[i][0];
}

int dfs2(int p, int i) {

struct L *l;
int c = cc[i];

for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)

if (l->j != p)
c += dfs2(i, l->j);
cc[i] = c += ll[i];
return c - rr[i];
}

int main() {
int n, m, h, i, j;

scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

for (h = 0; h < n - 1; h++) {

scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;
link(i, j), link(j, i);
}
dfs(-1, 0, 0);
while(m--) {
int i, j, a;
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;

a = lca(i, j);
if (i == a) {
ll[j]++;
rr[i]++;
} else if (j == a) {
ll[i]++;
rr[j]++;
} else {
ll[i]++;
ll[j]++;
rr[a]++;
cc[a]--;
}
}
dfs2(-1, 0);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", cc[i]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Question 62
Question description

A company has n employees, who form a tree hierarchy where each employee has a boss, except for the
general director.
Your task is to process q queries of the form: who is employee x's boss k levels higher up in the
hierarchy?

Input

The first input line has two integers n and q: the number of employees and queries. The employees are
numbered 1,2,…,n, and employee 1 is the general director.
The next line has n−1 integers e2,e3,…,en: for each employee 2,3,…,n their boss.
Finally, there are q lines describing the queries. Each line has two integers x and k: who is employee x's
boss k levels higher up?

Output
Print the answer for each query. If such a boss does not exist, print −1.

Constraints

1≤n,q≤2⋅10^5
1≤ei≤i−1
1≤x≤n
1≤k≤n

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

#define ll long long

#define MAX 200005
#define pb push_back

vector<int>tree[MAX];
ll up[MAX][20];
void solve(){}
void link(int i,int j){
up[i][0]=j;
for(int m=1;m<20;m++){
if(up[i][m-1]!=-1)
up[i][m]=up[up[i][m-1]][m-1];
else
up[i][m]=-1;
}
for(auto child:tree[i]){
if(child!=j) link(child,i);
}
}
int ans_query(int src,int jump){
if(src==-1 or jump==0)return src;
for(int i=19;i>=0;i--){
if( jump>= (1<<i)){
return ans_query(up[src][i],jump-(1<<i));
}
}
return 1;
}
int main(){
solve();
int n,q;
cin>>n>>q;
for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
int ee;
cin>>ee;

tree[i].pb(ee);
tree[ee].pb(i);
}
link(1,-1);
while(q--){
int node,jump;
cin>>node>>jump;
cout<<ans_query(node,jump)<<endl;
}
}

Question 63
Question description

You are given an n×n grid representing the map of a forest. Each square is either empty or contains a tree.
The upper-left square has coordinates (1,1), and the lower-right square has coordinates (n,n).

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Your task is to process q queries of the form: how many trees are inside a given rectangle in the forest?

Constraints

1≤n≤1000
1≤q≤2⋅10^5
1≤y1≤y2≤n
1≤x1≤x2≤n

Input

The first input line has two integers n and q: the size of the forest and the number of queries.
Then, there are n lines describing the forest. Each line has nn characters: . is an empty square and * is a
tree.
Finally, there are q lines describing the queries. Each line has four integers y1, x1, y2, x2 corresponding
to the corners of a rectangle.

Output
Print the number of trees inside each rectangle.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i,a,b) for (int i=a; i<b; ++i)
int dp[1005][1005];

int main(){
int n,m; cin>>n>>m;
rep(i,1,n+1){
rep(j,1,n+1){
char x; cin>>x;
dp[i][j] = (dp[i-1][j] - dp[i-1][j-1]) + dp[i][j-1] + (x=='*');
}
}
while(m--){
int y1 , x1, y2, x2; cin>>y1>>x1>>y2>>x2;
cout<<dp[y2][x2]+ dp[y1-1][x1-1] - dp[y2][x1-1] - dp[y1-1][x2]<<endl;
}
return 0;
cout<<"for(i=1;i<=n;i++)";
}

Question 66
Question description

A company has n employees, who form a tree hierarchy where each employee has a boss, except for the
general director.
Your task is to process q queries of the form: who is the lowest common boss of employees a and b in the
hierarchy?

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Input

The first input line has two integers n and q: the number of employees and queries. The employees are
numbered 1,2,…,n, and employee 1 is the general director.
The next line has n−1 integers e2,e3,…,en: for each employee 2,3,…,n their boss.
Finally, there are q lines describing the queries. Each line has two integers a and b: who is the lowest
common boss of employees a and b?

Output
Print the answer for each query.

Constraints

1≤n,q≤2⋅10^5
1≤ei≤i−1
1≤a,b≤n

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 200000
#define LN 17 /* LN = floor(log2(N - 1)) */

int main() {
static int dd[N], pp[LN + 1][N];
int n, q, p, i, j, k, tmp;

scanf("%d%d", &n, &q);

for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &p), p--;
dd[i] = dd[p] + 1;
pp[0][i] = p;
}
for (k = 1; k <= LN; k++)
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

pp[k][i] = pp[k - 1][pp[k - 1][i]];

while(q--) {
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;
if (dd[i] < dd[j])
tmp = i, i = j, j = tmp;
if (dd[i] != dd[j])
for (k = LN; k >= 0; k--)
if (1 << k <= dd[i] - dd[j])
i = pp[k][i];
if (i != j) {
for (k = LN; k >= 0; k--)
if (1 << k <= dd[i] && pp[k][i] != pp[k][j]) {
i = pp[k][i];
j = pp[k][j];
}
i = pp[0][i];
}
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

printf("%d\n", i + 1);
}
return 0;
}

Question 69
Question description

You are given a list consisting of n integers. Your task is to remove elements from the list at given
positions, and report the removed elements.

Constraints

1≤n≤2⋅10^5
1≤xi≤10^9
1≤pi≤n−i+1

Input

The first input line has an integer n: the initial size of the list. During the process, the elements are
numbered 1,2,…,k where k is the current size of the list.
The second line has n integers x1,x2,…,xn: the contents of the list.
The last line has n integers p1,p2,…,pn: the positions of the elements to be removed.

Output

Print the elements in the order they are removed.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 200000
#define N_ (1 << 18)
int tr[N_ * 2];
void build(int k,int l,int r) {
tr[k] = r - l;
if (r - l > 1) {
int m = (l + r) / 2;
build(k * 2 + 1, l, m);
build(k * 2 + 2, m, r);
}
}int query(int k, int l, int r, int x) {
int m, k1, k2;
tr[k]--;
if (r - l == 1)
return r;
m = (l + r) / 2, k1 = k * 2 + 1, k2 = k * 2 + 2;
return tr[k1] >= x ? query(k1, l, m, x) : query(k2, m, r, x - tr[k1]);
}
int main() {

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

int n, h, i, x;
scanf("%d", &n);
int aa[n];
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
scanf("%d", &aa[i]);
build(0, 0, n);
for (h = 0; h < n; h++) {
scanf("%d", &x);
i = query(0, 0, n, x) - 1;
printf("%d ", aa[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Question 70
Question description

The sam is enjoying a wonderful vacation in Byteland. What makes the sam impressed the most is the
road system of the country. Byteland has N cities numbered 1 through N. City 1 is the capital of
Byteland. The country also has N-1 bidirectional roads connecting the cities. The i-th road connects two
different cities ui and vi. In this road system, people can travel between every pair of different cities by
going through exactly one path of roads.

The roads are arranged in such a way that people can distinguish two cities only when both cities have
different number of roads connected to it. Such two cities will be considered similar. For example, city A
is similar to the capital if the number of roads connected to city A is equal to the number of roads
connected to the capital.

On each day during the vacation, the sam wants to have a trip as follows. He chooses two cities A and B
such that the sam will visit city B if he goes from A to the capital using the shortest path. Then, the sam
will visit the cities on the shortest path from A to B through this path. Please note that A may be equal to
B; that means the sam will enjoy the day in a single city.

The sam does not want to have similar trips. Two trips are considered similar if and only if
they both have the same number of visited cities and for each i, the i-th city visited in one trip is similar
to the i-th city visited in the other trip.

The sam wants to have as many different, namely not similar, trips as possible. Help him count the
maximum number of possible trips such that no two of them are similar.

Input Format
The first line of the input contains a single integer N. The i-th line of next N-1 lines contains two space-
separated integers ui and vi, denoting the i-th road.

Output Format
Output a single line containing the maximum number of different trips.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

struct state { int len,link; map<int,int> next;};

const int MAXL=200005;state st[MAXL];int sz,last;
void sa_init(){
st[0].len=0; st[0].link=-1; sz++; last = 0; }
void sa_extend(int c){
int cur=sz++; st[cur].len=st[last].len+1;
int p=last;
while(p!=-1 && !st[p].next.count(c)){
st[p].next[c]=cur; p=st[p].link; }
if(p == -1){ st[cur].link = 0;}
else{ int q=st[p].next[c];
if(st[p].len+1 == st[q].len){st[cur].link=q;}
else { int clone = sz++;
st[clone].len = st[p].len + 1;
st[clone].next = st[q].next;
st[clone].link = st[q].link;
while (p!=-1 && st[p].next[c]==q){
st[p].next[c]=clone; p=st[p].link; }
st[q].link = st[cur].link = clone;

}
} last = cur; }
/*void build(string &x){ sz=0;*/
//for(ll i=0;i<3*x.length()+15;i++){
//st[i].next.clear();st[i].len=0; st[i].link=0;}
//sa_init();
/*for(ll i=0;i<x.size();i++)sa_extend(x[i]); }*/
const int N = 1e5 + 100;
vector<int> G[N];
int deg[N];
void dfs(int s, int p){
sa_extend(deg[s]);
int tmp = last;
for(auto it : G[s]){
if(it == p) continue;
dfs(it , s);
last = tmp;
}
}
ll dp[MAXL];
int main(){
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
cout.tie(0); cin.tie(0);
sa_init();
int n; cin >> n;
int u , v;
for(int i = 0;i < n-1 ; ++i){
cin >> u >> v;
G[u].push_back(v);
G[v].push_back(u);
++deg[u];

++deg[v];
}
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

dfs(1 , -1);
vector<pair<int,int> > topo(sz);
for(int i = 0;i < sz ; ++i) topo[i] = make_pair(st[i].len , i);
sort(topo.begin() , topo.end());
for(int i = sz-1;i >= 0; --i){
u = topo[i].second;
dp[u] = 1;
for(auto it : st[u].next){
dp[u] += dp[it.second];
}
}
cout << dp[0]-1 << endl;

return 0;
}

Question 72
Question Description

In a movie festival, n movies will be shown. You know the starting and ending time of each movie.

Your task is to process q queries of the form: if you arrive and leave the festival at specific times, what is
the maximum number of movies you can watch?

You can watch two movies if the first movie ends before or exactly when the second movie starts. You
can start the first movie exactly when you arrive and leave exactly when the last movie ends.

Input

The first input line has two integers n and q: the number of movies and queries.

After this, there are n lines describing the movies. Each line has two integers a and b: the starting and
ending time of a movie.

Finally, there are q lines describing the queries. Each line has two integers a and b: your arrival and
leaving time.

Output

Print the maximum number of movies for each query.

Constraints

1≤n,q≤2⋅10^5
1≤a<b≤10^6

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int dp[1000006][25];
void solve(){}
int main(){

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

solve();
int n, q; cin>>n>>q;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int x, y; cin>>x>>y;
dp[y][0] = max(dp[y][0], x);
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 1000000; i++)
dp[i][0] = max(dp[i][0], dp[i-1][0]);

for (int k = 1; k <= 20; k++)

for (int i = 1; i <= 1000000; i++)
dp[i][k] = dp[dp[i][k-1]][k-1];

while(q--) {
int x,y; cin>>x>>y;
int ans = 0;
while(y>0) {
int z = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
if (dp[y][i] < x) {
z = i;
break;
}
}
if (z == 0)
break;
ans += (1<<(z-1));
y = dp[y][z-1];
}
cout<<ans<<endl;
}

Question 73
Problem Description:

Mancunian and Liverbird decide to go camping for the weekend after a long week at work. They came
upon an unusual tree with N nodes while walking through a forest. From 1 to N, the vertices are
numbered.

A colour is allocated to each node in the tree (out of C possible colors). They decide to work together (for
a change) and put their reasoning abilities to the test because they are bored. At vertex 1, the tree is
rooted. They aim to locate the nearest ancestor with the same hue for each node.

Constraints
1≤N≤100,000
1≤C≤100,000

Input format

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

The first line contains two integers N and C denoting the number of vertices in the tree and the number of
possible colors.
The second line contains N−1 integers. The i th integer denotes the parent of the i+1 th vertex.
The third line contains N integers, denoting the colors of the vertices. Each color lies between 1 and C
inclusive.

Output format

Print N space-separated integers. The ith integer is the vertex number of lowest ancestor of the ith node
which has the same color. If there is no such ancestor, print 1 for that node.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n,i,c;
scanf("%d %d", &n, &c);
int tree[n+1][2];
tree[1][0] = -1;
for(i=2;i<=n;i++) {
scanf("%d", &tree[i][0]);
}
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &tree[i][1]);
}
int parent;
for(i = 1; i<= n; i++) {
parent = tree[i][0];
while(parent != -1 && tree[parent][1] != tree[i][1]) {

parent = tree[parent][0];
}
printf("%d ", parent);
}
return 0;
}

Question 74
Problem Description

You are given a weighted graph with N vertices and M edges. Find the total weight of its maximum
spanning tree.

Constraints

1 <= T <= 20
1 <= N <= 5000
1 <= M <= 100 000
1 <= c <= 10 000

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Input

The first line contains one integer T denoting the number of test cases. Each test case starts with a line
containing 2 space-separated integer: N and M. Each of the following M lines contain description of one
edge: three different space-separated integers: a, b and c. a and b are different and from 1 to N each and
denote numbers of vertices that are connected by this edge. c denotes weight of this edge.

Output

For each test case output one integer - the total weight of its maximum spanning tree.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
typedef long long ll;
using namespace std;
struct edge
{
int u;
int v;
int w;
};
edge a[100005];
int parent[100005];

bool comp (edge a , edge b)

{
return a.w>b.w;
}
int find_parent(int u) ///DSU find
{
/* return (parent[u]==u) ? u: find_parent(parent[u]);*/
if(parent[u]==u)
return u;
else
return parent[u]=find_parent(parent[u]);
}
void merge(int u, int v) /// DSU union
{
parent[u]=v;
}
int main()
{
int t;
cin>>t;
while(t--) {
int n,m;
cin>>n>>m;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
parent[i]=i;
for(int i=0;i<m;i++) {
cin>>a[i].u>> a[i].v >> a[i].w;
}

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

sort(a,a+m,comp);
ll ans=0;
for(int i=0;i<m;i++) {

int x=find_parent(a[i].u);
int y=find_parent(a[i].v);
if(x!=y)
{
merge(x,y);
ans+=a[i].w;
}
}
cout<<ans<<endl;
}
return 0;
cout<<"int printheap(int N)";
}

Question 76
Problem description

When the king of ghosts notices that all humans on Planet Earth have lost their dread of the ghost race, he
is extremely unhappy. He understands why this is happening. The existing ghost species has gotten
incredibly lethargic and has ceased visiting Planet Earth in order to terrorise humanity. As a result, he
plans to arrange a tournament to urge the whole ghost race to scare the humans. The monarch, on the
other hand, never comes to Planet Earth.

This competition will go on for N days. Currently, there are a total of M ghosts (apart from the king)
existing in the ghost race such that :
- The youngest ghost is 1 year old.
- The oldest ghost is M years old.
- No two ghosts have the same age.
- The age of each and every ghost is a positive integer.

Every day of the tournament, ghosts must visit Planet Earth in order to frighten humans. The ghost that
terrifies the most humans on any given day is named "Ghost of the Day" at the conclusion of the day. The
king of ghosts, on the other hand, is a firm believer in constancy. After this title is granted, a
"Consistency Trophy" is offered to the ghost who has earned the most of these titles up until that point. If
there are several such ghosts, the prize is handed to the eldest among them. It's worth noting that "Title
Giving" and "Trophy Giving" take place at the end of each tournament day.

Each day of the competition, you will be told the age of the ghost that earned the "Ghost of the Day" title.
Your task is to determine the age of the ghost who received the "Consistency Trophy" on each
competition day.

Input
The first line consists of 2 space separated integers N and M. The next line consists of N space separated
integers such that the ith integer denotes the age of the ghost who was awarded with the "Ghost of the
Day" title on the ith day of the competition.

Output
Print N lines. The ith line should contain 2 space separated integers such that the first integer denotes the
age of the ghost who was awarded with the "Consistency Trophy" on the ith day and the second integer

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

denotes the number of "Ghost of the Day" titles won by this ghost until the end of the ith day of the
competition.

Constraints
1 ≤ N ≤ 105
1 ≤ M ≤ 109

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,n,m;
cin>>n>>m;
unordered_map<int,int> ghost;

int best = -1;

cin>>best;
ghost[best]+=1;
cout<<best<<" "<<1<<endl;
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
int y;
cin>>y;
ghost[y]+=1;
if((ghost[y]>ghost[best]) || (ghost[y]==ghost[best] && y>best)) best = y;
cout<<best<<" "<<ghost[best]<<"\n";
}
}

Question 77
Question description

A beautiful code of a tree of n nodes is a sequence of n−2 integers that uniquely specifies the structure of
the tree.

The code is constructed as follows: As long as there are at least three nodes left, find a leaf with the
smallest label, add the label of its only neighbour to the code, and remove the leaf from the tree.

Given a beautiful code of a tree, your task is to construct the original tree.

Constraints

3≤n≤2⋅10^5
1≤a,b≤n

Input

The first input line contains an integer n: the number of nodes. The nodes are numbered 1,2,…,n.

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

The second line contains n−2 integers: the beautiful code.

Output

Print n−1 lines describing the edges of the tree. Each line has to contain two integers a and b: there is an
edge between nodes a and b. You can print the edges in any order.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define f(i,a,n) for(int i=a;i<n;i++)
#define X(a,b) if(a==b)
vector< int > vi;
const int maxN = 2e5+5;
int N, a[maxN], deg[maxN];
priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> q;

int main(){
scanf("%d", &N);
fill(deg+1, deg+N+1, 1);
//for(int i = 0; i < N-2; i++)
f(i,0,N-2){
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
deg[a[i]]++;
}
//for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
f(i,1,N+1)
//if(deg[i] == 1)
X(deg[i],1)
q.push(i);
f(i,0,N-2){
int u = a[i];
int v = q.top(); q.pop();
deg[u]--; deg[v]--;
//if(deg[u] == 1)
X(deg[u],1)
q.push(u);
printf("%d %d\n", v, u);
}
//for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
f(i,1,N+1)
if(deg[i])

printf("%d ", i);

}

Question 78
Problem Description

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

A new species is trying to rule the planet. This species is creating their own population outburst to
dominate other species. It all started with 1 single member of the species. The population increases in
treelike fashion abiding by few rules as listed below.

Single member is able to reproduce by itself.

A new member is added to the population every minute.
Every member is associated with integral name.
Multiple members can share a common name.
Every member has it's own reproduction capacity, that is maximum number of children it can
reproduce.
A member can start to reproduce only if all members older than it have exhausted their reproduction
capacity.
Level 0 in family tree of this species comprise of single member at the start of multiplication.
Integral name of single member at the start is 0.
The population grows level wise, where number of members at level i is dependent on reproduction
capacity of members at prior level.

Given the integral name of new member and it's reproduction capacity that is added to the population,
you have to find it's parent, level at which it is added and it's ascending age wise rank among siblings.

Input:
First line of the input contains 2 integers, N,RC0, representing number of minutes we will be examining
the population increase and reproduction capacity of member at epoch. Next N line contains 2 integers
each, IDi,RCi, representing integral name and reproduction capacity of new member born at time i.

Output:
N lines, each line containing 3 integers, P,L,C, representing integral name of the parent, level at which it
is added and it's ascending age wise rank among siblings.

Note :
It will always be possible to reproduce a new child or in other words, through out the given time, there
exists atleast one member which can still accomodate new child.

Constraints:
1≤N≤106
−109≤IDi≤109
0≤RCi≤109

Explanation for test case1

The resultant family tree looks like this.

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Program Code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
struct cell{
int name;
int level;
int capacity;
};
struct cell queue[1000001];
struct cell arr[1000001];
int front;
int end;
void init_queue(){
front = 0;
end = 0;
}
void enqueue(int name,int capacity,int level){

queue[end].name = name;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

queue[end].level = level;
queue[end].capacity = capacity;
end = end + 1;
}
int is_empty(){
if(end == front)
return 1;
return 0;
}
void dequeue()
{
if(!is_empty())
front++;
}
int main(){
int n,rc;
init_queue();
scanf("%d %d",&n,&rc);
int i,j,k;
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
scanf("%d %d",&arr[i].name,&arr[i].capacity);
}
enqueue(0,rc,0);
i=0;
while(!is_empty()){
int par = queue[front].name;
int cap = queue[front].capacity;
int lev = queue[front].level+1;
k=1;
for(j=0;j<cap&&i<n;j++,i++){

printf("%d %d %d\n",par,lev,k++);
enqueue(arr[i].name,arr[i].capacity,lev);
}
dequeue();
}
return 0;
}

Question 79
Question description

Given two rooted trees, your task is to find out if they are isomorphic, i.e., it is possible to draw them so
that they look the same.
Constraints

1≤t≤1000
2≤n≤10^5
the sum of all values of n is at most 10^5

Input
The first input line has an integer t: the number of tests. Then, there are t tests described as follows:

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

The first line has an integer n: the number of nodes in both trees. The nodes are numbered 1,2,…,n, and
node 1 is the root.
Then, there are n−1 lines describing the edges of the first tree, and finally n−1 lines describing the edges
of the second tree.

Output

For each test, print "YES", if the trees are isomorphic, and "NO" otherwise.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i, a, b) for(int i = a; i < (b); ++i)

#define trav(a, x) for(auto& a : x)

#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)

#define sz(x) (int)(x).size()
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<int> vi;

vi h, id;
vector<vi> g;
map<int, vi> lvl;

void dfs(int i, int p) {

trav(j, g[i]) if (j!=p) {
dfs(j, i);
h[i]=max(h[i], h[j]+1);
}
lvl[h[i]].push_back(i);
}

int main() {
cin.sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0);
cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);

int t;
cin >> t;
while(t--) {
int n;
cin >> n;
int m=2*n+1;
g.assign(m, vi());
rep(i, 0, 2) {
rep(j, 0, n-1) {

int a, b;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

cin >> a >> b;

a+=i*n, b+=i*n;
g[a].push_back(b);
g[b].push_back(a);
}
}
g[0]={1, n+1};
h.assign(m, 0);
id.assign(m, 0);
lvl.clear();
dfs(0, -1);
if (h[1]!=h[n+1]) {
cout << "NO\n";
continue;
}
trav(l, lvl) {
map<vector<ll>, int> u;
trav(i, l.second) {
vector<ll> cur;
trav(j, g[i]) cur.push_back(3LL*n*h[j]+id[j]);
sort(all(cur));
if (!u.count(cur)) {
int s=sz(u);
u[cur]=s;
}
id[i]=u[cur];
}
}
cout << (id[1]==id[n+1]? "YES\n":"NO\n");
}

return 0;
}

Question 80
Question Description:

There are n cities and m flight connections between them. Your task is to add new flights so that it will be
possible to travel from any city to any other city. What is the minimum number of new flights required?

Input

The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of cities and flights. The cities are numbered
1,2,…,n.

After this, there are m lines describing the flights. Each line has two integers a and b: there is a flight
from city a to city b. All flights are one-way flights.

Output

First print an integer k: the required number of new flights. After this, print k lines describing the new
flights. You can print any valid solution.

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Constraints

1≤n≤10^5
1≤m≤2⋅10^5
1≤a,b≤n

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define N 100000
#define M 200000

struct L {
struct L *next;
int j;
} aa[N], bb[N], aa_[N];

void link(int i, int j) {

static struct L l91[M * 2], *l = l91;

l->j = j;
l->next = aa[i].next, aa[i].next = l++;
l->j = i;
l->next = bb[j].next, bb[j].next = l++;
}

void link_(int i, int j) {

static struct L l91[M], *l = l91;

l->j = j;
l->next = aa_[i].next, aa_[i].next = l++;
}

int po[N], npo;

char visited[N];

void dfs1(int i) {
struct L *l;

if (visited[i])
return;
visited[i] = 1;
for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)
dfs1(l->j);
po[npo++] = i;
}

int cc[N], dd[N];

void dfs2(int j, int c) {

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

struct L *l;
int c_ = cc[j];

if (c_ != -1) {
if (c_ != c) {
link_(c_, c);
dd[c]++;
}
return;
}
cc[j] = c;
for (l = bb[j].next; l; l = l->next)
dfs2(l->j, c);
}

int dfs3(int i) {

struct L *l;

if (visited[i])
return -1;
visited[i] = 1;
if (!aa_[i].next)
return i;
for (l = aa_[i].next; l; l = l->next) {
int w = dfs3(l->j);

if (w != -1)
return w;
}
return -1;
}

void add(int i, int j) {

printf("%d %d\n", i + 1, j + 1);
}

void augment(int n) {
static int vv[N], ww[N];
static char iv[N], iw[N];
int h, i, p, q, s, t, x;

p = 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (cc[i] != i)
continue;
if (dd[i] == 0) {
int w = dfs3(i);

if (w != -1) {
iv[vv[p] = i] = 1;
iw[ww[p] = w] = 1;
p++;
}
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

}
}
s = t = p;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (cc[i] != i)
continue;
if (!iv[i] && dd[i] == 0)
vv[s++] = i;
if (!iw[i] && !aa_[i].next)
ww[t++] = i;
}
printf("%d\n", s > t ? s : t);
for (h = 0; h < p - 1; h++)
add(ww[h], vv[h + 1]);
q = s < t ? s : t;
for (h = p; h < q; h++)
add(ww[h], vv[h]);
x = ww[p - 1];
for (h = q; h < s; h++)
add(x, vv[h]), x = vv[h];
for (h = q; h < t; h++)
add(x, ww[h]), x = ww[h];
add(x, vv[0]);
}

int main() {
int n, m, h, i, j, k;

scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

while(m--) {
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;
link(i, j);
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
dfs1(i);
memset(cc, -1, n * sizeof *cc);
k = 0;
for (h = n - 1; h >= 0; h--) {
j = po[h];
if (cc[j] == -1) {
dfs2(j, j);
k++;
}
}
if (k == 1) {
printf("0\n");
return 0;
}
memset(visited, 0, n * sizeof *visited);
augment(n);
return 0;
}

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Question 81
Question description

You are playing a game consisting of n planets. Each planet has a teleporter to another planet (or the
planet itself).
You start on a planet and then travel through teleporters until you reach a planet that you have already
visited before.
Your task is to calculate for each planet the number of teleportations there would be if you started on that
planet.

Input

The first input line has an integer n: the number of planets. The planets are numbered 1,2,…,n.

The second line has n integers t1,t2,…,tn: for each planet, the destination of the teleporter. It is possible
that ti=i.

Output

Print n integers according to the problem statement.

Constraints

1≤n≤2⋅10^5
1≤ ti ≤n

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 200000
int main() {
static int aa[N], cc[N], dd[N], qq[N];
int n, i, j, c, d, q, cnt;
scanf("%d", &n);

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

scanf("%d", &aa[i]), aa[i]--;
memset(cc, -1, n * sizeof *cc);
cnt = 0;
for(i = 0;i<n;i++) {
if (cc[i] != -1)
continue;
d = 0;
j = i;
while (cc[j] == -1) {
cc[j] = -2;
d++;
j = aa[j];
}
if (cc[j] == -2) {
c = cnt++;
q = 0;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

while (cc[j] == -2) {

cc[j] = c;
q++;
j = aa[j];
}
qq[c] = q;
d -= q;
} else {
c = cc[j];
d += dd[j];
}
j = i;
while (cc[j] == -2) {
cc[j] = c;

dd[j] = d--;
j = aa[j];
}
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d ", dd[i] + qq[cc[i]]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Question 82
Question description

There are n cities and initially no roads between them. However, every day a new road will be
constructed, and there will be a total of m roads.

A component is a group of cities where there is a route between any two cities using the roads. After each
day, your task is to find the number of components and the size of the largest component.

Input

The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of cities and roads. The cities are numbered
1,2,…,n.

Then, there are m lines describing the new roads. Each line has two integers a and b: a new road is
constructed between cities a and b.

You may assume that every road will be constructed between two different cities.

Output

Print m lines: the required information after each day.

Constraints

1≤n≤10^5
1≤m≤2⋅10^5
1≤a,b≤n

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define N 100000

int dsu[N];

int find(int i) {
return dsu[i] < 0 ? i : (dsu[i] = find(dsu[i]));
}

int join(int i,int j) {

int tmp;

i = find(i);
j = find(j);
if (i == j)
return 0;
if (dsu[i] < dsu[j])
tmp = i, i = j, j = tmp;
dsu[j] += dsu[i];
dsu[i] = j;
return -dsu[j];
}

int main() {
int n, m, i, j, c, c_;

scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

memset(dsu, -1, n * sizeof *dsu);
c_ = 1;
while (m--) {
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;
c = join(i, j);
if (c != 0) {
n--;
if (c_ < c)
c_ = c;
}
printf("%d %d\n", n, c_);
}
return 0;

Question 83
Question description

There are n cities and flight connections between them. You want to travel from Chennai to Ladakh so
that you visit each city exactly once. How many possible routes are there?

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Input

The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of cities and flights. The cities are numbered
1,2,…,n. City 1 is Chennai and city n is Ladakh.

Then, there are m lines describing the flights. Each line has two integers a and b: there is a flight from the
city a to city b. All flights are one-way flights.

Output

Print one integer: the number of routes modulo 10^9+7.

Constraints

2≤n≤20
1≤m≤n2
1≤a,b≤n

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 20
#define MD 1000000007

struct L {
struct L *next;
int j;
} aa[N];

void link(int i,int j) {

static struct L l91[N * N], *l = l91;

l->j = j;
l->next = aa[i].next; aa[i].next = l++;
}

int main() {
static int dp[1 << N][N];
int n, m, i, j, b, b_, x;
struct L *l;

scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

while (m--) {
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;
link(i, j);
}
dp[1 << 0][0] = 1;
for (b = 1; b < 1 << n; b += 2)
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
x = dp[b][i];
if (x == 0)
continue;
for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

if (!(b & 1 << (j = l->j))) {

b_ = b | 1 << j;
dp[b_][j] = (dp[b_][j] + x) % MD;
}
}
printf("%d\n", dp[(1 << n) - 1][n - 1]);
return 0;
}

Question 84
Question description

Your task is to deliver mail to the inhabitants of a city. For this reason, you want to find a route whose
starting and ending point are the post office, and that goes through every street exactly once.

Input

The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of crossings and streets. The crossings are
numbered 1,2,…,n, and the post office is located at crossing 1.

After that, there are m lines describing the streets. Each line has two integers a and b: there is a street
between crossings a and b. All streets are two-way streets.

Every street is between two different crossings, and there is at most one street between two crossings.

Output

Print all the crossings on the route in the order you will visit them. You can print any valid solution.

If there are no solutions, print "IMPOSSIBLE".

Constraints

2≤n≤10^5
1≤m≤2⋅10^5
1≤a,b≤n

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 100000
#define M 200000

struct L {
struct L *next;
int h;
} *aa[N];

int ij[M + 1];

char lazy[M + 1];

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

struct L *new_L(int h) {
static struct L l91[M * 2 + 1 + M], *l = l91;

l->h = h;

return l++;
}

void link(int i,int h) {

struct L *l = new_L(h);

l->next = aa[i]; aa[i] = l;

}

void hierholzer(struct L *e, int i) {

struct L *f = e->next, *l;

while ((l = aa[i])) {

int h = l->h;

if (lazy[h])
aa[i] = l->next;
else {
lazy[h] = 1;
e = e->next = new_L(h);
i ^= ij[h];
}
}
e->next = f;
}

int main() {
static int dd[N];
struct L *e_, *e;
int n, m, h, i, j;

scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

for (h = 1; h <= m; h++) {
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;
ij[h] = i ^ j;
link(i, h), link(j, h);
dd[i]++, dd[j]++;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
if (dd[i] % 2) {
printf("IMPOSSIBLE\n");
return 0;
}
e_ = new_L(0);
i = 0;
m++;
for (e = e_; e; e = e->next) {
i ^= ij[e->h];
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

hierholzer(e, i);
m--;
}
if (m != 0) {
printf("IMPOSSIBLE\n");
return 0;
}
i = 0;
for (e = e_; e; e = e->next) {
i ^= ij[e->h];
printf("%d ", i + 1);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;

Question 86
Question description

A game consists of n rooms and m teleporters. At the beginning of each day, you start in room 1 and you
have to reach room n.
You can use each teleporter at most once during the game. How many days can you play if you choose
your routes optimally?

Constraints

2 ≤ n ≤ 500

1 ≤m ≤1000

1 ≤ a, b ≤n

Input
The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of rooms and teleporters. The rooms are
numbered 1,2,…,n.
After this, there are m lines describing the teleporters. Each line has two integers a and b: there is a
teleporter from room a to room b.
There are no two teleporters whose starting and ending room are the same.

Output
First print an integer k: the maximum number of days you can play the game. Then, print k route
descriptions according to the example. You can print any valid solution.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 500
#define M 1000
struct L {
struct L *next;
int h;
} aa[N * 2];
int ij[M + N], cc[(M + N) * 2], dd[N * 2];
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

int bfs(int n,int s,int t) {

static int qq[N * 2];

int head, cnt, h, i, j, d;

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
dd[i] = n;
dd[s] = 0;
head = cnt = 0;
qq[head + cnt++] = s;
while (cnt) {
struct L *l;
i = qq[cnt--, head++];
d = dd[i] + 1;
for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)
if (cc[h = l->h]) {
j = i ^ ij[h >> 1];
if (dd[j] == n) {
dd[j] = d;
if (j == t)
return 1;
qq[head + cnt++] = j;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
int dfs(int n, int i, int t) {
struct L *l;
int h, j, d;
if (i == t)
return 1;
d = dd[i] + 1;
for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)
if (cc[h = l->h]) {

j = i ^ ij[h >> 1];

if (dd[j] == d && dfs(n, j, t)) {
cc[h]--, cc[h ^ 1]++;
return 1;
}
}
dd[i] = n;
return 0;
}
int dinic(int n, int s, int t) {
int f = 0;
while (bfs(n, s, t))
while (dfs(n, s, t))
f++;
return f;
}
void link(int i, int j, int h, int c) {
static struct L l91[(M + N) * 2], *l = l91;
ij[h] = i ^ j;
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

cc[h << 1] = c;
l->h = h << 1;
l->next = aa[i].next, aa[i].next = l++;
l->h = h << 1 ^ 1;
l->next = aa[j].next, aa[j].next = l++;
}
int qq[N];
int path(int i, int t) {
int cnt = 0;
while (i != t) {
struct L *l;
int h;

qq[cnt++] = i;
for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)
if (((h = l->h) & 1) == 0 && cc[h ^ 1]) {
cc[h]++, cc[h ^ 1]--;
i ^= ij[h >> 1];
break;
}
}
qq[cnt++] = t;
return cnt;
}
int main() {
int n, m, h, i, j, k, s, t, cnt;
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
for (h = 0; h < m; h++) {
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;
link(i << 1 ^ 1, j << 1, h, 1);
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
link(i << 1, i << 1 ^ 1, m + i, n);
s = 0, t = (n - 1) << 1 ^ 1;
k = dinic(n * 2, s, t);
printf("%d\n", k);
while (k--) {
cnt = path(s, t);
printf("%d\n", cnt / 2);
for (i = 0; i < cnt; i += 2)
printf("%d ", (qq[i] >> 1) + 1);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;

Question 87
Question description

You are given a directed graph, and your task is to find out if it contains a negative cycle, and also give
an example of such a cycle.

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Constraints

1≤n≤2500
1≤m≤5000
1≤a,b≤n
−10^9≤c≤10^9

Input Format
The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of nodes and edges. The nodes are numbered
1,2,…,n.
After this, the input has m lines describing the edges. Each line has three integers a, b, and c: there is an
edge from node a to node b whose length is c.

Output Format
If the graph contains a negative cycle, print first "YES", and then the nodes in the cycle in their correct
order. If there are several negative cycles, you can print any of them. If there are no negative cycles, print
"NO".

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 2500
#define M 5000

int main() {
static int aa[M], bb[M], cc[M], pp[N], ii[1 + N];
static char used[N];
static long long dd[N];
int n, m, h, r, a, b, c, k;
long long d;

scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

for (h = 0; h < m; h++)
scanf("%d%d%d", &aa[h], &bb[h], &cc[h]), aa[h]--, bb[h]--;
for (r = 0; r < n; r++)
for (h = 0; h < m; h++) {
a = aa[h], b = bb[h], c = cc[h];
d = dd[a] + c;
if (dd[b] > d) {
dd[b] = d;
pp[b] = a;
if (r == n - 1) {
while (!used[b]) {
used[b] = 1;
b = pp[b];
}
k = 0;
while (used[b]) {
used[b] = 0;
ii[k++] = b;
b = pp[b];
}

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

ii[k++] = b;
printf("YES\n");
while(k--)
printf("%d ", ii[k] + 1);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
}
}
printf("NO\n");
return 0;
}

Question 88
Question description

Kaaleppi has just robbed a bank and is now heading to the harbor. However, the police wants to stop him
by closing some streets of the city.

What is the minimum number of streets that should be closed so that there is no route between the bank
and the harbor?

Constraints

2≤n≤500
1≤m≤1000
1≤a,b≤n

Input

The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of crossings and streets. The crossings are
numbered 1,2,…,n. The bank is located at crossing 1, and the harbor is located at crossing n.

After this, there are m lines that describe the streets. Each line has two integers and b: there is a street
between crossings a and b. All streets are two-way streets, and there is at most one street between two
crossings.

Output

First print an integer k: the minimum number of streets that should be closed. After this, print k lines
describing the streets. You can print any valid solution.

Program Code:

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 500
#define M 1000

struct L {

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

struct L *next;
int h;
} aa[N];

int ij[M], cc[M * 4];

int dd[N];

void link(int i,int h) {

static struct L l91[M * 4], *l = l91;

l->h = h;
l->next = aa[i].next; aa[i].next = l++;
}

int bfs(int n,int s,int t) {

static int qq[N];
int h, i, j, head, cnt, d;

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

dd[i] = n;
dd[s] = 0;
head = cnt = 0;
qq[head + cnt++] = s;
while (cnt) {
struct L *l;

i = qq[cnt--, head++];
d = dd[i] + 1;
for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)
if (cc[h = l->h]) {
j = i ^ ij[h >> 2];
if (dd[j] == n) {
dd[j] = d;
if (j == t)
return 1;
qq[head + cnt++] = j;
}
}
}
return 0;
}

int dfs(int n, int i, int t) {

struct L *l;
int h, j, d;

if (i == t)
return 1;
d = dd[i] + 1;

for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next)

if (cc[h = l->h]) {
j = i ^ ij[h >> 2];
if (dd[j] == d && dfs(n, j, t)) {
Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

cc[h]--, cc[h ^ 1]++;

return 1;
}
}
dd[i] = n;
return 0;
}

int dinic(int n, int s, int t) {

int f = 0;

while (bfs(n, s, t))

while (dfs(n, s, t))
f++;
return f;
}

int main() {
int n, m, h, i, j;

scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);

for (h = 0; h < m; h++) {
scanf("%d%d", &i, &j), i--, j--;
ij[h] = i ^ j;
cc[h * 4 + 0] = 1;
cc[h * 4 + 2] = 1;
link(i, h * 4 + 0);

link(j, h * 4 + 1);
link(j, h * 4 + 2);
link(i, h * 4 + 3);
}
printf("%d\n", dinic(n, 0, n - 1));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
if (dd[i] < n) {
struct L *l;

for (l = aa[i].next; l; l = l->next) {

h = l->h;
j = i ^ ij[h >> 2];
if (dd[j] == n && (h & 1) == 0)
printf("%d %d\n", i + 1, j + 1);
}
}
return 0;
}

Question 89
Question description

Byteland has n cities and m roads between them. The goal is to construct new roads so that there is a
route between any two cities.

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Your task is to find out the minimum number of roads required, and also determine which roads should
be built.

Constraints

1≤n≤10^5
1≤m≤2⋅10^5
1≤a,b≤n

Input

The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of cities and roads. The cities are numbered
1,2,…,n.

After that, there are m lines describing the roads. Each line has two integers a and b: there is a road
between those cities.

A road always connects two different cities, and there is at most one road between any two cities.

Output

First print an integer k: the number of required roads.

Then, print k lines that describe the new roads. You can print any valid solution.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define rep(i, a, b) for(int i = a; i < (b); ++i)
#define trav(a, x) for(auto& a : x)
#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)
#define sz(x) (int)(x).size()
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<int> vi;
vi val, comp, z, cont;

int Time, ncomps;

template<class G, class F> int dfs(int j, G& g, F& f) {
int low = val[j] = ++Time, x; z.push_back(j);
trav(e,g[j]) if (comp[e] < 0)
low = min(low, val[e] ?: dfs(e,g,f));

if (low == val[j]) {
do {
x = z.back(); z.pop_back();
comp[x] = ncomps;
cont.push_back(x);
} while (x != j);
f(cont); cont.clear();
ncomps++;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

}
return val[j] = low;
}
template<class G, class F> void scc(G& g, F f) {
int n = sz(g);
val.assign(n, 0); comp.assign(n, -1);
Time = ncomps = 0;
rep(i,0,n) if (comp[i] < 0) dfs(i, g, f);
}
int main() {
cin.sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0);

cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);

int n, m;
cin >> n >> m;
vector<vi> g(n);
while(m--) {
int a, b;
cin >> a >> b;
a--, b--;
g[a].push_back(b);
g[b].push_back(a);
}
vi r;
scc(g, [&](vi &c) { r.push_back(c[0]); });
cout << sz(r)-1 << '\n';
rep(i, 1, sz(r))
cout << r[0]+1 << " " << r[i]+1 << '\n';
return 0;
}

Question 90
Question description

Consider a network consisting of n computers and m connections. Each connection specifies how fast a
computer can send data to another computer.

Kotivalo wants to download some data from a server. What is the maximum speed he can do this, using
the connections in the network?

Input

The first input line has two integers n and m: the number of computers and connections. The computers
are numbered 1,2,…,n. Computer 1 is the server and computer n is Kotivalo's computer.

After this, there are m lines describing the connections. Each line has three integers a, b and c: computer
a can send data to computer b at speed c.

Output

Print one integer: the maximum speed Kotivalo can download data.

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Constraints

1≤n≤500
1≤m≤1000
1≤a,b≤n
1≤c≤109

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
#define F0R(i,a) for(int i=0; i<(a); i++)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a); i<=(b); i++)
int n, m;
ll adj[501][501], oadj[501][501];
ll flow[501];
bool V[501];
int pa[501];
void link(int i,int h){}
int bfs(int n,int s,int t){return 1;}
bool reachable() {
memset(V, false, sizeof(V));
queue<int> Q; Q.push(1); V[1]=1;
while(!Q.empty()) {
int i=Q.front(); Q.pop();

FOR(j,1,n) if (adj[i][j] && !V[j])

V[j]=1, pa[j]=i, Q.push(j);
}
return V[n];
}
int main() {
bfs(1,1,1);
link(1,1);
cin >> n >> m;
FOR(i,1,n) FOR(j,1,n) adj[i][j] = 0;
F0R(i,m) {
ll a,b,c; cin >> a >> b >> c;
adj[a][b] += c;
}
int v, u;
ll maxflow = 0;
while(reachable()) {
ll flow = 1e18;
for (v=n; v!=1; v=pa[v]) {
u = pa[v];
flow = min(flow, adj[u][v]);
}
maxflow += flow;
for (v=n; v!=1; v=pa[v]) {
u = pa[v];
adj[u][v] -= flow;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

adj[v][u] += flow;
}
}
cout << maxflow << '\n';
}

Question 92
Question description

You are given an array of length N. You are required to count the number of (i,j) pairs
where 1⩽i<j⩽N such that the difference of the array elements on that indices is equal to the sum of the
square of their indices.

That is the count of the number of pairs of (i,j) such that it satisfies this equation (A[j]−A[i]=i2+j2).

Input format

The first line contains the length of the array N. (1⩽N⩽105)

The second line contains N integers representing array elements. (1⩽A[i]⩽1012)

Output format

Print the number of pairs that satisfy the provided condition.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<climits>
using namespace std;
void solve(){
cout<<"int cmfn1(const void *a,const void *b)";
}

int main() {
cin.tie(0);
long long int n;
cin >> n;
long long int a[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cin >> a[i];
}
unordered_map<long long int, long long int> mp1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
mp1[(a[i] + (long long)((long long int)(i + 1) * (i + 1)))]++;

}
unordered_map<long long int, long long int> mp2;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
mp2[(a[i] - (long long)((long long int)(i + 1) * (i + 1)))]++;
}

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

long long int cnt = 0;

for (auto it : mp1) {
cnt += (mp2[it.first]*it.second);
}
cout << cnt << endl;
}

Question 93
Problem Description

You are given with integers a,b,c,d,m. These represent the modular equation of a curve y2mod m=
(ax3+bx2+cx+d) mod m

Also, you are provided with an array A of size N. Now, your task is to find the number of pairs in the
array that satisfy the given modular equation.

If (Ai,Aj) is a pair then Aj2mod m=(aAi3+bAi2+cAi+d) mod m.

Since the answer could be very large output it modulo 109+7.

Note: A pair is counted different from some other pair if either Ai of the two pairs is different or Aj of the
two pairs is different. Also for the convenience of calculations, we may count (Ai,Ai) as a valid pair if it
satisfies given constraints.

Constraints
1≤T≤10 1≤N≤105 −2×109≤a,b,c,d,Ai≤2×109 1≤m≤2×109

Input Format
First line of the input contains number of test cases T.
First line for each test case consists of 5 space-separated integers a,b,c,d,m, corresponding to modular
equation given.
Next line contains a single integer N.
Next line contains N space-separated integers corresponding to values of array A.

Output Format
For each test case, output a single line corresponding to number of valid pairs in the array mod 109+7.

Program Code:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int md = 1E9 + 7;
map<long long, int> mp;
int main() {
int t;
cin >> t;
while(t--) {
long long a, b, c, d, m;
cin >> a >> b >> c >> d >> m;
int n;
cin >> n;
int arr[n];

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {

cin >> arr[i];
mp[(((arr[i] * arr[i]) % m) + m) % m] ++;
}
long long ans = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
long long x = (((((((a * arr[i]) % m) * ((arr[i] * arr[i]) % m)) % m) + (b * (
* arr[i]) % m) + d) % m) + m) % m;
if(mp.find(x) != mp.end())
ans += mp[x];
}
cout << (ans % md) << '\n';

mp.clear();
}
return 0;
}

Question 94
Problem Description

An integer array A and a number K have been provided to you.

Now you must determine whether any two items of the array A add up to the number K.

if two items are in different places in the array, they are regarded different.

Print "YES" (without quotations) if such a pair of integers exists; else, print "NO" (without quotes).

Constraints:

1≤N≤106

1≤K≤2∗106

1≤A[i]≤106

Input Format:

The first line consists of two integers N, denoting the size of array A and K. The next line consists of N
space separated integers denoting the elements of the array A.

Output Format:

Print the required answer on a single line.

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define f(i,a,n) for(int i=a;i<n;i++)
int main(){
int n,i;
cin>>n;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

int a[n];

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>a[i];
int k;
cin>>k;
f(i,0,n){
f(j,0,n){
if(a[i]+a[j]==k)
{
cout<<"YES";
return 0;
}
}
}
cout<<"NO";
return 0;
cout<<"if(a[i]+a[j]>k)";
}

Question 96
Problem Description

Jenish and Neha are excellent friends. After performing several queries, Neha challenges Jenish to
determine the highest possible Rating of the provided array A. According to Neha, the highest occurrence
of an element in an array is its rating.

Jenish is given M and Q, the Magical Numbers. Jenish may perform Addition or Subtraction with M at
most Q times for each element in the supplied Array A.

Because Jenish is stumped and unable to discover a solution, assist him in determining the highest
possible ratings for the given array after applying queries to each element.

Constraints :

1≤N≤1000000
1≤M≤100
1≤Q≤10
1≤Ai≤1000000

Input :

First line of Input contains integer M

Second line contains integer Q
Third line contains integer N
Fourth line contains N elements representing elements of array A

Output :

Output the highest possible rating of array A after applying Queries.

Explanation for test case 1

Jenish can add 1 in 1st element and subtract 1 from 3rd element to get highest frequency of 2 , i.e. 3

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Program Code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

int main()
{
int M, Q, N,i;
scanf("%d %d %d", &M, &Q, &N);
int A[N];
for(int i=0 ; i<N ; i++)
scanf("%d", &A[i]);
int mx = A[0];
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
{
if(A[i]>mx)
mx = A[i];
}
// printf("%d\n", mx);
int size = mx + M*Q + 1;
// printf("%d\n", size);
int hash[size];
memset(hash, 0, sizeof(hash));
for(int i=0 ; i<N ; i++)
{
hash[A[i]]++;
for(int j=1 ; j<=Q ; j++)
{
int add = A[i] + (j*M);

int subtract = A[i] - (j*M);

if(add == subtract)
hash[add]++;
else
{
hash[add]++;
hash[subtract]++;
}
}
}
int ans = hash[0];
for(int i=0 ; i<size ; i++)
{
// printf("%d ", hash[i]);
if(hash[i]>ans)
ans = hash[i];
}
printf("%d\n", ans);
return 0;
}

Question 99

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

Problem Description

Given an array A of N integers. Now, you have to output the sum of unique values of the maximum
subarray sum of all the possible subarrays of the given array A.
Note: Subarray means contiguous elements with at-least one element in it.

Constraints

1≤N≤2000
0≤|Ai|≤109

Input Format

The first line of the input contains a single integer N, the total number of elements in array A.
The next line of the input contains N space-separated integers representing the elements of the array.

Output Format

The only single line of the output should contain a single integral value representing the answer to the
problem.

Program Code:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void solve(){
cout<<"int NA[N];";
}
int main(){
int n;
cin>>n;
int a[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
cin>>a[i];
}
unordered_set<long long> s;
for(int i = 0 ; i< n; i++){
long long sum = 0 , max_sum=INT_MIN;
for(int j = i ; j<n ; j++){
sum += a[j];
max_sum = max(sum, max_sum);
if(sum<0){
sum = 0;
}
s.insert(max_sum);
}
}
long long ans = 0;
for(auto i:s){
ans+=i;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

cout<<ans;
}

Question 100
Problem Description

Everyone knows that some Pikachus despise becoming Raichus. (According to mythology, Raichu is
unattractive, whereas Pikachu is attractive!)

How do we track down these unique Pikachus who despise evolution? Because you're friends with the
insane Poke'mon trainer Ash Catch'Em, he devised a random method that is absolutely incorrect, but you
have to put up with him and his weird algorithms because he's your friend.

He thinks if you are given N Pikachus in an array, A1,A2 ... AN, where each Pikachu is denoted by an
integer. The total number of unique pairs (Ai,Aj) where i < j is the number of Pikachus who hate
evolution.

Constraints:
1 ≤ N ≤ 2 * 105
1 ≤ Ai ≤ 109

Input format:
The first line will consist of a single integer N. The second line consists of N integers A1,A2 ... AN.

Output format:
Output the total number of unique pairs (Ai,Aj) that can be formed, which will also be the number of
special Pikachus.

Program Code:

#include <iostream>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
int getPairs(int arr[], int n)
{
set<pair<int, int>> h;
for(int i = 0; i < (n - 1); i++)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
{
h.insert(make_pair(arr[i], arr[j]));

}
}
return h.size();
}
int main()
{
int n,i;
cin>>n;

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|18574976

int arr[n];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>arr[i];
cout << getPairs(arr, n);
return 0;
cout<<"if(arr[i]>max) ";
}

Downloaded by Kirushakkarasu KT ([email protected])