© NLSAT Self Prep (nlsat.

in)

NLSAT Self Prep

NLSAT Mock 1

PART A

PASSAGE-1

Shaw’s defence of a theatre of ideas brought him up against both his great bugbears— commercialized art
on the one hand and Art for Art’s Sake on the other. His teaching is that beauty is a by-product of other
activity; that the artist writes out of moral passion, not out of love of art; that the pursuit of art for its own
sake is a form of self-indulgence as bad as any other sort of sensuality. In the end, the errors of “pure” art
and of commercialized art are identical: they both appeal primarily to the senses. True art, on the other hand,
is not merely a matter of pleasure. It may be unpleasant. A favourite Shavian metaphor for the function of
the arts is that of tooth-pulling. Even if the patient is under laughing gas, the tooth is still pulled. The history
of aesthetics affords more examples of a didactic than of a hedonist view. But Shaw’s didacticism takes an
unusual turn in its application to the history of arts. If, as Shaw holds, ideas are a most important part of a
work of art, and if, as he also holds, ideas go out of date, it follows that even the best works of art go out of
date in some important respects and that the generally held view that great works are in all respects eternal is
not shared by Shaw. In the preface to Three Plays for Puritans, he maintains that renewal in the arts means
renewal in philosophy, that the first great artist who comes along after a renewal gives to the new philosophy
full and final form, that subsequent artists, though even more gifted, can do nothing but refine upon the
master without matching him. Shaw, whose essential modesty is as disarming as his pose of vanity is
disconcerting, assigns to himself the role, not of the master, but of the pioneer, the role of a Marlowe rather
than of a Shakespeare. “The whirligig of time will soon bring my audiences to my own point of view,” he
writes, “and then the next Shakespeare that comes along will turn these petty tentative of mine into
masterpieces final for their epoch.” “Final for their epoch”—even Shakespearean masterpieces are not final
beyond that. No one, says Shaw, will ever write a better tragedy than Lear or a better opera than Don
Giovanni or a better music drama than Der Ring des Nibelungen; but just as essential to a play as this
aesthetic merit is moral relevance which, if we take a naturalistic and historical view of morals, it loses, or
partly loses, in time. Shaw, who has the courage of his historicism, consistently withstands the view that
moral problems do not change, and argues therefore that for us modern literature and music form a Bible
surpassing in significance the Hebrew Bible. That is Shaw’s anticipatory challenge to the neo-orthodoxy of
today.
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1. According to Shaw, what is the biggest flaw of both "pure" art and commercialized art?

A. They are not politically relevant.

B. They are not aesthetically pleasing.

C. They appeal primarily to the senses.

D. They are not profitable.

2. Shaw saw himself as a:

A. Master like Shakespeare.

B. Pioneer like Marlowe.

C. Critic of modern art.

D. Supporter of commercial art.

3. The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss,

A. the unorthodoxy of Shaw’s views on the Bible

B. the aesthetic merit of Shaw’s plays

C. Shaw’s theory of art

D. Shavian examples of the theater of ideas

4. Vani Jairam, who passed away recently, was associated with which profession?

A. Politician

B. Sportsperson

C. Singer

D. Scientist

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5. It can be inferred from the passage that Shaw would probably agree with all of the following statements
about Shakespeare EXCEPT:

A. All of his plays are out of date in some important respect.

B. He was the most profound and original thinker of his epoch.

C. He was a greater artist than Marlowe.

D. His Lear gives full and final form to the philosophy of his age.

6. The ideas attributed to Shaw in the passage suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the
following statements?

A. Every great poet digs down to a level where human nature is always and everywhere alike.

B. A play cannot be comprehended fully without some knowledge and imaginative understanding of its
context.

C. A great music drama like Der Ring des Nibelungen springs from a love of beauty, not from a love of art.

D. Don Giovanni is a masterpiece because it is as relevant today as it was when it was created.

7. it is revealed in the passage, the author’s attitude toward Shaw can best be described as,

A. Condescending

B. completely neutral

C. Approving

D. envious

8. Dadashebphalke was recently conferred to which actor?

A. Waheda rehman

B. Sridevi

C. Madhubala

D. Shabana Azmi
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9. Synonym of the word "vanity"

A. Egotism

B. Humble

C. Happiness

D. Sarrow

10. What is the rank of India in the ‘World Happiness Index 2023’?

A. 142

B. 137

C. 126

D. 121

PASSAGE-2

The National Security Act of 1947 created a national military establishment headed by a single Secretary of
Defence. The legislation had been a year-and-a-half in the making— beginning when President Truman first
recommended that the armed services be reorganized into a single department. During that period the
President’s concept of a unified armed service was torn apart and put back together several times, the final
measure to emerge from Congress being a compromise. Most of the opposition to the bill came from the
Navy and its numerous civilian spokesmen, including Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal. In support of
unification were the Army air forces, the Army, and, most importantly, the President of the United States.
Passage of the bill did not bring an end to the bitter interservice disputes. Rather than unify, the act served
only to federate the military services. It neither halted the rapid demobilization of the armed forces that
followed World War II nor brought to the new national military establishment the loyalties of officers
steeped in the traditions of the separate services. At a time when the balance of power in Europe and Asia
was rapidly shifting, the services lacked any precise statement of United States foreign policy from the
National Security Council on which to base future programs. The services bickered unceasingly over their
respective roles and missions, already complicated by the Soviet nuclear capability that for the first time
made the United States subject to devastating attack. Not even the appointment of Forrestal as First
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Secretary of defence allayed the suspicions of naval officers and their supporters that the role of the U.S.
Navy was threatened with permanent eclipse. Before the war of words died down, Forrestal himself was
driven to resignation and then suicide. By 1948, the United States military establishment was forced to make
do with a budget approximately 10 percent of what it had been at its wartime peak. Meanwhile, the cost of
weapons procurement was rising geometrically as the nation came to put more and more reliance on the
atomic bomb and its delivery systems. These two factors inevitably made adversaries of the Navy and the
Air Force as the battle between advocates of the B-36 and the supercarrier so amply demonstrates. Given
severe fiscal restraints on the one hand, and on the other the nation’s increasing reliance on strategic nuclear
deterrence, the conflict between these two services over roles and missions was essentially a contest over
slices of an everdiminishing pie. Yet if in the end neither service was the obvious victor, the principle of
civilian dominance over the military clearly was. If there had ever been any danger that the United States
military establishment might exploit, to the detriment of civilian control, the goodwill it enjoyed as a result
of its victories in World War II, that danger disappeared in the interservice animosities engendered by the
battle over unification.

1. Which city is the host of the 15th BRICS summit 2023?

A. New Delhi

B. Durban

C. Beijing

D. Moscow

2. According to the passage, the interservice strife that followed unification occurred primarily between the,

A. Army and Navy

B. Army air forces and Navy

C. Navy and Army

D. Air Force and Navy

3. It can be inferred from the passage that Forrestal’s appointment as Secretary of Defense was expected to,

A. placate members of the Navy

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B. result in decreased levels of defense spending

C. outrage advocates of the Army air forces

D. win Congressional approval of the unification plan

4. With which of the following statements about defence unification would the author most likely agree?

A. Unification ultimately undermined United States military capability by inciting interservice rivalry.

B. The unification legislation was necessitated by the drastic decline in appropriations for the military
services.

C. Although the unification was not entirely successful, it had the unexpected result of ensuring civilian
control of the military.

D. In spite of the attempted unification, each service was still able to pursue its own objectives without
interference from the other branches.

5. Cipla Launched Drone based supply of its critical medicines in the hospital of which state?

A. Manipur

B. Himanchal Pradesh

C. Arunachal Pradesh

D. Assam

6. According to the selection, the political situation following the passage of the National Security Act of
1947 was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT,

A. a shifting balance of power in Europe and in Asia

B. lack of strong leadership by the National Security Council

C. shrinking postwar military budgets

D. a lame-duck President who was unable to unify the legislature

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7. The author cites the resignation and suicide of Forrestal in order to,

A. underscore the bitterness of the interservice rivalry surrounding the passage of the National Security Act
of 1947

B. demonstrate that the Navy eventually emerged as the dominant branch of service after the passage of the
National Security Act of 1947

C. suggest that the nation would be better served by a unified armed service under a single command

D. provide an example of a military leader who preferred to serve his country in war rather than in peace

8. Which country has embedded nuclear weapon status in its constitution?

A. Iran

B. North Korea

C. Russia

D. Uae

9. The antonym of the word "deterrence"

A. determent

B. disincentive

C. disincentive

D. incentive

PASSAGE-3

In Roman times, defeated enemies were generally put to death as criminals for having offended the emperor
of Rome. In the Middle Ages, however, the practice of ransoming, or returning prisoners in exchange for
money, became common. Though some saw this custom as a step towards a more humane society, the
primary reasons behind it were economic rather than humanitarian. In those times, rulers had only a limited

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ability to raise taxes. They could neither force their subjects to fight nor pay them to do so. The promise of
material compensation in the form of goods and ransom was therefore the only way of inducing combatants
to participate in a war. In the Middle Ages, the predominant incentive for the individual soldier to participate
in a war was the expectation of spoils. Although collecting ransom clearly brought financial gain, keeping a
prisoner and arranging for his exchange had its costs. Consequently, several procedures were devised to
reduce transaction costs. One such device was a rule asserting that the prisoner had to assess his own value.
This compelled the prisoner to establish a value without much distortion; indicating too low a value would
increase the captive’s chances of being killed, while indicating too high a value would either ruin him
financially or create a prohibitively expensive ransom that would also result in death. A second means of
reducing costs was the practice of releasing a prisoner on his word of honor . This procedure was
advantageous to both parties since the captor was relieved of the expense of keeping the prisoner while the
captive had freedom of movement. The captor also benefited financially by having his captive raise the
ransom himself. This “parole” was a viable practice since the released prisoner risked recapture or retaliation
against his family. Moreover, in medieval society, breaking one’s word had serious consequences. When, for
example, King Francois I broke his word to the Emperor Charles V in 1525, his reputation suffered
immensely. A third method of reducing costs was the use of specialized institutions to establish contact
between the two parties. Two types of institutions emerged: professional dealers who acted as brokers, and
members of religious orders who acted as neutral intermediaries. Dealers advanced money for the ransom
and charged interest on the loan. Two of the religious orders that became intermediaries were the
Mercedarians and the Trinitarians, who between them arranged the ransom of nearly one million prisoners.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to,

A. discuss the economic basis of the medieval practice of exchanging prisoners for ransom

B. examine the history of the treatment of prisoners of war

C. emphasize the importance of a warrior’s “word of honor” during the Middle Ages

D. demonstrate why warriors of the Middle Ages looked forward to battles

2. It can be inferred from the passage that a medieval soldier,

A. was less likely to kill captured members of opposing armies than was a soldier of the Roman Empire

B. was similar to a 20th-century terrorist in that he operated on a basically independent level and was
motivated solely by economic incentives
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C. had few economic options and chose to fight because it was the only way to earn an adequate living

D. had no respect for his captured enemies since captives were typically regarded as weak

3. The author uses the phrase “without much distortion” in order,

A. to indicate that prisoners would fairly assess their worth

B. to emphasize the important role medieval prisoners played in determining whether they should be
ransomed

C. to explain how prisoners often paid more than an appropriate ransom in order to increase their chances
for survival

D. suggest that captors and captives often had understanding relationships

4. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as actions that were taken to ensure that ransoming
prisoners was a profitable operation EXCEPT,

A. prisoners were released on the condition that they guaranteed that their ransoms would be paid

B. professional intermediaries were employed to facilitate the smooth exchange of prisoner and ransom at a
price to the prisoner

C. religious orders acted as impartial mediators by arranging the trade-off of ransom and prisoner

D. medieval rulers promised to aid soldiers in their efforts to collect ransom

5. Host of 2028 Olympics is?

A. Paris

B. Geneva

C. Los Angeles

D. Chicago

6. In the author’s opinion, a soldier’s decision to spare an adversary’s life be linked historically to,

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A. the economic relationship of the warring states

B. the case with which a soldier could capture and subsequently imprison his enemy

C. the economic gain from taking an enemy prisoner rather than killing him in combat

D. the desire for soldiers to uphold their word of honor

7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A. An assertion is made, briefly explained, and then several examples that refute the assertion are given.

B. A hypothesis is offered, carefully qualified, and then supporting data is analyzed.

C. A generally accepted historical viewpoint is presented in order to introduce discussion of its strengths and
limitations.

D. A historical analysis is made of a phenomenon and supporting details are offered.

8. What is the name of the operation to bring back its citizens from Israel and Palestine,

A. Operation Ajay

B. Operation Arun

C. Operation Atal

D. Operation Abhay

9. Vahagn khachaturyan is the president of which country

A. Israel

B. Armenia

C. Azerbaijan

D. Afghanistan

PASSAGE-4

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The modern multinational corporation is described as having originated when the ownermanagers of
nineteenth-century British firms carrying on international trade were replaced by teams of salaried managers
organized into hierarchies. Increases in the volume of transactions in such firms are commonly believed to
have necessitated this structural change. Nineteenthcentury inventions like the steamship and the telegraph,
by facilitating coordination of managerial activities, are described as key factors. Sixteenth- and
seventeenth-century chartered trading companies, despite the international scope of their activities, are
usually considered irrelevant to this discussion: the volume of their transactions is assumed to have been too
low and the communications and transport of their day too primitive to make comparisons with modern
multinationals interesting. In reality, however, early trading companies successfully purchased and outfitted
ships, built and operated offices and warehouses, manufactured trade goods for use abroad, maintained
trading posts and production facilities overseas, procured goods for import, and sold those goods both at
home and in other countries. The large volume of transactions associated with these activities seems to have
necessitated hierarchical management structures well before the advent of modern communications and
transportation. For example, in the Hudson’s Bay Company, each far-flung trading outpost was managed by
a salaried agent, who carried out the trade with the Native Americans, managed day-to-day operations, and
oversaw the post’s workers and servants. One chief agent, answerable to the Court of Directors in London
through the correspondence committee, was appointed with control over all of the agents on the bay. The
early trading companies did differ strikingly from modern multinationals in many respects. They depended
heavily on the national governments of their home countries and thus characteristically acted abroad to
promote national interests. Their top managers were typically owners with a substantial minority share ,
whereas senior managers’ holdings in modern multinationals are usually insignificant. They operated in a
pre-industrial world, grafting a system of capitalist international trade onto a pre-modern system of artisan
and peasant production. Despite these differences, however, early trading companies organized effectively in
remarkably modern ways and merit further study as analogues of more modern structures.

1. The author’s main point is that,

A. modern multinationals originated in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with the establishment of
chartered trading companies

B. the success of early chartered trading companies, like that of modern multinationals, depended primarily
on their ability to carry out complex operation

C. early chartered trading companies should be more seriously considered by scholars studying the origins
of modern multinationals

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D. scholars are quite mistaken concerning the origins of modern multinationals

2. According to the passage, early chartered trading companies are usually described as,

A. irrelevant to a discussion of the origins of the modern multinational corporation

B. interesting but ultimately too unusually to be good subjects for economic study

C. rudimentary and very early forms of the modern multinational corporation

D. important national institutions because they existed to further the political aims of the governments of
their home countries

3. The author lists the various activities of early chartered trading companies in order to,

A. analyse the various ways in which these activities contributed to changes in management structure in
such companies

B. demonstrate that the volume of business transactions of such companies exceeded that of earlier firms

C. refute the view that the volume of business undertaken by such companies was relatively low

D. support the argument that such firms coordinated such activities by using available means of
communication and transport

4. With which of the following generalizations regarding management structures would the author of the
passage most probably agree?

A. Hierarchical management structures are the most efficient management structures possible in a modern
context.

B. Firms that routinely have a high volume of business transactions find it necessary to adopt hierarchical
management structures.

C. Hierarchical management structures cannot be successfully implemented without modern

communications and transportation

D. Modern multinational firms with a relatively small volume of business transactions usually do not have
hierarchically organized management structures.

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5. Ranveer, a con-man by profession, was sitting in his lawn with some stolen books by William
Shakespeare. Suddenly, his neighbour, Anushka, entered and tried to snatch away those books from him
saying that they belong to her. As it turns out, she was right. Still, Ranveer sues Anushka for trespass to
goods. Will he succeed?

Principle: Interference with someone’s possession or enjoyment of movable property constitutes the tort of
trespass of goods.

A. Yes, because the books were in Ranveer’s possession, and trespass is a tort against possession and not
against ownership.

B. Yes, because she shouldn’t snatch things just like that. It is bad manners.

C. No, because she was the rightful owner of the books.

D. No, because the books do not belong to Ranveer, and no matter who they belong to, Ranveer cannot sue.

6. The passage suggests that modern multinationals differ from early chartered trading companies in that

A. the top managers of modern multinationals own stock in their own companies rather than simply
receiving a salary

B. modern multinationals depend on a system of capitalist international trade rather than on less modern
trading systems

C. the operations of modern multinationals are highly profitable despite the more stringent environmental
and safety regulations of modern governments

D. the overseas operations of modern multinationals are not governed by the national interests of their home
countries

7. The author mentions the artisan and peasant production systems of early chartered trading companies as
an example of,

A. an area of operations of these companies that was unhampered by rudimentary systems of

communications and transport

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B. a similarity that allows fruitful comparison of these companies with modern multinationals

C. a positive achievement of these companies in the face of various difficulties

D. a characteristic that distinguishes these companies from modern multinationals

8. India’s first ever lavender firm is constructed in which state/UT?

A. Jammu and Kashmir

B. Uttarakhand

C. Arunachal Pradesh

D. Sikkim

9. According to new study which species has their head all over the body?

A. Star fish

B. Jelly fish

C. Mambas

D. Octopus

10. Which country is the largest supplier of rare earth metals?

A. India

B. China

C. Brazil

D. Australia

Passage- 5

The function of capital markets is to facilitate an exchange of funds among all participants, and yet in
practice we find that certain participants are not on a par with others. Members of society have varying

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degrees of market strength in terms of information they bring to a transaction, as well as of purchasing
power and creditworthiness, as defined by lenders. For example, within minority communities, capital
markets do not properly fulfill their functions; they do not provide access to the aggregate flow of funds in
the United States. The financial system does not generate the credit or investment vehicles needed for
underwriting economic development in minority areas. The problem underlying this dysfunction is found in
a rationing mechanism affecting both the available alternatives for investment and the amount of financial
resources. This creates a distributive mechanism penalizing members of minority groups because of their
socioeconomic differences from others. The existing system expresses definite socially based investment
preferences that result from the previous allocation of income and that influence the allocation of resources
for the present and future. The system tends to increase the inequality of income distribution. And, in the
United States economy, a greater inequality of income distribution leads to a greater concentration of capital
in certain types of investment. Most traditional financial-market analysis studies ignore financial markets’
deficiencies in allocation because of analysts’ inherent preferences for the simple model of perfect
competition. Conventional financial analysis pays limited attention to issues of market structure and
dynamics, relative costs of information, and problems of income distribution. Market participants are viewed
as acting as entirely independent and homogeneous individuals with perfect foresight about capital-market
behaviour. Also, it is assumed that each individual in the community at large has the same access to the
market and the same opportunity to transact and to express the preference appropriate to his or her
individual interest. Moreover, it is assumed that transaction costs for various types of financial instruments
are equally known and equally divided among all community members.

1. The main point made by the passage is that,

A. the allocation of financial resources takes place among separate individual participants, each of whom
has access to the market

B. the existence of certain factors adversely affecting members of minority groups shows that financial
markets do not function as conventional theory says they function

C. investments in minority communities can be made by the use of various alternative financial instruments,
such as stocks and bonds

D. since transaction costs for stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments are not equally apportioned
among all minority-group members, the financial market is subject to criticism

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2. The passage states that traditional studies of the financial market overlook imbalances in the allocation of
financial resources because,

A. an optimum allocation of resources is the final result of competition among participants

B. those performing the studies choose an oversimplified description of the influences on competition

C. such imbalances do not appear in the statistics usually compiled to measure the market’s behaviour

D. socioeconomic difference form the basis of a rationing mechanism that puts minority groups at a
disadvantage

3. The author’s main point is argued by,

A. showing that the view opposite to the author’s is self-contradictory

B. criticizing the presuppositions of a proposed plan

C. showing that omissions in a theoretical description make it inapplicable in certain cases

D. demonstrating that an alternative hypothesis more closely fits the data

4. Tanvi and Ashrita were residents of Jahnvi Devi Society. Ashrita has been into the habit of practising
Nitinnatyam before sunrise each morning since the past 25 years. She plays loud dance beats in her music
system each morning to help her practice. The loud noise emanating from her music system disturbs Tanvi
who is woken up each morning due to the sound. After putting up with this for 25 years, Tanvi finally
decides she can take it no more and decides to sue Ashrita for nuisance.

Principle: Whoever causes unreasonable interference to the right of another over his property and space is
causing nuisance.

A. Ashrita is liable because her dance practice cause unreasonable interference with Tanvi’s sleep.

B. Ashrita is liable because she could easily choose some other time of the day.

C. Ashrita is not liable because she has been doing this for over 20 years, and has now acquired a
prescriptive right to continue with it unchallenged.

D. Ashrita is not liable because it is her wish as to what she wants to do inside her house.

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5. Which of the following can be inferred about minority communities on the basis of the passage?

A. They provide a significant portion of the funds that become available for investment in the financial
market.

B. They are penalized by the tax system, which increases the inequality of the distribution of income
between investors and wage earners.

C. They do not receive the share of the amount of funds available for investment that would be expected
according to traditional financial-market analysis.

D. They are not granted governmental subsidies to assist in underwriting the cost of economic development.

6. According to the passage, a questionable assumption of the conventional theory about the operation of
financial markets is that,

A. creditworthiness as determined by lenders is a factor determining market access

B. market structure and market dynamics depend on income distribution

C. a scarcity of alternative sources of funds would result from taking socioeconomic factors into
consideration

D. those who engage in financial-market transactions are perfectly well informed about the market

7. As per, ILO what is the rank of India in average number of hours per week for each employed person?

A. 2

B. 6

C. 9

D. 15

8. Who has assumed charge as the new Vice Chief of the Indian Air Force?

A. Air Marshal AP Singh

B. Air Marshal VR Chaudhari
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C. Air Marshal Sandeep Singh

D. Air Marshal HS Arora

9. Which country has proposed to create ‘International Big Cat Alliance’?

A. USA
B. India
C. Indonesia
D. Japan

PASSAGE-6

In most earthquakes the Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture form at a depth
of a few kilometres and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds
of kilometres down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of
cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such
depths?

That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati
convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at
different locations, as earlier researchers had done. Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of
primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly
constant speeds, the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the
earthquake focus, or rupture point.

For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicentre, the point on the
surface where shaking is strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long even at the epicentre.
Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analysed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a
small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicentre, but
others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the
intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus
lay just under the epicentre, and deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometres down.

The question remained: how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50
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kilometres is too ductile to store enough stress to fracture? Wadati’s work suggested that deep events occur
in areas (now called Wadati-Benioff zones) where one crustal plate is forced under another and descends
into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and hence is less
ductile and much more liable to fracture.

1. Kishor Jena is associated with which sports?

A. Javelin throw

B. Tennis

C. Badminton

D. Table Tennis

2. The passage is primarily concerned with,

A. demonstrating why the methods of early seismologists were flawed

B. arguing that deep events are poorly understood and deserve further study

C. defending a revolutionary theory about the causes of earthquakes and methods of predicting them

D. discussing evidence for the existence of deep events and the conditions that allow them to occur

3. The author uses the comparisons to porcelain and putty in order to,

A. distinguish the earthquake’s epicenter from its focus

B. demonstrate the conditions under which a Wadati-Benioff zone forms

C. explain why S waves are slower than P waves

D. illustrate why the crust will fracture but the mantle will not

4. It can be inferred from the passage that if the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a given location long
after the P waves, which of the following must be true?

A. The earthquake was a deep event.

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B. The earthquake focus was distant.

C. The earthquake focus was nearby.

D. The earthquake had a low peak intensity.

5. Which state/UT is the host of the ‘Khelo India Winter Games 2023’?

A. Sikkim

B. Arunanchal Pradesh

C. Ladakh

D. Jammu & Kashmir

6. Most appropriate synonym of the word "Ductile"

A. Unyielding

B. Yeilding

C. Flexible

D. Hard

7. PRINCIPLE: The wrong of defamation is committed either by way of writing, or its equivalent or by way
of speech. The defamatory statement should be published so that a third party knows about it. A defamatory
statement is a statement is one which lowers a person reputation in the eyes of the right-minded people of
the society.

FACTS: Priya wrote a letter to Anvita calling her a girl of bad character. When Anvita read the letter, she felt
very disgusted and filed a case of defamation against Priya. Will she succeed? Decide.

A. Anvita will succeed because Priya tried to defame her by writing a letter.

B. Anvita will succeed because Priya what Priya wrote, lowers her reputation in the society.

C. Anvita will not succeed because it is a matter between friends and the law does not take care of trifles.

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D. Anvita will not succeed because there was no publication.

8. The passage suggests which of the following about the views held by researchers before 1927?

A. Some researchers did not believe that deep events could actually occur.

B. Many researchers rejected the use of P-S intervals for determining the depths of earthquakes.

C. Some researchers doubted that the mantle was too ductile to store the stress needed for an earthquake

D. Most researchers expected P waves to be slower than S waves.

9. The author’s explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following
were discovered to be true?

A. Deep events are far less common than shallow events.

B. Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet.

C. Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than it is at 50 kilometers.

D. The speeds of both P and S waves are slightly greater than previously thought.

10. Which country has won world cup in both women and men football?

A. France

B. Germany

C. Portugal

D. Italy

PASSAGE- 7

Homeostasis, an animal’s maintenance of certain internal variables within an acceptable range, particularly
in extreme physical environments, has long interested biologists. The desert rat and the camel in the most
water-deprived environments, and marine vertebrates in an all-water environment, encounter the same
regulatory problem: maintaining adequate internal fluid balance. For desert rats and camels, the problem is

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conservation of water in an environment where standing water is nonexistent, temperature is high, and
humidity is low. Despite these handicaps, desert rats are able to maintain the osmotic pressure of their blood,
as well as their total body-water content, at approximately the same levels as other rats. One countermeasure
is behavioral: these rats stay in burrows during the hot part of the day, thus avoiding loss of fluid through
panting or sweating, which are regulatory mechanisms for maintaining internal body temperature by
evaporative cooling . Also, desert rats’ kidneys can excrete a urine having twice as high a salt content as sea
water. Camels, on the other hand, rely more on simple endurance. They cannot store water, and their reliance
on an entirely unexceptional kidney results in a rate of water loss through renal function significantly higher
than that of desert rats. As a result, camels must tolerate losses in body water of up to thirty percent of their
body weight. Nevertheless, camels do rely on a special mechanism to keep water loss within a tolerable
range: by seating and panting only when their body temperature exceeds that which would kill a human,
they conserve internal water. Marine vertebrates experience difficulty with their water balance because
though there is no shortage of seawater to drink, they must drink a lot of it to maintain their internal fluid
balance. But the excess salts from the seawater must be discharged somehow, and the kidneys of most
marine vertebrates are unable to excrete a urine in which the salts are more concentrated than in seawater.
Most of these animals have special salt-secreting organs outside the kidney that enable them to eliminate
excess salt.

1. Which of the following most accurately states the purpose of the passage?

A. To compare two different approaches to the study of homeostasis

B. To summarize the findings of several studies regarding organisms’ maintenance of internal variables in
extreme environments

C. To argue for a particular hypothesis regarding various organisms’ conservation of water in desert
environments

D. To cite examples of how homeostasis is achieved by various organisms

2. It can be inferred from the passage that some mechanisms that regulate internal body temperature, like
sweating and panting, can lead to which of the following?

A. A rise in the external body temperature

B. A drop in the body’s internal fluid level

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C. A decrease in the amount of renal water loss

D. A decrease in the urine’s salt content

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author characterizes the camel’s kidney as “entirely
unexceptional” primarily to emphasize that it

A. functions much as the kidney of a rat functions

B. does not aid the camel in coping with the exceptional water loss resulting from the extreme conditions of
its environment

C. does not enable the camel to excrete as much salt as do the kidneys of marine vertebrates

D. is similar in structure to the kidneys of most mammals living in water-deprived environments

4. The Supreme Court collegium is proposing the appointment of:

A. Majid Shah

B. Saurabh Kirpal

C. Kaushal Singh

D. Debaonkar Mishra

5. Marine vertebrates face a different water balance challenge due to the high salt content of seawater. How
do they eliminate excess salt?

A. By drinking large amounts of seawater and excreting concentrated urine

B. Through special salt-secreting organs outside the kidney

C. By converting excess salt into body fat

D. By sweating out the excess salt through their skin

6. The passage mentions that marine vertebrates drink seawater, yet their kidneys cannot excrete a more
concentrated urine. This suggests that:

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A. Marine vertebrates must excrete excess salt through other means.

B. Drinking seawater is not a sustainable water source for marine vertebrates.

C. Marine vertebrates are constantly dehydrated.

D. Marine vertebrates have a limited ability to regulate their internal fluid balance.

7. Who among the following is the author of the book ‘A Brief History of Time’?

A. Stephen Hawking

B. Harry Kroto

C. John Gurdon

D. Bruno Rossi

8. In the passage the word RUPTURE means,

A. Fragment

B. Deplore

C. Eschew

D. Pulverize

9. Which European country recently banned wearing abaya robes in school?

A. Germany

B. France

C. Portugal

D. Spain

PASSAGE-8

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Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on
the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei were brought into the Pajaro
Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei labourers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought
employment via the “boss” system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei
boarding-houses where labourers stayed; and labour contractors, who gathered workers for a particular job
and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by
the Chinese labourers who had preceded the Japanese. A related institution was the “labour club,” which
provided job information and negotiated employment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of
land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership. When the
local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902, the Issei began to lease land from the valley’s strawberry
farmers. The Japanese provided the labour and the crop was divided between labourers and landowners. The
Issei thus moved quickly from wage-labour employment to sharecropping agreements. A limited amount of
economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined
together to form farming corporations. As the Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start
families, forming an established Japanese American community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain
agricultural independence were hampered by government restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913.
But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-
born children’s names. Nakane’s case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable
information about the lives and experiences of the Issei. It is, however, too particularistic . This limitation
derives from Nakane’s methodology—that of oral history—which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical
or comparative perspective. Future research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the
Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings, and what variations existed
between rural Japanese American communities?

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to,

A. defend a controversial hypothesis presented in a history of early Japanese immigrants to California

B. summarize and critique a history of an early Japanese settlement in California

C. compare a history of one Japanese American community with studies of Japanese settlements throughout
California

D. examine the differences between Japanese and Chinese immigrants to central California in the 1890’s

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2. Several Issei families join together to purchase a strawberry field and the necessary farming equipment.
Such a situation best exemplifies which of the following, as it is described in the passage?

A. A typical sharecropping agreement

B. A farming corporation

C. A “labour club”

D. Circumvention of the Alien Land Law

3. The author of the passage would most likely agree that which of the following, if it had been included in
Nakane’s study, would best remedy the particularistic nature of that study?

A. A statistical table comparing per capita income of Issei wage labourers and sharecroppers in the Pajaro
Valley

B. A statistical table showing per capita income of Issei in the Pajaro Valley from 1890 to 1940

C. A statistical table showing rates of farm ownership by Japanese Americans in four central California
counties from 1890 to 1940

D. A discussion of original company documents dealing with the Pajaro Valley sugar beet industry at the
turn of the century

4. It can be inferred from the passage that, when the Issei began to lease land from the Valley’s strawberry
farmers, the Issei most probably did which of the following?

A. They used profits made from selling the strawberry crop to hire other Issei.

B. They negotiated such agricultural contracts using the “boss” system.

C. They paid for the use of the land with a share of the strawberry crop.

D. They earned higher wages than when they raised sugar beets.

5. Principle: Any direct physical interference with goods in somebody’s possession without lawful
justification is called trespass of goods.

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Facts: Z purchased a car from a person who had no title to it and sent it to a garage for repair. X believing
wrongly that the car was his, removed it from the garage.

A. X cannot be held responsible for trespass of goods as he was under a wrong belief.

B. X can be held responsible for trespass of goods.

C. X has not committed any wrong.

D. None of the above.

6. In the passage the word circumvent means,

A. Outwit

B. Acquiesce

C. Ascend

D. Submerge

7. Which of the following best describes a “labour club,” as defined in the passage?

A. An organization to which Issei were compelled to belong if they sought employment in the Pajaro Valley

B. An association whose members included labor contractors and landowning “bosses”

C. A type of farming corporation set up by Issei who had resided in the Pajaro Valley for some time

D. A cooperative association whose members were dues-paying Japanese labourers

8. Tharman Shanmugaratnam is the president of which country?

A. Singapore

B. Mauritius

C. Malaysia

D. Cyprus

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9. Which country has officially re-entered UNESCO?

A. USA

B. India

C. Russia

D. Ukraine

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PART B

PASSAGE-1

Sakshi was a trained nurse and after completion of her nursing course in the year 2008 was working in a
private hospital. She earned Rs. 40,000 p.m. In December 2010 she went on vacation to Kerala with her
husband Shekhar. There she fell ill. She was given long-acting corticosteroid ‘Depomedrol’ injection of 80
mg twice daily for three days by Dr. M. As her condition did not improve, she was admitted in the hospital
for treatment. Another doctor H diagnosed correctly as TEN. He administered a quick acting steroid 40 mg
of dredriisolone 3 times daily. Still the condition of Sakshi did not improve and she died. Shekhar filed an
application in the Consumer Forum claiming 1 crore as damages for the death of his wife. Dr. M, Dr. H and
the hospital denied any liability for the death of the lady and also objected to the jurisdiction of the
consumer forum. Is the hospital guilty of the charges filed by Shekhar? Decide.

PASSAGE-2

X, a manufacturer of ginger-beer, had sold to a retailer a sealed and opaque bottle of gingerbeer. The retailer
sold it to A who had given it to his friend Miss D. She consumed the contents of the ginger-beer. The
Contents contained the decomposed remains of a snail which were not, and could not be, detected until the
greater part of the contents of the bottle had been consumed. As a result, she became seriously ill. She sues
the manufacturer. How will you decide? If you were the judge here, who are you going to favour in this
case?

PASSAGE-3

Konark Enterprises is a leading manufacturer of Batteries. They are engaged in both wholesale and retail
sale of batteries. They sold a lot of 100 batteries to Cuttack Enterprises at Rs 10000 per piece with the
condition that they will not sell the batteries at less than RS 10000 per piece. After some time Cuttack
Enterprises decided to sell the batteries to Mahanadi Enterprises with the condition that they will not sell the
batteries at less than Rs 10000. However soon after purchasing the batteries, the owner of Mahanadi
Enterprises discovered that his Godown was leaking and he had to disposes of the batteries to prevent them
from getting damaged. Hence, he sold the batteries to general public for Rs8000 per piece. Konark

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enterprises came to know about the sale and decided to file a suit against Mahanadi enterprises. Decide your
stance in this case.

PASSAGE-4

John is a college student who has been charged with sexual assault. He believes that exculpatory evidence
that could help his case is on the Facebook page of Chloe-his accuser and a classmate at school. Chloe
alleges that John plied her with liquor and then sexually assaulted her; John says that they had an ongoing
flirtation in a class that turned into a consensual one-night stand at a raucous party, but that when Chloe's
boyfriend found out, she claimed it was rape. One of the issues relevant to the case is whether or not John
used drugs and alcohol to coerce Chloe. Chloe asserted to the police that she never drinks and that John used
this knowledge as part of his coercion tactics. John disputes these claims, and believes that Chloe's
Facebook page, which he can no longer access, might have pictures of her drinking at other parties that
would impeach her testimony. He also thinks her friends might have pictures from the party showing that
Chloe had been drinking before he arrived, as well as corroborate that she was 'In a relationship" at the time
of the offense. You have been appointed as the judge in this case. Who will succeed in this case?

PASSAGE-5

Due to breaking of communal riots between community A and B, members of community A caused loot,
plunder and fire of the property belonging to members of community B. X, who was a member of
community B was also targeted. He tried to remain within closed door, to save himself and his family.
However, the mob reached and started knocking at his door. Before the mob could enter. X fired from his
licensed revolver and killed a member out of the mob. Mr. X is charged of murder; however, he pleads his
right of private defence against his charge. Will he succeed?

PASSAGE-6

Mr. B and Ms. A who were class fellows from class10th, developed infatuation towards each other. They
carried the relationship for 6 long years till the boy did his master's course and was employed in good
multinational. They had promised to marry each other and were firm to do so, knowing fully well, they
belonged to different castes. On the basis of this promise and long relationship they entered into sexual
relationship many a times. However, finally, when boy disclosed it to his parents, hey refused to do so on the

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basis of caste. They threatened the boy of social ostracization and even death of both of them in case they do
the same. Compelled by these reasons, the boy married another girl. A charge the boy B of having
committed rape with her. Decide the fate of B.

ESSAY

1. Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy

OR

2. Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.

OR

3. India’s headache: Unemployment or Underemployment?

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