TYPESOFCOMPUTER

NETWORKS

WhatisNetwork?
• A network consists of two or more computers
 thatarelinkedinordertoshareresources(such as
printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow
electronic communications.

• The computers on a network may be linked

throughcables,telephonelines,radiowaves,
satellites, or infrared light beams.
 DifferentTypesofNetworks
• Dependinguponthegeographicalareacovered
by a network, it is classified as:

– LocalAreaNetwork(LAN)

– MetropolitanAreaNetwork(MAN)

– WideAreaNetwork (WAN)

– PersonalAreaNetwork(PAN)
 LocalAreaNetwork(LAN)
• A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among
computerdevices,usuallywithinanofficebuildingorhome.

• LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or

hardwaredevicesthatmaybeneededbymultipleusers
•
• Islimitedinsize,typicallyspanningafewhundredmeters, and
no more than a mile

• Isfast,withspeedsfrom10Mbpsto10Gbps

• Requireslittlewiring,typicallyasinglecableconnectingto
eachdevice

• HaslowercostcomparedtoMAN’sorWAN’s
 LocalAreaNetwork(LAN)
• LAN’s can be either wired or wireless. Twisted pair,
coaxorfibreopticcablecanbeusedinwiredLAN’s.

• EveryLANusesaprotocol–asetofrulesthatgoverns how
packets are configured and transmitted.

• NodesinaLANarelinked togetherwithacertain
topology.Thesetopologiesinclude:
– Bus
– Ring
– Star

• LANsarecapableofveryhightransmissionrates(100s
Mb/s to G b/s).
• Types of LAN
• LAN is classified in to four categories based on the
distribution methods .
• They are called Ethernet of the LAN where a network
is created as wired token ring.'Token ring' for
connecting the devices in a circular ring pattern with
the help of a token passed through the network for
enabling the connection, Token bus for connecting
the devices using coaxial cables and tokens ,FDDI or
Fiber Distributed Data Interface for faster network
connectivity via optical fiber cables and copper cables.
• 1 Ethernet :-it is a network protocol that controls how
data is transferred over a LAN
• • In this type of LAN the user is able to transfer data at
a rate of more than 10 megabits per second.
• • it is used in wired LAN.
• 2 Token ring:- it is a type of LAN in each all devices are
connected in a ring arrangement
• • all the devices are connected in a circle and they
receive a token as per their requirements.
• • A token is used to avoid collision of data. It is of 3
bytes and keeps on traveling in the ring of serveres or
work stations.
• The details of the three 1-byte fielder of a free token
frames are:
• 1: Starting Deltmiter (SD) :it signals the beginning of
the token frame.
• 2. Access Control (AC): contains priority field,
 reservation field, a token bit, and a monitor bit.
• 3 Ending Delimiter (ED):- it refers to the end of the
token frame.
3 Token bus
• it's also a type of LAN developed by IBM.
• Token bus standard uses copper cables which are
coaxial for connecting multiple devices to the main large
computer or work stations.The coaxial cable acts as the
common communication bus.
• it is similar to the token ring network but the difference
is that the ends of the network do not meet each other to
form a ring.But the network gets terminated at both
ends.
4 Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
• it's a LAN standard used for data transmission via
optical media.
• used for long distance networks.
• uses optical fiber and copper cable.
Characteristics of LAN networks
Here are important characteristics of a LAN network:
Itisaprivatenetwork,soanoutsideregulatorybodynevercon
trolsit.
LANoperatesatarelativelyhigherspeedcomparedtoother
WANsystems.
There are various kinds of media access control methods
like token ring and ethernet.

LocalAreaNetwork(LAN)
 AdvantagesofLAN
• Speed

• Cost

• Security

• E-mail

• ResourceSharing
 DisadvantagesofLAN
• ExpensiveToInstall

• RequiresAdministrativeTime

• FileServerMayFail

• CablesMayBreak
 MetropolitanAreaNetwork(MAN)
• Ametropolitan area network (MAN)is alarge
computernetworkthatusuallyspansacityora
large campus.

• A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical

areathanaLAN,rangingfromseveralblocksof
buildings to entire cities.

• A MAN might be owned and operated by a

singleorganization, butitusuallywillbeused
by many individuals and organizations.
 MetropolitanAreaNetwork(MAN)
• AMANoftenactsasahighspeednetworkto
allow sharing of regional resources.

• AMANtypicallycoversanareaofbetween5
and 50 km diameter.

• Examples of MAN: Telephone company

networkthatprovidesahighspeedDSLto
customers and cableTV network.
MetropolitanAreaNetwork(MAN)
 WideAreaNetwork(WAN)
• WAN covers a large geographic area such as
country,continentorevenwholeoftheworld.

• A WAN is two or more LANs connected

together.TheLANscanbemanymilesapart.

• Tocovergreatdistances,WANsmaytransmit
data over leased high-speed phone lines or
wireless links such as satellites.
 WideAreaNetwork(WAN)
• Multiple LANs can be connected together
using devices such as bridges, routers, or
gateways,whichenablethemtosharedata.

• Theworld'smostpopularWANistheInternet.
WideAreaNetwork(WAN)
 PersonalAreaNetwork(PAN)
• A PAN is a network that is used for
communicatingamongcomputersandcomputer
devices (including telephones) in close
proximityofaroundafewmeterswithinaroom

• It can be used for communicating between the

devicesthemselves,orforconnectingtoalarger
network such as the internet.

• PAN’scanbewiredorwireless
 PersonalAreaNetwork(PAN)
• Apersonalareanetwork(PAN)isacomputer
network used for communication among
computer devices, including telephones and
personal digital assistants, in proximity to an
individual's body.

• Thedevicesmayormaynotbelongtothe
person in question. The reach of a PAN is
typically a few meters.
PersonalAreaNetwork(PAN)
Advantages of computer networks

File sharing: You can easily share data between different users, or access it remotely if you keep it on other connected devices.

Resource sharing: Using network connected peripheral devices like printer, scanner and copiers or sharing software between multiple users saves
money.

Staff can deal with more customer in less time.

Business become more efficient File sharing: You can easily share data between different users, or access it remotely if you keep it on other
connected devices.

Resource sharing: Using network connected peripheral devices like printer, scanner and copiers or sharing software between multiple users saves
money.

Staff can deal with more customer in less time.

Business become more efficient

 13

The use of computer networks in marketing and sales

*Computer networks are used extensively in both marketing and sales organization. Marketing professionals use them to collect,exchange and
examine data related to customer requires and product development cycle.

Sales application includes teleshopping, which uses order entry computers or telephones linked to order processing network, and online reservation
service for hotels, airlines and so on.

Computer networks are used in marketing and sales in variety of ways, including

• Customer relationship management (CRM):- systems help business manage their relationship with customers, track their interaction, and provide
personalized service. Computer networks allow CRM systems to be accessed from anywhere, which makes it easier for sales and marketing team to
stay connected with customers.

• Marketing automation:- it helps businesses automate their marketing campaign, such as email marketing, social marketing, and website
marketing. Computer networks allow marketing automation software to be integrated with other business systems, such as, CRM systems and e-
commerce platforms.

•sales force automation:- it helps businesses manage their sales teams, track their performance, and close deals more efficiently. Computer
networks allow SFA software to be accessed from anywhere, which makes it easier for sales teams to stay connected with customers and close deals
on the go.

•E-commerce:- it allows businesses to sell products and services online. Computer networks are essential for e-commerce, as they allow businesses
to connect with customers from all over the world.

•Data analytics:- Data analytics tools help business track their marketing and sales performance, and identity opportunities for improvement.
Computer networks allow data analytics tools to be integrated with other business systems, which makes it easier for businesses to collect and
analyze data.
* The use of computer networks in marketing and sales has revolutionized the way businesses reach and engage with customers. Through online
platforms, companies can promote their products or services, target specific demographics, and analyze consumer behavior to tailor their marketing
strategies. By utilizing data analytics and Customer relationship management systems, business can track customer interactions, personalize
marketing efforts, and ultimately increase sales.

Additionaly, social media has become a powerful tool for sales and marketing, allowing companies to connect with a large audience in real-time and
create viral marketing campaigns. Overall, the integration of computer networks in marketing and sales has provided businesses with new
opportunities to reach and engage customers in more effective and efficient