CÁC CẤU TRÚC VIẾT LẠI CÂU THƯỜNG DÙNG
1. Chỉ nguyên nhân (bởi vì)
Since, As, Because + S + V, S + V
= Because of, Due to, Owing to + Noun/ V-ing, S + V
VD: Because it's stormy right now, we can't go to work.
Because of the storm, we couldn't go to work.
2. Chỉ sự tương phản (mặc dù)
Although/Though/Even though + S + V, S + V
= Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ V-ing, S + V
VD: Although I was very tired, I continued to study
Despite being tired, I continued to study
3. Dành/Tốn….thời gian để làm gì?
S + spend + khoảng thời gian + Ving
= It takes + (sb) + khoảng thời gian + to V
VD: I spend nearly an hour making a tiramisu cheesecake.
=> It takes me nearly an hour to make a tiramisu cheesecake.
4. Quá…đến nỗi
S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
= It + be + such + Noun + that + S + V
VD: The book was so boring that I couldn’t read it to the end.
=> It was such the boring book that I couldn’t read it to the end.
It is such the difficult project that it took me much time to complete.
=> The project is so difficult that it took me much time to complete.
5. Quá….đến mức không thể
S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
= It + be + such + Noun + that + S + V
= S + be + too + adj + (for sb) + to V
VD: The swimming pool water was so hot that my children couldn’t swim.
=> The swimming pool water was too hot for my children to swim.
It was such a small house that all of us couldn’t stay in it.
=> A house was too small for all of us to stay in.
6. Đủ…để làm điều gì
S + be + too + adj + (for sb) + to V
= S + be + not + adj (trái nghĩa) + enough + to V
VD: John is too young to live independently.
=> John is not old enough to live independently.
7. HTHT sang QKĐ
S + have/has + V3/-ed
⇔ It has been + [thời gian] + since + S + V2/-ed + …
VD: Minh and Trang have been married for 2 years.
↔ It’s been 2 years since Minh and Trang were married.
8. Cấu trúc the last time/when
S + have/has + NOT + V3/-ed + since/for …
⇔ S + last + V2/-ed + when + S + V
⇔ The last time + S + V + was …
VD: I haven't met Marry since we left school.
↔ The last time I met Mary was when we left school.
↔ I last met Mary when we left school.
9. QKĐ sang HTHTTD
S + V2/-ed + …
⇔ S + have/has + been + V-ing + since/for + …
VD: Shawn started playing guitar since he was five.
↔ Shawn has been playing guitar since he was five.
10. Chưa bao giờ làm việc gì?Lần đầu tiên làm việc gì: This is the first
time:
This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/-ed
⇔ S + have/has + never (not) + V3/-ed + before
VD: This is the first time I have watched this film.
↔ I have never watched this film before.
11. Câu đề nghị tương đương:
Shall we + V
⇔ Let’s + V
⇔ How/What about + V-ing
⇔ Why don’t we + V
⇔ S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
⇔ In my opinion
VD: “Why don't we go out for a walk?” said the boy.
↔The boy suggested going out for a walk.
Let’s have some rest!
↔ What about having some rest?
12. Cấu trúc so that/in order that
S + V + so that/ in order that + S + V
⇔ S + V + (for O) + to infinitive
VD: My mom turned off the TV so that we could sleep.
↔ My mom turned off the TV for us to sleep.
13. Đảo ngữ với Not until
Not until + time word/phrase/clause + trợ động từ + S + V-inf
VD: She didn’t finish the report until yesterday.
=> Not until yesterday did she finish the report.
14. Chủ động - Bị động
Thì Chủ động Bị động
Hiện tại đơn S + V(s/es) + O S + tobe + V(p2)
Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + tobe + V-ing S + tobe + being + V(p2)
Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + P2 + O S + have/has + been + P2
Quá khứ đơn S + V(ed/Ps) + O S + was/were + P2
Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing S + was/were + being + P2
Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + P2 + O S + had + been + P2
Tương lai đơn S + will + V-infi + O S + will + be + P2
Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + P2 S + will + have + been + P2
Tương lai gần S + be going to + V(inf) S + be going to + be + P2
Động từ khuyết thiếu S + ĐTKT + V(inf) S + ĐTKT + be + P2
