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• 9157335402 •

A sample of copper was prepared from lumps of copper(II) carbonate. The first step was to make
a solution of copper{II) nitrate as shown. Carbon dioxide was produced.
' . .

dilute
························.················ nitric acid ........i.����«.,....·;··········

lumps of copper(II) carbonate

(a) Complete the boxes to name the apparatus. [2]

(b) Describe a test for carbon dioxide.

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(c) Explain why the lumps of copper(II) carbonate were crushed before adding the diluie nitric acid.

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( d) Suggest how a sample of copper could be obtained from the solution of copper(II) nitrate.
Explain your suggestion .

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[Total: 8]

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• 9157335403 •

3 •
Astudent investigated the rate of reaction between solution Sand scilutionTat different temperatures.
When these chemicals react they form·iodine, Sodium thiosulfate solutii:in·and starch solution were
used to show how fast the reaction proceeded.

Four experiments were done.

Experiment 1

• A measuring cylinder was used to add: 10cm3 of solution S and 1Qcm3 of sodium thiosulfate
solution to a conical flask.
• A teat pipette was th.en used to add 1 cm3 of starch solution to the mixture.
• The temperature of the _mixture was measured and recorded' in the table.
• The reaction was started by using a measuring cylinder ta add 10cm3 of solution_J..to the
conical flask. A timer was started immediately and the mixture was swirled.
• The time.taken for the mixture to turn blue-black was measured.
• ·. The final temperature of I.he mixture was measured a.nd recorded.
• The conical flask was emptied and rinsed with distflled water.

Experiment 2

• A measuring cylinder was usedtd add 10cm3 of solution Sand 10cm3 of sodium thiosulfate
solution to the conical flask.
• A teat pipette was then used to add 1 cm3 of starch solution to the mixture.
• The mixture was then heated·to ab.Q.Yt30 °C..
• The temperature of the mixture was measured and recorded in the table.
• The reaction was started by using a measuring cylinder to add 10cm3 of solution t to the
conical flask. The timer was started immediately and the mixture was swirled.
• The time taken for the mixture to turn blue-black was measured.
• The final temperature of the mixture was measured and recorded.
• The conical flask. was emptied and rinsed with distilled water,

Experiment 3

• Experiment 2 was repeated but the mixture of solution S, sodium thiosulfate solution and
starch solution in the conical flask was heated to about 40°C before adding solution T.

Experiment 4

• Experiment 2 was repeated but \he mixture of solution S, sodium thiosulfate solution and
starch solution in the conical flask was heated to about 50 °6 before adding solution T.

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(a) Calculate the average temperatures in the table. 1,:

Use the stop-clock diagrams to record the time takenJor,each experiment in the table, Gt
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initial final average time taken for QI
experiment the. mixture to
. temperature temperature temperature stop-clock diagram l•C
number °
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(b) Plot the results for Experiments 1- 4 on the grid. Draw a smooth line graph.

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(c) From your graph, deduce the average temperature needed for the mixture to tum blue-black
E in 60s.
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E Show clearly on the grid how you worked out your answer.
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E (d) (i) In which experiment, 1, 2, 3 or 4, was the rate of reaction greatest?
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E (ii) Explain, in terms of particles, why the rate of reaction was greatest in this experiment.
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(e) Pipettes or burettes could be ·used to measure the volumes of solution S and the
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sodium thiosulfate solution more accurately. R!
a,
State and explain one other way to improve the accuracy of the results of these experiments;
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(f) .A studeni predicted: that using. :;i burette to :add s_olution T would improve the. accuracy of the e
results cif these experiments. 'b
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Suggest why the student's prediction would not -improve the accuracy of the results of these
experim.ents.
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Solid P and solid Q were-analysed. Solid P was lithium nitrate. Tests were done bn•each-solid.
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tests on solid P

Complete the e?(pectetj observations.

(a) Describe the appearance of solid P .

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Solid P was divided into-three portions.

(bj Aqueous sod\����droxide and a small piece of aluminium foil were added to the first portion
of solid P. The mixtµre was heated and the gas produc�d.was tested.

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(c) The.second portion of solid P was dissolved in distilled water. Dilute nitric acid and aqueous
. barium nitrate were then added to the solution.

observations .............. M.b..\.�.-.......!?��P\.es.................................................................. [1]

( d) A flame test was done on the third portion of solid P.

observations ............ Re.cl...... :h�.,............................................................................. [1]

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• 9157335408 •

tests on solid Q.
8 ••
Some of the tests and observations are shown.

tests on solid Q observations

The appearance of solid Q was studied. pink crystals

. .. ..

Solid Q was heated jn a hard glass test-tube. condensation formed at the

top ofthe test-tube

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Dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate were white precipitate
added to an aqueous solution of solid Q.

(e) What conclusions can you draw about the identity of solid Q?

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[Total: 8]

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• 9157335409 •

Some cleaning products are mixtures. The three substances present in a cleaning product are
•
listed in the table.

state at
substance physical property
room temperature
sodium carbonate solid melts at 858 °c
ethanol liquid boils at 78 °C
limonene liquid boils at 176 °C

Use the information in the table to plan an experiment to obtain a sample of each substance from
a mixture of the three substances.

You are provided with a mixture of the three substances and common laboratory apparatus.

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