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A SHORT HISTORY OF INDIAN PSYCHOLOGY
Oriental Psychology
V. GEORGE MATHEW, Ph.D (/index.php/history-of-psychology?view=article&id=50)
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Psychology of Everyday Life
(/index.php/psychology-of- The term Indian Psychology refers to the Psychologically relevant
everyday-life) materials in ancient Indian thought. Usually this term does not
Disorders/Therapy
cover modern developments in Psychology in India.
(/index.php/dis) Modern Psychology at the beginning of the century emphasized
Great Psychologists sensation, perception and psychologists in India took out Indian
(/index.php/great-psychologists) theories of sensation and perception from the classics and
created an Indian Psychology. For example Indian theories
Holigrative Approach
emphasise the notion that in perception the mind goes out
(/index.php/holigrative-approach)
through the senses and assumes the shape of the objects. In
Holigrative Psychology 1934, Jadunath Sinha wrote a book on Indian theories of
(/index.php/holigrative- perception. As soon as Western Psychologists started studying
psychology)
cognition, Indian Psychologists started looking for Indian theories
Holigrative Psycho-history of cognition. In 1958, Jadunath Sinha wrote a book on Cognition.
(/index.php/holigrative-psycho- Later on modern Psychology started emphasising emotions, and
history) in 1981, Jadunath Sinha wrote a book on Emotions and the Will.
Para Psychology The major part of ancient Indian scriptures (Hindu, Buddhist and
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Jain) emphasise self-realization, samadhi or nirvana. After 1960
Psychology of Consciousness Humanistic Psychology emerged and Psychologists became
(/index.php/psychology-of- interested in paranormal dimensions of growth. Maslow's theory
consciousness) of self-actualization and transcendental self-actualization
Environmental Psychology
established the link to the major part of ancient Indian theories
(/index.php/environmental- and methods and almost the whole of ancient Indian writings
psychology) became psychologically relevant. Psychology of Consciousness,
Parapsychology, Psychology of Mysticism, Psychology of Religion
Self Development
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and Transpersonal Psychology borrow extensively from Indian
writings. The terms Oriental Psychology, Buddhist Psychology,
EBooks (/index.php/ebooks) Yoga Psychology , Jain Psychology, etc. are frequently found in
Personal Growth
modern psychological literature now. Many book lists in
(/index.php/personal-growth) Psychology now include books on Yoga, Buddhism and Zen.
There seems to be a paradigm shift in Western Psychology, a shift
Interviews
from the notion of mental disease and healing to personal growth,
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the reference point shifting from the statistical average or
Our Services (/index.php/our- "normal" to the ideal or upper limits of man's potentiality.
services)
The rudiments of the theory of consciousness can be traced back
Ask Your Psychologist to the Indus valley civilization (6000 to 1500 B.C.). Artifacts of a
(/index.php/ask-your- man sitting in Padmasana have been obtained in excavations.
psychologist)
The Swasthika symbol was used in Indus valley script. Buddhist
Experts/Institutions thought and methods (6th century B.C.) are in line with the
(/index.php/experts-institutions) objective spirit of modern science and the law of parsimony of
science and Buddhism can be easily incorporated into a scientific
Contact US (/index.php/contact-
us) framework. The Psychological relevance of the four noble truths
and eight-fold path and Sunya vada of Buddhism and Buddhist
Announcements techniques of meditation are of considerable relevance in modern
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Psychology. Similarly Jain scriptures also are found to be relevant
For Fellow Webmasters to Psychology in more than one way. The Vedas date from about
(/index.php/for-fellow- 1500 B.C. However, Upanishads (appendices to the Vedas, which
webmasters) date from 600 B.C.) which describe the Vedanta philosophy and
Links and Resources provide the theoretical foundation of Jnana Yoga are of more
(/index.php/links-and-resources) direct relevance to Psychology. The Bhagavat Gita gives a
quintessence of Indian way of life and philosophy and it describes
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the four yogas, Karma, Bhakthi, Raja and Jnana. Several books
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have come on the psychological relevance of Gita. Maslow's
Psychology4all Youtube theory of Meta-motivation is very similar to the concept of
Channel (Malayalam മലയാളം) Nishkama karma outlined in the Gita.
(/index.php/psychology4all-
youtube-channel) Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga is a very systematic presentation of
Raja yoga. Both Bhagavat Gita and Ashtanga Yoga are supposed
LOGIN to have been written around the turn of B.C. to A.D. Sankara's
writings (8th century A.D.) on the different yogas as well as his
Advaita philosophy are considered as classics in the area and are
Username of great value to the Psychology of consciousness as well as
personal growth. Modern interest in relaxation can be traced to
Password studies on Savasana. Rising popularity of meditation practice
links Psychology to Oriental religious practices and philosophy.
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Indian literature on aspects of consciousness is vast, considering
Log in the classics and their commentaries. Mental states have been
analyzed, classified and differentiated in detail. Similarly
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paranormal powers (siddhis) have been classified in detail. The
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process of personal growth and obstacles to growth have been
examined thoroughly. There is a great deal of maturity resulting
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from long experience in these areas reflected in the writings.
WHO'S ONLINE Indian theories of linguistics, social behavior, crime, etc. are all
based on the holistic approach and the broad-based intuitive
We have 41 guests and no members understanding of behavior in contradistinction to Western
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online theories which are piece-meal, analytic and situation specific. The
increasing importance given to the holistic approach and need for
synthesis makes it possible to integrate modern Western (https://www.facebook.com/Synergy-
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Psychology with ancient Indian thoughts as well as methods.
Institute-
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The psychosomatic relationship was well known and salient in
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ancient times. The very first invocatory stanza of
Management-
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Ashtangahridaya (the main text in Ayurveda, written in 4th century
A.D.) describes how emotions like desires lead to both physical Attingal-
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Many attempts are being made to integrate ancient Indian
Psychology with modern Western Psychology. More than 40
books have appeared in the field of Indian Psychology. There is a
journal of Indian Psychology published from Andhra University
which has an Institute of Yoga and Consciousness. At least five
persons have developed personality inventories based on the
Triguna theory (Satwa, Rajas and Tamas) of Kapila (Sankhya
philosophy, 6th century B.C.)
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