MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

Subject Code: (A70442)

Regulations : R16 JNTUH
Class :IV Year B.Tech ECE I Semester

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad

 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (A70442)

COURSE PLANNER

I. COURSE OVERVIEW:
The subject Microwave Engineering may be also referred to as Applied Electromagnetics. The
importance of microwaves started way back in World War II period and later expanded
its ways out to domestic (microwave oven), military, commercial, satellite and etc. This
subject starts with the definition of microwave frequency range, its applications and its
importance in modern era. The microwave transmission lines like waveguides
(rectangular, circular), micro-strips etc. and the various microwave components like T-
junctions, circulator, isolator etc. are discussed in detail to enable the student to design
microwave systems and sub- systems.

II. PREREQUISITS:
1. Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines(EMTL)
2. Antennas and Wave Propagation

III. COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. To develop the knowledge on transmission lines for microwaves, cavity

resonators and waveguide components and applications.
2. To enable the students understand and analyze the operation of
microwave tubes like klystron, magnetron, travelling wave tube, etc.
3. To familiarize with microwave solid state devices.
4. To understand scattering matrix parameters and its use.
5. To introduce the student the microwave test bench for measure different
parameters like attenuation, VSWR, impedance etc.

IV. COURSE OUTCOMES:

S.No. Description Bloom’s Taxonomy

Level
1. Understand the significance microwaves and Knowledge, Understand
microwave transmission lines. (Level1, Level2)

2. Design waveguide and micro strip transmission lines Apply, Create (Level 3,
with given characteristics. Level 6)

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 25
 3. Analysis & design passive microwave components Analyze (Level 4)
such as directional couplers, power dividers /
Combiner and etc, with given characteristics.
4. Understand operating principles of basic passive and Knowledge, Understand
active microwave devices. (Level1, Level2)

5. Analysis the behavior and evaluate the performance Analyze (Level 4)

of the microwave components using Scattering
matrix theory.
6. Conduct a microwave measurement experiment Apply, Create (Level 3,
such as microwave impedance or SWR Level 6)
measurement.

V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Outcomes (PO) Level
assessed by
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an
Assignments,
PO1 engineering specialization to the solution of complex 3
Exercises
engineering problems related to Electronics & Communication
and Engineering.
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems related to
PO2 Electronics & Communication Engineering and reaching 3 Assignments
substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for
complex engineering problems related to Electronics &
Communication Engineering and design system components or Assignments,
PO3 3
processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate Exercises
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-
based knowledge and research methods including design of
PO4 3 Assignments
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis
of the information to provide valid conclusions.
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate
techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools Assignments,
PO5 3
including prediction and modeling to complex engineering Seminars
activities with an understanding of the limitations.

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 26
 Proficiency
Program Outcomes (PO) Level
assessed by
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal
PO6 and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant 2 Seminars
to the Electronics & Communication Engineering professional
engineering practice.
Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the
Electronics & Communication Engineering professional
Assignments,
PO7 engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, 3
Seminars
and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional
PO8 ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering - -
practice.
Individual and team work: Function effectively as an
Oral
PO9 individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in 2
Discussions
multidisciplinary settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community and with
Document
PO10 society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write 3
Preparation,
effective reports and design documentation, make effective
Presentation
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge
and understanding of the engineering and management
PO11 principles and apply these to one‘s own work, as a member and 3 Assignments
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the
PO12 preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long 3 Assignments
learning in the broadest context of technological change.
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None

VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Specific Outcomes Level
assessed by
Professional Skills: An ability to understand the basic
concepts in Electronics & Communication Engineering and
Lectures,
PSO 1 to apply them to various areas, like Electronics, 3
Assignments
Communications, Signal processing, VLSI, Embedded
systems etc., in the design and implementation of complex

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 27
 systems.
Problem-Solving Skills: An ability to solve complex
Electronics and communication Engineering problems, using
PSO 2 2 Tutorials
latest hardware and software tools, along with analytical
skills to arrive cost effective and appropriate solutions.
Successful Career and Entrepreneurship: An
understanding of social-awareness & environmental-wisdom
Seminars,
PSO 3 along with ethical responsibility to have a successful career 1
Projects
and to sustain passion and zeal for real-world applications
using optimal resources as an Entrepreneur.

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None

VII. SYLLABUS:

UNIT I
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES: Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands,
Applications of Microwaves. Rectangular Waveguides – TE/TM mode analysis, Expressions
for Fields, Characteristic Equation and Cut-off Frequencies, Filter Characteristics, Dominant
and Degenerate Modes, Sketches of TE and TM mode fields in the cross-section, Mode
Characteristics – Phase and Group Velocities, Wavelengths and Impedance Relations.
RECTANGULAR WAVE GUIDES:
Power Transmission and Power Losses in Rectangular Guide. Related Problems.
Impossibility of TEM mode. Micro strip Lines– Introduction, Zo Relations, Effective
Dielectric Constant, Losses, Q factor.

UNIT II
CAVITY RESONATORS– Introduction, Rectangular and Cylindrical Cavities, Dominant
Modes and Resonant Frequencies, Q factor and Coupling Coefficients. Related Problems.
WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS - I : Coupling Mechanisms –
Probe, Loop, Aperture types. Waveguide Discontinuities – Waveguide irises, Tuning Screws
and Posts, Matched Loads. Waveguide Attenuators – Resistive Card, Rotary Vane types;
Waveguide Phase Shifters – Dielectric, Rotary Vane types. Waveguide Multiport Junctions –
E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Hybrid Ring; Directional Couplers – 2 Hole, Bethe
Hole types.
Ferrites– Composition and Characteristics, Faraday Rotation; Ferrite Components – Gyrator,
Isolator, Circulator.

UNIT III
MICROWAVE TUBES – : Limitations and Losses of conventional tubes at microwave
frequencies. Microwave tubes – O type and M type classifications. O-type tubes : 2 Cavity
Klystrons – Structure, Reentrant Cavities, Velocity Modulation Process and Applegate
Diagram, Bunching Process and Small Signal Theory – Expressions for o/p Power and
Efficiency. Reflex Klystrons – Structure, Applegate Diagram and Principle of working,
Mathematical Theory of Bunching, Power Output, Efficiency, Electronic Admittance;

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 28
Oscillating Modes and o/p Characteristics, Electronic and Mechanical Tuning. Related
Problems.
HELIX TTS: Significance, Types and Characteristics of Slow Wave Structures; Structure of
TWT and Amplification Process (qualitative treatment), Suppression of Oscillations, Nature
of the four Propagation Constants, Gain Considerations.

UNIT IV
M-TYPE TUBES
Introduction, Cross-field effects, Magnetrons – Different Types, 8-Cavity Cylindrical
Travelling Wave Magnetron – Hull Cut-off and Hartree Conditions, Modes of Resonance and
PI-Mode Operation, Separation of PI-Mode, o/p characteristics.
MICROWAVE SOLID STATE DEVICES: Introduction, Classification, Applications.
TEDs – Introduction, Gunn Diode – Principle, RWH Theory, Characteristics, Basic Modes of
Operation, Oscillation Modes. Avalanche Transit Time Devices, Gunn oscillation modes,
LSA Mode.

UNIT V
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS
Scattering Matrix– Significance, Formulation and Properties. S Matrix Calculations for – 2
port Junction, E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee, Directional Coupler, Circulator and
IsolatorDescription of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their Features, Precautions;
Microwave Power Measurement – Bolometer Method. Measurement of Attenuation,
Frequency, VSWR, Cavity Q. Impedance Measurements.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – Samuel Y. Liao, PHI, 3rd Edition, 1994.
2. Microwave Principles – Herbert J. Reich, J.G. Skalnik, P.F. Ordung and H.L. Krauss,
CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Foundations for Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, IEEE Press, John Wiley, 2nd
Edition, 2002.
2. Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices – M.L. Sisodia and G.S.Raghuvanshi, Wiley
Eastern Ltd., New Age International Publishers Ltd., 1995.
3. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits – Peter A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999.
4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th ed., 1955.
5. Elements of Microwave Engineering – R. Chatterjee, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
6. Micro Wave and Radar Engineering – M. Kulkarni, Umesh Publications, 1998.

NPTEL Web Course: Microwave Theory and Techniques

NPTEL Video Course: Microwave Theory and Techniques

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 29
GATE SYLLABUS:
S-parameters, pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary
conditions; cut-off frequencies.

IES SYLLABUS:
Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides
and other Microwave Components and Circuits, Misconstrue circuits, Microwave Antennas,
Microwave Measurements, Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation. Microwave
Communication Systems terrestrial and Satellite based.

VIII. COURSE PLAN (WEEK-WISE):

Topics Course Learning Outcomes

Reference
Session

Week

Unit

Microwave Transmission Lines: Describe the Microwave.

T1,
1 Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and
R6
Bands
Applications of Microwaves List out applications of T1,
2
Microwaves. R6
Rectangular Waveguides – TE/ TM Analyze the Rectangular
T1,
3 mode analysis Waveguides – TE/ TM mode
1 1 R6
analysis
Rectangular Waveguides – TE/ TM Analyze the Rectangular
T1,
4 mode analysis Waveguides – TE/ TM mode
R6
analysis
Rectangular Waveguides – TE/ TM Analyze the Rectangular
T1,
5 mode analysis Waveguides – TE/ TM mode
R6
analysis
Expressions for Fields, Characteristic Analyze Mathematical Derivations
T1,
6 Equation and Cut-off Frequencies for various field configurations in
R6
Rectangular Waveguides
Expressions for Fields, Characteristic Analyze Mathematical Derivations
T1,
7 Equation and Cut-off Frequencies for various field configurations in
R6
Rectangular Waveguides
2 Filter Characteristics, Dominant and Identify various types of Modes T1,
8
Degenerate Modes R6
Sketches of TE and TM mode fields in Analyze Spatial representation of T1,
9
the cross-section Modes R6
Mode characteristics –Phase and Group Explain Wavelengths and
T1,
10 velocities & Wavelengths and Impedance Relations
R6
Impedance Relations
11 Mode characteristics –Phase and Group Explain Wavelengths and T1,

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 30
 velocities & Wavelengths and Impedance Relations R6
Impedance Relations
Power Transmission and Power Losses Summarize Power Transmission
T1,
12 in Rectangular Guide, Related Problems and Power Losses in Waveguides
R6
Power Transmission and Power Losses Summarize Power Transmission
T1,
13 3 in Rectangular Guide, Related Problems and Power Losses in Waveguides
R6
Micro strip Lines– Introduction, Zo Compare various parameters of
14 T2
Relations Microstrip Lines
15 Effective Dielectric Constant Explain effective dielectric constant T2
Q factor, Cavity Resonators– Define Q factor
16 T2
Introduction
17 Rectangular and Cylindrical Cavities Classify various cavities T2
Dominant Modes and Resonant Analyze Mode Characteristics
18 T2
Frequencies
4
Q factor and Coupling Coefficients, Distinguish Mode Characteristics
19 T2
Related Problems.
Waveguide Components and List out various types of coupling
20 Applications : Coupling Mechanisms – T2
Probe, Loop, Aperture types
Waveguide Discontinuities –Waveguide Illustrate waveguide discontinuities
21 irises, Tuning Screws and Posts, T2
Matched Loads
Waveguide Attenuators – Resistive Define Attenuators
22 T2
Card, Rotary Vane attenuators
5
Waveguide Phase Shifters – Dielectric, Explain about Phaseshifters
23 T2
Rotary Vane types.
Waveguide Multiport Junctions – E Compare different types of T
24- 2
plane Junctions T2
25
and H plane Tees
Directional Couplers – 2 Hole, Bethe Explain Directional Coupler, Magic
26 T2
Hole types, Problems. Tee, Hybrid Ring
Ferrites– Composition and Classify Ferrites and their
27 T2
Characteristics, Faraday Rotation Characteristics
Ferrites– Composition and Classify Ferrites and their
28 6 T2
Characteristics, Faraday Rotation Characteristics
Ferrite Components – Gyrator, Isolator Distinguish Ferrite Components-
29 T2
Gyrator, Isolator
Ferrite Components – Gyrator, Isolator Distinguish Ferrite Components-
30 T2
Gyrator, Isolator
Circulator. Scattering Matrix– Define Circulator
31 Significance, Formulation and T1
Properties.
7
S-Matrix Calculations for – 2 port Formulate T Junction S-Matrix
32 T1
Junction, E plane and H plane Tees derivation
33 S-Matrix Calculations for – 2 port Formulate T Junction S-Matrix T1

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 31
 Junction, E plane and H plane Tees derivation
Magic Tee, Directional Coupler, Solve problems based on Ferrites
34 T1
Circulator and Isolator, Problems
Magic Tee, Directional Coupler, Solve problems based on Ferrites
35 T1
Circulator and Isolator, Problems
Microwave Tubes: Limitations and Illustrate about Conventional Tubes
36 Losses of conventional tubes at T1
microwave frequencies
Microwave tubes – O type and M type Compare Microwave tubes – O
37 T1
classifications type and M type classifications
O-type tubes : 2 Cavity Klystrons – Categorize O-type tubes : 2 Cavity
38 8 T1
Structure, Reentrant Cavities Klystrons
Velocity Modulation Process and Apply Velocity Modulation Process
39 T1
Applegate Diagram
Bunching Process and Small Signal Analyze Bunching Process and its
40 Theory – Expressions for output Power mathematical treatment T1
and Efficiency
Reflex Klystrons – Structure, Applegate Examine Reflex Klystron Operation
3 T1
41 Diagram and Principle of working
Mathematical Theory of Bunching, Formulate derivation of Klystron
42 T1
Power Output, Efficiency Parameters
Oscillating modes and output Classify different oscillating modes
43 9 characteristics, Effect of repeller T1
voltage on power output
Significance, Types and Characteristics List out various types of Slow Wave
44 T1
of Slow Wave Structures Tubes
Structure of TWT and Amplification Apply Structure of TWT and
45 T1
Process (qualitative treatment) Amplification Process
Suppression of Oscillations, Gain Interpret Suppression of
46 Considerations Oscillations, Learn about Gain T1
Considerations
M-Type Tubes : Introduction, Crossfield Compare M-Type Tubes
47 T1
effects, Magnetrons – Different Types
8-Cavity Cylindrical Travelling Wave Analyze 8-Cavity Cylindrical
10
48 Magnetron – Hull Cut-off and Hartree Travelling Wave Magnetron and its T1
Conditions characteristics
Modes of Resonance and PI-Mode Identify different modes in M
49 Operation, Separation of PI-Mode, Tubes T1
output characteristics.
4
50 Related Problems Solve Related Problems T1
Microwave Solid State Devices: Demonstrate Introduction,
51 T1
Introduction, Classification, Applications Classification, Applications
TEDs – Introduction, Gunn Diode – Compare Transferred Electronic
52 T1
11 Principle, RWH Theory, Characteristics Devices
Basic Modes of Operation, Oscillation Examine basic modes of Operation,
53 T1
Modes Oscillation Modes
54 Avalanche Transit Time Devices – Classify Avalanche Transit Time T1

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 32
 Introduction Devices
IMPATT and TRAPATT Diodes – Principle Explain IMPATT and TRAPATT
55 of Operation and Characteristics Diodes – Principle of Operation and T1
Characteristics
Classification, Applications Summarize Classification,
56 T1
Applications
Microwave Measurements: Description Compare various types of
of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks microwave measurement
57 and their Features Precautions; techniques and Classify various R6
Microwave Power Measurement – types of Microwave Measurement
Bolometer Method Techniques
Microwave Measurements: Description Compare various types of
of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks microwave measurement
12
58 and their Features Precautions; techniques and Classify various R6
5
Microwave Power Measurement – types of Microwave Measurement
Bolometer Method Techniques
Measurement of Attenuation Illustrate various types of
59 Microwave Measurement R6
Techniques
Frequency standing wave Illustrate various types of
60 measurements- measurement of low Microwave Measurement R6
VSWR, measurement of high VSWR Techniques
Frequency standing wave Illustrate various types of
61 measurements- measurement of low Microwave Measurement R6
VSWR, measurement of high VSWR Techniques
13
Measurement of Cavity Q & Impedance Explain measurement of Q and
62 Measurements Analyze microwave impedance R6
measurement

IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

Course Program Outcomes Program S pecific

Outcomes Outcomes
PO PO PO3 PO PO PO PO PO PO9 PO 1 PO 11 PO 1 PSO1 PSO PSO 3
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 0 2 2
CO1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 - 1 2 2 2 2 2 1
CO2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 - 2 3 3 2 3 1 1
CO3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 - 1 3 2 3 2 2 1
CO4 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 - 1 2 2 3 2 2 1
CO5 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 - 2 2 3 2 3 1 1
CO6 3 2 3 3 3 1 3 - 2 3 3 3 3 3 1
Average 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 - 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.83 1
Average
3 3 3 3 3 2 3 - 2 3 3 3 3 2 1
(Rounded)

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 33
 1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None

X. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING:

Mapping Low (1), Justification

Medium (2),
High(3)
CO1-PO1 2 Students will be able to understand the Microwaves.

CO1-PO2 3 Analyze the Rectangular Waveguides.

CO1-PO3 2 Students will be able to know the TE and TM modes.

CO1-PO4 2 Derive various field configurations in rectangular waveguides.

2 Analyze mathematical derivations for various field configurations
CO1-PO5 in rectangular waveguides.
CO1-PO6 2 Derive various field configurations in circular waveguides.
2 Analyze mathematical derivations for various field configurations
CO1-PO7 in circular waveguides
CO1-PO9 1 Identify various types of Modes .

CO1-PO10 2 Study various modes of operation.

CO1-PO11 2 Derive expressions for various parameters of waveguides.

CO1-PO12 2 Solve problems on various parameters of waveguides.

2 Perform experiments to understand various parameters of
CO1-PSO1
waveguides.
CO1-PSO2 2 Students will be able to perform miniprojects using waveguides.

CO1-PSO3 1 Understand wavelengths and impedance relations.

CO2-PO1 2 Solve problems on wavelengths and impedance relations.

CO2-PO2 2 Study power transmission in waveguides.

CO2-PO3 2 Illustrate power transmission in waveguides.

CO2-PO4 2 Study power losses in waveguides.

CO2-PO5 2 Illustrate power losses in waveguides.

CO2-PO6 1 Solve problems on power losses.

CO2-PO7 2 Summarize power transmission and power losses in wave guides

CO2-PO9 2 Understand the concept of microstrip lines.

CO2-PO10 3 Study the characteristics of microstrip lines.

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 34
CO2-PO11 3 Design using microstrip lines.

CO2-PO12 2 Compare various parameters of microstrip lines,

CO2-PSO1 3 Study the characteristics of dielectric materials.

CO2-PSO2 1 Explain effective dielectric constant

CO2-PSO3 1 Able to define Q factor.

CO3-PO1 3 Analyse the impact of various effeccts on Q-factor.

CO3-PO2 3 Know various classifications of various cavities.

CO3-PO3 3 Know various classifications of various cavities.

CO3-PO4 3 Analyze mode characteristics.

CO3-PO5 3 Distinguish mode characteristics.

CO3-PO6 2 Able to solve problems on mode characteristics.

CO3-PO7 3 Describe the characteristic features of resonant windows.

CO3-PO9 1 Know the applications of H-plane Tee.

CO3-PO10 3 Know the applications of E-plane Tee.

CO3-PO11 2 Know the applications of Hybrid Tee junction.

CO3-PO12 3 Know the applications of ratrace.

CO3-PSO1 2 Derive the s-parameters of H-plane tee.

CO3-PSO2 2 Derive the s-parameters of E-plane tee.

CO3-PSO3 1 Derive the s-parameters of magic tee.

CO4-PO1 2 Derive the s-parameters of rat race.

CO4-PO2 3 Know the applications of resonant Iris.

CO4-PO3 2 Understand the details of directional couplers.

CO4-PO4 2 Know various types of directional couplers.

CO4-PO5 2 Study the working of a wave guide attenuator.

CO4-PO6 2 Able to list out various types of coupling.

CO4-PO7 2 Illustrate waveguide discontinuities

CO4-PO9 1 Understand the basic principle of attenuators.

CO4-PO10 2 Analyse the operation and parameters of attenuators.

CO4-PO11 2 Explain the applications of attenuators.

CO4-PO12 3 Analyse the properties of S-matrix.

CO4-PSO1 2 Explain about Phaseshifters.

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 35
CO4-PSO2 2 Compare different types of T Junctions .

CO4-PSO3 1 Explain Directional Coupler, Magic Tee, Hybrid Ring

CO5-PO1 3 Classify Ferrites and their Characteristics

CO5-PO2 2 Distinguish Ferrite Components-Gyrator, Isolator

CO5-PO3 3 Define Circulator .

CO5-PO4 3 Compare various parameters of Microstrip Lines

CO5-PO5 3 Formulate T Junction S Matrix derivation

CO5-PO6 1 Solve problems based on Ferrites

CO5-PO7 2 Illustrate about Conventional Tubes

CO5-PO9 2 Compare Microwave tubes – O type and M type classifications

CO5-PO10 2 Categorize O-type tubes : 2 Cavity Klystrons

CO5-PO11 3 Apply Velocity Modulation Process

CO5-PO12 2 Analyze Bunching Process and its mathematical treatment

CO5-PSO1 3 Examine Reflex Klystron Operation

CO5-PSO2 1 Formulate derivation of Klystron Parameters

CO5-PSO3 1 Classify different oscillating modes

CO6-PO1 3 List out various types of Slow Wave Tubes

CO6-PO2 2 Apply Structure of TWT and Amplification Process

3 Interpret Suppression of Oscillations, Learn about Gain
CO6-PO3 Considerations
CO6-PO4 3 Compare M-Type Tubes
3 Analyze 8-Cavity Cylindrical Travelling Wave Magnetron and its
CO6-PO5
characteristics
CO6-PO6 1 Identify different modes in M Tubes and Solve Related Problems

CO6-PO7 3 Compare Transferred Electronic Devices

CO6-PO9 2 Examine basic modes of Operation, Oscillation Modes

CO6-PO10 3 Classify Avalanche Transit Time Devices

CO6-PO11 3 Summarize the applications of transit time devices.

CO6-PO12 3 Compare various types of microwave measurement techniques.

CO6-PSO1 3 Illustrate various types of Microwave Measurement Techniques

CO6-PSO2 3 Perform experiments to measure Q value.

CO6-PSO3 1 Analyze microwave impedance measurement

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 36
XI. QUESTION BANK (JNTUH) :

UNIT - I
Long Answer Questions:

S.No. Question Blooms Course

Taxonomy Outcome
Level
Derive the TMmn mode field equation in rectangular Remember 1
1.
waveguide.
What are the dominated and degenerate modes? What is Remember 1
the significance of dominant modes? Indicate the dominant
2.
mode in rectangular wave guide and calculate fc for the
same.
A rectangular waveguide has dimensions 2.5 X 5 cms. Apply 1
Determine the guide wavelength, phase constant and
3.
phase velocity at a wavelength of 4.5 cms for dominant
mode.
What is a Microwave spectrum bands? Explain briefly the Remember 1
4. applications of microwaves at various frequency
bands.
Explain the TE and TM modes of propagation in waveguides. Understand 1
5.
Why TEM wave does not exist in a rectangular wave guide.
Explain the wave impedance of a rectangular waveguide and Understand 1
6. derive the expression for the wave impedance of TE and TM
modes.
A rectangular wave guide with dimension of 3 x 2 cm Analyze 1
7. operates in the TM11 mode at 10 GHz. Determine the
characteristic wave impedance.
A Rectangular wave guide is filled by dielectric material of Understand 1
εr= 9 and has dimensions of 7 × 3.5 cm. It operates in the
8. dominant TE mode. (i) Determine the cut off frequency. (ii)
Find the phase velocity in the guide at a frequency of 2 GHz.
(iii) Find the guided wave length at 2GHz.
Derive the expression for cutoff frequency of TEmn mode in Remember 1
9. rectangular wave guide.
Derive an expression for microwave impedance for TE waves Understand 1
10.
in rectangular wave guide.
Derive an expression for microwave impedance for TM Understand 1
11.
waves in rectangular wave guide.
12. Derive the expression for power transmission in waveguide. Remember 1

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 37
Short Answer Questions:

S.No. Question Blooms Course

Taxonomy Outcome
Level
List the typical applications of microwaves. Remember 1
1.

2. Define the dominant mode of a waveguide? Understand 1

3. What are microwaves? Why they are so called? Understand 1

4. Define waveguide? Mention some of its features? Remember 1

What are TE, TM & TEM modes? Understand 1

5.

6. Define dominant mode and degenerate mode. Remember 1

7. Define cutoff frequency of a waveguide. Evaluate 1

What is dominant mode of a rectangular waveguide for TE Remember 1

8. and TM modes and why?
Find the cut–off frequency of the dominant mode for an air Understand 1
9. filled rectangular waveguide when a = 6cm and b = 2 cm for
TE wave?
Name the microwave frequency bands and spectra. Understand 1
10.

11. Define phase velocity. Understand 1

12. What is meant by group velocity? Understand 1

What is the relation between phase and group velocities in Understand 1

13. terms of light velocity?

14. Define guide wavelength. Evaluate 1

15. Summarize the advantages of microwaves. Understand 1

What are the advantages of dominant mode propagation? Evaluate 1

16.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of micro strip Analyze 2

17. lines?
Explain briefly about impossibility of TEM Modes. Understand 1
18.

UNIT - II

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 38
Long Answer Questions:

S.No. Question Blooms Course

Taxonomy Outcome
Level
Derive the cut-off frequency expression for Rectangular Evaluate 2
1.
cavity resonator.
2. Prove that a cavity resonator is nothing but an LC circuit. Analyze 2
Explain E-H plane Tee junction. Why a hybrid E-H plane Tee Understand 2
3.
referred to as Magic Tee.
4. Explain the applications of Directional Couplers. Understand 2

5. What is the application of Circulator? Remember 2

6. Explain about quality factor of a cavity resonator. Understand 2

Explain the principle of working an H-plane Tee junction Understand 2
7.
with neat schematics.
Explain the principle of working an E-plane Tee junction with Analyze 2
8.
neat schematics?
Explain the principle of working a Magic Tee junction with Evaluate 2
9.
neat schematics?
Explain the principle of working of two-hole Directional Understand 3
10.
coupler with neat schematics?
Explain Bethe hole Directional coupler and write applications Evaluate 3
11.
of directional couplers?
Explain the following characteristics related to Directional Remember 3
12.
coupler i)Coupling factor ii)Directivity iii) Isolation.

Short Answer Questions:

S.No. Question Blooms Course

Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. Define the attenuation constant. Remember 2

2. What is meant by cavity resonator? Understand 2

3. Define resonant frequency and give its expression. Understand 2

4. Derive the resonant frequency for TE101 mode. Understand 2

5. What are the applications of cavity resonator? Evaluate 2

6. Define quality factor of a cavity resonator Evaluate 2

7. Explain the waveguide discontinuities? Remember 2

8. Describe the characteristic features of resonant windows? Understand 2

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 39
 9. Mention the applications of Hybrid Tee junction? Remember 2

10. Mention the applications of resonant Iris? Understand 2

11. Mention the applications of capacitive and inductive Iris. Evaluate 2

12. What is directional coupler? Understand 3

Describe the principle of working of a wave guide Understand 2
13.
attenuator, with neat schematics?
14. List out the different types of waveguide Irises. Understand 2

15. Give the properties of S-matrix. Evaluate 2

16. What is an isolator? Analyze 2

17. What is a Gyrator? Analyze 2

UNIT - III
Long Answer Questions:

S.No. Question Blooms Course

Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. What is Gunn effect? Explain the operation of Gunn diode. Remember 4
Explain is the principle of working for Two – Cavity Klystron Understand 4
2.
with velocity diagram.
Derive the expression for output power and efficiency of a 2 Understand 4
3.
cavity klystron.
Explain in detail bunching process & obtain expression for Understand 4
4.
bunching parameter in a two cavity klystron amplifier.
What are the limitations of conventional tubes at microwave Understand 4
5.
frequencies? Explain how these limitations can be overcome.
A reflex klystron having an accelerated field of 300v Analysis 4
oscillates at a frequency of 10GHZ with a retarding field of
6. 500v. If its cavity is returned to 9GHZ. What must be the new
value of retarding field for oscillations in the same mode to
take place?
Name different methods of generating microwave power. Understand 4
7. Describe the necessary theory and working of reflex
klystron.
Explain in detail bunching process and obtain expression for Understand 4
8.
bunching parameter in a two cavity klystron amplifier.
Explain the principle of operation of a reflex Klystron Understand 4
9. oscillator and derive an expression for the bunching
parameter.
Explain the construction and working of two cavity klystron Remember 4
10.
amplifier.

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 40
Short Answer Questions:
S.No. Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
State the limitations of conventional tubes at microwave Remember 4
1.
frequencies.
2. What is the principle of two cavity Klystron amplifier? Remember 4

3. What are the applications of reflex klystron? Understand 4

4. State the characteristics of the two-cavity klystron amplifier. Remember 4

5. Compare TWT and Klystron amplifier. Analyze 4

6. Draw the schematic diagram of helix travelling wave tube? Understand 4

7. What is meant by reflex klystron? Remember 4

What are the performance characteristics of klystron Remember 4
8.
amplifier?
9. Differentiate between klystrons and TWT. Analyze 4

10. State the applications of the two-cavity klystron amplifier. Remember 4

11. Why multi-cavity klystrons are preferred? Remember 4

12. How are oscillations avoided in travelling wave tube? Remember 4

Discuss in detail about lead inductance and inter electrode Understand 4
13. capacitance effects of conventional tubes at microwave
frequencies.
14. Differentiate between O – type tubes and M – type tubes. Analysis 4
What is the condition for obtaining the power output in Apply 4
15.
reflex klystron?
16. What is transit time? Analyze 4

17. What is the operating principle of reflex klystron? Remember 4

18. What is velocity and current modulation in a reflex klystron? Remember 4

19. How does bunching occur in a reflex klystron? Remember 4

20. Explain clearly the classification of microwave sources. Understand 4

What is the operating frequency, power output and Remember 4
21.
efficiency of a reflex klystron?
22. What are the devicesused as a microwave signal sources? Remember 4

23. Write the classification of microwave tubes. Apply 4

24. What is TWTA? Remember 4

25. What is the need of slow – wave structures? Remember 4

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 41
 What are the assumptions for calculation of RF Power in Remember 4
26.
Reflex Klystron?
27. What is the effect of transit time? Remember 4

28. List the applications of TWT. Remember 4

What do you mean by O-type tubes? Name some O-type Understand 4
29.
tubes.
30. List the parameters on which bunching depend on. Remember 4

31. Compare between two cavity klystron and reflex klystron? Analyze 4

32. State the advantages of TWT. Remember 4

33. State the effects of frequency rise in conventional tubes. Remember 4

Explain briefly about linear beam tubes and crossed field Understand 4
34.
tubes
35. Sketch the functional diagram of two-cavity amplifier. Apply 4

36. Compare drift space bunching and reflector bunching. Analyze 4

37. Compare magnetron and reflex klystron. Analyze 4

38. List the drawbacks of klystron amplifiers. Remember 4

39. What is the condition for oscillation in Reflex klystron? Understand 4

40. List different types of magnetrons. Remember 4

41. What are the performance characteristics of TWT? Understand 4

What are the desirable properties of slow wave structures to Understand 4
42.
be used in TWT amplifiers?
What do you mean by M-type tubes? Name some M-type Understand 4
43.
tubes.
Draw the schematic diagram of two cavity klystron Understand 4
44.
amplifier?
45. What is the need of slow wave structures in TWT? Understand 4

46. Write the basic modes of operation in magnetron? Understand 4

47. What is klystron tube? Remember 4

48. What is reflex klystron oscillator? Remember 4

UNIT - IV
Long Answer Questions:
S.No. Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. Explain the working Magnetron with π-mode oscillation. Understand 4

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 42
 What is meant by Avalanche Transit Time Devices? Explain Remember 4
2.
the operation, construction and Applications of IMPATT.
3. Explain avalanche transit time devices. Understand 4

4. Write short notes on “8 cavity magnetron” Understand 4

5. Explain Gunn effect using the two valley theory. Analyze 4

Derive the criterion for classifying the modes of operation Remember 4
6.
for Gunn effect diodes.
7. Describe the operation of IMPATT diode. Remember 4
Explain the physical structure and construction of IMPATT Analysis 4
8.
diodes.
9. Write short notes on LSA mode in GUNN diode. Understand 4
Derive the criterion for classifying the modes of operation Remember 4
10.
for Gunn effect diodes.
11. Describe the operation of TRAPATT diode. Remember 4

12. Describe the operation of BARITT diode. Understand 4

Short Answer Questions:

S.No. Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. What is transferred electron effect? Remember 4

2. What is negative resistance in Gunn diode? Remember 4

3. What are the applications of Microwave Solid-State Devices? Understand 4

4. What are the elements that exhibit Gunn Effect? Remember 4

5. Mention the applications of Gunn diode amplifier. Remember 4

6. Why magnetron is called as cross field devices? Understand 4

7. What are the types of magnetrons? Remember 4

8. Write short notes on negative resistance magnetron. Understand 4

9. State the power output and efficiency of magnetron. Understand 4

10. Write the applications of magnetron. Understand 4

11. What is GUNN effect? Understand 4

12. Explain transferred electron effect. Understand 4

13. What is the principle of TRAPATT diode? Remember 4

14. What is the principle of IMPATT diode? Remember 4

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 43
 15. What is the principle of BARITT diode? Remember 4

UNIT - V
Long Answer Questions:
S.No. Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
Explain the measurement of attenuation using power ratio Understand 6
1.
method with neat block diagram?
2. Explain Slotted line method for impedance measurement. Understand 5
Draw a neat diagram of microwave test bench and explain Understand 5
3.
about each block along with its features.
Explain the measurement of microwave power using Remember 6
4.
bolometer method.
5. Explain the measurement of phase shift. Remember 6

6. Explain the method of measurement of high VSWR. Understand 6

Explain the RF substitution method of measurement of Understand 6
7.
attenuation.
8. Explain the measurement of Q of a cavity resonator. Understand 6

9. Explain the frequency measurement techniques. Understand 6

What are the different techniques employed in measuring Remember 6
10.
impedance? Explain any one method.
Explain the measurement of frequency using wave meter Understand 6
11.
method.
Explain the high power measurements using calorimetric Understand 6
12.
method.

Short Answer Questions:

S.No. Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1. Define the method for measuring VSWR < 10? Remember 6
What is the principle of microwave frequency Remember 6
2.
measurement?
3. State various methods for measuring attenuation? Understand 6

4. Write the S-matrix for Isolator and Gyrator? Analyze 5

5. Write the S-matrix for E-Plane and H-Plane tee. Analyze 5

6. Write the s-matrix for directional coupler. Understand 5

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 44
 Define: i) Voltage standing wave ratio ii) Reflection Remember 5
7.
coefficient.
List the methods used for measuring the low and high Remember 6
8.
VSWR?
9. Write a short notes on power ratio method. Understand 6

10. Write short notes on RF substitution method. Understand 6

11. Write short notes on measurement of phase shift. Understand 6

12. List the devices used in microwave bench setup. Remember 6

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:

UNIT-I
1. Klystron operation is based on the principle of ___________ .
(a)velocity modulation (b)amplitude modulation
(c)frequency modulation (d) Phase modulation
Answer: (a) Velocity modulation

2. The following is not an application of varactor diode _________.

(a) Parametric amplifier (b) Frequency tuner
(c) Voltage controlled oscillator (d) Phase shifter
Answer: (a) Parametric amplifier

3. Slotted line with tunable probe is not used to measure __________.

(a) VSWR (b) wavelength (c) power (d) impedance
Answer: (b) wavelength

4. In a microwave magic-T, E plane and H plane are ______________.

(a) in phase (b) out of phase (c) isolated (d) None
Answer: (b) out of phase

5. Baretters and bolometers are used for measurement of ______________.

(a) VSWR (b) transmission losses (c) microwave power (d) frequency
Answer: (c) microwave power

6. Which of the following antennas exhibits circular polarization ____.

(a) small circular loop (b) folded dipole (c) helical (d) parabolic dish
Answer: (c) helical

7. Which of the following antenna is used as standard reference for calculating directive
gain _______.

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 45
 (a) half wave dipole (b) infinitesimal dipole
(c) elementary doublet (d) isotropic antenna
Answer: (d) isotropic antenna

8. Which of the following microwave diodes is suitable for very low power oscillations
applications only ______.
(a) tunnel (b) impatt (c) varactor (d) gunn
Answer: (a) tunnel

9. Which of the following antenna is obtained by modifying a waveguide ___.

(a) miscosrtip antenna (b) helical antenna (c) horn antenna (d) dipole antenna
Answer: (c) horn antenna

10. Which of the following is a microwave power amplifier ________.

(a) gunn diode (b) reflex klystron (c) magnetron (d) travelling wave tube
Answer: (c) magnetron

UNIT-II
1) Which device can detect the presence of both forward and backward waves in a wave
guide __________.
(a) filter (b) detector (c) directional coupler (d) magic T
Answer: (c) directional coupler

2) Which principle of operation of cavity wave meters is used in microwave networks

(a)phase shift (b) resonance (c) polarization shift (d) gyration
Answer: (b) resonance

3) In a magnetron oscillator the improvement of stability and efficiency is achieved by

_________ technique.(a) strapping (b)cross coupling (c) bunching (d) bouncing
Answer: (b) cross coupling

4) Which one of the following is used for amplification of microwave signals

(a) gunn diode (b) strapped magnetron (c) reflex klystron (d) double cavity klystron
Answer: (c) reflex klystron

5) In microwave communication links, what causes intense fading in the 18GHz band?
(a) snow (b) rain (c) fog (d) dust
Answer: (b) rain

6) Which of the following is a microwave source with a ‗cross field‘ structure

(a) double cavity klystron (b) reflex klystron (c) magnetron (d) travelling wave tube
Answer: (d) travelling wave tube

7) Which the following has the ‗negative resistance‘ characteristics

9a) reflex klystron (b) gunn diode (c) PNP transistor (d) magnetron

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 46
 Answer: (b) gunn diode

8) Which of the following devices is ‗hot electron‘ diode

(a) thermionic tube diode (b) schottky barrier diode
(c) Thomson deflection diode (d) thermal electron diode
Answer: (b) schottky barrier diode

9) In wave guide networks, there is a component which consists of an E-plane Tee

combined with an H-plane Tee? What this component generally known as?
(a) directional Tee (b) phased array Tee (c) coupler Tee (d) magic Tee
Answer: (d) magic Tee

UNIT-III
1. A rectangular waveguide of internal dimensions (a = 4 cm and b = 3 cm) is to be
operated in TE11 mode. The minimum operating frequency is
(a) 6.25 GHz (b) 6 GHz (c) 5 GHz (d) 3.75 GHz.
Answer: 6.25 GHz

2. At 20 GHz, the gain of a parabolic dish antenna of 1 meter and 70% efficiency is
(a)15 dB (b) 25 dB (c)35 dB (d) 45 dB
Answer: (d) 45 dB

3. An air-filled rectangular waveguide has inner dimensions of 3 cm # 2 cm. The wave

Impedance of the TE20 mode of propagation in the waveguide at a frequency of 30
GHz is (free space impedance η = 377 Ω).
(a) 308 Ω (b) 355 Ω © 400 Ω (d) 461 Ω
Answer: (c) 400 Ω

4. In a microwave test bench, why is the microwave signal amplitude modulated at 1kHz
(a) To increase the sensitivity of measurement
(b) To transmit the signal to a far-off place
(c) To study amplitude modulations
(d) Because crystal detector fails at microwave frequencies
Answer: (d)

5. To couple a coaxial line to a parallel wire line, it is best to use a __.

(a)slotted line (b) balun (c)directional coupler (d) /4 transformer.
Answer: (b) balun

UNIT-IV
1. The kinetic energy of the beam remains unchanged in the interaction between an
electron beam and an RF wave in a _____________.

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 47
 (a)multi-cavity klystron (b) cross-field amplifier
(c) travelling wave tube (d) gyratron
Answer: (c) travelling wave tube

2. Which one of the following is a transferred electron device?

(a)BARITT diode (b) IMPATT diode (c) GUNN diode (d)Step recovery diode
Answer: (c) GUNN diode

3. A waveguide section in a microwave circuit will act as ______filter.

(a)Low pass (b)Band pass (c) High pass (d)All pass
Answer: (c) High pass

4. In a klystron amplifier, the input cavity is called _____.

(a)buncher (b) catcher (c) pierce gun (d)collector
Answer: (a)buncher

UNIT-V
1. HEMT is used in the microwave circuit is a _________.
(a) Source (b)high power amplifier (c) low noise amplifier (d) detector
Answer: (c) low noise amplifier

2. A cavity resonator can be represented by _________ circuit.

(a) LC (b) LCR (c) lossy inductor (d) lossy capacitor
Answer: (a) LC

3. The noise produced in a microwaver tube due to random nature of emission and
electron flow is called _____________ noise.
(a) Partition (b) Shot (c) Johnson (d) Shannon
Answer: (b) Shot

4. Why is an attenuator is used in a TWT?

(a) To help bouncing (b) To prevent oscillations
(c) To prevent saturation (d) To increase gain
Answer: (b) To prevent oscillations

5. Which is the dominant mode in rectangular waveguides?

(a) TE10 (b) TE11 (c) TM01 (d) TM11.
Answer: (b) (a) TE10

XII. GATE QUESTIONS:

1. A reflex Klystron functions as _____________.

a) Microwave oscillator b) Microwave amplifier
c) Both as Microwave amplifier and oscillator d) A high gain cavity

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 48
Answer: a) Microwave oscillator

2. The modes in a reflex Klystron __________.

a) give the same frequency but different transit times
b) result from excessive transit time across the resonator gap
c) are caused by spurious frequency modulation
d) are just for theoretical considerations
Answer: a) give the same frequency but different transit times

3. Klystron operates on the principle of ________ modulation.

a) Amplitude b) Frequency c) Pulse d) Velocity
Answer: d) Velocity

4. In Microwave we take the elements as _______.

a) Lumped circuit elements b) Distributed circuit elements c) Both a) and b) d) None
Answer: b) Distributed circuit elements

5. Short term fading in microwave communication links can be overcome by _______.

a) Increasing the transmitted power b) Changing the antenna
c) Changing the modulation scheme d) Diversity reception and transmission
Answer: d) Diversity reception and transmission

6. For handling large microwave power, the best medium is __________.

a) Coaxial line b) Rectangular waveguide c) Stripline d) Circular waveguide
Answer: b) Rectangular waveguide

7. A Microwave tube amplifier uses an axial magnetic field and radial electric field. This is
the _________________.
a) Reflex Klystron b) Coaxial Magnetron
c) Travelling wave magnetron d) CFA-Crossed Field Amplifier
Answer: d) CFA-Crossed Field Amplifier

8. A disadvantage of microstrips with respect to stripline circuit is that the former: ______.
a) Do not let themselves to be printed-circuits
b) Are more likely to radiate
c) Are bulkier
d) Are more expensive and complex to manufacture
Answer: d) Are more expensive and complex to manufacture

9. Most of the power measuring microwave devices measure __________.

a) Average power b) Peak power c) Instantaneous power d) None of these
Answer: a) Average power

10. HEMT used in microwave circuit is a ___________.

a) Source b) High power amplifier c) Detector d) Low noise Amplifier

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 49
Answer: d) Low noise Amplifier

11. Ionospheric preparation is not possible for microwaves because ___________.

a) Microwaves will be fully absorbed by the ionospheric layers
b) There will be an abrupt scattering in all directions
c) Microwave will penetrate through the ionospheric layers
d) There will be dispersion of microwave energy
Answer: c) Microwave will penetrate through the ionospheric layers

12. A waveguide section in a microwave circuit will act as a ___________.

a) Low-pass filter b) Band-pass filter c) High-pass filter d) Band-reject filter
Answer: c) High-pass filter

13. The biggest advantage of the TRAPATT diode over the IMPATT diode is its _________.
a) Low noise b) Higher efficiency
c) Ability to operate at higher frequencies d) Lesser sensitivity to harmonics
Answer: b) Higher efficiency

14. A varactor diode may not be useful at microwave frequencies ______________.

a) For electronic tuning b) for frequency multiplication
c) as an oscillator d) As a parametric amplifier
Answer: c) as an oscillator

15. The negative resistance in a tunnel diode __________________.

a) is maximum at the peak point of the characteristic
b) is available between the peak and valley points
c) is maximum at valley point
d) may be improved by the use of reverse bias
Answer: b) is available between the peak and valley points

16. Which one of the following is a transferred electron device?

a) BARITT diode b) IMPATT diode c) Gunn diode d) Step recovery diode
Answer: c) Gunn diode

17. A PIN diode is suitable for use as a _____________.

a) Microwave switch b) Microwave mixed diode c) Microwave detector d) None
Answer: a) Microwave switch

18. The semiconductor diode which can be used in switching circuits at microwave range is:
a) PIN diode b) Tunnel diode c) Varactor diode d) Gunn diode
Answer: a) PIN diode

19. Microwave antenna aperture efficiency depends on __________________.

a) Feed Pattern b) Antenna Aperture c) Surface losses d) Low side lobe level

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 50
Answer: b) Antenna Aperture

20. The noise produced in a microwave tube due to random nature of emission and electron
flow is called _________________.
a) Partition noise b) Shot noise c) Johnson noise d) Shannon noise
Answer: b) Shot noise

XIII. WEBSITES:
1. http://www.microwaves101.com/
2. http://www.microwave-eetimes.com/
3. http://www.surrey.ac.uk/postgraduate/rf-and- microwave-engineering
4. http://www.rfcafe.com/references/magazine- links.htm

XIV. EXPERT DETAILS:

1. Dr. P. V. D. Somasekhar Rao (JNTUH)
2. Dr. T.Satya Savithri (JNTUH)
3. Mrs N Mangala Gouri (JNTUH)
4. Dr.D.Rama Krishna (O.U)
5. Dr.K.Chandra Bhushana Rao (JNTUK)
6. Dr. V. Sumalatha (JNTUA)
7. Dr. M.N Giriprasad (JNTUA)

XV. JOURNALS:

INTERNATIONAL
1. International Journal of Microwave Engineering
2. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering
3. International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology
4. International Journal of Advances in Microwave Technology
5. LFMTP'12 - Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Logical Frameworks
and Meta Languages, Theory and Practice
6. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo
Workshops, ICMEW 2012

NATIONAL
1. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies
2. ICTACT Journal On Communication Technology
3. Advance Wireless & Mobile Communication
4. IETE Journal Of Research
5. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology

XVI. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:

1. Simulation surrogate-based optimization

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 51
 2. Space mapping tuning surrogate model
3. High-fidelity model coarse model

XVII. CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS:

1. Computer-aided design (CAD)
2. Microwave design simulation-driven optimization electromagnetic (EM)
3. Designing of Power Divider using Micro Strip.
4. Designing of Magic Tee.
5. Designing of Hybrid 3dB Coupler.

IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 52