Example program for drivermethods

public class EmptyBrowser {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {

WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

//launching the URL

driver.get("https://www.flipkart.com/");
//maximize screen
driver.manage().window().maximize();
Thread.sleep(1000);
//minimize screen
driver.manage().window().minimize();

//printing the title of the WebPage

String data = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(data);

//prints current URL of the Application

String URL = driver.getCurrentUrl();
System.out.println(URL);

//prints sourcecode of the page

String source = driver.getPageSource();
System.out.println(source);

//close method closes the current focusing window

// driver.close();

//closes all the windows

driver.quit();

}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-

LOCATORS
-->Locators are used to get the location of the WebElements in a webpage (html
document).
-->Based on the requirement we need to find the exact location of the webelements.
-->All the locators are static methods of "By" class.
This "By" class is an abstract class,so it is not possible to create the
object.(If we try we get
C.T.E)
Hence the only way to access the locators is by using
*classname.method(locators--static methods)

Types of Locators
-----------------
1) id()
2) name()
3) classname()
4) linktext()
5) partialLinkText()
6) cssSelector()
7) xpath()
8) tagname()

1. id(String idvalue)
------------------
-->It is locator(static method) present in a "By class",which is used to locate the
webelement by using id attribute value.
===================================================================================
========================
2. name(String namevalue)
----------------------
-->It is a locator(static method) present in a "By class",which is used to locate
the webelement by using name attribute vaue.
===================================================================================
=======================
3. classname(String clasvalue)
---------------------------
-->It is a locator(static method) present in a "By class",which is used to locate
the webelement by using class attribute value.
Ex:- If class=abc def ghi jkl 123xyz abc -
2....class3,class4
note**
If class attribute is having spaces than it is considered as multiple classes.
===================================================================================
========================
4. linktext(String complete_visible_text)
------------------------------------
-->It is a locator(static method) present in a "By class",which is used to locate
the webelement by using complete_visible_text of the link.
===================================================================================
======================
5. partial linktext(String partial_visible_text)
----------------------------------------------
-->It is a locator(static method) present in a "By class",which is used to locate
the webelement by using partial_visible_text of the link.
===================================================================================
======================++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
6. CSS selector(String selector value)
-----------------------------------

-->It is a locator(static method) present in a "By class",which is used to locate

the webelement by using any attribute.

To create css selector we have to follow syntax ie CSS Expression.

a) [Attribute name='Attribute value']
b) htmltag[Attribute name='Attribute value']

There are even shortcuts to create CSS Expression for class and id.

Ex1:-
[id='username'] shortcut is.... #username
input[id='username'] cssSelector(#username)
input[id='username'] shortcut is.... input#username

Ex2:-
[class='pwdfield'] shortcut is.... .pwdfield
input[class='pwdfield'] shortcut is.... input.pwdfield

Example program for cssSelector

public class cssSelector {

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.manage().window().maximize();

//cssSelector using id() [AttributeName='AttributeValue']

//
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[id='username']")).sendKeys("admin");
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#username")).sendKeys("admin");

// htmltag[AttributeName='AttributeValue']
//
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[id='username']")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#username")).sendKeys("admin");

//cssSector using classname()

//[AttributeName='AttributeValue']
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[class='textField
pwdfield']")).sendKeys("manager");
// driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".pwdfield")).sendKeys("manager");

// htmltag[AttributeName='AttributeValue']
// driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[class='textField
pwdfield']")).sendKeys("manager");

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.pwdfield")).sendKeys("manager");
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

===================================================================================
===========================

note**
-----
Priority of locators to use
===========================
a) For other than links
id()>name()>classname()>CSSselector() If nothing available in html,we go
for xpath to locate webelement

b) For links
id()>name()>classname()>linktext()>partiallinktext()>CSSselector()
===================================================================================
============================

7.Xpath()
-------
-->It is a locator(static method) present in a "By class",which is used to locate
the webelement by using any
html tag or any attributr or any visible text.

XPATH: (xml-Path)
=======
It is a path of an element in html tree structure.

In x-path we have 2 types

1. Absolute Xpath
2.Relative xpath

Absolute Xpath:(xpath by position)

---------------

*** To traverse from parent to immediate child we make use of /(forward slash)

1<html>
1<body>
1<div>
1<input type="text" value="A">
2<input type="text" value="B">
</div>
2<div>
1<input type="text" value="C">
2<input type="text" value="D">
</div>
</body>
</html>

WebElements X=Path
------------ -------
A html/body/div[1]/input[1]
B html/body/div[1]/input[2]
C html/body/div[2]/input[1]
D html/body/div[2]/input[2]
AB html/body/div[1]/input
CD html/body/div[2]/input
AC html/body/div/input[1]
BD html/body/div/input[2]
AD html/body/div[1]/input[1]|html/body/div[2]/input[2]
BC html/body/div[1]/input[2]|html/body/div[2]/input[1]
ABCD html/body/div/input
ABC html/body/div[1]/input|html/body/div[2]/input[1]
BDC html/body/div[1]/input[2]|html/body/div[2]/input

Note: In order to write multiple xpath we use pipline operator(|)

Writing the xpath expression from beginning of the html tree till element is called
as Absolute x-path.
Note:For n number of tags we can use n-1 '/' single forward slash

b)Relative Xpath
---------------
-->// -->Double forward slash (Traverse from parent to any child)
-->/ -->Single forward slash (Traverse from parent to immediate child)

To follow this kind of approach also we required html tree structure which is time
consuming and different.

In order to overcome this approach,there are several cases of xpath which makes
relative xpath more accurate and efficient.

The basic cases of xpath are:-

1) Xpath by attribute
2) Xpath by visibleText

3) Xpath contains Attribute

4) Xpath contains VisibleText

Syntax for above basic cases of xpath are--

------------------------------------------

1) Xpath by attribute
------------------
//html tag[@Attributename='Attribute value'] @->Search given value only in
attribute.

2) Xpath by VisibleText
--------------------
//html tag[text()='Complete_visible_text'] text()->It is xpath function
which searchgiven value only
in visible text.
3) Xpath by contains Attribute
---------------------------
//html tag[contains(@Attribute name,'Partial Attribute Value')]

4) Xpath by contains VisibleText

-----------------------------
//html tag[contains(text(),'partial visible text')]

Example program for xpath

public class Xpath {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {

WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.manage().window().maximize();

//xpath by Attribute
//htmltag[@AttributeName='AttributeValue']

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@placeholder='Username']")).sendKeys("admin");
//
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@placeholder='Password']")).sendKeys("manager"
);

//xpath by visibleText()
//htmltag[text()='AttributeValue']
// driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='Login ']")).click();
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[.='Login ']")).click();

//xpath by contains Attribute

//htmltag[contains(@AttributeNAme,'AttributeValue')]

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[contains(@class,'pwdfield')]")).sendKeys("mana
ger");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td[contains(@id,'loginB')]")).click();

Thread.sleep(1000);
//xpath by visible text
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='View Time-Track']")).click();

//xpath by contains visible text

//htmltag[contains(text(),'AttributeValue')]
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'Vie')]")).click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'Ap')]")).click();

}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-

Xpath with multiple attributes:

-------------------------------

And
a b y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

OR

a b y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

In order to write multiple Attributes in a single x-path expression we use 'AND' /

'OR' operator

Syntax:
-------
//tagName[@AttributeName='AttributeValue' and @AttributeName='AttributeValue']
//tagName[@AttributeName='AttributeValue' or @AttributeName='AttributeValue']
AND--> both the locator should be correct
OR---> any one of the locator should be correct

Ex://input[@type='text' or @id='email']
Ex://input[@type='text' and @id='email']

//using multipleAttribute
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id=\"username\" and
@class=\"textField\"]")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@placeholder=\"Password\" or
@name=\"pwd\"]")).sendKeys("manager");

X-Path by Text/Text() Function

------------------------------
1. when there are no attributes we go for text() function
2. when the locator is matching with multiple attributes we go for text() function

Syntax:
-------

//htmltag[text()='textValue']
or
//htmltag[.='textValue']

Text() function with multiple attributes

========================================

Syntax:

//htmltag[text()='TextValue' and @AttributeName='AttributeValue']

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='View Time-Track' and

@class='item']")).click();

Handling Partially dynamic Element. (contains)

===================================
In order to handle partially dynamic element we go for Contains method

Synatax:
--------

//tagName[contains(text(),'textValue')]
or
//tagName[contains(.,'textValue')]

Handling Completly dynamic elements:

===================================

In order to handle completly dynamic elements we go for xpath by Traversing or

Independent Dependent xpath.
----------
----------------------
/ --> Traversing from parent to child
/.. ->Trversing from child to Immediate parent

Synatx: //tagName[.='TextValue']/../tag[index]
-------
<html>
<body>
<table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Kanthara</td>
<td>10cr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>KGF2</td>
<td>25cr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>RRR</td>
<td>20</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Tree Structure:
--------------
html 1
body 1
table 1
tbody 1
tr 1
td slno 1
td mname 2
td coll 3

***
In order to habdle completly dynamic elements we must fallow 3 steps
step1: First locate the static element
step2: From the static element move to immediate parent
step3: From the parent element locate the dynamic element

Write a xpath to locate the movie collection of kantara

=//td[.='Kanthara']/../td[3]

write a xpath to locate movie collection of RRR

=//td[.='RRR']/../td[3]

write a xpath to locate movie collection of KGF2

=//td[.='KGF2']/../td[3]

Sibling Function:
----------------
1.In order to move from 1 child to another child we go for sibling function
2.In siblings() we have 2 types
1.following-sibling
2.preceding-sibling
There are 2 types of terversing
1.Forward traversing: Navigating from parent to child element by using / and //
forward slash
2.Backward traversing: traversing from child to immediate parent by using /..

following-sibling:
-----------------
If an element is present on the rightside of the table and rightbelow the static
element in html tree structure is called as following sibling.

syntax: /following-sibling::tag

::->scope resolution operator

write a xpath to locate the movie collection of kantara

=//td[.='Kanthara']/following-sibling::td[1]

write a xpath to locate movie collection of RRR

//td[.='RRR']/following-sibling::td[1]

slno to collection
//td[text()='1']/following-sibling::td[text()='10cr']