MATHS-3 PAPER SOLUTION DEC 2023

Q1.
cos 2𝑡 sin 𝑡
a) Find the Laplace transform of 𝑒𝑡
1 1
Sol : (i)cos 2𝑡 sin 𝑡 = . 2 sin 𝑡 cos 2𝑡 = sin 1 + 2 𝑡 + sin(1 − 2)𝑡
2 2
1
= sin 3𝑡 − sin 𝑡
2

1 1 3 1
∴ 𝐿 cos 2𝑡 sin 𝑡 = 𝐿 sin 3𝑡 − 𝐿(sin 𝑡) = . 2 − 2
2 2 𝑠 +9 𝑠 +1
1 3 1
𝐿 𝑒 −𝑡 cos 2𝑡 sin 𝑡 = −
2 (𝑠 + 1) + 9 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1
2

1 3 1
= −
2 𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 10 𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2
𝑠 2 +2𝑠−2
= 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+10 𝑠 2 +2𝑠+2

1 𝑘𝑥
b) Find k such that 2 log 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑖 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 is analytic.
𝑦

1 𝑘𝑥
Sol. : Let 𝑓 𝑧 = log 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
2 𝑦

1 𝑘𝑥
∴𝑢= log 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , 𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
2 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
∴ 𝑢𝑥 = , 𝑢𝑦 =
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
1 𝑘 𝑘𝑦 1 𝑘𝑥 𝑘𝑥
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑘2𝑥2
. = , 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑘2𝑥2
. − 𝑦 2 = − 𝑘 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
1+ 2 𝑦 𝑘 2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 1+ 2
𝑦 𝑦

Since, the function is given to be analytic C- R equations are satisfied.

∴ 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑦 = −𝑣𝑥
𝑥 𝑘𝑥 𝑦 𝑘𝑦
∴ = − , = −
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑘2𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑘2𝑥2 + 𝑦2
𝑤𝑕𝑖𝑐𝑕 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑛 𝑘 = −1

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c) Calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient R.
Calculation of R

X Rank Y Rank 𝐷2
𝑅1 𝑅2
10 1 12 1 0.00
12 2 18 2 0.00
18 4.5 25 4 0.25
18 4.5 25 4 0.25
15 3 50 6 9.00
40 6 25 4 4.00
N=6 𝐷2 = 13.50

There are two items in X series having equal values at the rank 4. Each is given the rank
=4.5. Similarly. There are three items in Y series at the rank 3. Each of them is given the =
3+4+5
=4
3

1 1
6 𝐷𝑖 2 + 12 𝑚1 3 − 𝑚1 + 12 𝑚2 3 − 𝑚2
∴𝑅 =1−
𝑛3 − 𝑛
Since, 𝐷2 = 13.50 , 𝑚1 = 2, 𝑚2 = 3, 𝑁 = 6.
1 1
6 13.50 + 12 8 − 2 + 12 27 − 3
𝑅 = 1− = 1 − 0.4571 = 0.5429
216 − 6

𝑠 2 +𝑎 2
d) Find the Inverse Laplace transform of log 𝑠 2 +𝑏 2

𝑠 2 +𝑎 2 1 𝑑 𝑠 2 +𝑎 2
Sol: 𝐿−1 log = − 𝑡 𝐿−1 log
𝑠 2 +𝑏 2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 2 +𝑏 2

1 −1 𝑑
= − .𝐿 log 𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 − log 𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2
𝑡 𝑑𝑠
1 2𝑠 2𝑠
= − 𝐿−1 2 −
𝑡 𝑠 + 𝑎2 𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2
1 2
=− 2 cos 𝑎𝑡 − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑡 = cos 𝑏𝑡 − cos 𝑎𝑡
𝑡 𝑡

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Q2.
a) A continuous random variable has probability density function
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘(𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.
0 otherwise
Find k, mean and variance.
Sol:

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 𝑥 − 𝑥2 0≤𝑥≤1
We know,
𝑏
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑎
1
𝑘 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 1
0
1 1
𝑘 𝑥− 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 1
0 0
1 1
𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑘 − =1
2 0
3 0

1 1
𝑘 −0 − −0 =1
2 3
1 1
𝑘 − =1
2 3
1
𝑘 =1 →𝑘=6
6

Now
𝑏
Mean = 𝜇 = 𝑎
𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= 0
𝑥. 6 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1
=6 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
0

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1 1
𝑥3 𝑥4
=6 −
3 0
4 0

1 1
=6 −0 − −0
3 4
1 1
=6 −
3 4
1
= 6×
12
1
𝜇=
2
1
𝑣𝑎𝑟 = 𝑥 2 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − (𝜇)2
𝑎
1 2
2 2
1
= 𝑥 𝑥6 𝑥−𝑥 −
0 2
1
1
𝑣𝑎𝑟 = 6 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 −
0 4
1
𝑥4 𝑥5 1
=6 − −
4 5 0
4

1 1 1
=6 − −
4 5 4
1 1
=6× −
20 4
3 1
= −
10 4
2
=
40
1
𝑣𝑎𝑟 =
20
𝑡
b) Find the Laplace transform of 𝑒 −3𝑡 0
𝑢 sin 3𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Sol:
𝑡
−3𝑡
𝐿 𝑒 𝑢 sin 3𝑢 𝑑𝑢
0

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We know;
𝑓
1
𝐿 𝑓 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ɸ(𝑠)
0 𝑠
(−1)𝑛 𝑑 𝑛 ɸ(𝑠)
𝐿 𝑢 sin 3𝑢 = 𝐿 𝑡 𝑛 𝑓(𝑡) =
𝑑𝑠 𝑛
3
So, 𝐿 sin 3𝑢 = 𝑠 2 +32

𝑑 3
𝐿 𝑢 sin 3𝑢 = −
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 32
2

𝑑 3
= −3
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 32
2

−1
= −3 × × 2𝑠
𝑠2 + 32 2

6𝑠
=
𝑠 2 + 32 2

𝑡
1 6𝑠 6
𝐿 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑢 = × 2 =
0 𝑠 𝑠 + 32 2 𝑠 2 + 32 2

Now
𝑡 6
𝐿 𝑒 −3𝑡 0 𝑢 sin 3𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 2 2 by 1st shifting.
𝑠 +3 +32

c) Find a Fourier Series to represent 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 in 0, 2𝜋

𝜋2 1 1 1 1
And hence, deduce that 12 = − 22 + 32 − 4 2 + ⋯
12
∞ ∞
Sol. : Let 𝑥 2 = 𝑎0 + 𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑛=1 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑖𝑛 0, 2𝜋
2𝑥
1 2𝜋 1 2𝑥 1 𝑥3 4𝜋 2
Then, 𝑎0 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝜋 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = =
2𝜋 0 0 2𝜋 3 0 3

2𝜋 2𝑥
1 1
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 0 𝜋 0
2𝑥
1 2 sin 𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 1 4𝜋 4
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − + 2 − = =
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛3 0 𝜋 𝑛2 𝑛2

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2𝜋 2𝑥
1 1
𝑏𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 𝜋 0
2𝑥
1 cos 𝑛𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥
= 𝑥2 − − 2𝑥 − + 2
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛3 0

1 4𝑥 2 2 2 4𝜋
= − + 3 − 3 =
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

Putting these values in (1).

∞ ∞
2
4𝑥 2 1 1
𝑥 = +4 cos 𝑛𝑥 − 4𝜋 sin 𝑛𝑥
3 𝑛2 𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑛 =1

4𝜋 2 cos 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 cos 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 sin 3𝑥

∴ 𝑥2 = +4 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ ⋯ − 4𝜋 + +
3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Now, Put 𝑥 = 𝜋

2
4𝜋 2 1 1 1 1
𝑥 = +4 − 2+ 2− 2+ 2−⋯
3 1 2 3 4
𝑥2 1 1 1 1
− = −4 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + ⋯
3 1 2 3 4
𝑥2 1 1 1 1
∴ = 2− 2+ 2− 2+⋯
12 1 2 3 4
Q3.
a) If the imaginary part of the analytic function
𝑥
𝑤 = 𝑓 𝑧 𝑖𝑠 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 +
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
𝑦
Show that the real part 𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 + 𝑐.
𝑦
Sol.: We have 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

2𝑥𝑦
∴ 𝑣𝑦 = 𝜓1 𝑥, 𝑦 = −2𝑦 −
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 2

𝑥2 − 𝑦2
𝑣𝑥 = 𝜓1 𝑥, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑥 + 𝑦2 2

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1
𝜓1 𝑧, 0 = 0, 𝜓2 𝑧, 0 = 2𝑧 −
𝑧2
By Milne- Thompson Method
𝑓 1 𝑧 = 𝜓1 𝑧, 0 + 𝑖𝜓2 𝑧, 0
1 1 1
∴ 𝑓 1 𝑧 = 𝑖 2𝑧 − =𝑖 2𝑧 − 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑖 𝑧 2
+
𝑧2 𝑧2 𝑧
(𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦)
= 𝑖 𝑥 2 + 2𝑖 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑖
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
𝑦 𝑥
= −2𝑥𝑦 + + 𝑖 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 + 2 +𝑐
𝑥2 +𝑦 2 𝑥 + 𝑦2
𝑦
∴ 𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑦 + +𝑐
𝑥2 + 𝑦2

2𝑠 2 −6𝑠+5
b) Find inverse Laplace transform of 𝑠 3 −6𝑠 2 +11 𝑠−6

Sol

2𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 5
∴ 𝐿−1
𝑠 3 − 6𝑠 2 + 11 𝑠 − 6

Solution of 𝑠 3 − 6𝑠 2 + 11𝑠 − 6 = 0
𝑠 = 1, 𝑠 = 3, 𝑠=2
∴ 𝑠 3 − 6𝑠 2 + 115 − 6 = 𝑠 − 1 𝑠 − 2 (𝑠 − 3)
2𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 5
𝐿−1
(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 − 3)

2𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 5 𝐴 𝐵 𝑐
= + +
(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 − 3) 𝑠 − 1 𝑠 − 2 (𝑠 − 3)
2𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 5 = 𝐴 𝑠 − 2 𝑠 − 3 + 𝐵 𝑠 − 1 𝑠 − 3 + 𝑐(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 2) …………….(1)
Now,
Put :𝑠 − 2 = 0 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 (1)

𝑠=2
2(2)2 − 6 2 + 5 = 0 + 𝐵 2 − 1 2 − 3 + 0

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8 − 12 + 5 = 𝐵(1)(−1)
1 = −𝐵
𝐵 = −1
Put :𝑥 − 3 = 0 → 𝑥 = 3 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 (1)
2(3)2 − 6 3 + 5 = 0 + 0 + 𝑐 3 − 1 3 − 2
18 − 18 + 5 = 𝑐(2)(1)
5 = 2𝑐
5
𝑐=
2
Now
Put, 3 − 1 = 0 → 𝑠 = 1 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 (1)

2(1)2 − 6 1 + 9 = 𝐴 1 − 2 1 − 3 + 0 + 0
2−6+5= 𝐴(−1)(−2 )
1 = 2𝐴
1
𝐴=
2
2𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 5 1/2 1 5/2
∴ = − +
(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 − 3) (𝑠 − 1) 𝑠−2 (𝑠 − 3)

Apply LaPlace inv. Both side.

2𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 5 1 1 1 5 1
𝐿−1 = 𝐿−1 − 𝐿−1 + 𝐿−1
(𝑠 − 1)(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 − 3) 2 𝑠−1 𝑠−2 2 𝑠−3
𝑡 3𝑡
1𝑒 2𝑡
5𝑒
= −𝑒 +
2 2

c) Fit a second degree parabolic curve to the following data.

X : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Y: 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 11, 10, 9

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Sol:
Since the values of x are odd and are equally spaced we change x to yby the relation x-5 and
put y=Y.
Let the equation of the parabola be 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑋 + 𝑐𝑋 2 . Then the normal equations are

𝑌 = 𝑁𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑋+𝑐 𝑥2

𝑋𝑌 = 𝑎 𝑋+𝑏 𝑋2 + 𝑐 𝑥3

𝑋2 𝑌 = 𝑎 𝑋2 + 𝑏 𝑋3 + 𝑐 𝑥4

Calculations of 𝑋, 𝑋 2 etc.

Sr. No. X X = x-5 Y= y 𝑋2 𝑋3 𝑋4 XY 𝑋2 𝑌

1 1 -4 2 16 -64 256 -8 32
2 2 -3 6 9 -27 81 18 54
3 3 -2 7 4 -8 16 -14 28
4 4 -1 8 1 -1 1 -8 8
5 5 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
6 6 1 11 1 1 1 11 11
7 7 2 11 4 8 16 22 44
8 8 3 10 9 27 81 30 90
9 9 4 9 16 64 256 36 144
N= 9 0 74 60 0 708 51 411

Now the normal equations become

74 = 9𝑎 + 60𝑐
51 = 60𝑏 ∴ 𝑏 = 0.85
411 = 60𝑎 + 708𝑐
Now to find a and c multiply (1) by 60 and (3) by 9.

∴ 4440 = 540𝑎 + 3600𝑐

3699 = 540𝑎 + 6372𝑐
741 = −2772𝑐 ∴ 𝑐 = −0.2673
Now, 9𝑎 = 74 − 60𝑐 = 74 + 16.038 = 90.038

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∴ 𝑎 = 10.0042 = 10
∴ 𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 10 + 0.85𝑋 − 0.27𝑋 2
2
L.o. 𝑦 = 10 + 0.85 𝑥 − 5 − 0.27 𝑥 − 5 ∴ 𝑦 = −1 + 3.55𝑥 − 0.27𝑥 2

Q4.
a) Obtain the Fourier series to represent 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 𝑖𝑛 − ⌅, ⌅

Given :𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 𝑖𝑛 − ⌅, ⌅
𝑓 −𝑥 = (−𝑥)3 = −𝑥 3 = −𝑓(𝑥)
∵ 𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑓 𝑥 , given function is add

∴ 𝑎0 = 0 &𝑎𝑛 = 0
⌅
2
𝑏𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥 sin(𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥
⌅ 0
⌅
2
= 𝑥 3 sin(𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥
⌅ 0

Now,
𝑢 = 𝑥3 , 𝑣 = sin(𝑛𝑥)

𝑢. 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣1 − 𝑢′ 𝑣2 + 𝑢′′ 𝑣3 − 𝑢′′′ 𝑣4 + ⋯

⌅
2 −𝑥 3 cos(𝑛𝑥) 3𝑥 2 sin(𝑛𝑥) 6𝑥 cos⁡(𝑛𝑥) 6𝑥 sin⁡
(𝑛𝑥)
𝑏𝑛 = + + −
⌅ 𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛3 𝑛4 0

𝑢 = 𝑥 3 𝑁1 = − cos(𝑛𝑥)/𝑛
𝑢′ = 3𝑥 2 𝑣2 = −sin⁡
(𝑛𝑥)/𝑛2
𝑢′′ = 6𝑥 (𝑛𝑥)/𝑛3
𝑣3 = cos⁡
𝑢′′′ = 6 (𝑛𝑥)/𝑛4
𝑣3 = sin⁡
2 ⌅ −3 cos(𝑛 ⌅) 3 ⌅2 sin(𝑛 ⌅) 6 ⌅ cos⁡ (𝑛 ⌅) 6 sin⁡
(𝑛 ⌅)
= + 2
+ 3
− − (0 + 0 + 0 − 0)
⌅ 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛4

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2 − ⌅3 (−1)𝑛 6 ⌅ (−1)𝑛
∴ 𝑏𝑛 = +
⌅ 𝑛 𝑛3

− ⌅2 (−1)𝑛 6(−1)𝑛
=2 +
𝑛 𝑛3
𝑛
2 −1 6
𝑏𝑛 = − ⌅2 +
𝑛 𝑛2
∞ ∞

∴ 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑛𝑥
𝑛 =1 𝑛=1
∞
3
2(−1)𝑛 − ⌅2 + 6
𝑥 =𝑓 𝑥 = sin(𝑛𝑥)
𝑛 𝑛2
𝑛=1

b) Find (i) the equations of the lines of Regression (ii) coefficient of correlation for the
following data.
X : 65, 66, 67, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72.
Y : 67, 68, 65, 66, 72, 72, 69, 71.

Sr.No X= x-𝑥 Y=y-𝑦

2
X x 𝑥 Y Y 𝑦2 xy
1 65 -3 9 67 -1.75 3.06 5.25
2 66 -2 4 68 -0.75 0.56 1.50
3 67 -1 1 65 -3.75 14.06 3.75
4 67 -1 1 66 -2.75 7.56 2.75
5 68 0 0 72 3.25 10.56 0
6 69 1 1 72 3.25 10.56 3.25
7 70 2 4 69 0.25 0.062 0.50
8 72 4 16 71 2.25 5.06 9
N=8 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑦 𝑦2 𝑥𝑦
= 544 = 36 = 550 = 51.5 = 26

𝑥 544
𝑥= = = 68
𝑁 8
𝑦 550
𝑦= = = 68.75
𝑁 8

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 MATHS-3 PAPER SOLUTION DEC 2023
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
Now :𝑏𝑦𝑥 = & 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
𝑥2 𝑦2

26 26
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = & 𝑏𝑥𝑦 =
36 51.5
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 0.72 & 𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 0.504
Now,
Eq y line of repression of ‘y’ on ‘x’

𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥
𝑦 − 68.75 = 0.72(𝑥 − 68)
𝑦 − 68.75 = 0.72𝑥 − 48.96
𝑦 = 0.72𝑥 + 19.8

Eq y line of repression of ‘x’ on ‘y’

𝑥 − 𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 𝑦 − 𝑦
𝑥 − 68 = 0.504 (𝑦 − 68.75)
𝑥 − 68 = 0.504𝑦 − 34.65
𝑥 = 0.504 𝑦 + 33.35

∞ 2𝑡 sin 𝑡 sin 𝑕𝑡 𝜋
c) Prove that 0
𝑒− 𝑑𝑡 =
𝑡 8

Sol. :
𝑒 𝑡 −𝑒 −𝑡
Sin t sin h t = sin 𝑡.
2
1
Now, L sin t = 𝑡 2 +1

1 1
∴ 𝐿 𝑒 𝑡 sin 𝑡 = 𝐿 𝑒 −𝑡 sin 𝑡 =
𝑠−1 2+1 𝑠+1 2+1
1 1 1
∴ 𝐿 sin 𝑡 𝑠𝑖 𝑕 𝑡 = 2
−
2 𝑠−1 +1 𝑠−1 2+1

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∞
sin 𝑡 sin 𝑕 𝑡 1 1 1
∴𝐿 = 2
− 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 2 𝑠 𝑠−1 +1 𝑠−1 2+1
1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 − 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 + 1 ∞
𝑠
2

1 𝜋 𝜋
= − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 − 1 − − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 + 1
2 2 2
1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 + 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 − 1
2
Now let 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 + 1 = 𝑎, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 − 1 = 𝛽 .
∴ tan 𝑎 = 𝑠 + 1, 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛽 = 𝑠 −1
tan 𝑎 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 (𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 − 1) 2 2
∴ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎 − 𝛽 = = 2
= 2
= 2
1 + tan 𝑎 tan 𝑎 1+ 𝑠 −1 1+ 𝑠 −1 𝑠
2 2
∴ 𝑎 − 𝛽 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ∴ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 + 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 − 1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑠2 𝑠2
sin 𝑡 sin 𝑕𝑡 1 2
∴𝐿 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2
𝑡 2 𝑠
∞ −𝑠𝑡 sin 𝑡 sin 𝑕𝑡 1 2
This means 0
𝑒 , = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 2
𝑡 2

Now Put 𝑠 = 2
∞ sin 𝑡 sin 𝑕𝑡 1 2 1 1 𝜋 𝜋
∴ 0
𝑒− 2𝑡
, = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1 = 2 . 4 = 8 .
𝑡 2

Q.5:

a) Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves 𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑐

Sol:

∵ 𝑢 = 𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 3 ∴ 𝑢𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2

∴ 𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = 𝑢𝑥 + 𝑖𝑣𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 − 𝑖𝑢𝑦 𝐵𝑦 𝐶 − 𝑅 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

= 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 − 𝑖 𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑦 2

By Milne – Thompson’s method, we put x = z, y = 0

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∴ 𝑓 ′ 𝑍 = −𝑖𝑧 3
𝑧4 𝑖
∴𝑓 𝑧 =− 𝑖𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧 = −𝑖 + 𝑐 = − 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 4
+𝑐
4 4
𝑖 4
= − 𝑥 + 4𝑥 3 𝑖𝑦 − 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑖𝑦 3 + 𝑦 4 + 𝑐
4
1
∴ 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑣 = − 4 𝑥 4 − 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4

Hence, the required orthogonal trajectories are 𝑥 4 − 6𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 = 𝑐

b)
X -2 3 1
P(x-x) 1/3 1/2 1/6
Hence find first four central moments.
We Know,

𝑥= 𝑥𝑝

−2 × 1 3 × 1 1 × 1
= + +
3 2 6
−2 3 1
= + +
3 2 6
−4 + 9 + 1
6
𝑥=1
Now;

Moment generating function = 𝑝 𝑒 𝑡(𝑥−𝑥 )

1 𝑡(−2−1) 1 𝑡(3−1) 1 𝑡(1−1)

= 𝑒 + 𝑒 + 𝑒
3 2 6
1 −3𝑡 1 1
= 𝑒 + 𝑒 2𝑡 +
3 2 6

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𝑥2 𝑥3
𝑒𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥 + + +⋯
2! 3!
1 3𝑡 2 3𝑡 3 3𝑡 4 1 2𝑡 2 1
∴ 𝑀𝐺𝐹 = 1 − 3𝑡 + − + + 1 + 2𝑡 + +⋯ +
3 2! 3! 4! 2 2! 6

We know,
1 1 1
If = co-efficient of = 3 + 2 + 6

𝜇0 = 1
𝑡1
𝜇1 =co-eff of 1! = −1 + 1 = 0
𝑡2
𝜇2 =co-eff of = 3+2 =5
2!
𝑡3
𝜇3 =co-eff of 3! = −9 + 4 = −5

c) Find half range cosine series for f (x) = x, 0 < x < 2. Using Parseval’s identity deduce that

𝜋4 1 1 1
= 4+ 4+ 4+⋯
96 1 3 5

𝑛𝜋𝑥
Sol. : Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑛 cos . 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑙 = 2
𝑙

𝑙 2 2
1 1 1 𝑥2
∴ 𝑎0 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = =1
𝑙 0 2 0 2 2 0
𝑙 2
2 𝑛𝜋𝑥 2 𝑛𝜋𝑥
= 𝑓 𝑥 cos 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 cos 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 0 𝑙 2 0 2
2
sin 𝑛𝜋𝑥/2 cos 𝑛𝜋𝑥/2
= 𝑥 + −1
𝑛𝜋/2 𝑛2 𝜋 2 / 22 0
cos 𝑛𝜋 1 (−1)𝑛 − 1
∴ 𝑎0 = 2. 0 + 2 2 2 − 0 − 2 2 2 =
𝑛 𝜋 /2 𝑛 𝜋 /2 𝑛2 𝜋 2 / 22
2
−4. 𝑛 2 𝜋 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑑
=
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
8 1 𝜋𝑥 1 3𝜋𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = 1 − 2 2 cos + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 +⋯
𝑥 1 2 3 2

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1
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 2
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑎0 2 + 𝑎1 2 + 𝑎2 2 + ⋯
𝑙 0 2
1
2
1 2 2 1 𝑥3 4
∴ 𝐿𝐻. 𝑆. = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = =
2 0 2 3 0 3
4 1 64 1 1 1
∴ = 2+ 4 4 + + +⋯
3 2 𝑥 1 34 54
8 64 1 1 1 𝜋4 1 1 1
−2= 4 4+ 4+ 4+⋯ ∴ = 4+ 4+ 4+
3 𝜋 1 3 5 96 1 3 5

Q6.
𝑠2
a) Using convolution theorem find the inverse Laplace transform of 𝑠 2 +22 2

Sol:

−1
𝑠2
𝐿
𝑠 2 + 22 2

We know,
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 × 2
𝑠2 +22 𝑠 + 22
𝑠 𝑠
𝑄1 𝑠 = &𝑄2 𝑠 =
𝑠 2 + 22 𝑠 2 + 22
𝑠
𝐿−1 𝑄1 𝑠 = 𝐿−1 2 = cos 2𝑡 = 𝑓1 (𝑡)
𝑠 + 22
𝑠
𝐿−1 𝑄2 𝑠 = 𝐿−1 2 = cos 2𝑡 = 𝑓1 (𝑡)
𝑠 + 22
𝑓
𝐿−1 𝑄1 𝑠 . 𝑄2 1 = 𝑓1 𝜇 𝑓2 𝑡 − 4 𝑑𝑢
0

𝑓1 𝑢 = cos 2𝑢
𝑓2 𝑡 − 𝑢 = cos 2 𝑡 − 𝑢 = cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢)
𝑡
𝑠2
𝐿−1 = cos 2 𝑢. cos 2𝑡 − 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑠 2 + 22 2
0

We know,

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1
cos 𝐴. cos 𝐵 = cos 𝐴 + 𝐵 + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)
2
𝑡
1
= cos 2𝑢 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑢 + cos 2𝑢 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑢 𝑑𝜋
0 2
𝑡
1
= cos 2𝑡 + cos(4𝑢 − 2𝑡)𝑑𝑢
2 0
𝑡 𝑡
1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑢 + cos(4𝑢 − 2𝑡)𝑑𝑢
2 0 0
𝑡
1 sin(4𝑢 − 2𝑡)
= cos 2𝑡(𝑢)0 𝑡 +
2 4 0

1 sin 2𝑡 sin 2𝑡
= 𝑡. cos 2𝑡 + +
2 4 4
1 sin 2𝑡
= 𝑡 cos 2𝑡 +
2 2

b) The probability density function of a random variable X is

𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(X=x) K 2k 3k 𝑘2 𝑘2 + 𝑘 2𝑘 2 4𝑘 2
Find k, p (x < 5), P (x > 5)

Sol:
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(X=x) K 2k 3k 𝑘2 𝑘2 + 𝑘 2𝑘 2 4𝑘 2
P(X=x) 1/8 2/8 3/8 1/64 9/64 2/64 4/64
We know,

𝑃 𝑋=𝑥 =1

𝐾 + 2𝐾 + 3𝐾 + 𝐾 2 + 𝐾 2 + 𝐾 + 2𝐾 2 + 4𝐾 2 = 1
8𝑘 2 + 7𝑘 − 1 = 0

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1
∴𝑘= & 𝑘 = −1
8
𝐾 = −1 is not valid on probability own never by me.
1
∴𝑘=
8
1) 𝑃 𝑥 < 5 = 𝑃 𝑥 = 4 + 𝑃 𝑥 = 3 + 𝑃 𝑥 = 2 + 𝑃(𝑥 = 1)
1 3 2 1
= + + +
64 8 8 8
49
=
64

2) 𝑃 𝑥 > 5 = 𝑃 𝑥 = 6 + 𝑃 (𝑥 = 7)
2 4 6
= + =
64 64 64
3
=
32

b) If 𝑣 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3 , Show that v is harmonic and find the corresponding analytic

function.
Sol. : We have
𝜕𝑣 𝜕2𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕2𝑣
= 6𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦, = 6𝑦; = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 , = −6𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2
𝜕2𝑣 𝜕2𝑣
+ = 6𝑦 − 6𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2
∴ 𝑣 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐 ′ 𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
Now we use Milne- Thompson Method ,
∴ 𝑣𝑥 = 6𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 , 𝜓2 𝑧, 0 = 0

𝑣𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 , 𝜓1 𝑧, 0 = 3𝑧 2 + 6𝑧

∴ 𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = 𝜓1 𝑧, 0 + 𝑖 𝜓2 𝑧, 0 = 3𝑧 2 + 6𝑧 + 0

∴ 𝑓 𝑧 = 3𝑧 2 + 6𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑧 3 + 3𝑧 2 + 𝑐

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