Analyze Images This

artwork depicts the

that helped
typhoon a
had them the Japanese
defeat
the shoqun
This time,
Mongoland
almost Chinese
tribute. again, with
to Japan to emand Kublai Khan tried two invasion. ldentify
afiials
In 1281, for nearly Why
bohegded
on the beach. held off the
invaders Supporting
Details
call this
Japanese
The samurai did the
140.000
soldiers.
aviolent kamikaze?

help. A
typhoon, typhoon
for and
months.
gods,the kami, of Mongol
to their Thousands
prayed the sea. Japanese
The Japanese
roaring across on shore, wheresentthe
storm, came More were stranded
kami had
tropical
drOwned. that the or the
mee KAH
believed zay),
soldiers
Chinese
them. The Japaneseit kamikaze (kah
killed
warriors They called
to save
them.
tphoon kamikaze
is the
of thegods." Why
"wind Details
Supporting
CHECK
ldentify
YREADING
With
weak
remembered? to Japan. of
peace Hundreds
bring
Reunification did not themselves.
Japan's threat among Vocabulary
Mongol tofight was
Academic
ine end
ofthe Japan adv.,
again
continued unified again. 1500s, constantly
the clans was and power.
the 1400s land and
again
Oguns, Japan and
before for
JUSpassed During fought Warring States."
Emerge of the
the
Leaders who constantly"Era toend bring
Strong
the to
by daimyo managed his life
(ontrolled period leaders all but he
violent
Historians call this worked succeed,
ambitious not fully
three Nobunaga,
did He
inally, in the 1500s, Oda 1590.
The first, in
warfare.
Nobunaga Japan When
onstant
s word" unified tohim,
apan "under asingle warlords. loyalty 527
of the Hideyoshi,
teduced I the power pledged Feudalism
Toyotonidaimyo more. Japanese
Thesecond great leader, the once 12,5

peace
only becausetooquarrel
Lesson
hieved
began
died,
clans
Hideyoshi
 Personal honor was
INTERACTVE also important.Ridingg
shouted out his name and family. He into
ageand skill. A samurai was also careful ,a wanted. battle,

FeudalSocietyin everyone sormut

abouthis to
Japan robe, his armor, and even his horse see
reflected
his appeatance
Comparing European and Japanese pride.
Feudalis
European and Japanese feudalism shared
during a time of violence and warfare.
some
Both features,
land for services. Both knights and involved an
samurai
codes conductthat emphasized honor,
of were
eEKshong
expected
bravery, to fo
The two forms of feudalism had a and
major loyalty.
difference:
Europeans were Christian. Japanese
feudalism was religion.
from Buddhism, Shinto, and Confucianism. Mos
influencedby

VREADINGCHECK Compare and Contrast

feudalism Compare the
in medieval Europe and Japan.
systets

Mongols Threaten Japan

Mongols took over China inthe 1200s. Their ruler,
Kublaí
officials toJapan to demand tribute. They said that Khon,
set
there
Japan did not pay for the Khan's friendship.
war if wold be
The
government sent the officials away. shogun's

In November1274,the Khan sent hundredssof ships

across thesea.
carried morethan 25,000troops, along with horses and The
Analyze Diagrams
weapors.
Japanese and European wasthe first experience Japanese warriors hadvwith
gunpowderweagn
feudalismn had similar Yet the samuraifought bravely and held off the invaders'firsto
structures. Infer Which
The invaders
group shownon the
returned to their ships. That night, a fierce storm h
diagram had the most
tered the ships. Nearly 13,000 men drowned. Kublai Khan set
people for both societies?

EMPEROR SHOGUN DAIMYO SAMURAI

PEASASN

looked on by the a military leader powerful military oet

Japanese as a god with absolute power landowners nobility

COMPARING
JAPANESE
AND
EUROPEAN
FEUDALISM

uet
military
considered God's monarchs powertul
nobility
ruler on Earth pecific count landowners

PEASAID
THE POPE RECIONALKINGS THE NOBILITY KNIGHTS

526 Lesson 12.5 Japanese Feudalism

 inJapanthe beginning of military rule by
marked
Feudalism
's rule The central government became
fighters.
their
Mnamoto lawless and violent under theshoguns.
lordsaand often
Axal was much land andfoughtfor power. The
Lile
eIk. owned
nobles of social, political, and economic relation-
set
Local
was sa new r as feudalism.
sult together
known
and Peasants Feudalism was a
Samurai,
landowners granted people land
Daimyo, in which
Isystem in exchange for militaryservice or labor.
soXials

and peasants served one another's

rewards
ar other warriors,
spelled out relationships among those
Landowners,
This system
needs.
classes
ofpeople.
Aiferent
feudal system, people had
clearly defined

Inthe
Japanese people had become the respon-
1400s, protecting
Bythe
roles.
da (DY myoh), or local land-owning lords.
ofdaimyo
sibility
relied on peasants to work the land. In exchange
daimyo them.
Each
he promised to protect
roshare of the crop,
had la large wooden castle, surrounded
by

daimyo usually The daimyo

The
It offered some safety from attack.

of samurai
wall.
througha smallarmy
astrong
dko provided protection
In Japanese, samurai
sAM uh ry), or highly trained warriors.
military ser
meons "those who serve." In exchange for their
paid his samurai
a salary.
rice, the daimyo
guided samurai.One
The Code of Bushido Two values
These
Was loyalty to one's lord.
The other was personal honor.
bushido (BOO shee
formed the heart
of a set of rules called
This strict code of conduct
doh)-"the way of the warrior."
behavior. It became
an official code in the
quided samurai

Japan into the 1900s.

Analyze Images S
1600s and influenced warriors wore armom
trained hard, fought
The code of bushido governed a samurai'slife. He Compare and
this.
and
with honor. "Aman
born a samurai should live Comparethis armom
travely, and died
advised. images you have se
die sword in hand," one warrior
medieval knights in
lord was more important
Under the code of bushido, loyalty to one's
samurai's lord
to family, religion,
or even the emperor. Ifa
tanloyalty
even if it meant certain death.
In danger, he would follow the lord,
HUS
whoselord
Anoldstory relates a Conversation betweentwo samurai
the first

slosing a battle, "The general is surrounded by rebels,"

get away." The second
samurai
reported., "It is hard to see how he can

Stmurai
replied:

Primary
Source
"fhe must die, his fate and go
Iintendd to share
with
hirmt the underworld."
-from
Tale Craig McCllaugh
N Mutsu, translated by Helen
of
Lesson 12.5
• Japanese Feudal
 Then they turned against each other. Over
longyears
moved between the Taira and Minamoto clans ot
reached Kyoto. In 1159, Minamoto forces
stormed vlolence
burnedthe emperor's palace and killed many
entered a long period of warfare and
court
nto
the
cogt
The

suffering. A
wox,
pa
e
poet
sadnessthis way:
expred

Primary Source

"Allhung about with cloud,

The distant mountain meadows
Are in autumn and
All I do recal

Is sadness."

-Saigyo, translated by Thonas McAuley

The First Shogun In 1185, Minamoto warriors sdefeated

Tain
in a final clash at sea. As a result, Minamoto Yoritomo
(yohree08
moh) became the most powerful person in Japan.

Minamoto received the title of shogun (SHOH gun),or supren

Analyze Images A scroll commander. The position was supposed to be
military
temporary.
from the 1200s shows Minamoto wanted to keep the title permanently.In theory, Mine
be

Minamoto forces attacking

servedas advisor to the emperor. In reality, he ruled Japan Shee
the capital. Use Visual
held true power in Japan for hundreds of years.
Information Based on

the details in the picture,

VREADING CHECK Identify Supporting Details What effec öb
how well-equipped do you
think the Minamotowere between rival clans have on Japan?
for battle?
 haVe Bbdtofeed Ug
Brian
thedogsfood.
all
Explain.
days? 20.5
rates to find
1 Use
unit

7days.
how much in2ounces
days
22.5 ounces
STEP
eats in
each dog
in 3days

Buster Buster Roxy

Roxy
20.50z 10.25 oz +3
71.75 oz
2 days 1day 22.5 oz
7days 7.5oz 52.5 0z
+2 3days 1 day
Amount 7 days
Buster eats Amount 3
in 1 day Buster eats
Amount Amount
7
in days
Roxy eats Roxy eats
2 Find d the total amount of dog
STEP
food needed for 7 in 1 day in 7days
175+52.5 = 124.25 and
days. Then
compare.
124.25 < 128,so Brian has
enough dog food.

EXAMPLE 3 Compare Using Rates

Suppose thateach jump
coversthe same distance.
How many jumps
does it take Rabbit
each
animal to cover
the
same distance? 8 meters

Kangaroo
Rat
12 meters
iKe tablesof equivalent ratios until the distance
jumped is the same.
The rabbit
Rabbit jumps
Kangaroo Rat 24 meters in 9 jumps.
Jumps Meters Jumps Meters
The
kangaroo rat
3 8 12 jumps24 meters
in
6 X 10 24 x2 10 jumps.
16
9 24
KEY CONCEPT
-7
Youcan use equivalent ratios and rates,
including unit rates, to compare ratios 6.5
45.5> 2 45.5
and to solve problems.
1
7 1 3541

Do You Understand? DoYou Know How?

1. Essential Question How are ratios, rates, 4. Krystal
Plan
comparing two Internet service plane
is

costs $34.99 per month. Plan

1
2 costs
and unit rates used to solve problems?
to stay
$134.97 every 3 months. If Krystal plans
year, which should
with one service plan for 1

she choose?How much will she save?

plan .
-holk

5. Pam read 126 pages of her summer reading book

in 3 hours. Zack read 180

pages of his summer
2. Use Structure Dorian buys 2 pounds of
reading book in 4 hours. If they continue
to

almonds for $21.98and 3 pounds of dried the same speeds, will they both finish the
per read at
apricots for $26.25. Which is less expensive of reading?
215-page book after 5 total hours
pound? How much less expensive?
Explain.
tables of equivalent ratios to help
Complete the
you solve.
Almonds Dried Apricots

Weight Weight
Cost Cost
(Ib) (b)

$26.25

6. Nora and making homemade spring

Eli are

rolls fora party. Nora

can make 8 spring rolls

in 10 minutes. Eli can make 10 spring rolls in

12 minutes. If they each make 40 spring rolls,

who will finish first?

3. Generalize How are unit rates and equivalent

ratíos related?

172 3-1 ConnectRatios, Rates, and Unit Rates

Name. for
Scan
& Problem Solving Multimedia
Practice,
Practice in 7-8, complete the tables of equivalent ratios to solve,
Leveled Steps
David's
AfterMegan walkedd5 miles, her activity tracker had Meghan's Steps
ounted 9,780steps. David's activity tracker had counted Steps Miles
Steps Miles
after he walked 6 miles. Suppose each
11,928 steps
reon's stepcoversabout thesame distance. Who takes 6
9,780
ore steps to walk 1 mile? How many more steps?

takes more steps to walk 1 mile.

more steps for 1 mile

9. Which package has the

pairs of
8. A package of 5 Pairs of
lowest cost per ounce
S630
RICE
Price
glovescosts Gloves
18 OUNCES
insulated
of rice? WHITE
$29.45. What is the cost
of a single pair of gloves? 5 WHITE

One pair of gloves Rice

12 ounces
1
S4.56
RICR
costs

$2.59

11. Be Precise Anacademy requires there to

arts
buys 5 panes of glass to
fix
and 6 tutors
10. A nursery owner be 3 teachers for every 75 students
The 5 panes How many tutors does the
some damage to her greenhouse. for every 72 students.
Unfortunately, she breaks 2 more has 120 students?
cost $14,.25.
the academy need if it

thedamage. VWhat is
panes while repairing
cost of another 2 panes of glass?

often
In large cities, people FARE MILES
Make Sense and Persevere
1e.

to get from one place to another.

What is the 25.20 36
take taxis
much is a 47-mile
Cost per mile
of a taxi ride? How
taxi ride?

3-1 Connect Ratios, Rates, and Unit Rates 373

 (
CompanyC
15tigers for
The Middle School track team needs new
Largo
CompanyA
13. for $41.10
12tigers
uniforms. The students plan to sell plush toy tigers
$33.24
(the school mascot) for $5. The students find three
companies online that sell stuffed mascots.

a. Which company has the lowest cost per tiger?

Company B
they use that company, how much
profit for
b. If 16 tigers
sold?
will the students make foreach tiger S44.80

stors
Thinking A warehouse of
15. Higher Order in packages
7 dozen pairs of padded cans of tuna
14. A contractor purchases sells 5.5-ounce
$9.24. The store also
6 cans costs
work gloves for $103.32. He incorrectly calculates
package
of
of the
same tuna in

A
the unit price at $14.76 per pair. cans packages
6.5-ounce
sells .5-ounce cans in
It also sells

3.
for $4.68.
a. What the correct unit price? of 3 cans
is

of 4 cans
for $4.48. Which package has
tuna?
per ounce of
packages
the lowest cost
b. Critique Reasoning What error did the

contractor likely make?

Assessment Practice
event. Each batch of her mac-and-cheese
16. Lena making two dishes for an
is
every
6 ounces of cheese and 2 tablespoons of basil. For
recipe calls for of basil.
of cheese and 5 tablespoons
two pizzas, she needs 16 ounces
PART B
PART A of mac-and-cheese
Lena decides to make 1 batch
a 32-oz package of cheese. Does she of basil does
Lena buys of and 3 pizzas. How many tablespoons
cheese to make 2 batches
have enough she need? Explain your answer.
pizzas? Explain.
mac-and-cheeseand 3

her car's gas tank with 15 gallons of gas.

17. It cost irene $58.90 to fill

for 15, gallons of gas.

Select all the rates that are equivalent to $58.90

O $41.80 for 11 gallons of gas

$28.80 for 8 gallons of gas

O $26.60 for 7 gallons of gas

O $8.55 for 2 gallons of gas

O $3.80 for 1 gallon of gas

174 3-1 ConnectRatios, Rates, and Unit Rates

 Scanfor
Multimedia
EXAMPLE 1 Find Unit Rates

Nathan and Dan were both hired

LIFEGUARD EARNINGS
as lifeguards for the summer. LIFEGUARD
EARNINGS SERVICES INC. STATEMENT
They STATEMENT
receive their paychecks for the first SERVICES INC.

week. Who earns more per hour? EMPLOYEE Nathan Smíth

EMPLOYEE Dan Jones
HOURS 6
Make Sense and Persevere HOURS
You can use a ratio to relate the TOTAL EARNINGS $46.25
TOTAL EARNINGS $78.75
number of hours worked and the
amount earned.

Draw a model to show how the quantities Find unit rates to determine how much each
are related. lifeguard earns each hour.

Nahan'sPay +5
$46.25 ? 6.25 –9.25
5hours 1 hour
+5
Dan'sPay +9
$78.75 78.758.75
9 hours1 hour
+9
Nathan earns 50¢ more per hour.