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MSC Env Science 2024 25 Ud

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M. Sc.

Environmental Sciences

Syllabus

UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT

2024 – 2025 onwards

Program
Code:ENVA

BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY
State University, Accredited with “A++” Grade by NAAC, Ranked 21st among Indian Universities by MHRD-N
Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
The M. Sc. Environmental Sciences program describe accomplishments that graduates are expected
to attain within five to seven years after graduation
The students could get employment opportunities in Central Pollution Control Board
PEO1 (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), Research Institutions, Colleges,
Universities and Non-governmental organizations.
After successful completion of the course, the students could get job opportunities in
PEO2 urban and rural environmental mitigation and awareness including social forestry
programs, biofertilizer and biopesticide industries, waste management and organic
farming divisions funded by National, International and Regional agencies.
The students could get employment perspectives in R & D laboratories of waste water
PEO3 treatment plants, metal, chemical and textile effluent treatment plants, municipal solid
waste management units and waste management in biomedical industries and
hospitals.
The students could find employment opportunities in agro industries, forest
PEO4 departments, water harvesting and watershed management sectors, bioresource
utilization and biodiversity conservation organizations, food and feed Industries,
environment friendly and integrated livestock management sectors.
Students also having the immense opportunities to pursue higher studies in various
research fields such as environmental pollution, environmental chemistry, waste
management and bioremediation, environmental microbiology, waste water treatment,
recycle, reuse and management, sustainable environmental food security, bioresource
utilization and biodiversity conservation, functional and ecosystem ecology,
PEO5 environmental toxicology, xero agrowaste ecosystem, non-biodegradable synthetic
chemicals and polymers in environment, occupational health and industrial safety,
environment analytical techniques, environmental impact assessment, remote sensing
and geographical information system, environmental biotechnology, carbon
sequestration, natural disaster management and mitigation, climate change, marine
pollution and resources utilization, restoration of different ecosystems, renewable
and green energy and environmental law, policies and auditing.

1
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
After the successful completion of M.Sc. Environmental Sciences program, the students are
expected to
Get practical knowledge about various physico-chemical parameters, mechanisms of
PSO1 chemical reactions and removal/reduction of air, soil and water pollutants from the
environment through different analytical techniques.
Understand the importance and conservation perspectives of natural resources, impact
PSO2 of climate changes in environment, biological diversity and sustainable environmental
management with restoration of functional ecosystem and ecology including
environmental food security.
Understand about the environmental toxicology, health issues and industrial safety
PSO3 perspectives in regional, national and global levels, environmental law, policies and
importance and role of environmental impact assessment.
Understand the basic and application of remote sensing and geographical information
PSO4 system in the studies and characterization of natural resources, geospatial, species
distribution and mapping attributes in different environment and ecosystems.
Understand about the wealth from waste, recycle, reuse, xero waste discharge, xero waste
PSO5 agroecosystem and environment through production of biocomposts and regenerating
of useful byproducts from the waste and waste minimization aspects
Understand the importance and role of microbial consortium along with
PSO6 biotechnological tools as nature based solution for effective implementation of
bioremediation, waste management, green energy and sustainable environment.

2
Program Outcomes (POs)
On successful completion of the M. Sc. Environmental Sciences program
Students would acquire knowledge on the fundamental concepts of chemistry, atoms,
molecules, bonding phenomenon, chemical reactivity and product outlet related to
PO1 environmental chemistry. Students would also have more familiar with the
classification of various pollutants such as air/water/soil and physical, chemical and
biological control methods of above said pollutants in the environment.
Students could acquire knowledge with reference to designing of methods, way of data
PO2 collection, analysis of data, interpretation of results to solve the environmental
problems through the assessment of qualitative and quantitative characters, by using
artificial intelligence, big data, data analysis and internet things.
Students will get skill development on qualitative and quantitative analysis of
environmental samples by using different analytical instruments techniques. Students
PO3 also understand the work place hazards, mitigation by employing safety devices and
also aware of environmental safety standards, certification, safety auditing and
management perspectives.
Students gain knowledge about the importance of natural resources, distribution,
utilization, conservation strategies, green energy sources and sustainable management
PO4 perspectives. Further, students will also be able to understand the importance of
environmental impact assessment, public participation in environmental impact
assessment and EIA report preparation before implementing potential environmental
projects in National, International, Regional and Local levels.
The students could understand the different type of natural disasters, causes, and
impact on natural and man-made environments. Further, students gained knowledge
will enable to become volunteers themselves in disaster management program for
helping the affected community. Nonetheless, students will also acquire knowledge
PO5 regarding the importance of preparedness in vulnerable areas. The students could
understand the uses of sensors to collect spatial geographic data, generate geographical
information by processing the digital data and application of RS, GIS and GPS tools to
assessvariousenvironmentalcomponentssuchasdistributionofforestareaincluding
vegetation and wild animals, land and water resource area distribution and mapping
etc.
Students will be able to acquired technical knowledge about the fundamentals of
industrial effluent treatments, water and sewage wastewater treatments, environmental
protection with pollutants free, zero waste discharge and operating of pollution control
PO6 devices technology. Students will be able to understand the key features of
environmental laws, acts and legal obligations, applying of green auditing tools and
techniques, conducting of onsite assessment and preparation of audit reports before
implementing the potential public environmental projects.
Students will be able to gain technical skills and knowledge of the various
PO7 environmental toxicants, toxicants in food, drugs, weedicides, heavy metals, pesticides,
organic and inorganic chemical molecules, exposure routes of toxicants, toxicological
test methods and animal ethics to be followed in toxicological testing studies.
The students will be able to acquire and understand the management strategies of solid
PO8 and liquid wastes from municipal and industrial sources, remediation measures of
recycling, reuse and recovery from wastes, principles and mechanistic role of
machines in the degradation of various pollutants. Students would have gained
knowledge about

3
the strategic phenomenon of environmental planning, life cycle assessment, material
analysis, environmental impact assessment, risk assessment, environmental auditing,
issues in various industrial sectors in cooperation with federal, state and local
governing body and official work for mitigation strategies in issues pertaining to the
environmental protection. Students will also be able to acquired knowledge about the
role and importance of environmental education among the school children. Through
obtaining the environmental awareness knowledge, students will be able to understand
nature based mitigation efforts to save the sustainable environment and ecosystem for
feature.
Students will be able to acquired practical knowledge about the need of agroforestry
and biophysical process, role of agroforestry system in soil fertility and nutrient
cycling, integrated livestock management, tree crops-soil interaction, opportunities of
employment and cash income through agroforestry. The students will be able to
PO9 understand the importance and application of biofertilizers and biopesticides in soil
fertility improvement and crop productivity and exploitation of their potential for
sustainable agriculture. Students could also understand the integrated nutrient
management and integrated pest management approaches through indigenous
knowledge based techniques.
Students will be able to understand and acquire knowledge about the recent approaches
of industrial systems including sources and energy utilization, product generation and
PO10 waste minimization to achieve zero pollution status. Further students will also be able
to acquire practical knowledge on air quality monitoring attributes in urban and
industrial environment, mitigation measures in industry, current national standards and
guidelines for air quality assessment and maintaining the clean air environment.

4
BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY: COIMBATORE 641 046
M. Sc. Environmental Sciences Curriculum (University Department)
(For the students admitted during the academic year 2024-2025 onwards)
Hours Maximum Marks
Course Code Title of the Course Credits Theory Practical CIA ESE Total
FIRST SEMESTER
24ENVA13A Environmental 4 4 25 75 100
Chemistry
24ENVA13B Environmental 4 4 25 75 100
Microbiology and
Biotechnology
24ENVA13C Environmental Health, 4 4 25 75 100
Industrial Safety and
Sustainability
24ENVA13D Instrumental Methods, 4 4 25 75 100
Data Analytics and
Research Methodology
24ENVA1EA-1 Fundamentals of 4 4 25 75 100
(or) Ecology(or)
24ENVA1EA-2 Natural Resources
and Management
24ENVGS18 Ecotourism 2 2 12 38 50
24ENVA13P1 Practical -I 4 6 40 60 100
LIBRARY 1
SEMINAR 1
Total 26 24 6 177 473 650
SECOND SEMESTER
24ENVA23A Environmental 4 4 25 75 100
Pollution
24ENVA23B Environmental 4 4 25 75 100
Toxicology
24ENVA23C Environmental Impact 4 4 25 75 100
Assessment and Green
Auditing
24ENVA23D Biodiversity and 4 4 25 75 100
Conservation
24ENVA2EB-1 Climate Change and 4 4 25 75 100
(or) Disaster Management
24ENVA2EB-2 (or) Environmental
Geosciences
24ENVGS53 Natural Disaster 2 2 12 38 50
Management
24ENVA23P1 Practical - II 4 6 40 60 100
LIBRARY 1
SEMINAR 1
Total 26 24 6 177 473 650

5
THIRD SEMESTER
24ENVA33A Waste Management and 4 4 25 75 100
Bioremediation
24ENVA33B Environmental Law, 4 4 25 75 100
Policy and Auditing
24ENVA33C Remote sensing and 4 4 25 75 100
Geographic Information
System
24ENVA33D Environmental 4 4 25 75 100
Engineering
24ENVA3EC-1 Introduction to 4 4 25 75 100
(or) Industry 4.0 (or)
24ENVA3EC-2 Industrial Ecology
24ENVGS03 Environmental 2 2 12 38 50
Education and
Awareness
24ENVA33P1 Practical -III 4 6 40 60 100
LIBRARY 1
SEMINAR 1
Total 26 24 6 325 325 650
FOURTH SEMESTER
Project Work and 8 200
viva-voce Examination
Industrial Visit and 4 100
Summer Project
Total 12 300
Grand Total 90 72 18 975 975 2250

CO-SCHOLASTIC COURSES
ONLINE COURSES
Swayam, MOOC Course
2 - - - - -
VALUE ADDED COURSES
Semester-1
24ENVAVA01 Agroforestry 2 - - 12 38 50
Semester-III
24ENVAVA02 Bio-fertilizers and Bio- 2 - - 12 38 50
pesticides
JOB ORIENTED COURSES
Semester -I
24ENVAJO01 -
Ornamental Fish Farming 2 - 12 38 50
Semester-III
24ENVAJO02 -
Air Quality Monitoring 2 - 12 38 50
The scholastic courses are only counted for the final grading and ranking. However for
the award of the degree, the completion of co-scholastic courses is also mandatory.

6
First Semester

7
Course code 24ENVA13A ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on various
Pre-requisite Syllabus Version 2024-2025
chemical process
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Impart knowledge on the fundamentals of chemical process
2. Understand the environmental problems
3. Study for solving various environmental issues

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Have a basic understanding on the fundamental concepts of chemistry - atoms, K2
bonding a chemical molecules
2 Understand the sources, classification and formation of chemical pollutants and K2
their impact on environment
3 Have detailed knowledge on various physico-chemical parameters, chemical K2
reactions and removal/reduction of air, soil and water pollutants from the environment
4 Have the skill to design a field research on environmental problems for K3
sustainable maintenance of the functional ecosystem

K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 – Create

Unit:1 Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry 14 – hours

Definition - Concept and Scope - Preparation of Standard Solutions – Molarity, Molality, Normality,
Percent and PPM (mg/l) Solutions. Stoichiometry, Gibbs energy, chemical potential, chemical kinetics,
chemical equilibria, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated
hydrocarbons, radioisotopes.

Unit:2 Atmospheric Chemistry 14 – hours

Classification of Elements - Particles, ions and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical speciation.
Chemical processes in the formation of inorganic and organic particulate matters, thermochemical and
photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, Oxygen and Ozone chemistry. Photochemical smog. Acid
Rain; CFC and Ozone layer depletion.

Unit:3 Water Chemistry 14 – hours

Structure and properties of water - Hydrological Cycle - Physical, chemical and biological parameters of
Water – Phenomenon of Eutrophication - Concepts of color, odour, turbidity, pH, conductivity, DO,
COD, BOD, alkalinity, Salinity, carbonates, redox potential, major cations & anions and heavy metals-
Chemical composition of natural water types.

8
Unit:4 Soil Chemistry 14 – hours

Physio-chemical composition of soil, Soil Structure, Texture, Inorganic and organic components of soil ,
Chemical properties of soil-saline. Acidic and alkaline soils, Macro and Micronutrients in soil, Humus
and Organic Matter, Significance of C/N Ratio, Chemical reactions in soil, Soil pedogenic processes.

Unit:5 Global warming and green house gases 14 – hours

Green House Effect - Green house gases and its sources, impacts, consequences and remedial
measures; Global warming, Carbon sequestration. Green technology Solution to Global Climate
Change Mitigation, World and Indian scenario. Brown Haze, nuclear winter.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 – hours

Expert lectures, online seminars – webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 – hours

Text Book(s)
1 Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Chemistry, Sodhi, G.S. (2009),Alpha Science
International Ltd.
2 Environmental Chemistry, (5th Ed.), De, A. K. (2002), New Age International (P) Ltd.
3 Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry, 11th Edition, Manahan, E. S. (2022). CRC Press.
Photochemistry &Spectroscopy, Simons, J. P. (1971), Wiley Interscience.
4 Fundamentals of Photochemistry, Rohatgi-Mukherjee, K. K. (2006), New Age International
5 (P) Ltd.
Elements of Environmental Chemistry, Jadhav, H. V. (1992), Himalya Publication House.
6 Environmental Chemistry, Sharma, B. K. and H. Kaur, H. (1994), Goel Publishing House
7 Environmental Chemistry, Moore, J. W. and Moore, E. A. (1976), Academic Press Inc.
8 Industrial Environmental Chemistry, Sawyer, D. T. and Martell, A. E. (1992). Springer-
Verlog, New York.

Reference Books
1 Environmental Chemistry A global perspective, (4th Ed.), Van Loon, G. W. and Duffy, S. J.
(2017), Oxford University Press.
2 Chemistry of Atmospheres: An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Atmospheres of Earth,
the Planets, and their Satellites (3rd Ed.), Wayne, R. P., (2000), Oxford University Press.
3 Basic Concepts of Environmental Chemistry (2nd edition), Connell, D.W. (2005), CRC
Press.
4 Textbook of Environmental Chemistry, Pani, B. (2007), IK International Publishing House.
5 Elements of Environmental Chemistry (2nd edition), Hites, R.A. (2012), Wiley & Sons.

9
6 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, (23rdEd.),
APHA, (2005), Washington, D.C.
7 Fundamentals of Soil Science, (8th Ed.), Futh, H. D. (2016), Wiley India.
8 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, (7th Ed.), Nelson, D. L. and Cox, M.M.
(2017).W.H. Freeman & Co.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO
10
CO1 S M M S M S S S M S
CO2 S M S S M S M S S S
CO3 S S M M S S S M M M
CO4 M S S M S S S M S S
*S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

10
ENVIRONMENTAL
Course code 24ENVA13B MICROBIOLOGY L T P C
AND
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite Knowledge in basic microbiology 2025
Version
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Impart knowledge on microbial diversity and recent advancement methods in the analysis of
microbial diversity.
2. Provide in-depth knowledge of role of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms in environment.
3. Understand the application of microbes for production of different eco-friendly products.
4. Impart knowledge in molecular biotechnology and its applications in Environmental management
and conservation of biodiversity.
5. Make students aware about Bioethics, biosafety and IPR.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand and describe the type of microorganisms in the environment and the K2
role of microorganisms in the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem.
2 Relate the role of micro-organisms in spread of human diseases and select the type K3
of physical and chemical agents for microbial control.
3 Understand the importance of plants and microbes in environmental remediation K3
4 Know the ethical guidelines in use of GMOs, different biosafety levels and IPR. K3
5 Know the importance of microbes and biotechnology for the synthesis of K6
ecofriendly products.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Distribution / Diversity of 14 - hours

Microorganisms
Microflora in different aquatic and terrestrial environment-bacteria, fungi and viruses, Extreme
Environment – archae bacteria, acidophilic, alkalophilic, thermophilic, barophilic, osmophilic and
radiodurant microbes. bioaerosols – sources, components, pathway and control methods; Role of
Microorganism in Biogeochemical cycles - Nitrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus, Sulphur Cycle, Microbial
corrosions.

Unit:2 Ecological Relationships Among the Microorganisms 14 - hours

Relationship among microbial population, microbial interactions in a biofilm, Host - Microbial
interactions – positive interactions - mutualism, syntropism, proto cooperation and commensalism;
negative interactions- amensalism, competition, parasitism and predation. Microbial pathogens and
Parasites and their effects on Human, Animal and Plant health, Transmission of pathogens –
Bacterial, Viral, Protozoan, and Helminths, Control of microorganisms. Indicator microorganisms in
air, water and soil Environment- Standard criteria of indication; Bio-indication of water quality.

Unit:3 Microbes-Molecular Approaches and Applications 14 - hours

Understanding microbial diversity in the environment by culture-dependent approaches and their
Limitations and culture-independent molecular approaches. BIOLOG, microtitre plates, analysis of

11
FAME profiles, quantitative PCR (qPCR), fluorescent in situ hybridization and pyro sequencing.

Unit:4 Role of Biotechnology in Environmental Protection 14 - hours

Role of microbes in production of Biofuel, Biosurfactants, enzymes and biopolymers. Development
of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs), Role of GMOs in bioremediation, Advantages
of Genetically engineered plants; Bt insecticide; Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR),
biosensors, Bio nanotechnology.

Unit:5 Bioethics, Biosafety and IPR 14 - hours

Ethics of Genetically modified plants, animals, microbes, GM food and Biowarfare. Biosafety
guidelines in India; Containment, different biosafety levels. Intellectual Property Rights -patents-
Plant variety protection (PVP) - Plant breeders rights (PBRs)-Genetic use restriction technology
(GURT).

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Textbook of Environmental Microbiology, Mohapatra, P. K. (2008), I.K. International
(P)Ltd.
2 Environmental Microbiology, Pepper, I. L., Gerba, C. P. and Gentry, T. J. (2015), 3rd
edition, Academia Press, Elsevier
3 Basic Biotechnology, Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. (2003), 2nd edition, Cambridge
University Press
4 Bioethics and Biosafety in Biotechnology, SreeKrishna.V. (2007), New Age International
Publishers.

Reference Books
1 Topics in Ecological and Environmental Microbiology, Schmidt, T. M. and Schaechter,
M.(2012), 3rdedition, Academia Press, Elsevier.
2 Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications: Microbial
Ecology, Bertrand, J. C., Caumette, P. and Lebaron, P. (2015), Springer
3 Environmental Microbiology – Theory and Application, Jjemba, P.K. (2004), Science Pub.
Inc., USA.
4 Environmental Biotechnology-Theory and Application, Evano, G.H. and Furlong,J.C.
(2004), John Wiley and Sons, USA
5 Environmental Biotechnology and Cleaner Bioprocesses, Olguin, C. J., Sanchez, G.,
Hernandez. E. (2000), Taylor & Francis

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO1
0
CO1 L M L M M M M L S L
CO3 L M S L L M S M M M
CO3 L S S S M S S S S S
CO4 M S M S M S S S S S
CO5 M M S S L S M S S S

13
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH,
Course code 24ENVA13C L T P C
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
AND SUSTAINABILITY
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Basic Knowledge on Occupational Health and Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite Safety issues Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. To introduce students to occupational hazards and to impart knowledge to handle health,
Safety and Environmental sustainability practices at workplaces.
2. To know about the environmental norms and standards
3. To understand how health, safety and environment Sustainability at work interact with each other

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Know about the local and global occupational health and sustainability K2
issues and their importance
2 Recognize health hazards and understands relevant functions and K1 & K2
responsibilities of a safety expert in the working environments involving
hazardous wastes, chemicals and other harmful substances which can
pollute the immediate environment and cause health problems for
people.
3 Know about the environmental norms and standards K2
4 Recognize, assess and evaluate occupational health hazards and K3
sustainability measures
5 Develop skills in analyzing, sensitizing and managing the community K3 & K4
about environmental health issues
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Introduction and Concepts of Environmental Health 14 - hours

Environmental Health - World Health organization (WHO) - concepts of environmental and public
health. Human-environment interaction. Exposome –food and chemical exposure - Industrial Hazards
and Safety–Physical, Chemical and Biological hazards. Occupational Diseases and Occupationally
induced illness - Prevention and Control. Health problems in different types of industries – construction,
textile, steel and food processing, pharmaceutical, Occupational Health and Safety considerations in
Wastewater Treatment Plants. Measures for Workers. Health Education Medical First-Aid and
Management of Medical Emergencies. Epidemiological approaches. Ergonomics – Need, Task
Analysis, Preventing Ergonomic Hazards, Ergonomics Programme.

Unit:2 Industrial Safety Management and 14 - hours

Occupational Safety Laws

Industrial Safety Standards. Industrial Accidents and Disasters - Frequency Rate, Prevention and
Control. Dispersion of Radioactive material and release of Toxic and inflammable materials. Work
Study - Method of Study and Measurement. Measurement of Skills. Safety - Cost of Expenses.
Principles and Functions in Safety Management. Case Study - Preparation of report on safety and
remedial measures followed in Industry. Occupational Safety and Health Act and Health
Administration, Right to know Laws- Indian Acts – Labour Act, Factories Act, OSHA. Parameters of
safety – Factors affecting the conditions of occupational and Industrial safety – Concept of safety

14
organization and Management - Safety Regulations - Supervisors and safety department in motivation.
ISO systems for EHS – ISO 14001, 18001.
Unit:3 Hazards Exposure Evaluation Control Measure 14 - hours
Sampling techniques, Personal monitoring, Biological monitoring; Threshold Limit Values (TLV),
STEL; List of Industries involving Hazardous process Occupational Hazards under the First Schedule of
the Factories Act,1948; Permissible Limits of certain Chemical substances in work environment under
the Second Schedule of the Factories Act, 1948; Environmental health agencies of India, USA and
Europe. Databases of hazardous chemicals. Causes of Accident - Accident statistics - Accident
Reporting system, Safety Audit, Accident prevention, Disaster Planning, Safety Committee, Case
studies on Bhopal, Chernobyl and similar disasters - Hazards Control: Control of Hazards Substitutions,
Engineering control, Administrative control, Behaviour control, integrated control, Elimination,
Control, Substitution, Isolation, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Unit:4 Principles of Risk Assessment and 14 - hours

Environmental Management
Types of Risk Assessment: Human Health Risk Assessments, Ecological Risk Assessment, Probabilistic
Risk Assessments, Determination of acceptable risk based limits for Environmental chemicals and
development of risk based remediation goals. The role of Risk Assessment in Environmental
Management decisions: Evaluation of Human Health Risks Associated with airborne exposures to
asbestos, a diagnostic human health risk assessment for a contaminated site problem and a risk based
strategy for developing a corrective action, Response plan for petroleum – contaminated sites, Risk
Management and Risk Communication.

Unit:5 Sustainable Environmental Management and 14 - hours

Environmental Economics
Environmental Education and Communication, Environmental Conflict Management, Sustainable
development –indicators of sustainability, Sustainable Management of Forests, Ecosystem
Management: Coastal Environments, River and Inland Water Environments, Wetlands, Desert
margins, Rural and Urban Environments. Environmental Sustainability in Industries – CER
(Corporate Environmental Responsibility). Current environmental issues in India – Case studies:
Narmada Dam, Tehri Dam, Almatti Dam. Basic concepts of Environmental Economics, International
Trade and its Environmental Integrity, Eco-labeling, responsible care, design for the Environment and
full-cost accounting for municipal solid waste management. Introduction to WHO SDGs (17)-SDG
6,7,13,14,15-climate action, Clean water, Renewable energy.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 A B C of Industrial Safety, Walsh, W. and Russell, L. (1984), Pitman Publishing Ltd., United
Kingdom.
2 Environmental and Industrial Safety, Hommadi, A. H. (1989), I.B.B. Publication, New Delhi.
3 A Practical Guide to Understanding Management and Reviewing Environmental Risk
Assessment Reports, Benjamin, S. L. and Bullock, D. A. (2001), Lewis Publishers, Washington
D.C
4 Hand Book of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management, Calow, P.
(1998), Blackwell-Synergy, London.
5 Environmental Management in Practice, Volume – I to III Instruments for Environmental
Management, Nath, B., Hens, L., Compton, P. And Devuyst, D. (1998), Routledge,

15
London and New York.

Reference Books
1 Environmental Strategies–Hand Book, Kolluru, R. V. (1994), McGraw Hill Inc., New
York.
2 Occupational Safety and Health for Technologists, Engineers and Managers, Goetsch, D.L.
(1999), Prentice Hall.
3 Safety and Environmental Management, Della - Giustina, D. E. (1996), Van Nostrand
Reinhold International Thomson Publishing Inc. New York.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand the basic principles, working phenomena and application of various K2
sophisticated equipment
2 Execute quantitative and qualitative analyses of various environmental samples K3
through instrumentation techniques
3 Extract information and draw scientific inference from ecology and environment related K3
data
4 Understand the basic concepts of Big data analytics K4
5 Research methods for design and execute a well-planned field research K5
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Instrumentation Techniques 14 - hours

Properties of EMR–Basic Principles, Instrumentation and applications of: Ultraviolet – visible (UV-
VIS) Spectroscopy, Flame Spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Mass
spectrometry - Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Chromatography: High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography (GC), SEM, TEM, SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis,
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.

Unit:2 Environmental Monitoring Techniques 14 - hours

Principle, interferences, instrumentation and applications of Turbidimetry, Nephelometry, Kjeldahl N
analyzer, Elemental Analyzer, TOC Analyzer; Portable Gas Analysis, Particulate matter analyzer, O3
analyzer, Beta-attenuation, Stack Monitoring, Meteorological Equipment. Portable water analyzer.
Radiation detectors – Geiger Muller Counter, Scintillation Counters; Application of isotopes in
biological and environmental studies. PCR techniques.

Unit:3 Basic Statistics 14 - hours

Basic concept, Collection of Data – Classification and Tabulation – Diagrammatic Representation –
Measures of Central Tendencies and Dispersion – Probability – Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis.

17
Sampling Methods: Probability sampling and Non-probability sampling methods . Mass and alternative
hypothesis – t, z, x2 test, Analysis of variance – One way ANOVA – Two way ANOVA – Correlation and
Regression. PCA, Introduction to environmental system analysis- Data Analysis using packages (SPSS).

Unit:4 Data Science 14 - hours

Data Science vs Statistics. Data Science Components – Data Engineering - Data analytics – Methods
and Algorithm – Data Visualization. Big data - Characteristics of Big Data 6Vs - Types and
Classifications- Sources -Technology Process – Big Data Exploration –Data Augmentation. Big Data
Platforms –HADOOP-SPARK- NoSQL Databases. Big data analytics – R software environment. Big
Data Applications in Industry- Healthcare- Environmental Sciences.

Unit:5 Research Methodology 14 - hours

Methods of literature collection, design, planning and execution of investigation, Preparation of
scientific documents, general articles, research papers, review articles, editing of research papers,
methods of citation, collection of literatures, including web based methods, bibliography, dissertation
and thesis writing. Presentation techniques, effective communication skill. Importance of citation and
indices, plagiarism.

Unit:6 Contemporary 2 - hours

Issues
Expert lectures, case studies, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Barnes, J.D. J., Denney, R.C., Jeffery,
G.H. and Mendham, J. (1999), 6th Edition, Pearson Education Ltd., U.K.
2 Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Sharma, B.K. (2005), Goel Publishing House,
Meerut., India.
3 Instrumental methods of analysis, Malathi, S., Patil, P. M., Kumar, S. (2020). Thakur
publications (pvt.) Ltd, Lucknow, India
4 Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Chatwal, G. R. and Anand, S. K. (2018). Himalaya
Publishing House, Delhi.
5 Instrumental Methods Of Analysis, 7th edition , Hobart H. Willard, Lynne L. Merritt, John A.
Dean and Frank A. Settle, Jr. , (Eds.). (1986), CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi
6 Statistical Methods 43rd Edition. Gupta, S. P. Sultan Chand & Sons Publications, New Delhi

7 P. Kaliraj, T. Devi, Higher Education for Industry 4.0 and Transformation to Education 5.0,
2020
8 Fundamentals of Bio-Statistics, Khan, I.A. and Kanum, A. (1994), Ukaaz Publication,
Hyderabad

Reference Books
1 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, (1998), 23rd, Edition,
APHA, Washington, D.C.
2 Environmental Monitoring and Instrumentation, Bucholtz, F. (1997), Optical Societyof
America, Washington D.C.
3 Environmental Sampling Analysis: A Practical Guide, Keith, L.H. (1991), 3rd Edition, Lewis
Publication, Boca Raton, Florida.
4 Handbook of Analytical Instruments, Khandpur, R. S. (2015), 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill
Education (India) Private Limited, New Delhi.

18
5 Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Skoog, D. A. and West, D.M. (2004), Thomson Asia
Pvt Ltd, Singapore.
6 Statistics for Advanced Level, Miller, J. (1989), Cambridge University Press.
7 Statistical Methods, Snedcor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1982), Academic Press.
8 Practical Statistics for Experimental Biologists. Wardlaw, A.C. (1985), Wiley Chichester
9 Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques. Kothari, C.R. (1989), Wiley Eastern,
10 Introduction to Research Methodology in Agricultural and Biological Sciences,
Venkata subramanian, V. (1999), New Century Book House
11 Quantitative Techniques, Kothari, C.R. (1996), Vikas Publishing Housing Pvt Ltd,
Hyderabad.
12 Environmental Science Methods, Haynes, R. (1982), Chapman & Hall, London.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S M S M M S M M M M
CO2 S M S L M M S S M S
CO3 M M S M M S M M S M
CO4 S L M L S S M S M S
CO5 S M M S M S S S S S

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Course code 24ENVA1EA-1 FUNDAMENTALS OF L T P C
ECOLOGY
Core/Elective/Supportive Elective 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on plant and
Pre-requisite Syllabus Version 2024-2025
animal science
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Impart knowledge on the fundamentals of Ecology
2. Understand the natural environment
3. Study the relationship between organisms and their surroundings

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Have a basic understanding on the fundamentals of Ecology. K2
2 Understand energy in the ecological systems. K2
3 Have sound knowledge on population ecology, community ecology including K2
landscape ecology.
4 Have the skill to interpret the limiting and regulatory factors that influence K3
functioning of the Ecosystem.

K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Introduction to Ecology 14 - hours

Ecology: History and Relevance to Humankind, Levels-of-Organization Hierarchy, The Emergent
Property Principle, Transcending Functions and Control Processes, Ecological Interfacing. Concept
of the Ecosystem and Ecosystem Management, Tropic Structure of the Ecosystem, Gradients and
Ecotones, Techno ecosystems, Concept of the Ecological Footprint.

Unit:2 Energy in Ecological Systems 14 - hours

Fundamental Concepts Related to Energy, Solar Radiation and the Energy Environment, Concept of
Productivity, Energy Partitioning in Food Chains and Food Webs, Metabolism and Size of
Individuals, Net Energy Concept, Energy-Based Classification of Ecosystems, Energy Futures,
Energy and Money.

Unit:3 Limiting and Regulatory Factors 14 - hours

Concept of Limiting Factors, Factor Compensation and Ecotypes, Conditions of Existence as
Regulatory Factors, Fire Ecology, Other Physical Limiting Factors, Biological Magnification of
Toxic Substances, Anthropogenic Stress as a Limiting Factor for Industrial Societies.

Unit:4 Population Ecology 14 - hours

Properties of the Population, Basic Concepts of Rate, Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase, Concept of
Carrying Capacity, Population Fluctuations and Cyclic Oscillations, Density-Independent and
Density-Dependent Mechanisms of Population Regulation, Patterns of Dispersion, Home Range and
Territoriality, Metapopulation Dynamics, r- and K-Selection. Lotka-Voltera models, Leslie’s
matrix.

20
Unit:5 Community Ecology 14 - hours
Types of Interaction between Two Species, Coevolution, Evolution of Cooperation, Interspecific
Competition and Coexistence. Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, Allelopathy,
Commensalism, Cooperation, Mutualism, Symbiosis, Species Migration. Concepts of Habitat,
Ecological Niche, and Guild. Ecosystem Development-Concept of the Climax. Landscape Ecology.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Fundamentals of Ecology, Fifth Edition, Odum, E. P. and Barrett, G.W. (2004), Brooks
Cole, Belmont, CA.
2 Ecology, Russell, P.J., Wolfe, S.L., Hertz, P.E., Starr, C. And McMillan, B. (2008), Brooks
Cole, Course Technology, Cengage Learning India Private Limited, New Delhi.
3 Concepts of Ecology, Arumugam, N (2014), Saras Publications, Nagercoil, India.

Reference Books
1 Essentials of Ecology and Environmental Science, Rana, S.V.S. (2005), 2nd Edition,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 M M S S M L M M M M
CO2 S M M S M M L M M M
CO3 M M M S M L M S M S
CO4 M S M S M L M M M M
S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

21
NATURAL RESOURCES
Course code 24ENVA1EA-2 L T P C
MANAGEMENT
Core/Elective/Supportive Elective 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on the environmental Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite
issues and its related information Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. To enrich the knowledge on natural resources and their significance and to know the strategies for
sustainable management
2. To discuss the process of recognizing and defining NRM issues within an ecosystem
management Framework
3. To explains with an analysis of the role of ethics, social justice, and communication in the
sustainable management of natural resources.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Gain a thorough knowledge of natural resources, their distribution and factors K2
affecting their availability.
2 Understand how developmental activities will affect the natural resources of a K3
nation.
3 Understand the importance of natural resources, the need to conserve them and can K4
attempt for alternative energy sources.
4 Create awareness to incorporate best management plans in planning activities for K6
nature conservation and sustainable environmental protection.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 – Create

Unit:1 Natural Resources 14 - hours

Concept and types of natural resources, classification of natural resources. Factors influencing
resource availability, distribution and uses. Interrelationships among different types of natural
resources. Concern on Productivity issues- ecological, social and economic dimension and
sustainable management of natural resources.

Unit:2 Soil and Water Resource 14 - hours

Soil types and formation, soil profiles, types of erosion, estimation of soil loss, land use and land use planning,
earth resource mapping soil erosion and desertification. Landscape impact analysis. Major water resources-
surface and ground water - distribution and supply- hydrological cycle, Causes of water resource
depletion - Use and over use of water resources, water resource management - Ground water
recharging, rain water harvesting; Watershed management Concept, and objectives, flood control-
Dams; Wetlands: definition, importance and classification.

Unit:3 Land and Mineral Resources 14 - hours

Land as a resource. Dry land, land use classification, land degradation, man induced landslides , Landscape
impact analysis; Types, distribution and reserves of mineral resources, - use and exploitation -
environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources. igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
rocks, mineral resources of India, erosion and weathering, Deep Ocean mineral resources, Types of mining;
Resource extraction, access and control system – Ecological, economic, and ethnological approach and
their implications; integrated resource management strategies.

22
Unit:4 Forest and Energy Resource 14 - hours
Types and extent of forests in India - deforestation and conservation strategies; Importance of natural
areas - carbon sequestration; forest fragmentation, national forest policy; Developing and developed
world strategies for forestry. World energy demand – renewable, non-conventional, nuclear energy,
tidal energy-alternate energy sources-solar and wind energy-Oil and natural gas, coal, biomass
energy, geothermal energy, hydropower; Environmental implication of energy use.

Unit:5 Management of Common International Resources 14 - hours

Ocean, Antarctica: the evolution of an international resource management regime; Living Resources of the
sea; International and Regional Fisheries Management Organizations.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars – webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth’s Living Resources, World conservation Monitoring
Centre, Groom bridge, B. (2010), UNEP, Cambridge.
2 The Environment, Raven, P.H. and Berg, L. R. (2011), 8th Edition, Wiley, UK.
3 Resource Ecology, Agarwal, S. K. (1993), Himanshu Publications. Delhi.
4 Ecology of Natural Resources, Ramade, F. (1984), John Wiley& Sons Ltd.
5 Fundamentals of Ecology, Odum, E. P. (1971),W.B. Saunders Co. USA.
6 Monitoring Sustainability: Indices and Techniques of Analysis, Ramachandran, N. ( 2000).
Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
7 Coastal Ecology & Management, Ecology of Coastal Waters with implications for
Management (2nd Edition).Chap. 2-5, pp.18-78 & Chap. 16, pp.280-303,Mann, K.H. (2000),
Wiley-Blackwell

Reference Books
1 Global Change and Natural Resource Management, Vitousek, P.M. (1994), Beyond global
warming: Ecology and global change. Ecology 75, (7), 1861-1876.
2 Environmental Biology, Agarwal, K. C. (2001), Nidhi Publication Ltd., Bikaner.
3 Environmental Encyclopedia, Cunningham, W.P., Cooper, T.H., Gorhani, E. and Hepworth,
M.T. ( 2001), Jaico Publishing House.
4 Global Biodiversity Assessment, Heywood, V.H. and Watson, R.T. (1995), Cambridge
University Press.
5 Introduction to Environmental Science, Anjaneyulu, Y. (2004), B S. Publications,
Hyderabad
6 Environmental Science, Miller T.G. Jr. (1989), Wadsworth Publishing Co. (TB)
7 Essentials of Ecology, Townsend, C.R., Begon, M. and Harper, J. L. (2008), 3rd edition,
Blackwell Science.

23
Related Online Contents [MOOC, SWAYAM, NPTEL, Websites etc.]
1 https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec20_hs10/preview
2 https://www.mooc-list.com/tags/natural-resource-management.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S S M S M M S S S S
CO3 S M M M S S M S M M
CO3 M S S M S S M S S M
CO4 M S M M S M M M S M

24
Second Semester

25
Course code 24ENVA23A ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Knowledge in basic chemistry Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite 2025
and biology Version
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Educate the students on source, classification, impact and control measures of air, water and
soil pollution
2. Make students aware of the industrial disasters and their consequences on environment and
human and animal health.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand the sources and classification of Air pollutants and their impact on K2
environment
2 Know the properties of water, classification and the effects of water pollutants K2
3 Understand the sources, sinks and broad classification, movement and sorption K2
soil pollutants
4 Gain detailed knowledge about physico-chemical and biological control methods K3
of various air/soil/water pollutants.
5 Gain more information about the causes, consequences and control measures of K5
industrial disasters
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Air Pollution 14 - hours

Structure and composition of the atmosphere, Sources and Classification of Air Pollutants. Transport
and Diffusion of Pollutants. Plume behavior and stack dispersion, Reactions of hydroxyl radical with
O2, N2, CO2 and Oxides of Nitrogen, Sulphur and Carbon. Sinks of Air pollutants – Acid rain: Ozone
depletion – Montreal protocol; Global warming – Kyoto protocol; Gaseous pollution control
measures; photo-chemical smog; Automobile pollution in India; Particulate matter pollution – PM 10
and PM 2.5, Black carbon, clean energy and clean development mechanisms – online monitoring of
pollution.

Unit:2 Water Pollution 14 - hours

Water quality Parameters, DO, BOD, COD, acidity, alkalinity, salinity, hardness; drinking water
quality standards; Water pollution; Classification of water pollutants, Groundwater pollution, Sources
and sinks, Eutrophication, microbial pollution. Purification of water by adsorption, flocculation, ion
exchange and reverse osmosis methods. Alternatives of end of pipe treatments, online monitoring of
industrial effluents – Sediment Pollution - Marine pollution (oil pollution) - sources & control,
Emerging Contaminants. Chemistry of cleaning agents, Soap, Detergents and bleaching agents,
Chemistry of colloids, Gasoline and additives antiknock compounds, Lubricants and greases,
Biogases.

Unit:3 Soil Pollution 14 - hours

Sources, sinks and broad classification, movement and sorption mechanisms of organic and
inorganic contaminants and their impacts on physico-chemical and biological properties of soil and
plants, persistent organic pollutants and recalcitrant pollutants, Soil pollution control measures – In
situ and Ex situ Physico-chemical and Biological methods.

26
Unit:4 Noise, Thermal, Light And Hazardous 14 - hours
Pollution
Noise pollution – Sensing, Measurement, Abatement measures; Thermal pollution and control
measures. Light pollution and control measures; Municipal solid wastes – hazardous and non
hazardous wastes, disposal and energy production, Biomedical Wastes- classification and treatment
methods, Radioactive Wastes - Sources, Transport, Disposal.

Unit:5 Industrial Disasters and Pollution 14 - hours

Chemical and Pesticide Industries; Bhopal Disaster, Mayapuri Radiological Disaster, Chernobyl
accident, Love canal Disaster, Oil Disasters –Exxon, British Petroleum- Gulf of Mexico; e-wastes,
Impact and Remedial Measures.
Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours
Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars
Total Lecture hours 72 - hours
Text Book(s)
1 Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science, Sawyer, C.N., Mc Carty P.L., and
Parkin, G. F. (2003), Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
2 A text book of environmental chemistry and pollution control, Dara, S. S.(1998), S. Chand
& Company Ltd, New Delhi
3 Environmental Engineering, Howard S Peavy, H. S. (2003), Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., New Delhi
4 Environmental Chemistry, De, A. K. (2001), New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
5 Ecology and Environment, Sharma, P.D. (2003). 7th Edition, Rastogi Publication, Meerut.

Reference Books
1 Environmental Chemistry, Manahan, S. E. (2000), CRC Press, USA.
2 An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth, 5th Edition, Donalue, R. I., Miller, R. W. and
Shiekluna, J. C. (1987), Prentice Hall of India.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S S S M S S S S M S
CO2 S S S M S S S S M S
CO3 S S S M S S S S S S
CO4 S S S S S S S S M S
CO5 M M S M S S S S M M

27
Course code 24ENVA23B ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on pollutants and its Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite effects Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Understand the occurrence and route of entry of various environmental toxicants and contaminants
2. Understand their fate and impact in environment
3. Understand their impact on the life of organism

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Gain knowledge on various environmental toxicants – toxicants in food, drugs, K2
pesticides and PPCP’s etc
2 Improve understanding about the negative effects of organic and inorganic K2
toxicants on life of organisms and on environment
3 Gain knowledge on the exposure routes of toxicants, toxicological test methods, K2
and determination of toxic levels of contaminants
4 Understand the importance of toxicological regulations and will be able to K3
explain the potential fate and effects of a contaminant in the environment
5 Understood the importance of animal ethics to be followed in toxicological testing K4
methods and option for alternative test methods
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Toxicology 14 - hours

Definitions, Major classes of environmental toxicants, Origin and Nature of Toxicants in Environment. Basic
Probit analysis, concepts – Toxicants – Toxicity, Acute, sub-acute, chronic, dose effect, LD 50, LC 50, EC 50
and response safe limits. Dose response relationship, graphs, concentration response relationship, Safe
Limits.
Biological, chemical Factors that influence. Influence of route of administration abnormal response to
chemicals; basis of selective toxicity; laboratory determination of toxicity of chemicals.
Unit:2 Chemical and Metal Toxicants 14 - hours
Classification of pesticides – Pest surveillance, resistance, residual effects, toxic effects of
insecticides on man and mammals. Heavy metals-Speciation, Metals- Toxicity, Properties,
occurrence, Production, Industrial uses, Metabolism, Physiology, Toxicology, Prophylaxis and
Therapy - Aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and mercury. Mutagenesis and
carcinogenesis - case studies. Emerging pollutants in environment- Endocrine disruptors-
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products.
Unit:3 Xenobiotics in Environment 14 - hours
Bioconcentrations – Volatilization – Biological and non-biological degradations, Detoxification.
Chlorinated organics in environment and their fate. Short chained chlorinated hydrocarbons –
Toxicity – Ecotoxicological relevants and degradation. PCB – Dioxins levels, fate, toxicity and their
global distribution. Toxaphene – occurrence and degradation. Environmental risk assessments-
Biomonitoring - Bioindicators- Environmental specimen banking.

28
Unit:4 Mechanism of Toxicants 14 - hours
Bioaccumulation- Bioconcentration – Biomagnifications –mechanisms in biota – Significant
influence, mechanisms and Kinetics of Bioconcentration. Cellular response to chemical stress –
membrane process; intracellular fate of chemicals, cell receptors, cell injury and apoptosis. Long-
term impact of chemicals in aquatic organisms, soil invertebrates and Avian species
Unit:5 Toxicology Models and Testing Methods 14 - hours
Biotransformation of xenobiotics – Molecular mode of action – Toxicity Testing Methods –
Microbial, algal, invertebrates and alternative toxicity tests. Computational – QSAR modeling and
Bioinformatics in toxicology. Multimedia mass balance models – fugacity – nonfugacity models –
applications of multimedia models. Future test strategies in Ecotoxicology – Legislative perspectives.
Animal management in Toxicological Evaluation: Animal extrapolation; Animal ethics.
Environmental specimen banking.
Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours
Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars
Total Lecture hours 72 - hours
Text Book(s)
1 Environmental Risks and Hazards, Cutter, S.L. (1994), Prenctice - Hall of India, New Delhi
2 Hand book of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management, Callow, P. (1998), Blackwell
Science, London
Reference Books
1 Introduction to Environmental Toxicology- Landis, W. G. and Yu, M. H. (2003),3rdedition, Lewis
Publishers, CRC press , NY
2 Essentials of Toxicology – Klaassen, C.D, and Watkins III, J.B. (2003), 3rd Ed., McGrew Hill
3 Environmental Impact of Chemicals: Assessment and Control, Quint, M. D., Taylor, D., Purchase, R.
(1996), The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
4 Environmental Risk Assessment Reports, Benjamin, S.L. and Belluck, D.A. (2001),CRC Press.
5 Casarett and Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology. Klaassen, C. and Watkins III, J. B. (2010),
2ndedition, McGraw Hill Education
6 Environmental Toxicology-Biological and Health effects of Pollutants. Yu, M.-H.,Tsunado, H. and
Tsunoda, M. (2011), 3rd edition, CRC Press
7 Ecotoxicology, Schuurmann, G. and Market, G. (1998), John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Related Online Contents [MOOC, SWAYAM, NPTEL, Websites etc.]
1 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/120/108/120108002/
2 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/120/108/120108004/

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S M M S L S S S L M
CO2 S M M S S S S M L M
CO3 S S S M L M S L L L
CO4 S M S M L L S L L L
CO5 M S S M L L S L L L

29
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Course code 24ENVA23C L T P C
ASSESSMENT AND GREEN
AUDITING
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge in environmental impact Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite
assessment Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Introduce students to the concept of Environmental Management
2. Develop skills in identifying and solving environmental problems
3. Teach the principles and practices of effective environmental management system audits

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Explain the concepts about Environmental Impact Assessment, develop skills in K2
identifying and solving problems
2 Locate, analyse and evaluate informations from various environmental matrices K4
systematically
3 Access and analyse different case studies/examples of EIA in practice K4
for evaluation/assessment
4 Explain the importance of environmental audits and other management tools in K3
business for social benefit by improving environmental performance
5 Calculate the carbon footprint of any organization and identify suitable mitigation K5
strategies for carbon reduction solutions.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Fundamentals of EIA 14 - hours

Definition, Roles and Classification– Screening of Projects – Environmental Assessment
Procedures– Project Alternatives - Environmental Impact Statement – Environmental Management
Plan - EIA Notification 2006 and amendments - Public Participation - State and Central Clearance -
Marine Based Monitoring - Limitations of EIA - Status of EIA in India.
Unit:2 EIA Methods 14 - hours
Adhoc Method – Checklist Methods – Matrix Methods – Network Methods. Prediction and
Assessment of Impacts on Natural Resources–Biota, Surface Waters, Ground Water, Air, Noise,
Hazards, Historic and Cultural Resources, Transportation, Socio-economic relationships.

Unit:3 Project based EIA 14 - hours

Land Clearing Projects – Dam sites –Aquaculture– Mines–Steel–Hydel–Thermal–Nuclear–Oil and
Gas based Power Plants – Highways projects – Industrial Projects. Inter linking of Rivers and River
Basin Management.

Unit:4 Green Auditing 14 - hours

Introduction, Necessity, Procedure for Environmental Auditing, Case Study. Environmental
Management System- ISO 14000 series of standards and Methodologies. Green Entrepreneurship-
Green Consumerism, Eco-labeling. Certification Process – Different Phases of Audit, Certification
Audit, Certification Agencies. Greenbelt Designing and development, Green rating of industries.

Unit:5 EIA & GA case studies 14 – hours

30
Narmada River Valley Project, Mumbai - Hyderabad High Speed Rail Project, Delhi Metro project,
Hunan Xiangjang Inland watering (China), Airport terminal building for Guwahati International
Airport, Sugar factory- Kumbhi Kasari Kolhapur, Municipal solid waste management (IISc Bangalore),
Jagannath University Green Audit.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Environmental Impact Assessment, Canter, L.W. (1996), McGraw Hill, New York.
2 Environmental Audit, Shrivastava, A. K. (2003), New Delhi, India
3 Environmental Impact Assessment- A Comprehensive Guide to Project and Strategic
Planning, Eccleston, C. H. (2000), John Wiley and Sons.
4 Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Smit, B., Reimer, J. A., Oldenburg, C. M.
and Bourg, I. C. (2014), Imperial College Press, London.

Reference Books
1 Environmental Impact Statements, Bregman, J. I. (1999), Lewis Publishers, London.
2 Environmental Assessment, Singleton R, Castle, P and Sort, D. (1999), Thomas Telford
Publishing, London.
3 Effective Environmental Assessment, Eccleston, C. H. (2000), Lewis Publishers, London.
4 Environmental Auditing, Humphery, N. and Hadley. M. (2000), Boca Raton, USA.
5 Green Accounting, Bartelmus, P. and Seifert, E. K. (2017), Taylor & Francis Limited.
6 Perspectives in Environmental Studies, Kaushik, A. and Kaushik C. P. (2014). 4th Edition,
New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
7 Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, Ussiri, D. A. N. Lal, R.
(2017), Springer International Publishing.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S S S S S S S S L S
CO3 S S S S S S S S M S
CO3 M S S S S S S S L S
CO4 M M M S S S S S L S
CO5 S M S S S S S S S S

S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

31
Course BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
24ENVA23D L T P C
code
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Must have basic knowledge on Biology Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite
Version 2025
V
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
To impart understanding on the occurrence and distribution of various flora and fauna, their
existence, interaction, Importance of biodiversity conservation and understand about Legislation
related to conservation.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Will understand the basic principles of conservation is important in order to K1& K2
address the ecological challenges we face in the 21st century.
Student will gain knowledge about the diversity distribution pattern of the
enormous number of species and different kind of ecosystems in the natural
world.
This course will provide an introduction to the basic principles of conservation
and biodiversity. Protecting our remaining biological diversity will involve all
fields of science, from the humanities to natural sciences.
2 The interaction between the various species and environment and the impact K3
of social development on biodiversity.
Will gain knowledge in distribution of species in different ecosystem
Will gain knowledge in threats to species, extinction and indicator
species
3 The importance of conservation of biodiversity which serving to the mankind K4
and the ecosystem, and the major threats to biodiversity due to human
developmental activities. The loss of biodiversity and the impact to the
humankind.
4 Will gain knowledge about legislations regarding the conservation of K5
biodiversity.
Will gain knowledge in values of ethics, biodiversity Intellectual, Economics
of Ecosystem, Food Plants, medicinal and ornamental plants.
5 Will gain knowledge on legislation in Conservation and Management of K6
biodiversity
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 – Create

Unit:1 Scope and Constraints of Biodiversity Science 14 hours

Scope and Constraints of Biodiversity Science, Composition and Scales of Biodiversity-
Ecosystem- Ecological – Community - species and Genetic diversity; Origin of new species,
Introduction to Taxonomy and Systematics, Basic Components of Taxonomy and Systematics:
Identification, Description and Nomenclature, Phylogeny and Classification, The Hardy-
Weinberg law; Gene flow- Genetic pollution and gene erosion; Species Concept–Biological
and Phylogenic Concepts; Species Inventory– IUCN categories–Red data book.

Unit:2 Species Diversity 14 hours

Diversity-Global Distribution of Species- Tropical species diversity –Diversity in terrestrial,
marine and freshwater –Micro-organisms-lower and higher plants–lower and higher invertebrates
and vertebrates; Endemic and Endangered species; Monitoring indicator species and habitats;
32
Threats to biodiversity: Habitat Destruction, Fragmentation, Transformation, Degradation and
Loss: Causes, Patterns and consequences on the Biodiversity of Major Land and Aquatic Systems;
Species Extinction–Past rate of Extinction–Human Caused Extinctions; Man and animal
conflicts. Biodiversity hotspot-Western Ghats- Eastern Ghats– Himalayas.

Unit:3 Habitats and Ecosystem 14 hours

History of ecosystem ecology, Human induced Ecosystem change, Urban Ecosystem
Classification– Ecosystem mapping; Habitat lass: Habitat destruction–Fragmentation and
degradation–desertification; Invasive Species: biological impacts on terrestrial and aquatic
systems; Overexploitation: Impacts of Exploitation on Target and Non-target Terrestrial and
Aquatic species and Ecosystems; Wildlife monitoring techniques: Pug mark identification -
Camera trap - Radio collaring; Case Studies–Deciduous Forests- Desert Lizard communities–
Marine and Coral Reef-Fish Communities- Island species.

Unit:4 Values of Biodiversity 14 hours

Instrumental/Utilitarian value and their categories, Direct use value: Food, medicine, building
material, fiber, fuel; Introduction to Ecological Economics; Indirect/Non-consumptive use
value: Atmospheric and climate regulation, pollination, nutrient recycling, Monetizing the value of
Biodiversity; Intrinsic Value; Ethical and aesthetic values, Anthropocentrism, Biocentrism,
Ecocentrism and Religions; Intellectual Value; Economics of Ecosystem, Green Revolution,
Food Plants, medicinal and ornamental plants, animal uses– livestock and fisheries.

Unit:5 Conservation and Management: 14 hours

National Legislation – Protection of Wild flora and Fauna -Protection of National Habitats -
National and International Protected Areas – Current Practices in Conservation - in situ
Conservation and ex situ Conservation of Threatened Species – Biodiversity Act 2002 – Patent Act
– Agenda 21 – Forest protection Act-Forest conservation Act 1980-Multilateral Treaties –
Biodiversity Conventions. Environmental ethics – Biodiversity – a Socio – Political Perspective;
Community conserved Areas (CCAs) - Range sand significance of CCAs.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 hours

Expert lectures, online seminars – webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 hours

Text Book(s)
1 Global Biodiversity – Status of the Earths Living Resources, Groombridge, B. (1992),
Chapman & Hall, London.
2 Ecology of Natural Resources, Ramade, F. (1991), John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
3 Global Biodiversity and Strategy, WRI, IUCN, UNEP (1992).
4 Biodiversity, Science and Development, Younes, T and Castri, F. (1996),CAB
International,,UK.
5 The Biology of Biodiversity, Kato, M. (1999), Springer Verlag, Tokyo.

6 Biodiversity Conservation – In Managed forest and Protected areas, Kotwal, P.C. and
Banerjee, S. (2002), Agrobios, India.
7 Global Biodiversity, Sinha, R. K. (1997), INA Shree Publishers, Jaipur.
8 Mega diversity Conservation, flora, Fauna and Medicinal Plants of India’s hot spots,
Chaudhuri, A. B. and Sarkar, D. D. (2003), Daya Publishing House, New Delhi.
9 Conservation of Biodiversity and Natural Resources. Singh, M.P., Singh B.S. and Dey, S.S.

33
(2004), Daya Publishing House, New Delhi.
10 Biodiversity –Strategies for Conservation, Dadhich L. K. and Sharma, A.P. (2002), APH
Publishing Corporation, New Delhi
11 Global Biodiversity – Conservation Measure, Khan, T. I and Al-Ajmi, D. N. (1999),
Pointer Publishers, Jaipur.
12 An Advanced Textbook on Biodiversity – Principles and Practice, Krishnamurthy,
K.V.(2003), Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi.
13 An advanced Text book on biodiversity, Krishnamurthy, K. V.(2003), Oxford and IBH
Book Publishing Co Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.
14 Evolution, Hall, B. K. and Hall grims son, B. (2014), 5th Edition, Johnes and Bartlett India
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
15 Ridley, M.(2004), Evolution, 3rd Edition, Blackwell Science Ltd a Blackwell Publishing
company, USA,
16 Curry, G.B. and. Humphries C.J. (2007), Biodiversity Databases Techniques, Politics, and
Applications, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
17 The conservation of Plant Biodiversity, Frankel, O. H., Brown, A.H.D.and Burdon, J.J.
(1995), 1st edition, Cambridge University Press.
18 Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Levin, S.A. (2000), Volume 1, Academic Press.
19 Manual of patent Practice and procedure Patent office, India, 2005.
20 Evolution Understanding Evolution http:// evolution. berkeley.edu /evolibrary/ article/
evo_01 accessed on 28.12.2014.
Reference Books
1 Geologic Time and Earth's Biological History ftp://ftpdata.dnr.sc.gov
/geology/Education/PDF /Geologic%20Time.pdf .
2 Center of origin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center of origin
accessed on 28.12.2014
3 Biodiversity Hotspots - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot accessed on
28.12.2014.
4 Plant Genetic Resources: Otto, H., Anthony, H.D., Brown and Burdon J.J. (1995).
5 The Conservation of Plant Biodiversity, 1st edition, Cambridge University Press
6 Megadiverse Countries; http:// geography. about.com/od/ physicalgeography
/a/Megadiverse - Countries. htm accessed on 28.12.2014.
7 Geo data base Standards: www.data. gov.bc.ca/local/dbc /docs/geo/services/ standards
procedures/ file_geobase_standards.pdf accessed on 31.12.2014.
8 Barcode Standards: barcoding.si.edu/pdf/dwg_data_standards-final.pdf accessed on
31.12.2014
9 UNESCO http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India accessed on
31.12.2014
10 Biodiversity Databases Techniques, Politics, and Applications, Curry, G.B. and Humphries,
C. J. (2007), CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Frankel,
11 UNIT V: Biodiversity Economics, Legislation and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR):
12 Environmental and Forest Acts, TRIPS, UPCOV, Suigeneris systems, Plant Breeders
13 Conservation, Management and use of Agrobiodiversity naasindia.org/Policy% 20Papers
/pp4.pdf
14 PPV & FRA http://www.plantauthority.in/ accessed on 31.12.2014
15 Patent office of India http://www.ipindia.nic.in/ accessed on 31.12.2014

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 L S M M M L M M S M
CO2 M M L S M M M M S L
CO3 L M M M S M L L S M
CO4 M S L M S M M M M L
CO5 L M M M S L L M S M
S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

35
CLIMATE CHANGE AND
Course code 24ENVA2EB-1 L T P C
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Core/Elective/Supportive Elective 4 0 0 4
Basic Aptitude in Natural Hazards Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite 2025
and Disaster Version
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. To educate the students about the different types of natural hazards and
understand approaches
2. To understand the disaster preparedness, mitigation and risk reduction.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Will be able to understand and differentiate the different types of disasters, K1&
analyse the causes and their potential impact on the natural and man-made K2
environments.
2 Will be able to create awareness among the vulnerable population as a measure of K6
disaster mitigation
3 Educate people about the importance of preparedness in vulnerable areas. K3
4 will be able to know about the various national and international agencies K2
that play a major role in disaster management
5 The knowledge gained will enable the students to volunteer themselves in disaster K4&
management programs thus helping affected community. K5
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Introduction to Climate Change 14 - hours

Climate change – Global warming - Trends in climatology, meteorology and hydrology, Extreme
weather events – Rising sea levels, Melting ice, super cell storms, Heat wave and droughts, changing
ecosystem, pests and disease, Reduced food security – Global, national and regional scenario.

Unit:2 Climate change and Disaster risk 14 - hours

Effects of climate change on disaster vulnerabilities – population exposure and vulnerability - people,
health, livelihoods, ecosystems, environmental services, resources, infrastructure, and economic,
social, and cultural assets, Disaster Concepts and Definitions – Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability, Disaster,
Resilience, Mitigation, DRR, DRM, Emergency, Response, Relief; Resilience, Reconstruction,
Recovery - Disaster Profile of India

Unit:3 Introduction to Disasters 14 - hours

Types of Disasters : Nature and characteristics : Cyclone – Tornadoes – Avalanches – Flood –Drought
– Volcanic eruptions– Earthquakes –Seismic zonation -Tsunamis - Wild Fire – Landslides – Causes and effects
Disaster Management

Predisaster Planning-Toning of Disaster – prone areas – prioritization –regulations – protection measures during di

36
Disaster Management Cycle – Vulnerability Analysis –– Legal Aspects – case studies for disasters
and management. Technology for Disaster Management – Role of Information and communication
technology, Remote sensing and Geographic Information System in Disaster Management.
Unit:4 Disaster Preparedness and Training 14 - hours
Community Preparedness and public participation in Natural Disasters-Disaster Training –Role
of information, education, communication and training- Roles and responsibilities of different national
and international agencies and government - NGO, Armed forces, Paramilitary forces, Community
based organizations (CBO) - Army Training for Disaster Reduction –Role of team and co-ordination -
Training needs.

Unit:5 Mitigation and Management Strategies 14 - hours

Disaster Mitigation – Trends in disaster management - UN resolution on Strengthening of
Coordination of Humanitarian Emergency Assistance, International Decade for Natural Disaster
Reduction (IDNDR), Policy for disaster reduction, problems of financing and insurance. Training for
emergency, Regulation/guidelines for disaster tolerance building structures.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars, case studies - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Natural Disaster, Sharma, R. K. & Sharma, G. (2005), APH Publishing Corporation, New
Delhi.
2 Ross Prizzia (2015). Climate Change and Disaster Management. Sentia Publishing,
USA.
3 Natural Hazards and Disaster Management -Vulnerability and Mitigation, Singh. R. B,
(2006), Rawat Publications, New Delhi.

Reference Books
1 Natural Hazards, Edwards, B. (2005), Cambridge University Press, U.K.
2 Early warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Zschau, J. and Kuppers, N.
(2003), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
3 Space Technology for Disaster management: A Remote Sensing & GIS Perspective ,
Roy, P.S. (2000), Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA), Dehradun.
4 A Manual on Disaster Management, Diwan, P. (2010), Pentagon Earth, New Delhi.
5 Disaster Management: A disaster Manager’s Handbook, Carter, N.W. (1992), Asian
Development Bank, Manila.
Related Online Contents [MOOC, SWAYAM, NPTEL, Websites etc.]
1 www.iirs.nrsa.org
2 www.GIS. Development.net
3 http://quake.usgs.gov
4 https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/climate- adaptation?
gclid=EAIaIQobChMIpqyWvqDV9wIVVJJmAh26oQ0iEAAYBCAAEgJNd_D_B wE

5 https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/191561/1/978-1-138-56735-1.pdf
6 https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-can-climate-change-affect-natural-disasters
7 https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/nou21_ge37/preview

37
8 https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec20_ge35/preview
9 NIDM http://nidm.gov.in/default.asp
10 NDMA http://www.ndma.gov.in/en/

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 M S S S S M L S L S
CO2 M M S M S S M S M M
CO3 M M M M S S M S L M
CO4 L M S S S M M S L M
CO5 M M S S S M M M M M

38
ENVIRONMENTAL
Course code 24ENVA2EB-2 L T P C
GEOSCIENCES
Core/Elective/Supportive Elective 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on Earth
Pre-requisite Syllabus Version 2024-2025
Resources
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Impart knowledge on the fundamentals of natural environment
2. Understand the Earth, Geochemistry, Mineral and Water resources of the environment
3. Study about the Earth Systems and Biosphere

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Have a basic understanding on the Earth resources K1
2 Have sound knowledge on the earth's structure, natural resources and K2
the environment
3 Understanding the Earth system of interacting rock, water, air and life and how K2
these elements have shaped Earth’s surface
4 Have the skill to identify the geologic features of the earth and use them to K2
understand the geologic history of a region.

K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 The Earth Systems and Biosphere 14 - hours

Conservation of matter in various geospheres – lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
Energy budget of the earth. Earth’s thermal environment and seasons. Ecosystems flow of energy
and matter. Coexistence in communities-food webs, ecosystems terrestrial and aquatic. General
relationship between landscape, biomes and climate. Climates of India, Indian Monsoon, El Nino,
Droughts. Tropical cyclones and Western Disturbances.

Unit:2 Earth’s Processes and Geological Hazards 14 - hours

Earths processes; concept of residence, time and rates of natural cycles. Catastrophic geological
hazards. Study of floods, landslides, earthquakes, volcanism and avalanche. Prediction and perception
of the hazards and adjustments to hazardous activities.

Unit:3 Mineral Resources and Environment 14 - hours

Resources and Reserves, Minerals and Population. Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral
resources. Ocean ore and recycling of resources. Environmental impact of exploitation, processing and
smelting of minerals.

Unit:4 Water Resources and Environment 14 - hours

Global Water Balance. Ice sheets and fluctuations of sea levels. Origin and composition of seawater.
Hydrological cycle - piper diagram with hydrological cycle. Factors influencing the surface water.
Types of water. Resources of oceans. Ocean pollution by toxic wastes. Human use of surface and
ground waters. Ground water pollution.

39
Land use Planning: The land use plan. Soil surveys in relation to land use planning. Methods of site
selection and evaluation.

Unit:5 Environmental Geochemistry 14 - hours

Concept of major, trace and Rare Earth Elements (REE). Classification of trace elements, Mobility of
trace elements, Geochemical cycles. Biogeochemical factors in environmental health. Human use,
trace elements and health. Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Geoenvironment - An introduction, Aswathanarayana, U., (1995), Capital Books.
2 A text book of environment, Agrawal, K. M, Sikdar, P. K., and Deb, S. C., (2002), 1st
Edition, Macmillan India.
3 Groundwater assessment, development and management, Karanth, K.R., (1987), Tata
McGraw Hill.
4 Engineering and General Geology, Singh, P. (1999), S. K. Kataria & Sons, New Delhi.
5 Environmental Geology-Indian Context, Valdiya, K. S. (1987), Tata McGraw Hill
Publication. Co., Bombay.

Reference Books
1 Natural Hazard, Bryant, E. A. (1991), Cambridge University Press.
2 Geology and Society, Coates, D.R. (1985), Chapman & Hall, New York.
3 Environmental Geology, Keller, E.A. (1999), 8thediton, Pearson.
4 Geology, Environment and Society, Valdiya, K. S. (2004), Universities Press.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S M M M M M M M M M
CO2 M M L M S M M M L S
CO3 M M M L M L L M M M
CO4 M M M M M M M M L L

*S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

40
Third Semester

41
Course code WASTE MANAGEMENT
24ENVA33A AND L T P C
BIOREMEDIATION
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on
Pre-requisite Syllabus 2024-2025
different types of waste and
Version
its management
Course Objectives
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Impart knowledge on the management of solid and liquid wastes from municipal and industrial
sources
2. Study the principles behind remedial measures for waste management, recycling of wastes
3. Understand the concept of bioremediation

Expected Course Outcomes

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understanding of the management of solid and liquid wastes from municipal and K2
industrial sources.
2 Apply the principles of remedial measures of recycling, reuse and recovery from K3
the wastes.
3 Understand and describe the principle and mechanistic role of microbes in the K2
degradation of various pollutants.

K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Waste Management 14 - hours

Different Types of waste and sources – Solid Waste Management and Disposal: Sanitary landfills, Sources
and Generation of Solid Waste –classification. Waste Minimization approaches – Monitoring and
Management strategies. Hazardous waste management- Hospital waste disposal strategies, Radioactive
Waste management. Waste Disposal Methods – incineration, pyrolysis, Biomining of legacy waste.

Unit:2 Recycling of Wastes 14 -hours

3R Strategy for waste management- Recycling of waste for Industrial, Agricultural and Domestic Purposes;
Recycling of Metals, Reuse, recovery and reduction of paper and plastics; Fly Ash utilization, Recycling of
waste in industries, Recycling of waste in paper, pulp and beverages industries, Strategies for conversion of
biodegradable waste into organic fertilizers and fuels. Composting, Vermicomposting and biomethanization.
Energy recovery from waste.

Unit:3 Microbial Activity and Geomicrobiology 14 - hours

Microbial Activity in Soil, Lithosphere as Microbial habitat, Nutritional diversity among prokaryotes,
Geomicrobial transformations – Biodegradation of carbonates – Biomobilization of silicon, phosphate,
nitrogen. Disinfection of hospital waste. Geomicrobiology of fossil fuel, methane, peat, coal and petroleum.

Unit:4 Principles of Bioremediation 14 - hours

42
Microbial growth and Metabolism - Genetic plasticity – Metabolic pathways for the degradation of
xenobiotics, Principles and mechanisms of biodeterioration - Microbial leaching of metal ores, Biosurfactant
based bioremediation, Molecular techniques in bioremediation, Phytoremediation – Phytodegradation,
phytovolatilization, phytoextraction, plant - microbe interaction in organic and inorganic polluted soils -
Genetic engineering approaches.

Unit:5 Bioremediation of waste pollutants, soil and water 14 - hours

ecosystem
Degradation of xenobiotics –bioremediation of hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH),
Heterocyclic Compounds, Phenols and Chlorophenolic compounds, Cyanide, dyes and Plastics, In situ and
ex situ bioremediation methods, Bioremediation of Surface Soils, Fate and transport of contaminants in the
Vadose zone, Types of soil treatment systems –Bioreactors. Bio treatments of harbor Sediments.
Bioremediation of fresh water and marine ecosystems:

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars – webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Hazardous Wastes and Solid Wastes, Liu, D.H.F and Liptak, B.G. (2000), Lewis Publishers,
New York.
2 Geomicrobiology, Ehrlich, H. L. (1996), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
3 Bioremediation, Baker, K. H. and Herson, D. S. (1994), McGraw–Hill Inc, New York

Reference Books
1 Microbial Ecology, IV Ed., Atlast, R.M and Bartha, R, (2000), Addison Wesley Longman Inc.
2 Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Alexander, A. (1999), Academic Press
3 Recycling of Crop, Animal and Human Waste in Agriculture, Tandon, H.L.S.(1995), McGraw
Hill Publishing Co.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 M M S S M S S M M M
CO2 M S M S M S S M M S
CO3 S M M S M S S S M S

43
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW,
Course code 24ENVA33B L T P C
POLICY AND AUDITING
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Fundamental knowledge on Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite
environmental law and policy Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are:
1. To understand statutory and regulatory framework in India with regard
to Environmental affairs
2. To understand significant development in national and international environmental laws
3. To impart knowledge about environmental auditing, regulations and policies
of India and international perspectives

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand Environmental issues and response of judiciary system to K1
environmental issues.
2 Exercise his rights like right to information, and know about legal remedies K3
available for environmental protection – national and international environmental
laws
3 Know about fundamental rights of human beings to live in healthy environment – K3
Clean air, water and soil
4 Plan an environmental management system for societal benefits by improving K4
environmental performance of organizations
5 Conduct on-site assessments and prepare audit reports. K5
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 History of Environmental Policy 14 - hours

(Ancient India, Medieval India, British India, during post independent era, the seventies, eighties and
nineties)- International environmental policy – environmental problems and their impact on
international system, the instruments of international environmental policy – international law- soft
law - (treaties, conventions and protocols) scientific cooperation - fund support, sanction, dispute
settlement procedures, non state actors and international environmental policy - Transnational
environmental policies – the Indus river basin, the Ganga – Brahmaputra river basin system.

Unit:2 International Environmental Laws 14 - hours

Hazardous Wastes-Basal convention – Necessity for International Environmental Court - United
Nations Environment Programme [UNEP] role on international environment laws. Land use policy
for India – Urban planning. Constitutional and legislative provisions in India : Environmental
protection and fundamental rights, judicial remedies and procedures – Tort law, public nuisance, the
writ jurisdiction, statutory remedies, public interest litigation, class action, freedom of information
and the right to know,.

Unit:3 Indian Environmental Legislation 14 - hours

44
Nodal Agencies – E-waste Rules, 2016, State Level Environmental Assessment Authority, State
Pollution Control Board, Mines and Mineral Act (Development and Regulations). Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Central Pollution Control Board, Tamilnadu Pollution
Control Board- The Water (prevention and control of pollution) Act of 1974, The Water Cess act of
1977, The Wildlife Protection Act 1972, The Air (prevention and control of pollution) act of 1981,
The Public Liability Insurance act of 1991, The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995, The
National Environment Appellate Authority act, 1997, The Mines and Minerals act, 1957- The
Atomic Energy Act, 1962, The Factories Act, 1948. The Environmental Protection Act, 1986, The
forest conservation act 1980, National Green Tribunal Act 2010, Plastics Waste management Rules
2015, Hazardous Waste Rules, 2016.

Unit:4 Environmental Auditing 14 - hours

Organizations and the environment -Objectives and Scope –Types of EA – Objective based
(Liability, management and functional audits); Client driven – Elements of audit process(What, who,
why and how) – Environmental issues: Identification of problems.

Unit:5 Benefits And Costs Of Environmental Audit 14 - hours

Contents of EA reports -Tools for EA (EMSs) –International standards for environment quality –ISO
14001, 19011 - EA in India – Gazette Notification, 1992- Case studies: South India Viscose rayon unit
case, Public Participation –A case study approach.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Environmental law in India, Singh, G. (2005), McMillan, New Delhi.
2 Environmental law and policy in India, Diwan, S. And Rosencrany, A. (2001), Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.

Reference Books
1 Environmental Management in Practice, Nath B., Hens, L., Compton, P. and Devuyst, D.
(1998), Vol I, Routledge, London and New York.
2 The ISO 14000 Handbook: The New International Environmental Management Standards,
Cascio. J. (1996), McGraw Hill Professional.
3 ISO 14004 – Environmental management systems: General guidelines on principles, systems
And supporting techniques (ISO 14004: 1996 (E).
4 ISO 14001: Environmental management systems: Specification with guidance for use (ISO
14001: 1996b (E)), International organization for standardization – Switzerland.
5 Pollution Control Legislations, (1999), Vol. I and II, Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board,
Chennai

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S L M S L S M S L M
CO2 S L M S L S S S M S
CO3 S S M S S S S S M S
CO4 M S S S M S S S M S
CO5 S S S S M S S S S S

46
Course 24ENVA33C REMOTE SENSING AND L T P C
code GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
SYSTEM
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on remote sensing Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite
and geographic data Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are :
1. To teach the principles and applications of spatial information technologies viz RS, GPS and
GIS about the distribution of resources.
2. To give hands-on training on the uses of Remote sensing and GIS software in environmental studies

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able :
1 To learn how sensors collect spatial geographic data
2 To generate geographical information by processing digital data by remote sensing and assess its
environmental applications.
3 To apply RS, GIS and GPS tools in various dimensions of the environment.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit 1 Concepts and Foundations of Remote Sensing 14 -hours

History of remote sensing - Electro-magnetic energy – Properties and interaction with the earth and
atmosphere. Atmospheric windows. Black, white and grey bodies, Keys of Image interpretations.
Aerial photo-classification based on attitude of camera lens, distortions caused due to flight
irregularities, overlaps, scale, relief displacement and its effects. Photo recognition elements,
Different types of photographs.

Unit 2 Introduction to GIS and GIS Software 14 -hours

Fundamentals of GIS: Concepts of components Layers and features, Raster/Vector data sets -
Georeferencing and projection, Spatial and attributes and GIS basics; Data attributes and spatial
topology, Digitization and data attributes -map data representation, GPS., Software -Arc GIS; Open
Sources GIS consorception - QGIS, Google earth engine, OSM (Open Series Map).

Unit: 3 Elements of Photographic Systems and Computer Applications 14 -hours

Landsat IRS and other satellite systems- satellite data. Principals involved in thermal IR image and
microwave image interpretation. Image restoration methods, Image processing, Image resolution,
filtering techniques, Classification-supervised and unsupervised NDVI, Open sources satellite
systems, BUVAN Geos GLFC, Planet

Unit: 4 Remote Sensing Applications 14 –hours

Impact Assessment – Pollution Monitoring – Water – Air –Ocean Pollution – Land Degradation –
Desertification – Industry – Mining – Ground Water Modeling – Damage Assessment – Coastal and
Marine Applications – Future Sensors – Satellite System – ENVISAT – Megha Tropiques – TRMM –
EOS Missions – Integral Earth Observation Studies – Global Change-Case studies. Applications of
different types of images in Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Archaeology, Marine
Studies, Forestry, Soils, Hazard Management, Climate Projections etc.

Unit: 5 GIS Applications 14 –hours

47
Resources mapping, Inventory and monitoring natural resources, Land cover mapping, Wetland
mapping – Applications to Agriculture – Water Management, Specific Applications – Infrastructure –
Ground Water. GPS applications – Principles of Accuracy – Database Creation – Networking of Data.

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 –hours

Expert lectures, online seminars – webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 – hours

Text Book(s)
1 Remote Sensing and GIS for Environmental Planning, Muralikrishna, I.V. (1995), Tata-
McGraw Hill.
2 Environmental Monitoring: Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS, Singh, R.B. (1992),
Geocartho International Centre, Honk Hong.
3 Environmental Remote Sensing from Regional and Global Scales, Foody, G.M. and Curran,
P. J. (1994), 1st edition, Wiley.
4 Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing, Barrett, E.C and Curtis, L.F. (1982),
Chapman and Hall.
5 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, Joseph, G. (2003), Universities Press (India) Ltd.,
Hyderguda, Hyderabad.
6 PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING PAUL J. CURRAN, RAWAT Publishing, 2020 edition
7 Basics of Remote Sensing and GIS by Dr. S.Kumar Laxmi Publications 2005

Reference Books
1 Remote Sensing and image interpretation, Lillesand, T., Keifer, R. W. and Chipman, J. W.
(2004), 5th edition, John Wiley and sons, New York.
2 Remote Sensing Techniques for Environmental Analysis, Estes J. E. and Senger, L.W.
(1973), John Wiley and Sons, New York.
3 Remote Sensing of Environment, Lintz, J. and Simonett, D.S. (1976), Reading,
Massachusetts, Addition – Wesley Publishing Co.
4 Geographic Information Systems – Spatial Modeling and Policy Evaluation, Fischer, M. M.
and Nijkamp, P. (1993), Springer – Verlag.
5 Advances in Environmental Remote Sensing, Danson, F.M. and Plummer, S.E. (1995), John
Wiley & Sons.
6 Space Remote Sensing Systems – An Introduction, Chen, H.S. (1985), 2nd edition, Academic
Press.
7 Digital Image Processing, Pratt, W. K. (2001), John Wiley & Sons.
8 Observation of Earth and its Environment – Survey of Missions and Sensors, Herbert, K. J.
(2002), Springer-Verlag.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand the engineering concepts of wastewater treatment K1
2 Understand the various parameters influencing the wastewater retreatment K2
3 Attempt to design a water treatment method for real time effluents K3
4 Know the different analytical methods of wastewater treatment and K4
Disinfection methods
5 Gain knowledge about environment protection and operation of pollution K5
Control devices
K1-Remember;K2-Understand; K3-Apply;K4-Analyze;K5–Evaluate;K6-Create

Unit:1 Wastewater Characteristics and Primary Wastewater 14-hours

Treatment
Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of wastewater -domestic wastewater, industrial
effluents, Preliminary treatment- barracks and screens, grit removal-Designing of primary treatment of
wastewater—flow measurement, equalization, mixing, sedimentation, flocculation, neutralization,
floatation, flash mixer, clariflocculator, sedimentation tanks.

Unit:2 Secondary Wastewater 14-hours

Treatment- Aerobic
Methods
Designing of Secondary treatment of wastewater-Types- Aerobic wastewater treatment-Designing of
Aeration Tanks, Diffusers, mechanicalaerators,TricklingFilters,WasteStabilizationPonds,Rotating
Biological contactor (RBC), Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR), Activated sludge process
(ASP), modifications, Advanced activated sludge process(AASP), Advantages of aerobic wastewater
treatment.

Unit:3 Secondary Wastewater Treatment– 14-hours

Anaerobic Methods
Anaerobic wastewater treatment- Designing of anaerobic digester-Up flow Anaerobic Sludge
Blanket Reactor (UASB), Sewage anaerobic system for WWT-Advantages of anaerobic wastewater
treatment, importance of microorganisms in biological treatment. Disinfection methods- chlorination-
chlorine dosage, chlorine demand and residual chlorine.

Unit:4 Tertiary Wastewater Treatment 14-hours

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Designing of Tertiary wastewater treatment- Advanced oxidation processes, Reverse osmosis-Ion
exchange method, Methods for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus-Multiple Evaporators, Sludge
Drying Bed- Grey water management, zero liquid discharge, Eco-friendly reuse of wastewater

Unit:5 ETP and Air Pollution Abatement 14-hours

Criteria for Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), Industrial Effluent treatment plant–Paper, food,
tannery, sugar and textile industries, Air Pollution control- Designing of Settling Chamber, stack height,
flue gas recirculation, bio beds, Cyclones, Fabric filters, wet scrubbers and Electrostatic Precipitators

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2-hours

Expert lectures, online seminars, case studies- webinars

Total Lecture hours 72-hours

Text Books
1 WastewaterEngineering:TreatmentandReuse,MetcalfandEddy.(2003),TataMcGrawHill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
2 HandbookofWaterandWastewaterTreatmentPlantOperations,Spellman,F.R.(2003),
Lewis Publishers, London.

Reference Books
1 Water and Wastewater Technology, Hammer, M.J. and Hammer, Jr.M.J. (2001),
Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2 Environmental Engineering: A Design Approach, Sincero, A.P. and Sincero, G.A.
(1999), Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3 Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Masters, G.M. (2004),
Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4 Environmental Engineering, Peavy, H.S . (2003), Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., New Delhi.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

PO
COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 9 PO10
CO1 M S S M M S L M L S
CO2 M M M L L S M S M S
CO3 M S S M L S M M L S
CO4 L S M S L S S S L S
CO5 L M S M M S M S M S

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Course Code 24ENVA3EC-1 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY 4.0 L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive Elective 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on computational Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite 2025
methods Version
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Educate the students about industry 4.0tools
2. Impart knowledge on Big data analysis
3. Impart knowledge on Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things with Environmental
Sciences perspectives

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand the need for adopting Industry 4.0 tools K2
2 Understand the basics of Artificial Intelligence and associated technologies K2
3 Understand the basics of Big data analytics K2
4 Understand the basics of Internet of Things K2
5 Apply the tools of Industry 4.0 in various disciplines K3
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Industry 4.0 14 - hours

Need – Reason for Adopting Industry 4.0 - Definition – Goals and Design Principles -Technologies of Industry
4.0 – Big Data – Artificial Intelligence (AI) – Industrial Internet of Things - Cyber Security – Cloud –
Augmented Reality.

Unit:2 Artificial Intelligence 14 - hours

Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence (AI) – What & Why? - History of AI -Foundations of
AI -The AI - Environment - Societal Influences of AI – Application Domains and Tools -Associated
Technologies of AI - Future Prospects of AI - Challenges of AI

Unit:3 Big Data and IOT 14 - hours

Big Data : Evolution - Data Evolution - Data : Terminologies - Big Data Definitions - Essential of
Big Data in Industry 4.0 - Big Data Merits and Advantages - Big Data Components : Big Data
Characteristics - Big Data Processing Frameworks - Big Data Applications - Big Data Tools - Big
Data Domain Stack : Big Data in Data Science – Big Data in IoT - Big Data in Machine Learning -
Big Data in Databases - Big Data Use cases: Big Data in Social Causes - Big Data for Industry -Big
Data Roles and Skills -Big Data Roles - Learning Platforms; Internet of Things (IoT) : Introduction
toIoT–ArchitectureofIoT-TechnologiesforIoT-DevelopingIoTApplications-Applicationsof
IoT -Security in IoT

Unit:4 Applications and Tools of Industry 4.0 14 - hours

Applications of IoT – Manufacturing – Healthcare – Education – Aerospace and Defense –
Agriculture–Transportation and Logistics–ImpactofIndustry4.0 on Society: Impact on Business,
Government, People. Tools for Artificial Intelligence, Big Data and Data Analytics, Virtual
Reality, Augmented Reality, IoT, Robotics

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Unit:5 Jobs 2030 14 - hours
Industry 4.0 – Education 4.0 – Curriculum 4.0 – Faculty 4.0 – Skills required for Future - Tools for
Education – Artificial Intelligence Jobs in 2030 – Jobs 2030 - Framework for aligning Education
with Industry 4.0

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars, case studies - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 P. Kaliraj, T. Devi, Higher Education for Industry 4.0 and Transformation to Education 5.0, 2020

Reference Books
1 Data Analytics and Big Data. Soraya Sedkaoui (2018). Wiley Press
2 Big Data: A Very Short Introduction, Dawn E. Holmes (2017). Oxford Press

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 L S S M L L M L L M
CO2 L S S M L L S L L M
CO3 L S S M L L S L L S
CO4 L S S M S S S L S S
CO5 L S S S L L M M L S

*S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

52
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
Course code 24ENVA3EC-2 L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive Core 4 0 0 4
Basic knowledge on environment & industrial Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite process Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are:
1. to define and describe industrial ecology;
2. to demonstrate the relationships among production, consumption, sustainability, and industrial
ecology
3. to show how industrial ecology serves as a framework for consideration of environmental
and sustainability-related aspects of science and technology

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand the philosophy and principles of Industrial ecology. K2
2 Identify the benefits and limitations of tools like materials flow analysis, design for K1 & K2
environment, environmentally extended input-output analysis, and process-based
lifecycle assessment.
3 Identify appropriate tools for measuring environmental impacts of industrial K2
systems.
4 to design solutions for sustainability problems in the industrial system. K3
5 Conduct a comparative environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) in support of a K3
decisions with respect to design, operations, or policy making for products,
products systems, or infrastructure in the industrial system.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Introduction to Industrial Ecology 14 - hours

The anthrosphere and industrial ecology, Industrial metabolism and biological analogies, material and
energy flows and transformations, internalization of materials cycle, system integration and industrial
metabolism, Eco-efficiency

Unit:2 Industrial Ecosystems and Energy Link 14 - hours

Components of the industrial ecosystem, industrial symbiosis, examples of symbiotic industrial
ecosystems, designing and developing symbiotic industrial ecosystem. Industrial Ecology and Energy
Energy considerations in (i) Material Choice (ii) Product manufacture (iii) Product use (iv)
remanufacturing and recycling

53
Unit:3 Tools of Industrial Ecology 14 - hours
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) – Products, Processes and Facilities -Materials and Product Budgets, Design
for Environment, Eco-efficiency, Design for Recycling, Dematerialization and Decarbonization –
Industrial metabolism - IPAT equation.

Unit:4 Status of Resources 14 - hours

Depletion Times, under abundant Resources, Hitchhiker Resources, Energy Resources, Energetically Limited
Mineral Resources, Geographically Influenced Resource Availability, Environmentally Limited Resources,
Cumulative Supply Curves, Water Resources

Unit:5 Industrial Product and Process Design 14 - hours

The Product and Process Challenge, Conceptual Tools for Product Designers, Design of X, Product Design
Teams, The Product Realization Process, The Process Life Cycle, Approach to Process Analysis,
Guidelines for Process Design and Operation, Implications for Corporation

Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 72 - hours

Text Books
1 Graedel, T.E., and Allenby, B.R. 2010. Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Engineering. Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.
2 Industrial Ecology: Environmental Chemistry and Hazardous Wastes, Stanley E Manahan, (1999).
Lewis, New York, USA.

Reference Books
1 Industrial Ecology. T. E. Graedel and B. R. Allenby, (2003). Printice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
2 Edward Cohen-Rosenthal E. and Musnikow J. (edited) (2003) Eco-industrial Strategies, Sheffield, UK:
Greenleaf Publishing
3 Thomas E.G. and Brad R.A., Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Engineering, 3nd edition.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand the role of ecotourism for sustainable development K2
2 Have a basic understanding on the use of business framework to plan K2
and implement sustainable tourism
3 Have detailed knowledge on the Impact of Ecotourism K2
4 Have the knowledge for creating awareness of protecting the environment as well K6
as consider the needs of local people

K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Concepts of 8- hours

Tourism
Classification – Religious Tourism – Cultural Tourism – Heritage Tourism – Monumental Tourism –
Adventure Tourism – Mass Tourism – Sustainable Tourism – Consumptive and Non-Consumptive
Tourism. Principles of Ecotourism – Types of Ecotourism – Concepts of Ecotourism – Origin of
Ecotourism – Objectives of Ecotourism – Benefits of Ecotourism – Trends affecting Ecotourism

Unit:2 Places of Interests of Ecotourism 8 - hours

Ecocircuit of the Western Ghats – Infrastructural Facilities for Ecotourism – Maintenance of
Ecological Centers – Important Biosphere Reserves. Target group of Ecotourism – Ecotourism and
Conservation – Study of different Ecosystem – Rain forest Ecotourism – Mountain Ecotourism –
Polar, Islands and Coasts Ecotourism – Wilderness– Marine Ecosystem- Sanctuaries and National
Parks - TQM of Ecotourism Resorts, Knowledge, skills, attitude and commitment of
ecotourism service providers.

Unit:3 Impact of Ecotourism 8 - hours

Economic Impacts (Fiscal Impacts, Concept and Methods) – Types and Degree of Impacts from
Ecotourism activities – Socio-cultural Impacts – Ecotourism related organization – Ecotourism
Research-Disasters and Ecotourism-Role of ethics in ecotourism-Advantages and Disadvantages of
Ecotourism- Eco-branding and Eco-labeling of Ecotourism Products - Marketing of Ecotourism,
Ecotourism and Sustainable Development - Management Issues in Ecotourism,
Ecotourism‐based/related employment: Scope and areas of employment.

57
Unit:6 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours
Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 26 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, Weaver, D. B. (2001), CABI Publishing, U.K.
2 Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, Volume I, II and III, Sinha, P.C. (2003), Anmol Publications
(P) Ltd., New Delhi.
3 Ecotourism and sustainable Development, Mukherjee, N. (2008), Cybetech Publications,
New Delhi.
4 Global Ecotourism, Chandra, P. (2003), Kaniskha Publishers, New Delhi.
5 Ecotourism, Weaver, D. (2001), John Wiley & Sons, Milton.

Reference Books
1 Ecotourism. An Introduction, David, F. A. (2003), Routledge, London and New York.
2 Ecotourism Impacts, Potentials and Possibilities, Wearing, S. and Neil, J. (2009), 2nd edition,
Butterworth &Heinemann, Amsterdam.
3 Case studies in ecotourism, Buckley, R. (2003), CAB International, Cambridge.
4 Environmental impacts of ecotourism, Buckley, R. (2004), CAB International, Oxfordshire.
5 Facing the wild: ecotourism, conservation, and animal encounters, Bulbeck, C. (2005),
Earth scan, London.
6 Tourism, ecotourism, and protected areas. Ceballos‐Lascurain, H. (1996), Gland: IUCN
7 Ecotourism: Management and Assessment, Diamantis, D. (2004), London: Thomson.
8 Ecotourism: a guide for planners and managers, Lindberg, K. and Hawkins. D.E. (eds).
(1993), The Ecotourism Society, North Benninton.
9 Ecotourism, Page, S.J. and Dowling, R.K. (2002), Prentice Hall, New York.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S L L M M L L L L L
CO2 L L L L L S L L L M
CO3 L S M L M L L M L L
CO4 L S L L L L L L S L
*S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

58
Course Code 24ENVGS53 NATURAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive Supportive 2 0 0 2
Basic knowledge on natural Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite
disasters and their consequences Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. To impart knowledge on the management, disaster preparedness and training and
mitigation strategies during the natural disasters.
2. To acquaint the Students with the concepts, terminologies and developments in the field of
Disaster Management and to inform them about the prospects of a Natural Disaster Manager.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Differentiate the different types of disasters, analyses the causes and their potential K2
impact on the natural and man-made environments.
2 Educate people about the importance of preparedness in vulnerable areas. K3
3 Will know about the various national and international agencies that play a major K4
role in disaster management
4 The knowledge gained will enable the students to volunteer themselves in disaster K5
management programs thus helping affected community.
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 – Create

Unit:1 Natural Disasters 8 - hours

Nature and Extent and Educative – Disasters, Cyclone, Tornadoes, Avalanches, Flood, Drought,
Volcanic, Earthquakes, Fire and Landslides. Forecasting and Warning System: Cyclone Disaster
Education- Cyclone Safety, Earthquake and Avalanche Safety, Flood Safety and Impact on
Environment.

Unit:2 Disaster Management 8 - hours

Pre-disaster Planning-Toning of Disaster – prone areas – prioritization –regulations – protection
measures during disaster - Post disaster. Relief Camp Organization –Survey and Assessment.
DisasterManagementCycle–VulnerabilityAnalysis–Warningsystem–LegalAspects–case studies for
disasters and management, Safety Measures – Disaster Management plans.

Unit:3 Disaster Preparedness and Training 8 - hours

Community Preparedness in Natural Disasters- Roles and responsibilities of different national and
international agencies and government - NGO, Armed forces, Paramilitary forces, Community based
organizations (CBO) - Army Training for Disaster Reduction –Role of team and co-ordination -
Training needs – Target Groups – Local Condition. Mitigation Strategies: Disaster Mitigation –
Training for emergency.

Unit:4 Contemporary Issues 2 – hours

Expert lectures, online seminars – webinars

59
Total Lecture hours 26 - hours
Text Book(s)
1 Natural Disaster, Sharma, R. K. and Sharma, G. (2005), APH Publishing Corporation, New
Delhi
2 Disaster Management: A disaster Manager’s Handbook, Nick, C.W. (1992), Asian
Development Bank, Manila.
3 Earthquake: A Natural Disaster, Ashutosh, G. (1994), Ashok Publishing House. New Delhi
4 Disaster Management approaches and strategies, Singh, T. (2006). Akansha Publishing
House, New Delhi.
5 Towards Basics of Natural Disaster Reduction, Sinha, D.K. (2006), Research Book Centre,
New Delhi.
6 Disaster Planning: The Preservation of Life and Property, Foster, H. D. (1980), Springer
Verlay, New York.
7 Disaster Management, Singh, S. K., Kundu, S. C. and Singh, S. (1998), Mittal Publications,
New Delhi.

Reference Books
1 www.GIS. Development.net
2 www.GIS. Development.net
3 Disaster Management, Prakash, I. (1994), Rashtra Prahari Prakasan, Gaziabad Publishing
House, New Delhi.
4 Natural Disaster Reduction, Misra, G. K. And Mathur, G.C. (1993), Reliance
5 www.iirs.nrsa.org
6 http://quake.usgs.gov

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S S M M M M S S M S
CO2 M S M M S S S M M S
CO3 M M M S S M S S S M
CO4 M M M S M M M M M S
*S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

60
Course Code 24ENVGS03 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION L T P C
ANDAWARENESS
Core/Elective/Supportive Supportive 2 0 0 2
Basic Knowledge on the environmental Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite
issues and its related information Version 2025
Course Objectives:

The main objectives of this course are to:

1. To impart understanding on the environmental education and environmental awareness
2. To undertaking case studies and surveys in the field of environmental Education

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Students will be able to understand the role and importance of Environmental K2
Education for school children.
2 Through obtained the environmental awareness knowledge, students will be able K5
to understand the eco-friendly mitigation efforts to save the sustainable nature for
future generation.
3. Observe values like love for nature, respect for rights of animals, care of plants and
other living beings and protection of the environment. K4
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6– Create

Unit:1 Environmental Education 8- hours

Concept, scope and importance of Environmental Education - Objectives of Environmental Education
at secondary school level. Values and ethics related to environment, Approaches of Environmental
Education, Salient features of environmental awareness through education: programs of
environmentaleducationforsecondaryschoolchildren-Programsofenvironmentaleducationfor attitude
changes among the children.

Unit:2 Environmental Hazards 8 - hours

Causes and effects of environmental hazards, effect of human activities on environment -
environmental pollution - global and local (Soil pollution, water pollution, air pollution, noise
pollution) - Green House effect –Ozone layer depletion –acid rain, pillar melting, rise of sea level and
their implications - Mitigation efforts.

Unit:3 Environmental Awareness 8 - hours

Learning to live in harmony with nature - environmental education for development, conservation of
soil, water, forests, wild life, energy resources, movement to save environment, eco-friendly technology
- Alternate sources of energy – Waste management - Population and environment.

Unit:4 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, online seminars– webinars

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Total Lecture hours 26 - hours
Text Book(s)
1 Environmental Impact Assessment, Canter, E.W. (1977) , McGraw Hill Co., New York.
2 Man and Nature, Fedron, E. (1980), Progress Publishers, Moscow.
3 Concept of Ecology, Kormondy, E. (1991), Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
4 Ecology, Odem, E. P. (1975), Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
5 Environmental Science, Purdom, P.W. and Anderson, S. H. (1983), Charles E. Merril
Publishing Co.

Reference Books
1 Education for the Environmental Concerns, Implications and Practices, Saxena, A.B. (1996),
Radha Publication, New Delhi.
2 Environmental Biology, Sharma, P. D. (1993), Rastogi and Co. Meerut.
3 Environmental Education, Gupta, V. K. (1998), New Academic Publishing House, Mai Hiran
Gate, Jallandhar.
4 The Handbook of Environmental Education, Palmer, J. and Philips, N. (1994), Routledge,
London.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 M M S S M S M S M S
CO2 M S M S M M M M S M
CO3 S S M M S M S S S S

*S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

62
Value Added Courses

63
Course code 24ENVAVA01 AGROFORESTRY L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive Value Added Course-1 2 0 0 2
Syllabus 2024-
Pre-requisite Basic Knowledge on Agroforestry
Version 2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are :
1.To gain insights on the concept of agroforestry as a sustainable land use activity and agroforestry
intervention methods including diagnosis & design methodologies.
2. To impart knowledge on soil and water management in agroforestry including biogeochemical
cycling of nutrients.
3. To impart knowledge on interactions between tree and livestock including their
management, principles of crops and fodder production in agroforestry.
4. To make familiar and grow of trees and shrubs (fruit, fodder and small timber) more suitable for
agroforestry.
5. To educate the role and multiple use of agroforestry system in integrated and sustainable
Agroecosystem

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Understand the need of agroforestry and the involved biophysical processes K1
2 Gain knowledge on the role of agroforestry systems in soil fertility and nutrient K2
cycling
3 Understand the positive and negative tree-crops-soil interactions (for light, water K2
And nutrients).
4 Acquire knowledge about the familiar of environmental conservation and K3
international conventions, in particular the Convention on Climate Change and the
Convention on Biological Diversity, and how they relate to agroforestry systems.
5 Understand the opportunities for employment and cash income through agroforestry K4
systems and also understand how agroforestry innovations can make positive
impact on economy and environment
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Agroforestry and Types 8 - hours

Definition, objectives and principles. Introduction and Agroforestry Research in India, Traditional
Agroforestry system in India, Structural Classification of agroforestry systems: Agrisilviculture,
Silvipastoral, Agrosilvipastoral, Riparian buffer strips, Wind breaks, Shelterbelts, Contour strips,
Fertility plantings, Vegetative lie Hedges/Fences, Importance and benefits of agroforestry in context
of climate change and hazards, carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems, managing
component interaction in agroforestry for higher yield, enhancing adaptive capacity.

Unit:2 Ecosystem Services of Agroforestry 8 -hours

Potential species for edible oil, industrial oil and biofuel sources, agroforestry for soil conservation
and amelioration, water conservation measures of tree based agroforestry systems-pitting system,
earth basins, earthen bunds, staggered trenches /water absorption trench, agroforestry and ecosystem
services, food and nutrition security, agroforestry for fuel wood and fodder production, energy
security and biofuel production, agroforestry based systems of animal production, Role of N 2 fixing
trees in agroforestry, management of problem soil through agroforestry, waste land development

64
through agroforestry, reclamation of mine soils, controlling seepage-canal and water storage,
agroforestry interaction, effective insect and pest control.

Unit:3 Role of Multipurpose Plants to Agroforestry 8 - hours

Nutrient cycling through agroforestry, role of multipurpose trees and shrubs to agroforestry system-
Leucaena leucocephala, Pongamia pinnata, Tamarindus indica, Acacia nilotica, Pithecellobium
dulce, Jatropha curcas, Ziziphus marutinana, Gliricidia sepium, Mangifera indica, Ailanthus excels,
Ceiba pentandra, Moringa oleifera, Prosopis cineraria and grasses. Home garden development
through agroforestry, advantages and disadvantages and future thrust of agroforestry systems,
ecosystem services and environmental benefits-clean air, clean water, pollination/seed dispersal,
flood mitigation, biodiversity mitigation, livelihood security and employment opportunities, National
agroforestry policy.

Unit:4 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, case studies, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 26 - hours

Text Book(s)
1 Agroforestry: Principles and Practices. Dwivedi, A. P. (1992). Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
Promising Agroforestry Tree Speciein India, Chaturvedi, O.P, Handa, A.K, Uthappa, A.R,
2 Sridhar, K.B, Kumar, N, Chavan, S.B. and Rizvi, J. (2017). CAFRI, Jhansi and ICRAF, New
Delhi.
3 A Practical Manual on Agroforestry, Meena, R.N.and Singh, R.(2014). Srijan Samiti
Publishers, Varanasi.
4 An Introduction to Agroforestry, Nair, P. K. R. (1993). Kluwer Academic Publishers, The
Netherlands.
5 Agroforestry Systems in India: Livelihood Security & Ecosystem Services, Dagar, J. C.,
Singh, A. K., Arunachalam, A. (2013), Springer, UK

Reference Books
1 New Vistas in Agroforestry, Nair, P. K. R, Rai, M. R, and Buck, L. E. (2004).,Kluwer
Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
2 Trees and Tree Farming, Thampan, P. K. (1993). Peekay Tree Crops Development
Foundation, Cochin, India.
3 Agroforestry for Soil Management, Young, A. (1997). CAB International, UK.
4 Agroforestry Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change in Rain fed Areas,
Rao, G. R, Prabhakar, M, Venkatesh, G, Srinivas, I. and Reddy, K. S. (2018). ICAR –
CRIDA, Hyderabad, India.
5 Tree Crop Interactions–A Physiological Approach, Ong, C. K. and Huxley, P. K. (1996).
ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya.
6 Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Buck, L. E, Lassoie, P. L, Fernandes, E. C.
M. (1998). CRC Publications, Florida, USA.

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Know about the diversity of microorganisms and their ecological services to K2
mankind
2 Distinguish the types of biofertilizers and biopesticides K2
3 Understand importance and role of different microbes in soil fertility and crop K5
productivity and exploit their potential for sustainable agriculture
4 Synthesize biofertilizers and pesticides on a large Scale K3
5 Design and apply for integrated nutrient management (INM) and integrated pest K4
management (IPM) plan
K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Biofertilizers 8 - hours

Status and scope - General account of the microbes used as biofertilizers Bacteria and Fungi -
advantages over chemical fertilizers. Composted Municipal Solid Waste,Types of Biofertilizers –
Nitrogen fixers – Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Rhizobium, Frankia), free living nitrogen fixation
(Anabaena, Nostoc) Associative nitrogen fixation (Azospirillum, Azotobacter) - Phosphate solubilizers
– Phosphate mobilizers –Biofertilizer for micronutrients (Potash, iron, zinc and sulphur) –Plant Growth
Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs)- Mycorrhizal fungi – Nanofertilizers (urea), Liquid biofertilizers -
Factors influencing the efficacy of biofertilizers.

Unit:2 Biopesticides 8 - hours

Importance, scope and potential of biopesticide - Types of biopesticides –Microbial pesticides
(Bacterial, fungal and viral) – Plant Incorporated Protectants – Biochemical Pesticides-Insect pest
control through biomolecules and traps – Botanical Pesticides – Biotic Agents (parasitoids and
predators)- PGPRs for control of soil borne diseases - Biorationals - Promising plant species for pest
control - Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms for Sustainable Soil Health Management.

Unit:3 Production and Application 8 - hours

Biofertilizers - Mass Production technology: Inoculum production - Strain selection, sterilization,
growth and fermentation, mass production- field application, benefits and advantages. Biofertilizer
development from households waste. Biopesticides - Mass production technology of bio-pesticides.
Virulence, pathogenicity and symptoms of entomopathogenic pathogens and nematodes-Application
technology Biofertilizers and Biopesticides - for seeds, soil and foliage - Storage, shelf life, quality
control and marketing. - Safety testing and Registration – Global Market.

67
Unit:4 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours
Expert lectures, online seminars - webinars

Total Lecture hours 26 - hours

Text Books
1 Botanicals and Biopesticides - B. S. Parmar and C. Devakumar (Eds.), 1993. Westvill
Publishing House, New Delhi.
2 Krishnendu Acharya, Surjit Sen, Manjula Rai, 2019. Biofertilizers and Biopesticides.
Technoworld, Kolkatta
3 Somani, L. L., S. C. Bhandari, K.K. Vyas and S.N. Saxena. 1990. Biofertilizers, Scientific
Publishers - Jodhpur.

Reference Books
1 Biofertilizers and Biopesticides in Sustainable Agriculture. 2019. B. D. Kaushik, Deepak
Kumar, Md. Shamim (Eds.), Apple Academic Press.
2 Subba Rao, N.S., G.S. Venkataraman and S. Kannaiyan, 1993. Biological nitrogen fixation,
ICAR Pub., New Delhi.
3 Green Trends in Insect Control, Oscar Lopez & Jose G. Fernandez-Bolanos, (Eds.), 2011.
Royal Soc. of Chemistry, UK.
4 Handbook of Microbial Biofertilizers. M. K. Rai. (Ed.), 2006. Food Products Press. New
York.
5 Subba Rao, N. S. 1988. Biological nitrogen fixation: recent developments, Mohan Primlani
for Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. (P) Ltd., India

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 M L S S L S S S S S
CO2 S M S S L M S S S S
CO3 S L S S L S S S S S
CO4 S L S S L S M S S S
CO5 S M S S L S S S S S

*S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

68
Job Oriented Courses

69
Course code 24ENVAJO01 ORNAMENTAL FISH FARMING L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive JobOrientedCourse-2 2 0 0 2
Basic knowledge on aquaculture
Pre-requisite Syllabus Version 2024-2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are:
1. To provide hands on training on setting up of aquaria and maintenance
2. To impart hands on training on culture, breeding of commercially important ornamental fishes
3. To equip students for self-employment in the field of ornamental fish farming

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Set aquarium and enables to manage the home as well as commercial aquariums K1
2 Learn to handle different aquarium equipment K2

3 Learn Decorations of aquarium and Breeding of Aquarium Fishes. K2

4 Understand various techniques of ornamental fish breeding, rearing and its marketing to make K3
them self-sustainable to become an entrepreneur.

K1-Remember;K2-Understand;K3-Apply;K4-Analyze;K5-Evaluate;K6-Create

Unit:1 Introduction to Aquaculture and Ornamental fishes trading 8-hours

Introduction to aquarium, ornamental fishes and aquarium accessories- Aerators, filters and lighting.; World
aquarium trade and present status, Design and construction of public fresh water and marine aquaria and
oceanarium; Water quality management in aquarium fishes, Biofilters in aquarium.; World trade of
ornamental fish and export potential. Different varieties of exotic and indigenous fishes. Ornamental
fisheries-a new dimension in aquaculture entrepreneurship.

Unit:2 Fish Breeding and rearing of Ornamental fishes 8-hours

Breeding of ornamental fish with reference to live bearer species- Breeding of Guppies, Mollies,
Swordtail fish and Platy fish ; Introduction hatchery management system for live bearers, Nursery
management of live bearers, Rearing of live bearers; Breeding of ornamental fish with reference to
selected egg layer species., Introduction to Breeding of Angel fish, Zebra fish and Neon tetra;
Introduction hatchery management system for egg layers, • Nursery management of egg layers •
Special emphasis on Breeding of Gold fish

Unit:3 Construction of aquarium and farming - 8-hours

Management Aspects
Setting up of aquarium – under gravel filter, pebbles, plants, drift wood, ornamental objects and selection of
fishes, Quarantine measures; Aquarium maintenance and water quality. Control of snail and algal growth.;
Handling, care and transportation of fish, Temperature acclimation, oxygen packing.

Unit:4 Contemporary Issues 2-hours

Expert lectures, case studies, online seminars-webinars

70
Total Lecture hours 26-hours
Text Book(s)
1 Dick Mills, 1987. Illustrated Guide to Aquarium Fishes. Published by Galley and Price, an
imprint of W.H. Smith and Sons Limited, England.
2 Carcacson, R.H. 1977 A field guide to the Coral Reef Fishes of the Indian and West
Pacific Oceans, HarperCollins Distribution Services, UK.
3 Maurice Melzak. 1984. Marine Aquarium Manual, Chrysalis Books, India.
4 Tekrival, K., Rao, A. A. and Dawes, J. 1999. Ornamental aquarium fishes of India,
Kingdom Books, Havant Publishers, UK.

Reference Books
1 Hawlins, A.D. 1981. Aquarium Systems. Academic Press Inc., USA.

2 Hunnam, P. 1981. Living Aquarium, Grange Books, UK.

3 Rataj, K., Zukal, R and Coxon, D. 1971. Aquarium Fishes and Plants, Littlehampton Book
Services Ltd, UK.

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S S S S M S S S S S
CO2 M M L M S M M M L S
CO3 M M M L M L L M M M
CO4 M M M M M M M M L L

71
Course code 24ENVAJO02 AIR QUALITY MONITORING L T P C
Core/Elective/Supportive Job Oriented Course-2 2 0 0 2
Basic knowledge on Air
Pre-requisite pollutants Syllabus Version 2024-2025
Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. Impart knowledge on the fundamentals of Air pollution
2. Understand on the urban and industry related air quality management
3. Study about the air quality monitoring system in terms of methodologies, standards and policies

Expected Course Outcomes:

On the successful completion of the course, student will be able to:
1 Learn about the assessment of air quality in urban and industrial environment K1
2 Have knowledge on strategies for minimize the emission level and mitigation K2
measures in industry
3 Understand the current national standards and guidelines for air quality assessment K2
4 Have the skill to interpret the Air Pollution Assessment K3

K1 - Remember; K2 - Understand; K3 - Apply; K4 - Analyze; K5 - Evaluate; K6 - Create

Unit:1 Ambient Air Monitoring 8 - hours

Long-term assessment of pollutant levels - Air Quality Index- Air Quality Monitoring System
(AQMS) - wind speed, direction, temperature, other meteorological parameters, concentration of air
pollutants - SO2, NOx, CO, O3 and Particulate (PM10, PM 2.5 and PM1) level. WHO and national
ambient air quality standards – Indian standard, National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), Continuous
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (CAAQM).

Unit:2 Urban Air Pollution 8 - hours

Assess the extent of pollution - real time monitoring- providing air pollution data to the general
public-implementationofairqualitygoalsorstandards-effectivenessofurbanemissionscontrolstrategies
- evaluation of air quality models - air pollution health risk assessment (AP-HRA) - socioeconomic,
environmental, and policy circumstances. Case study – traffic emissions.

Unit:3 Industrial Air Pollution 8 - hours

Planning for Air Quality, Risk Assessment and Pollution Control- Air Quality Standards and
Emission Regulation - Statistical Tools for Air Pollution Assessment. Air pollution from small scale
industry – case study of textile and food processing industry. Assessment in large scale industry –
case study of fertilizer, petroleum and thermal power station.

Unit:4 Contemporary Issues 2 - hours

Expert lectures, case studies, online seminars - webinars

72
Total Lecture hours 26 - hours
Text Books
1 Vallero, D. Fundamentals of Air Pollution, 5th Edition. 2014. Academic Press.
2 Sharma, N., Agarwal, A.K., Eastwood, P., Gupta, T., Singh, A. P. Air Pollution and
Control, I ,st Edition. 2018. Springer
3 Sportisse, B. Fundamentals in Air Pollution: From Processes to Modeling. 1st Edition. 2010.
Springer
4 Charlesworth, S.M. and Booth, C.A. Urban Pollution: Science and Management. 2018. John
Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Reference Books
1 Venkatram, A. and Schulte, N. Urban Transportation and Air Pollution, 1st Edition.
2018. Elsevier
2 Lazaridis, M. First Principles of Meteorology and Air Pollution, 1st Edition. 2011.
Springer

Mapping with Programme Outcomes

COs/POs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10
CO1 S S S S M S S S S S
CO2 M M L M S M M M L S
CO3 M M M L M L L M M M
CO4 M M M M M M M M L L
*S-Strong; M-Medium; L-Low

73
Annexure

74
PRACTICAL - I: 24ENVA13P1

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, INSTRUMENTAL METHODS

OF ANALYSIS, DATA ANALYTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS,
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

A. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRYAND INSTRUMENTAL

METHODS OF ANALYSIS

1. Determination of pH
2. Determination of conductivity
3. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen content
4. Determination of chlorides
5. Estimation of Total Hardness
6. Estimation Acidity and Alkalinity
7. Physical, Chemical and Biological properties of soil: Collection,
particle size analysis (silt and clay), Soil profile, water holding capacity,
density, porosity, NPK, TOC.
8.Spectrophotometric Methods of Estimation: Nitrate, Phosphate.
9.Flame photometric analysis of Na, K, and Ca.
10.Determinations of TKN.
11.Estimation of sulphate by turbidimetry
12.HPLC determination of pharmaceuticals
13.Heavy metal analysis by ICP-MS

B. DATA ANALYTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS

1. Collection of Data: Primary data – Secondary data – Classification

and Tabulation – Diagrammatic Representation
2. Data Analysis using software: SPSS and Excel stat: Editing, Data Tabulation,
3. Analysis: Descriptive statistics – Correlation – Regression – Factor analysis – Cluster
analysis – Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Graph Plotting - One way ANOVA
– Two way ANOVA
4. Environmental chemicals related databases and uses.
5. Data analytics using R – Installing R and R Studio- Understanding R Features –
Importing and Exporting Files – Plots and Visualization – Case Study using R

75
C. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. Different types of media preparation-liquid/solid media.

2. Enumeration of microbes from water/soil sample.
3. Pure culture – Different streaking techniques.
4. Staining techniques-Simple / Gram staining for bacteria.
5. Membrane filter technique.
6. Bacteriological analysis of wastewater – Most Probable Number (MPN) method.
7. Screening and isolation of bio surfactant producers from soil sample.
8. Screening and isolation of industrially important enzyme producers
(lipase/protease) from soil sample.
9. Industrially important enzyme (lipase/protease) production using waste substrate
by bacteria.
10. Isolation of genomic DNA from plant sample
11. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria.
12. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from bacteria.
13. Agarose gel electrophoresis.
14. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique.
15. Bacterial Transformation.

76
PRACTICAL - II: 24ENVA23P1
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

A. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
1. Determination of Chemical oxygen demand
2. Determination of Biological oxygen demand
3. Sampling and analysis of SO2, CO2, NOX,PM
4. Analysis of TS, TDS, TSS
5. Measurement of noise level
6. Analysis of heavy metals in soil and water
7. Analysis of pesticide content in soil and water samples

B. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

1. Dose-Response relationship
2. LC 50 and LD 50
3. Mutagenic assay
4. Airborne pollutants collection and Cytotoxicity assays
5. Airborne pollutants collection and Genotoxicity assays
6. UV radiation exposure DNA damage assay
7. Embryonic toxicity assessment
8. Pollutant risk assessment
9. Tissue function markers
10. Computational toxicity prediction
11. Animal handling and experimentation

C.BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

1. Plankton community study: Phytoplankton and Zooplankton: Species identification -
Diversity – density – abundance – distribution– Primary productivity
2. Aquatic insect community study: Species identification - Diversity – density –
abundance – distribution
3. Fish community study: Species identification - Diversity – density – abundance
– distribution
4. Amphibians community study: Species identification - Diversity – density –
abundance – distribution
5. Reptiles community study: Species identification - Diversity – density – abundance –
distribution
6. Bird community study: Species identification - Diversity – density – abundance
– distribution

77
7. Mammals community study: Species identification - Diversity – density – abundance
– distribution
8. Vegetation studies: Line, quadrates and belt transect methods– Species
identification - Diversity – density – abundance –distribution
9. Grassland community study: Species identification - Diversity – density – abundance
– distribution
10. Taxonomic identification of plants and animals using morphological
and molecular techniques.

78
PRACTICAL - III: 24ENVA33P1

A. WASTE MANAGEMENT AND BIOREMEDIATION

1. Studying the effect of temperature/pH/salinity on microbial growth.

2. Isolation of Metal resistant Bacteria and effect of heavy metals on microbial growth
3. Assessment of Microbe and Heavy metal interaction (Cr reduction metal
biosorption etc.)
4. Isolation and characterization of hydrocarbon tolerating/degrading microbes
from polluted environment
5. Isolation and characterization of dye degrading microbes from polluted environments.
6. Assessment of P solubilisation/ ammonification potential of microbes
7. Assessment of the effects of pollutants on soil enzyme activity
8. Production of biogas from different organic waste materials
9. Exercises on estimation, composition and segregation of solid waste

B. REMOTE SENSING & GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

1. Importing Aerial/ Satellite image in ERDAS

2. Georeferencing and Image/Map Projection in ERDAS
3. Supervised and Unsupervised classification
4. Map reading (survey of India Toposheet)
5. Marginal Information and Extra Marginal Information
6. Relief and Cultural Features
7. Importing Aerial/Satellite Imagery and Scanned Raster Image
8. Georeferencing and Co-Ordinate System
9. Map Projection (Type of Map Projection)
10. Digitization and Editing
11. Topology Creation
12. Proximity Analysis (Buffer, Distance Measures)
13. Interpolation Analysis (Kriging, IdwEtc)
14. Density Analysis (Point, Line Etc.)
15. Surface analysis: Tin Creation – Aspect – Slope - Hill Shade - View Shed - Cut and Till

C. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

1. Jar test Experiment- Optimization of coagulant and dose

2. Determination of residual chlorine
3. Demonstration of adsorption process using activated carbon
4. Determination of percentage of available chlorine in a disinfectant

79
5. Designing and calculation of Sedimentation tank
6. Designing and calculation of Aeration tank
7. Designing and calculation of Activated Sludge Process
8. Designing and calculation of Trickling Filter
9. Designing and calculation of Disinfection process
10. Designing and calculation of Electrostatic precipitator

80
M. Sc. Environmental Sciences

Syllabus
(With effect from 2024-2025)

Program Code: ENVA

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Bharathiar University
(A State University, Accredited with “A” Grade by
NAAC and 13th Rank among Indian Universities by
MHRD-NIRF)
Coimbatore 641 046, INDIA

81
QUESTION PAPER PATTERN (2024-25)
CORE & ELECTIVE PAPERS

PRACTICAL COMPONENTS MAXIMUM MARKS - 100

INTERNAL MARKS: 40
Major Practical 20 Marks
Minor Practical 10 Marks
Spotters (A, B, C, D and E) 5  2 = 10 Marks
Total 40Marks

EXTERNAL MARKS: 60
Major/Minor Practical 40 Marks
Spotters (A,B,C,D and E) 5  2 = 10 Marks
Record 5 Marks
Viva-Voce 5 Marks
Total 60Marks

THEORY COMPONENTS;
CORE & ELECTIVE PAPERS –MAXIMUM MARKS-100

INTERNAL MARKS: 25
Test 15 Marks
Assignment 5 Marks
Seminar 5 Marks

EXTERNAL MARKS: 75
Question paper pattern
Time: 3.00 Hrs.
Max. Marks: 75
Section A (10  1 = 10)
Answer all the questions
Each question carries one mark
Choose the correct answer
Q. No.1- Q No. 10 - Objective questions with four multiple
choices

Section B (5  5 = 25)
Answer all the questions
Each question carries five marks
Q. No. 11 - Q. No. 15-Questions with internal choices (either (a) or (b) type)

Section-C (5  8 = 40)
Answer all the questions
Each question carries eight marks
Q- No. 15 - Q. No. 20-Questions with internal choices (either (a) or (b) type)

82
NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE (SUPPORTIVE), ADD-ON COURSE AND JOB ORIENTED COURSE PAPERS-
MAXIMUM MARKS - 50

INTERNAL MARKS: 12
Test 6 Marks
Assignment 3 Marks
Seminar 3 Marks

EXTERNAL MARKS: 38

Section-A (5  1 = 5) Time: 2.00 Hrs

Answer all questions Max. Marks: 38
Each question carries one mark
Q. No.1- Q No. 5 - Objective questions with four multiple choices

Section B (5  3 =
15) Answer all the
questions
Each question carries three marks
Q. No. 6 - Q. No. 10-Questions with internal choices (either (a) or (b) type)

Section-C (3  6 = 18)
Answer all the questions
Each question carries six marks
Q. No. 6-11 - Q. No. 13-Questions with internal choices (either (a) or (b) type)

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Wa0003.
15 pages
EF Series Air Conditioner: User Manual
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EF Series Air Conditioner: User Manual
16 pages