FORENSIC SCIENCE AND

MEDICAL
JURISPRUDENCE
UNIT 1
Origin and Development of Forensic Science

• Forensic science - origin and development –

• importance of forensic science in criminal
investigation.
WHAT IS FORENSIC SCIENCE
• Forensic science can be defined as the application of science
to law.
• Significance of science in crime investigations.
• Criminal investigation can be defined as an inquiry into a
particular crime. Because science plays such an important role,
forensic science supplies information that is accurate and
objective. In other words we could say that forensic science is
the application of science to criminal and civil laws that are
enforced by the criminal justice system.
• The term criminalistics is often used in place of the term
forensics.
• Criminalistics can be defined as a professional and scientific
discipline which involves the recognition, identification,
individualization, and analysis of physical evidence by
application of the natural sciences in criminal matters.
• Criminology, is not the same as criminalistics. It is the
scientific study of crime and the criminal.
• The crime scene investigator, when looking for a motive, will
begin to shift from criminalistics to criminology. The following
units will not focus on criminology, but rather the crime scene
from an objective and scientific point of view.
The History of Forensics
• Its origins are owed to those first individuals that developed
and fine-tuned the principles needed to identify and compare
physical evidence. There have been many scientists who have
contributed great advances in this field. Some of the better
known are :
1. Mathieu Orfila (1787 – 1853) considered to be the father of
forensic toxicology
2. Alphonse Bertillion (18953 – 1914) devised first system of
personal identification
3. Francis Galton (1822 – 1911) development of fingerprinting
and classification
4. Leone Lattes (1887 – 1954) discovered blood grouping
5. Calvin Goddard ( 1891 – 1955) ballistics comparisons
6. Albert O. Osborn (1858 – 1946) document examination
7. Walter C. McCrone (1916 – 2002) analytical technology
8. Hans Gross (1847 – 1915) application of scientific disciplines
9. Edmond Locard (1877 - 1966) Locard’s Exchange Principle
• Edmond Locard is probably the most well known because of
his discovery of the exchange principle.
When a criminal came in contact with an object or person, a
cross-transfer of evidence occurred. His basic principle of
forensic science stated that a criminal always takes something to
the scene of a crime and always leaves something there.

He believed that every criminal could be connected to a crime by

dust particles carried from the crime scene. This concept was
reinforced by successful and well-publicized investigations.
FORENSIC SCIENCE TIMELINE
• 700s - Chinese used fingerprints to establish identity of
documents and clay sculptures, but without any formal
classification system.
• ca.1000- Bloody palm prints were meant to frame a blind man
of his mother’s murder.
• 1149- Idea of having a coroner was started by King Richard of
England
• 1248- A Chinese book contains a description of how to
distinguish drowning from strangulation. This was the first
recorded application of medical knowledge to the solution of
crime.
• 1447- Missing teeth used to identify the body of the French Duke of
Burgundy
• 1599- Beginnings of the modern microscope developed.
• 1609 - The first treatise on systematic document examination was
published.
• 1686 - A professor of anatomy noted fingerprint characteristics.
However, he made no mention of their value as a tool for individual
identification.
• 1670- First simple microscope with powerful lenses created.
• 1732 -The basis of lie detection equipment made possible with the
discovery that the human nervous system transmits information
electronically.
• 1776- Body of a U.S. general is identified by Paul Revere who
made his false teeth.
• 1784 - In England a man was convicted of murder on the basis of
the torn edge of a wad of newspaper in a pistol matching a
remaining piece in his pocket. This was one of the first
documented uses of physical matching.
• Ca1800s - An English naturalist used engravings of his own
fingerprints to identify books he published.
• 1807- Forensic Science Institute was established in Scotland.
• 1810- The first recorded use of questioning document analysis. A
chemical test for a particular ink dye was applied to a document.
• 1814- First scientific paper on the detection of poisons published.
• 1823- Whorls, ellipses and triangular description and a
classification system is developed based on nine major types. The
individualizing potential for fingerprinting is not recognized yet
• 1835- The first bullet comparison was used to catch a murderer.
• 1836 - Method for the detection of arsenic poison is developed.
• 1849 - Bones and teeth remains used as evidence of murder.
• 1850 - First private detective agency in the U.S. set up by Allan
Pinkerton.
• 1862- 63 - First presumptive blood was developed.
• 1864 - Photography used for the identification of criminals and
documentation of evidence and crime scenes.
• 1877 - Markings on the palms and fingertips used for identification in
criminal cases.
• 1879 - System of identifying people by special body measurements.
• 1880 - First criminological use of fingerprints
• 1888- First hand-help camera invented by American George
Eastman.
• 1889 - System of matching bullets to the gun that fired it.
• 1892 - Scientific classification of fingerprints developed.
• 1895 - X-rays discovered.
• 1901 - Basic blood groups are identified.
• 1903 - New York City Police Department began fingerprint files
of arrested persons.
• 1905 - FBI established.
• 1906 - Bite marks found at scene of the crime first used as
evidence in court.
• 1910 - First comprehensive hair study.
• 1920 Weapon manufacture data is categorized.
• 1920s Tool mark comparison used.
• 1921 First polygraph (lie detector) developed.
• 1924 First U.S. police crime laboratory.
• 1932 FBI forensic science laboratory established.
• 1940s Ways of comparing teeth from a corpse with dental
records
• 1941 Voice print identification technique developed.
• 1950 Tape lift method of collecting trace evidence.
• 1954 Breath analyzer for field sobriety testing developed.
• 1957 Skeletal growth stages, the basis of Forensic
Anthropology identification.
• 1960 First laser design used to identify fingerprints.
• 1967 Tests for dried bloodstains developed.
• 1971 Photo-fit enabling witnesses to piece together facial features
developed
• 1980 Method developed for detecting DNA differences.
• 1983 First use of personal computers in U.S. police control cars
provide quick information from National Crime Information Centre.
• 1984 Genetic profiling using DNA developed.
• 1987 First time DNA evidence used to get a conviction in the U.S.
• 1991 Automated imaging system developed to compare marks
left on fired bullets, cartridge cases, and shell casings.
• 1996 FBI introduces computerized searches of a fingerprint
database.
FORENSIC SCIENCE
• Application of science into law – criminal and civil cases.
• Enforced by police agencies
• Helps in criminal justice system.

• Why?
• Due to growth of society- regulation of law and order required.
• FORENSIC- LATIN WORD – FORENSIS
ENGLISH WORD – FORUM , MEANS AN
OPEN COURT
OTHER NAME - CRIMINALISTICS
AREA
1. FORENSIC SCIENCE STANDARDS BOARD
• Legal research Committee
• Human Factors Committee
• Quality infrastructure Committee

A. BIOLOGY/DNA
• Bio-data interpretation and reporting
• Biological Methods
• Wildlife forensics, etc
 B. Chemistry/ Instrumental Analysis
• Fire debris and explosives
• Geological materials
• Gunshot residue
• Materials trace
• Seized drugs
• Toxicology

C. Physics/Pattern Interpretation
• Blood stain pattern analysis
• Firearms and toolmarks
• Footware and tyre
• Forensic document examination
• Friction Ridge (finger print)
 D. CRIME SCENE/ DEATH INVESTIGATION
• Anthroplology
• Disaster victim identification
• Dogs and sensors
• Crime scene investigation
• Fire and explosion investigation
• Medico- legal death investigation
• Odontology
E. DIGITAL MEDIA
• Digital evidence
• Facial Identification
• Speaker recognition
• Video imaging technic and analysis
• SHERLOCK HOLMES – BY SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE
Idea of SEROLOGY- analysis of body fluid, firearms identification,
questioned document examination.
And it was accepted by real life criminal investigators.

A Study in Scarlet, 1887

• APPLICATION OF – PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY

• INVESTIGATION –
• Evidence collected at crime scene
• Analysis in forensic laboratory
• Results presented in court.
• YOU ARE A SELF POTRAIT- DIARY
Hair strand- drug you used
Stomach lining
Callus on hand/ leg – secret
Teeth, Accent, Wrinkles

EVERYTHING YOU DO, SHOWS YOUR HAND

 BRANCHES OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
1. DNA ANALYSIS- strong evidence,
Used to match the suspect/ victim/person
Uses- hair, skin, semen, urine, blood, saliva, body remains in case
of burn etc.
2. TRACE EVIDENCE ANALYSIS
Finds levels to perpetrator- considering human/ animal hair, rope,
soil, fabric fibre, feather, building material etc.
3. FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
Presence of poisonous substance and effect on the individual.
4. FORENSIC PSYCOLOGY
Application of psychology to legal criminal matters.
E.g. psychological autopsy

5. FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
Examination of death body to determine cause of death- natural,
criminal or accidental. Examining wound to identify weapon.

6. FORENSIC LINGUISTICS
Application of linguistic knowledge to analyse written and spoken
language of a suspect to know about his/her personality.
7. FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
Study of insects and other arthropods like centipedes, millipedes and
crustaceans to know the death time and solve cases.

8. FORENSIC BOTONY
Study of leaves, flowers, wood, fruits, seeds, pollen for criminal
investigation.

9. FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
Focus on human skeleton – identifying individual and cause of death.
Determine age, sex, race, physique from bones or bone fragments.
10. DIGITAL FORENSIC
Extraction and analysis of digital evidence.

11. FORENSIC BALLISTICS

Analysis of bullets, bullet marks, shell casings, gunpowder
residue etc when firearms are used.
 SKILLS REQUIRED
• OBSERVATIONAL SKILLS
• EVIDENCE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
- Method
- Accurate
• SCEPTICISM

• FORENSIC SCIENTIST – Good eyesight, sharp mins,

examination skill, analysis of crime- scene and evidences
 TOOL KIT
• CRIME SCENE TAPE – secure the scene
• CAMERA, FILM – photograph scene and evidence
• GAUGES- place in photos to allow for recording of scale
• SKETCH PADS AND PENS – scene sketches
• DISPOSABLE PROTECTIVE CLOTHES, FACE MASKS,
GLOVES MADE OF LATEX
• TORCH, LIGHT SOURCES- laser, uv, infra-red for special
vision
• MAGNIFYING GLASSES
• TWEEZERS= collect hair, fibres
• COTTON WOOL BUDS, COTTON SWABS- fluid evidence
• EVIDENCE BAGS- plastic , paper
• EVIDENCE TUBES- plastic and glass
marker pens are used to label, easy transport and storage
• FINGERPRINT SUPPLIES- ink, print cards, lifting tape, dusting
powder and exposing reagents like luminol.
• CASTING KITS- casts of shoe/ footwear prints, animal prints,
tyres and tool markings.
CRIME SCENE PROCEDURES
• PRESERVING LIFE
• SUSPECTS AT THE SCENE
• CONTROLLING THE SCENE - not to contaminate the scene
• Functions of police- investigate- crime – sophisticated.
• Scientific methods used
• Study of material evidence as known as objective evidence or
physical evidence- where latest scientific tools and techniques
are applied.

• 1. WHAT HAPPENED
• 2. WHERE IT HAPPENED
• 3. WHEN IT HAPPENED
• 4. WHO WAS INVOLVED

• BUT NOT WHY IT HAPPENED

• FORENSIC SCIENTIST – translate legal inquiry into
appropriate scientific questions and advice the
INVESTIGATING OFFICER/ JUDICIARY.
INSTITUTIONS PROVIDING SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATING AIDS TO THE
INVESTIGATING OFFICERS
Forensic science laboratory

• Each State has FSL

• In FSL there are generally 12 sections for examination of
physical evidence, their examinations/ functions are:

• IN all States- REGIONAL FORENSIC SCIENCE

LABORATORY- examination of physical evidence related to
TOXICOLOGY, SEROLOGY, CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY sections
1. BALLISTICS- firearms, parts of it, cartridges, bullets, pellets, wads
etc
2. BIOLOGY- Hair, fibre, diatoms, plant material, skull etc.
3. CHEMISTRY- explosives, residues, components, arson, fire residue,
adulteration in petrol, diesel, motor oil, acid burn cases etc.
4. COMPUTER FORENSICS- analysis of computer, storage media for
detection of fraud, web hacking, virus, pornography, etc
5. DNA PROFILING- liquid blood. Blood stains, swabs, semen, tissue,
bone, hair, saliva, skeleton, disputed paternity etc
6. DOCUMENTS- handwriting, signatures, initials, numerals, erasing,
alterations, overwriting, secret writing, printed matters, photocopy
ink, stamp impression etc.
7. FORENSIC ENGINEERING – video authentication, speaker
identification, road/train accident material
• 8. NARCOTICS- suspected powders, liquids, plant products,
adultered toddy, liquor etc.
• 9. PHYSICS- glass, paints, footprints, shoe prints, tyre
impressions, tool marks, counterfeit etc.
• 10. POLYGRAPH- statement given by suspects are true or not
• 11. SEROLOGY- blood, semen, saliva, body fluids.
• 12. TOXICOLOGY- viscera and body fluids to detect poison
present, plant material poisons, syringes, needles, tablets,
powders, bone ashes, vomits etc,
SIGNIFICANCE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN
CRIMININAL INVESTIGATION
A key element of Forensic Investigation
1. Crime Scene
A crime scene is the place where a particular crime occurred or
where evidence of the crime was found when the police were
first reported.
This is the beginning of the detective providing himself with
inform ation about the victim and suspects and reconstructing
the crime.
The event cannot be limited to a single place. It can be
connected to one or more locations. In addition, depending on
the nature of the crime, it will not be limited to the current
environment but will be in a wider area. In a minor crime such as
theft, the area can be divided into five parts, such as:
In a minor crime such as theft, the area can be divided into five
parts, such as:
1. Line of approach
2. Point of entry;
3. Actual scene;
4. Point of exit
5. Line of retreat.
• Crime Prevention –
Crime prevention is the most important duty of the police. It is
the responsibility of the first person to arr ive at the scene to
protect the situation from bystanders and curious family
members. Nothing on the site will be altered or changed until the
necessary information is provided by the researchers. When a
part of the body is displaced, it cannot return to its original
position, making the work of researchers very difficult when
touched or manipulated.
• Document the Crime Scene –
After immediately securing the crime scene, investigators need
to collect additional evidence. He should seek the assistance of
two reliable witnesses, preferably near the scene of the crime, as
their presence wil l strengthen the prosecution during trial.
Despite what is said in the book, no evidence can be collected, t
ouched or corrupted.
• Forensics Fundamentals
Forensic investigation involves the scientific examination of evidence
collected at the scene of a crime.
Forensic science assists law enforcement by providing accurate,
objective analysis of criminal evidence. It helps to identify the
defendant, investigate the duration and understand the nature of the
crime.
Forensic science does not replace traditional research methods, it is a
complement to them. Authorities combine traditional investigative
methods, such as interviews and observations, with forensic science
to provide a method and the most accurate findings. Forensic
investigation is most effective when it supports and confirms
conclusions through testimony and other evidence.
Role of forensic science in criminal
investigation
1. Crime Investigation and Investigation
Forensic science is performed at the crime scene and detailed
analysis is performed under expert supervi sion. They accurately
identify, collect and collect physical evidence including
fingerprints, blood, hair, c lothing, weapons and more. Experts
reconstructed the pattern of events that led to the abuse, taking
into account the environment and patterns of evidence. This
process forms the basis for establishing the resea rch principle.
• 2. Collection and preservation of evidence
The collection and preservation of evidence should be done in
accordance with good practice. Forensic e xperts ensure that
evidence is managed to the best of their ability to prevent it from
being contaminated, destroyed or used. All certificates passed
through the documents have been verified and approved as gen
uine and visible to the jury. Regular evidence testing involves
thinking about the preservation and transp ortation of evidence from
the scene of the crime to the forensics or laboratory and finally to
the courts. T he effective collection and preservation of forensic
evidence plays an important role in supporting the cr edibility and
integrity of the criminal justice system. These interventions promote
justice and protect indi vidual rights or immunity by helping to
ensure that evidence is appropriately examined and presented in
the court process.
• 3. Laboratory Analysis
An improvement in laboratory analysis will be made based on
the evidence collected. Many specialties i n forensic science are
beginning to make an impact, including DNA analysis, toxicology,
ballistics, and digital forensics. Experts use advanced equipment
and technology to carefully analyze evidence. For exa mple,
DNA testing can link victims, victims, or crime scenes, while
toxicology testing can detect the pre sence of drugs or toxins in
the body
• 4. Fingerprint Examination
Fingerprint examination is an important part of forensic science.
Pattern identification of bumps on the s kin creates a unique
fingerprint for each person. Forensic experts link latent
fingerprints at the scene to known fingerprints on file to begin
making a connection to the suspect. This model has proven to
be important in many cases, creating a connection between the
individual and the field.
• 5. Uncovering Digital Viruses
• Digital signatures have become an essential part of today's
criminal investigation, and forensics is still i mportant in
uncovering complex networks of digital evidence. As crime
increases in electronic footprint s, forensic experts are taking
advantage of this digital technology by using the latest
technology and cutti ng tools to extract, analyze and analyze
the electronic evidence left behind by criminals. The combinatio
n of technology and analysis has made forensic science a vital
tool for extracting digital evidence and un covering today's
crimes.
• 6. Decoding gun evidence
• In the field of forensic science, detailed analysis of ballistic
evidence is a decisive analysis method that c an reveal the
source understanding of armed crime situations. Ballistic tests
require careful examination of the bullet, its casing, and the
unique pattern it leaves behind. By following modern scientific
methods and techniques, forensic experts can uncover these
subtle signs, clarify the true nature of a dangerous sit uation
and support the overall understanding of the scene.
• 7. Forensic Anthropology Specialization
Forensic Anthropology focuses on the identification of human
remains, especially in deteriorating cases. Experts examine the
skeletons to determine age, gender, appearance and possible
cause of death. This in formation helps identify the victims and
predispose to their deaths.
• 8. Crime Scene Reconstruction
Forensic experts reconstruct the crime scene by combining
evidence, investigations and scientific analys is. The system
allows police to understand the process of the crime, the role of
the people involved and p ossible targets. Crime mitigation helps
researchers and legal experts develop legal explanations.
• 9. Expert evidences the statements of experts, especially
experts in the field of investigation and forensic medicine, have
an i mportant place in the judicial process. With their deep
knowledge and extensive training, these individua ls play an
important role in facilitating the understanding of the science
and evidence presented to judges and panels. The
combination of intelligence and employment law helps expert
witnesses provide honest and informed opinions, bridging the
gap between complex criminal investigations and the
understanding of those chosen to prosecute.
• 10. Reviving Unsolved Cases
Legal provisions supporting criminal
investigation
• .Many people argue that fingerprint and DNA identification
violates Article 20(3). They argue that forcing the prosecution
to give fingerprints is like the prosecution giving them evidence.
However, in Bombay State High Court v. Kathi Kalu Ogad and
Anr, 1961 said that forcing a person to produce documentary
evidence such as fingerprints, blood,semen does not violate
the provisions of Article 20(3).
• Section 73 of the Indian Evidence Act states that everyone,
including the accused, must give fingerprint or DNA test.
• Another debate is about drug use and its legal validity.
Narcotics analysis is a new field in criminal investigation. But
the question is whether the evidence from the drug test is
admissible in court. In thi s way, the investigator tries to get
some words from an unconscious person that can be used as
evide nce. This process has many legal and ethical problems.
Some consider this to be a violation of Art. Article 20 of the
Constitution of India.
• Bombay High Court in Ramchandra Reddy and Ors., 2004
Maharashtra supports legalizing polygraph test s and drug
tests. But as for Selvey and Ors. v. State of Karnataka and Anr.,
2010. The court ruled that those who spoke during the mental
health report or drug test were untrue, and therefore the
decision should be deemed invalid.
 Key Components of Forensic Investigation:

1. Crime Scene
2. Preservation of the Crime Scene
3. Recording of the Crime Scene
Recording of Crime Scene

• Recording evidence in the presence of two independent

reliable witnesses, preferably from the neighbourhood of
the crime scene, as their presence will strengthen the case
of prosecution at the time of trial.
 • (a) Recording of notes:
1. The date and time of the FIR
2. The nature of crime.
3. Location of crime scene and a brief description of the area.
4. Brief facts of the crime
5. The names of all officers, witnesses, investigators and special
Personnel at the crime scene.
6. The names of personnel, who took the photography, fingerprints,
Sketches, etc.
7. The weather and lighting condition at the time of recording the
scene
8. A description of the interior and exterior of the crime scene,
number of room, door, windows, etc.
9. The location and collection of evidence.
10. The date & time of completion of recording and examination of
the crime scene.
 b. Sketching the crime scene:
• Done there,
• Distance must be accurate
• Objects should be rightly captured

• (c) Photography of the crime scene:

• During 1986 a series of the rapes and assaults occurred in
Orlando, Florida, that resulted in the first use of the DNA in the
criminal investigation cases in this country. The crimes shared
a common pattern: the attacks occurred after the midnight, in
the victims’ homes, by knife-wielding perpetrator. The
perpetrator was quick to cover the eyes of the victims with a
sheet or blanket, so none of them could give the detailed
descriptions of their assailant. During early 1987, the
investigators were staking out a neighbourhood in which it was
believed that the rapist might strike saw a blue 1979 Ford
speeding out of the area. They followed the car for a short
distance before it crashed into a utility pole while making a turn.
• In Bazari Hajam v King Emperor the question arose whether it
would be safe to act on the uncorroborated testimony of the
fingerprints and declare the guilt of the accused. On this point
Bucknill, J, observed thus: “I think that apart from the fact that I
should be rather sorry without any corroborative circumstances
to convict a person of a serious crime solely and entirely upon
similarity of the thumb marks or finger prints, the very fact of
the taking of a thumb-impression from an accused person for
the purpose of the possible manufacture of the evidence by
which he could be incriminated is in itself sufficient to warrant
one in setting aside the conviction upon the understanding and
assumption that such was not really a fair trial as well.”
• Rejecting the contention that the study of the footprints is not a
science in Din Muhammad v Emperor, Central Provinces Police
Gazette , the court of the Judicial Commissioner at Nagpur (H J
Stanyon and H F Hallifax, A J Cs) as far back as in 1914 held: “The
knowledge of the footprints has similarly been systematized and
pursued by the trackers, mainly uncivilized and ignorant people an
all the other respects, all over the world. The matter is therefore
undoubtedly a science and opinion of a person especially skilled in it
is a relevant fact, under Sec-45 of the Evidence Act”. In the case of
Pritam Singh v State of Punjab there is an observation to the effect
that the science of identification by the footprints is a rudimentary
science and much reliance cannot be placed on the result of such
identification.
• In Harpal Singh vs State Of H.P, the fact in issue was about
the age of the girl, the age of the girl was ascertained by
scientific techniques the same result obtained by that of the
medical tests was then corroborated with those of the records
of the school which was certified by that of the headmaster and
also by the entry in the birth register
• The case which brought DNA controversy to the forefront in the
Indian Legal System was rape and murder of Priyadarshani
Matoo. At trail stage, this case relied upon the DNA tests of
vaginal swabs of the deceased, which later came to be positive
and made ends of justice meet. (CBI vs Santosh Singh)
• Tandoor Murder Case (1995) Delhi,
• this was the first criminal case in India solved by the help of forensics. In
this case Shusil Sharma murdered his wife by firing bullets in to her body
because of the misunderstanding that she had illicit relationship with her
classmate and fellow congress worker Matloob Karim. After committing the
sinful act he took her body in his car to the Bagiya restaurant, where he
along with the manager of restaurant Keshav Kumar attempted to burn her
in a tandoor there. Police recovered Sharma’s revolver and blood-stained
clothes and sent them to Lodhi Road forensic laboratory. They also took
blood sample of Sahni's parents, Harbhajan Singh and Jaswant Kaur and
sent them to Hyderabad for a DNA test. Lab reports Confirmed that the
body was that of wife of shusil sharma, the DNA report said, "The tests
prove beyond any reasonable doubt that the charred body is that of
NainaSahni who is the biological offspring of Mr. Harbhajan Singh and Jas
want Kaur." And finally Mr. Shusil Sharma was found guilty with the help of
forensic evidences.
• Sister Abhaya murder case (1995) Kerala
• The Sister Abhaya Case is a case regarding the death of a
Knanaya Roman Catholicnun, who was found dead in a water
well in St Pius X convent in Kottayam, India, on 27 March
1992. During the investigation of this case various scientific
techniques like Narco-analysis, Brain Mapping, Polygraphic
tests were used to solve this case and finally two priests were
held liable for the rape and murder of sister Abhaya
• AarushiTalwar murder case (2013) Noida
AarushiTalwar, the 14-year-old daughter of a successful dentist
couple, was found dead with her throat slit in her parents home
at JalvayuVihar in Noida, a posh suburb of Delhi. Suspicion
immediately fell on the family's live-in man-servant, Yam Prasad
Banjade alias Hemraj, a 45 year old Nepalese national, who was
found missing from the home. But later on after the
investigations were complete it was seen that the murder was
committed by her own parents and declared as a case of honour
killing