U Vote Insights From The College Experience Survey and Pinoy Voter's Vibe - Your Edition Survey - FEU Public Policy Center
U Vote Insights From The College Experience Survey and Pinoy Voter's Vibe - Your Edition Survey - FEU Public Policy Center
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Almost 30% of students spend more than 20 hours a week checking social
media platforms. Despite heavy exposure to social media, there is no
evidence linking time spent on social media with voter registration. This
raises the need to study the role that social media can play on voter
registration further. Given the ongoing public health crisis, many voter
registration efforts have been utilizing social media platforms.
Based on student responses, there are several issues that students cannot
decide on:
Public Services – Students are undecided on state ownership of major
public services and industries. This is an important issue that tackles
the government’s responsibility to provide goods and services to the
public. Students can be encouraged to think about this issue by
introducing them to three simple questions: Between governments and
the private sector, who should provide public services? Should
services be paid for by the government (through taxes) or should they
be paid for out of private individuals’ pockets? Lastly, should the
government regulate private sector provision?
Economic growth and the Environment – Students are also undecided
on the harmful impact of economic growth on the environment. Moving
forward, today’s youth will have to contend with seemingly competing
objectives of economic growth and environmental protection.
Economic growth is necessary for the provision of goods and
services that increase our quality of life. Meanwhile, environmental
protection affects our quality of life through environmental quality and
climate change.
Other topics that students have difficulty taking a stand for it deals with
justice, democracy, and personal values, are obedience to authorities,
premarital sex, death penalty, and economic growth over civil rights
and political freedoms.
The study found that supporters of President Duterte have a lower capacity
for spotting both real news and fake news. On the other hand, supporters of
Vice President Robredo have a higher capacity of spotting both real news and
fake news.
The observations regarding supporters of the President have also observed
similarities among supporters of the US Republican party. According to Dr.
Deinla, the results may have been due to the type of content they are exposed to
in their social media feeds.
Using data from Round 2 of the PVV, the study found that a high likelihood to
vote is correlated with high accuracy in identifying real news.
Respondents who answered that they will vote are 43% more likely to detect real
news items. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between the
likelihood of voting and the likelihood of detecting fake news.
The average score in the fake news quiz of those who will vote is 7.0 while those
who will not vote is 6.3 out of 10. The results imply that voters will more actively
seek a variety of information and are more likely to seek real news, as it
stimulates political awareness and engagement.
The study also explored trust in media sources as it decreases the odds of
identifying real and fake news by 3% and 14%; higher trust in mainstream media
is correlated with higher accuracy in identifying official real and exaggerated
fake news.
Other studies have shown that trust in mainstream media lessens the likelihood
of engaging in conspiratorial thinking. Meanwhile, the results also revealed that
higher trust in Facebook as a source of information is correlated with lower
accuracy in identifying real and fake news.
Dr. Deinla concluded the presentation by noting that fake news is endemic in the
Philippines and that many students have difficulty in identifying fake and real
news. The youth are immersed in a culture of fake news and efforts at the
individual and societal level are needed to combat the proliferation of fake news.
Dr. Deinla invited the participants to the upcoming Round 3 of PVV this coming
February-March 2022, and “What the Fake?! Fake News Challenge ng Bayan”
fake news diagnostic tool through inclusivedemocracy.ph/fakenewschallenge.
D. Panel Reactions
1.) Mr. Rigel Alvaran
4th Year AB Political Science Student
Far Eastern University
Proponent of TAMang Boto
Mr. Alvaran started off with an
overview of TAMang Boto, a
student-led initiative that started
in his organization, the FEU
Political Science Organization.
Since then, TAMang Boto has
aimed at encouraging the
Tamaraw community to
register and vote wisely in the
upcoming elections.
The first phase of the initiative’s
three phases, focused on getting
the Senior High School and
College students from the FEU
Group of Schools to register so
they can participate in the
elections as a major exercise
of their democratic and
political rights.
It also included a series of
webinars on the technical and
civic aspects of the elections for
first-time voters, as well as
social and political issues that
candidates should prioritize
to address.
As Mr. Muyot shared in his presentation, joining and organizing discussions
about elections and the social and political realities that the next set of officials
will have to address can be a ‘game changer’, as it can inspire the youth to
influence peers to register and select their candidates according to correct and
credible information through social media and actual conversations, and
collectively ensure that candidates who will work on the protection of
democratic institutions and the improvement of Filipino lives will win.
The last activity under the TAMang Boto Initiative was Pulso ng Tamaraws (The
Tamaraws’ Pulse). This was a roundtable discussion that gathered FEU student
leaders representing various advocacies to openly discuss the youth’s
perceptions on the upcoming 2022 Elections.
So far, the TAMang Boto campaign has been largely conducted on social media
to take advantage of the youth’s online presence and, as mentioned and to be
mentioned by the presenters and panelists, the scale of social media’s influence
in the youth’s attitudes towards candidates and voting per se.
The Phase 2 of TAMang Boto will commence after the filing of candidacy ends. It
will focus on empowering their fellow youth to become “wise voters” in 2022.
This phase aims to make the youth change the current state of affairs with their
vote, and, in order to do so, be more cognizant of the realities that increase the
stakes in the upcoming elections—from the damage inflicted in democratic
institutions, to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic which is seen to continue
impacting lives and livelihood—and make these their guideposts in casting
their ballots.
Phase 3 of TAMang Boto focuses on accountability aspect of governance and
politics. It aims to break from the tendency of ending voter education after
elections. It aims to make voter education a cycle that starts from voter
registration and continues with the tracking of the winning candidates’ policy
action vis-à-vis their promises, and well into the next election cycle.
Mr. Alvaran concluded by sharing that the TAMang Boto team is exploring
partnerships with like-minded groups to carry out their campaign more
effectively, especially as they enter the second phase. He said youth
engagement is very crucial as their vote, if decided wisely, can save millions of
lives and change the society we live in.
2.) Mr. Glenn Concepcion
Academic Services Coordinator
Far Eastern University
Office of Student of Student Development
Mr. Concepcion highlighted the data from PVV on the impact of the youth vote in
the 2022 National Elections. With 4,000,000 new voters aged 18-21, the youth
now comprise half of the registered voters and hence, can be a powerful
political force to influence election outcomes.
He emphasized the importance of election in a democracy. It enables the nation
to select the next leaders of the country that requires responsibility and
accountability. The election is an opportunity to dismiss corrupt officials and
place deserving leaders who can change the course of the country.
Academic institutions must provide students with learning opportunities to
develop political awareness and voting behavior. An environment must be
created where students can freely express their civil engagement by supporting
programs discussing social, political, and economic issues. Correspondingly,
FEU’s Office of Student Development supports participatory leadership all year
round; developing proactive student leaders who volunteer to act on issues
regarding the society and leading the community towards nation-building.
Projects like advocacy concerts, talks, competitions, leadership training, and
open forums competitions organized by FEU students are made to influence
votes and inspire civic engagement.
Mr. Concepcion emphasized that while being an educated voter is easier with
today’s age, when information is conveniently available through the internet, the
irony lies in the rampancy of malicious lies that usually takes the form of
legitimate online information sources. Hence, the youth should develop and
strengthen their discernment. Academic institutions can help by teaching
students to evaluate information presented to them and striving to learn more
about fact-checking through webinars or course activities. Additionally,
institutions can provide and recommend credible sources to instill a culture of
verification and discernment among students as they write their academic
papers. These initiatives can help students become honest, responsible, and
discerning consumers of information, both as students and voters.
Mr. Concepcion believes that voter education projects that underscore social
and political issues will help students in forming their stance and making
better decisions.
3.) Ms. Natalie Christine “Ching” B. Jorge
Chief of Party
Youth Leadership for Democracy (YOUTHLED)
Ms. Jorge introduced YOUTHLED, a program focusing on youth leadership,
youth coalitions, and civic education. With 11 regional hubs nationwide,
YOUTHLED conducts various activities for the youth and their engagement
including voter registration and education campaigns. It has also built coalitions
for youth engagement, such as Kabilang Ka sa 2022 Coalition (You Matter In
2022), with 850 youth organizations of late.
Since the pandemic, the Internet has become the main platform for social and
political engagement. YOUTHLED believes young people have a greater
propensity to initiate change and join social movements as a means of belonging
and take risks compared to older generations. They also have wide social
networks that can be mobilized to generate or execute new ideas.
However, not all youth are accorded with support structures to share their voice
responsibly. Thus, YOUTHLED is working to provide capacity building platforms
for the youth towards more effective engagement in democratic affairs.
Similar to parts of the FPPC’s College Experience Survey and the Youth Edition
of the Ateneo Policy Center’s Pinoy Voters Vibe, the YOUTHLED nationwide
survey, conducted in partnership with the Social Weather Stations (SWS) and
with 4900 participants representing all social classes, provides a deeper dive on
the youth’s use of and attitudes towards social media as a means for democratic
participation. Survey participants were presented with 16 different individual and
collective political actions, and were asked whether they have done, have not
done or might do in the future the said actions.
The survey also examined the degree of the youth’s agreement with and
knowledge of their civil rights and responsibilities.
Majority of the youth agreed to statements concerning their rights and
responsibilities as citizens. On the other hand, it provides guidance on areas to
focus on in terms of governance and accountability; especially with
communicating and engaging with government leaders.
These insights will form part of YOUTHLED’s civic education modules. The
modules will start as early as Senior High School, where students will be eligible
for voting in May 2022.
YOUTHLED also wants to ensure that voters’ education must not only be
implemented before the election but carried out as part of the curriculum. This is
something they are working on with civil society organizations, and the
Department of Education.
The survey also tackled who influences the youth voting decisions. The results
highlight that the youth’s voter preferences are most likely influenced by family,
at 54 percent. Political experts are a far second, at 29 percent; followed by
the president (24%) traditional media (19%), community leaders (19%), and
peers (18%).
Majority of the youth also look to their families for stance on political issues (at
59%) and for guidance on their support to government policies (at 57%). The
figures above can serve as a guide for implementers of civic education initiatives
to look at designing their efforts not only for individuals but also families as a
political unit. Family- or community-based voter education efforts can also
provide opportunities for the youth to have a voice and become political
influencers in their family and community.
The youth get their information about electoral candidates mostly from television
news coverage, at 45 percent. Word of mouth follows closely, at 44 percent.
Social media ranks as the third go-to platform for information on who to vote.
Participants were also asked about the frequency of which they verify the news
they get on traditional and social media. The numbers are alarming given how
rampant disinformation is—only 22% and 27% of them always verify; 51% and
44% sometimes or never verify. YOUTHLED is currently taking steps such as
capacity building to instill the habit of verification among the youth.
Lastly, Ms. Jorge presented what a week in the life of a Filipino youth looks like,
especially under the pandemic. Mostly at home, the youth are most likely
engaged in household chores, browsing social media (aligned with the findings
of the CES on social media usage), or talking to family. This again provides
guidance on the possible entry points for youth engagement.
Ms Jorge summarized her presentation with the following a few takeaways:
Young Filipinos are more inclined toward individual civic political actions
online and on issue-based collective action.
Youth engagement is more personalized and is reflective of one’s personal
interest and self-expression; there is less interest in politics and more on
social issues and social change.
Youth and student organizations are still the top group that young
people participate in, which makes them a promising main entry point
for engagement.
The youth turn to their families for political and civic decisions. This
dynamic can be maximized as having the potential to empower the youth
and make them political influencers in their families and communities.
The upcoming 2022 elections provides an opportunity to activate, organize,
educate and encourage participation through dialogues, debates, and other
civic education initiatives, in which YOUTHLED takes an active role.
E. Open Forum
1.) All the panelists spoke about how fake news is rampant in the
Philippines. How can educators and schools be avenues to combat mis-
and disinformation?
Ms. Jorge: Academic institutions are the first line of defense in fighting
fake news. Teachers have a big role to play in guiding students in analyzing
and creating a habit of verifying news and information they see online
before sharing.
YOUTHLED has videos and modules that teachers can use to impart practical
actions on how to differentiate facts from disinformation. Ms Jorge committed to
share these resources to teachers and other forum participants.
Mr. Alvaran: From the perspective of students, one thing they have learned from
being immersed online is to fact check even in academic matters. He believes
that he and fellow members of student organizations is to also fact-check posts
before sharing via their organizations’ social media pages.
Going beyond this, and especially with the 2022 Elections underway, the youth
should also engage in actual, personal discussions with their friends and right at
their homes, keeping in mind to emphasize facts and to be also strategic in
present facts—particularly, ensure facts are shared simply and comprehensibly
to avoid confusion and aversion (i.e., the feeling that they are being attacked
when shared with facts).
Dr. Deinla: It is important for fellow educators to remind students about fake
news and the risks it pose to civic spaces and democracy in general. Schools
should be the first in line in terms of combatting disinformation. This requires
that educators equip themselves with the tools and attributes (e.g. discernment)
to lead students to critically think about facts they are consuming.
She appreciates efforts by FEU and the Ateneo for the conscious effort of their
respective leaderships to address how fake news can undermine democracy.
Institutional support is very important; collaborations such as PVV, and coalition
building among academic institutions will even further facilitate what needs
doing to combat disinformation.
As a rejoinder, Ms. Alqueser emphasized the need for training and discussions
for educators in grade school and high school—especially considering how
disinformation featured in modules for blended learning.
2.) How will we modify our voter education modules for the out-of-school
youth—some of whom may have little access to voter education initiatives by
academic institutions or student organizations?
Mr. Alvaran: One thing the Tamang Boto team has factored in when designing
Tamang Boto was the medium to which their messages will be shared, especially
as the pandemic forced the schools and students to conduct academic and
extra-curricular activities online. The challenge is, indeed, on how the reach
of their voter education and engagement efforts can expand even outside of
the university.
One thing the team encourage their webinar participants is to do is to engage
outside of these webinars by having casual conversations with friends and
family or sharing on social media videos and other materials that demonstrate
how fact-checking works.
In its future phases, TAMang Boto is considering the inclusion of out-of-school
youth (OSY), as well as fellow FEU students who have not yet enrolled due to
challenges owing to the pandemic.
Ms. Jorge: In terms of accessibility of voter education efforts, majority of
Filipinos unfortunately still don’t have opportunities to attain voter education,
more especially online initiatives.
The challenge is how to reach out to grassroots communities who have little or
no access to Internet. YOUTHLED is trying to close this gap by their work with
bigger institutions, such as the Department of Education, to develop modules for
OSYs enrolled in its Alternative Learning System.
YOUTHLED’s network of community partners, NGOs, and small civil society
groups also help in spreading messages around voters’ education and civic
participation not only among the youth, but also, to Filipinos with little or no
access to forums and materials on disinformation.
3.) (On the weaving of revisionist narratives into educational resources):
Unfortunately, Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies) teachers are (intentionally
or unwittingly) feeding fake information to students. What suggestions can
you offer on how to deal with teachers who are practicing revisionist culture?
Dr. Deinla: Evidence points to the existence of revisionist narratives in
educational materials. This reality is basically the reason why the leadership of
the Department of Education should get onboard in countering fake news.
Educational materials should be screened and checked for inconsistencies with
historical facts.
DepEd should also acknowledge the scale of this concern, as demonstrated by
the fact that some teachers themselves have been engaged in spreading
historical distortion.
Given these challenges, the youth should step up by, among others, exercising
critical thinking; do not be afraid to engage with teachers and question the
source and veracity of their information, as much as teachers require them to
cite their sources. It’s high time for students to be more assertive in this
environment of fake news. They are after all, on equal footing in terms of the
right to access credible information and make an informed opinion out of it.
4.) How do we best explain the difference between facts and opinions?
Dr. Deinla: Facts are units of information that answer the question of what, when,
where, who, and how; and have no other interpretation than itself—one’s date of
birth, for example. Opinions are an interpretation of, or a perspective on a fact or
a facet of reality—e.g., that people in democratic societies still fare better than
those under authoritarian regimes.
While it is not bad to have an opinion, it should be backed by facts and
presented without any intent to distort or manipulate facts.
F. Closing Remarks by Ms. Julia Abad
Executive Director, FEU Policy Center
Ms. Abad closed the forum by underscoring the main vision for the UVote Forum
—that is, to complement widespread voter education efforts among youth
groups, advocates, and fellow academic institutions by providing them with
information and insights on the characteristics and inclinations of young people
especially towards elections and democracy, and, as a result, help in the
enhancement of their ongoing voters’ education efforts.
She bestowed gratitude to the presenters and panelists from the academe and
the youth sector for the inspired discussion. The facts and insights they shared
proved that contrary to the perceived apathy of the youth, they are quite active
and predisposed to advocating for and seeking change.
The challenge in the coming days lies in creating an enabling environment for
the youth to better discern the different sources of information presented to
them, especially those that will inform decisions that can make or break
democratic institutions; and to be inspired to enhance their critical thinking skills
and commit to deliberative action.
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