DETERMINERS

Group 2 :

1. Florencia Ananda Gulo (222102027)

2. Felnas Halawa (222102023)
3. Theodora Vinta Sukartini Nazara (192108090)
4. Clara Triliana Harefa (222102010)
5. Revita Niskar Zalukhu (192108070)

Subject :
BASIC GRAMMAR

Lecturer :
Hidayati Daeli, S.Pd., M.Pd.

UNIVERSITAS NIAS
FACULTY OF FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
2022
 CHAPTER I

DISCUSSIONS

A. DEFENITION OF DETERMINERS

There are some definition of determiners according to expert:

1. Altenberg and Robert, (2010:45) “that Determiners are words that can appear directly
before nouns tell us a bit more about that noun, and introduce it”.
The determiners are underlined in the sentences below, with the following noun in bold:
 I milked the cow.
 It is Harry’s turn.
 They bought that house.
 John has more money.
2. Setiawan, (2020:1) “that Determiners are words that are placed before a noun and
function to modify the meaning of the noun. Determiners consist of : aricle ,
demonstrative , possessive , quantifler and number”.
3. Cambridge Dictionary, “Determiners is a word that you can use to designate an object ,
either physically or quantitatively . The use of determiners can indicate the shape , size ,
or number of objects more specifically ( Merriem - Webster ). Determiners are words,
such as the, my, this, some, twenty, each, any, which are used before nouns”.
4. Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as “a word such as the, some, my, ect. That
before noun to show how the noun is being used”.

Determiner is a member of a class of words used to modify nouns equivalents.

Determiners help clarify what a noun is referring to and are typically placed before
descriptive adjectives. In essence, this word class is included in the "Adjective" word class.
However, it is more specific to describe the quantity of an object or to give a noun to which
it refers.
Determiners are words used to explain / clarify nouns. The word / part of speech is
placed in front of the noun to clarify what the noun refers to. The use of determiners is to
 introduce context to a noun. Providing context can be in the form of quantity (three apples)
or ownership (my apple). In a sentence, the presence of determiners will help you in carry
out daily conversations, because under various conditions the absence of determiners will
actually make the sentence incomplete. Determiners always apply at the beginning of a noun
phrase and only apply to one type of determiner component, so there are no multiple
determiners. Not everything that is placed in front of a noun is a determiner, but an adjective
can also be placed in front of a noun. The difference is that adjectives are used to show
adjectives in more specific sentences such as beautiful and have a degree of comparison,
while determiners are not.

B. CHARACTERISTIC OF DETERMINERS
Characteristic of determiners according to expert:
1. Ayu Rini, (2008) “divided into; the gauge (used in a countable noun), quantity, the
pointer (used with mass-noun/uncountable noun, except for these and those only used for
countable noun), ownership (used with mass-noun and countable noun)”.
2. The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, (2014) “determiners a member of a
mainly closed class of words that typically precede nouns (or, strictly speaking, noun
phrase heads) and limit their meaning in some way. Most determiners are restricted by
number-related meaning as to the category of noun they can occur with, e.g. many/few
apples (count plural) but much/little food (uncount)”.

We can concluded, determiners are members of a word class that always come before a
noun and limit the meaning associated with quantity, pointer, and possession.
Characteristic of Determiners, including of:
1. Determiners can be placed before or after a noun.
Example : - A cat is running.
- The water is dirty.
2. Specific to describe the quantity of a thing or give to which a noun refers.
Example : - Some people make mistakes.
- I have some friends.
3. The context in the determinant is in the form of ownership.
 Example : - My first daughter.
- This is our class.
4. Determiners can also be used as pointing.
Example : - These students like sport.
- I want to take this umbrella.
5. The use of determiners is distinguished by countable and uncountable nouns.
Example : - She has three dogs.
- Three has been a lot of research.

C. FUNCTION OF DETERMINERS
1. Rosita, (2017:60) “the function of determiners has the same function as prepositions in a
sentence, which is to give a sign that after the determinant a noun will definitely follow”.
Example: a book, these shoes, etc.
2. Indriani, (2015:55) “determiners is the word placed in front of noun who serves to
clarify the meaning of the noun”.
Example: these children  (so that means, we know better which “children” is meant).
3. Ayu Rini, (2008) “determiners serves to modify the basic sentences to be more
interesting or complete”.

So, we can conclude that the determiners function as a sign to clarify the meaning of
noun.
Determiners have two main functions :
1. Referring nouns
They make the reference of nouns more specific or general .
Example : - That is Ali.
- This is a grammar website.
2. Quantifying nouns
Referring Determiners Referring means showing us who or what the noun is pointing
to or talking about . Example : - A lot of book.
- A little salt.
They tell the reader or listener whether we're referring to a specific or general thing .
• General determiners
 Rosita, (2017) “general determiners are used when we are talking about people
or things in an indefinite way”.
 Indriani, (2015) “general determiners not clearly indicate the object or thing in
question. The object or thing in question is the first time it has been discussed so
that it is still general”.
o Distributive: all, whole, every, both, etc.

Example: a. He takes all pens in my bag.

b. I think of you every time.

o Indefinite article: a, an.

Example: a. I have a book and put it in my bag.
b. She carries a big ball.
o Quantifier: some, few, many, much, little, etc.
Example: a. I have many task in this week.
b.She does not have many friends.
o Cardinal number: another, every, each
Example: a. I have one dollar.
b. She has three brothers.
• Specific determiners
 Ayu Rini, (2008) “specific determiners used when we are talking about specific
people or things”.
 Indriani, (2015) “specific determiners shows the certainty of what we mean”.
The groups included in the specific determination are as follows:
o Demonstrative determiners: that, this, those, these.
Example: a. This table is very clean and strong
b. These books contains 10 chapters each.
o Definite article: the.
Example: a. Little Adam likes the pink balloon.
b. I do not like the atmosphere here.
o Possessive adjective: my, your, our, her, his, its, their.
 Example: a. Your book in my bag.
b. My house is bigger than Raina’s.
o Ordinal number: one, two, hundred, thousand, etc.
Example: a. I finished in first place in the competition.
b. He will present his idea third.

D. CLASSIFICATION OF DETERMINERS
The classification of determiners according to expert:
1. Indriani, (2015) “In general, determiners is divided into two, namely; specific
determiner and general determiner. The order of determiners, namely; predeterminer,
central determiner, post determiner, personal determiner and using determiners
together”.
2. The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, (2014) “Determiners can be classified
from the point of view of meaning into a large number of categories such as
demonstrative (this, that), degree (few, little), existential (any, some), free relative
(which, whatever), and interrogative (which, what)”.
Determiners in English can be grouped in two ways, namely:
1. Determiners by Location or Position
Based on the location or position, there are three types of Determiners, namely:
Predeterminer, Central Determiner and Post Determiner.
a. Predeterminer
A predeterminer is a type of determiner that is located at the beginning or front in the
order of determiners. This determiner generally states the proportion of a noun that
follows it. The formula of the pre-determiner:
(predeterminer +/- other determiner + noun).
Types of Predeterminers, include:
 Multipliers, that is multiplying the multiplier. Words used in multipliers like
twice, five/six times, double.
(Multipliers + Article / Possessive + Plural Countable Noun / Mass Noun)
Example : - three times my salary, twice the size.
- My mom waters the flower twice a week.
 Fraction, shows fractions. Fraction is used to describe a small or small part of the
whole. Words including fraction like; two-thirds, one-thirds, two-fifth.
(Fraction + Article / Possessive + Noun)
Example : - one-third the length.
- I use two-thirds of my salary for traveling.
- I use one-fourth of time a day for sleeping.
 Intensifiers, serves as an amplifier / enhancer. The word intensifiers include rather,
quite, what and such.
Example : - This business trip is such a great experience.
- This dress is rather dirty.
 Distributives, the word to represent one of the total number of an object.
Example : - I know every place in this city.
- Each lesson give me new knowledge.
 Exclamative, which is a word used to exclaim or admire something and ends with an
exclamation mark .
(What + Article + Noun dan such + a/zero Article + Noun)
Example : - What a great paintings, such a brilliant idea!
- What a beautiful day!
- What a hair!
- What a day!

b. Central Determiner
The central determiner is a type of determiner that is in the middle between the
Predeterminer and the Post Determiner. In general, the formula is only:
(determiner + noun).
However, we can also adapt it to the context of each sentence. Types of central
determiners, include:
(1) Article (a, an, the),
(2) Demonstrative (this, that, those, etc),
(3) Possessive (your, my, her, his, etc).
Example : Twice a day
 • Twice: Predeterminer,
• A: Central Determiner,
• Day: Noun

c. Post Determiner

A post determiner is a type of determiner that is located at the end of the determiner
sequence or it can be said to be located right before the noun it describes/determiner that
comes after the predeterminer with/without the central determiner after it. The general
formula is also (determiner + noun). Types of the post determiner, include:

(1) Number (cardinal & ordinal)

Ordinal number  is a number that is used to express the order or level.
(example: I am the first child).
Cardinal number  is the number used to calculate the number of digits.
(example: There are five sharpeners in the bag).
(2) Quantifier (few, many, several)

Example : The second floor

• The: Central Determiner,

• Second: Post Determiner,
• Floor: Noun

2. Determiners by Types and Function

a. Personal Determiner

Personal determiners are subjects that are placed in front of a noun to emphasize the
subject of the sentence itself. In this type of determiner, there is no need to use the
auxiliary verb after the first subject of the personal determiner.

Example : We girls, have motivation for success.

 The determiner is “We” for emphasis,
  “girls” is the noun.

b. Using Determiners Together

o We can combine the use of determiners in one sentence.

Example: - Some students like English many more people prefer art.
- There are ten fewer people in my place than yours.
o Use “of” among quantifying determiners and other types of determiners.
Example: - Some of children don’t like singing
- There were only the two of us in this class.
o Quantifying determiners “all” can be used with or without “of”.
Example: - My mom cooks all of the vegetables / My mom cook all the
vegetables.
- I spent all of my time visiting new place / I spent all my time visiting
new place.

E. TYPES OF DETERMINERS
Types of determiners according to expert:
 Yusran Pora, (2002:284) “we use the article a before words with consonants, we use
the article an before words with vowels, we say the before words that start with a
consonant sound, we use a and the before u when the letter is consonant, we use an &
the before h when the letter is not sounded or has a vowel sound. We use a/an before
countable nouns, we cannot use a/an when the first letter of a countable noun is
plural, we use a/an when the listener or reader doesn't understand exactly what person
or thing we mean, we use a/an when we want to say what someone or something is
about. When using the together with singular countable nouns, plural countable nouns
and uncountable nouns. We use the when the listener or reader knows and definitely
which person or thing is meant sometimes, we use the together with singular
countable nouns to say something in general. This noun is like the names of animals,
flowers and plants. We also use the in a larger sense of the names of musical
instruments and scientific discoveries. Some expressions using the have a general
 meaning like (the town, the country, the see, the mountains, the rain, the wind, the
sun, the snow). We also use the in Cinema and the weather with a more general
meaning. We can use the before some adjectives like young, old, poor, blind with a
common meaning. We use the before national words like Indonesia, Japan, to mean
the people of that country.
 Indriani, (2008) “In general, determiners is divided into two, namely; specific
determiner and general determiner”.
Determiners , as a class of word, include:
1. Articles
Article is a word that modifies or explains a noun. Well, the main function of the
article is to determine the noun meant by the speaker (whether specific or not).
Therefore, generally the article will be placed before the noun.
There are two types of articles
a. Indefinite article
An indefinite article is an indefinite article to talk about the general
version of a noun. When using the indefinite article, the interlocutor does not have
to know the specific form of the noun in question. So, the indefinite article only
serves to show that the noun "exists".
There are only two indefinite articles, namely "a" for nouns starting with a
consonant, and "an" which can be placed before a single noun that starts with a
vowel or sounds like a vowel.
Example :
 I will buy a book tomorrow.
 A dog is a good pet.
b. Definite article
Definite article which is the opposite of the indefinite. A definite article is
a definite article to define a noun as something specific (for example, something
known or previously known, something unique, or something the speaker has
identified).
In addition, the definite article can also be juxtaposed with a clause that begins
with only. Well, the word which is the definite article is "the".
 Example:
 You're the only one I love.
 I went to Cute Bakery yesterday, the cake was really good.

2. Demonstrative Determiner
Demonstrative determiners are nouns to give a sign specifically to people or
things. You can use demonstratives to tell the location of a noun using a measure of
the proximity or distance of an object. In other words, depending on how far or near
the object is to the speaker.
Simply put, demonstratives are used in situations where speakers can point to the item
they mean, so they are more specific than the definite article. This demonstration
consists of this, that, these, those.
Example:
 Is this your Liptick?
 These BTS posters must be expensive.
 Kebun Raya Bogor is very wonderful. I really love that place.
 Those boys make me mad. I can’t finish my work on time.

3. Distributives Determiners
Distributives are a type of determiner that is used when we talk about one or all
parts of a group. Thus, this type of determiner refers to a group of people or things,
and to the individual members of that group. Examples of words that are distributives
are each, every, half, all, both, neither, either.
 Each child received a gift.
 Every child received a gift.
 Each of the children received a present.
 I gave each of the plants some water.
 All cats have four legs.
 I will be back in half a minute.
 Both children were born in Italy.
  I can stay at either hotel.
 Neither chair is any good.

4. Determiner Posesif (Possessives)

Possessive determiner is an auxiliary word to show the ownership of an object,

whether it is an object that is seen physically or abstractly. Possessives determiners
include my, your, his, her, our, their, its which will then be followed by a noun, either
a plural or a singular noun.

Example:

 This is my son, his name is Alfi.

 Her idea about the business was really brilliant!

5. Interrogatives

There are three interrogative determiners in English, namely what, which, and
whose.

a. Which is used as an interrogative determiner to ask a specific question (person or

thing).

Example:

 Which one is your boyfriend?

 Which university are you attending this semester?

b. What applies to asking a general question. Example:

  What color do you like?

 What toppings do you want on your half of the pizza?

c. Whose applies to questioning ownership. Example:

 Whose baby are you watching all night?

 Whose book is this?

6. Quantifiers

Quantifiers are determiners whose role is to define a quantity or numerator. This

determiner can be used if you want to answer the question "how much" aka "how
much?
Then, what is the difference with distributives? So, quantifiers are a bit like
distributives. However, quantifiers refer more to the quantity of people or things in
general, aka do not refer to a group. Examples of quantifiers are many, some, any, a
few, little, more, much, a lot of, most, enough. Example:

 I lost many things in my room.

 Some people think that Bali is the most beautiful place in Indonesia.

7. Numbers

Numbers determiners are also known as numerals. Unlike the quantifier, the
numbers determiner shows the quantity of a noun by stating the number clearly.
There are two types of numeral determiners, namely:

a. Cardinal number to count the number of an object.

Example: I bought two cars yesterday.

b. Ordinal number, this type is used to state the order, level, or can also write
stages as in procedure text.

Example: Intan is the third daughter of Miss Grace.

8. Difference Words

Difference words are a type of determiner used to tell that another part of the
noun is being spoken about. Difference words include other, another, else, any else,
and so on.

Example: I need another place to stay, this hotel scares me.