1. Which of the following best defines a parameter?

o A) A subset of the population

o B) A measure describing the entire population
o C) A measure describing a sample
o D) An estimated value based on data
2. A sample is defined as:
o A) The entire group of individuals in a study
o B) A measure used to describe a population
o C) A subset of the population used for analysis
o D) A numerical characteristic of a population
3. The arithmetic mean of a dataset {3,6,9,12,15 is:
o A) 8
o B) 9
o C) 10
o D) 11
4. In a positively skewed distribution, which is typically the greatest?
o A) Median
o B) Mode
o C) Mean
o D) All are equal
5. The geometric mean is often used for data measured in:
o A) Units without zero values
o B) Rates and percentages
o C) Counts and integers
o D) Categories
6. Which measure of central tendency is the most affected by outliers?
o A) Median
o B) Mode
o C) Mean
o D) Geometric Mean
7. The harmonic mean is best used when dealing with:
o A) Skewed distributions
o B) Growth rates
o C) Frequencies or rates
o D) Categorical data
8. In a histogram, the height of each bar represents:
o A) Class width
o B) Class interval
o C) Frequency of the class
o D) Mean of the class
9. A frequency curve is:
o A) The cumulative sum of data points
o B) A smooth curve drawn over a histogram
o C) A plot of cumulative frequency against class intervals
o D) The difference between class frequencies
10. The frequency polygon connects points plotted at:
• A) Class intervals
• B) Class boundaries
• C) Midpoints of the bars in a histogram
• D) Lower limits of each class
11. Mean deviation is calculated from the:
• A) Mean only
• B) Mode only
• C) Median only
• D) Mean or median
12. Quartile deviation is also known as:
• A) Semi-interquartile range
• B) Interquartile range
• C) Median deviation
• D) Coefficient of range
13. Skewness is a measure of:
• A) The symmetry of data distribution
• B) The center of the distribution
• C) The average deviation from the mean
• D) The total variation in data
14. Kurtosis measures the:
• A) Spread of values in a dataset
• B) Degree of symmetry of a distribution
• C) Degree of peakedness or flatness
• D) Central tendency of data
15. A box plot helps visualize:
• A) Variability and symmetry of data
• B) Only the mean of the data
• C) The frequency of each observation
• D) The cumulative frequencies of each class
16. In a box plot, the length of the box represents:
• A) Range
• B) Median
• C) Interquartile range
• D) Standard deviation
17. The first quartile (Q1) corresponds to the:
• A) 10th percentile
• B) 25th percentile
• C) 50th percentile
• D) 75th percentile
18. The range of a dataset is calculated as:
• A) Mean - Minimum value
• B) Median - Minimum value
• C) Maximum value - Minimum value
• D) Third quartile - First quartile
19. Variance is defined as the:
• A) Sum of squared deviations from the mean
• B) Average of squared deviations from the mean
• C) Average of absolute deviations from the mean
• D) Difference between maximum and minimum values
20. Standard deviation is the:
• A) Square root of variance
• B) Cube root of variance
• C) Sum of deviations from the mean
• D) Average deviation from the mean
21. In central tendency, the mode represents:
• A) The mean of the data
• B) The middle value of the data
• C) The most frequently occurring value
• D) The square root of variance
22. The median of a dataset represents:
• A) The mean value
• B) The middle value when data is ordered
• C) The mode value
• D) The maximum value
23. Nominal data is best described as:
• A) Numerical data with a true zero point
• B) Data classified without any order
• C) Data with meaningful intervals
• D) Ordered data without equal intervals
24. Primary data refers to data:
• A) Collected from previous studies
• B) Gathered from firsthand observations
• C) Obtained from online sources
• D) Derived from secondary data
25. The process of organizing data into classes is called:
• A) Classification
• B) Tabulation
• C) Distribution
• D) Data summarization
26. A frequency distribution is a way to:
• A) List data without summarizing
• B) Organize data into categories or classes
• C) Show cumulative frequency
• D) Identify all individual data points
27. Descriptive and inferential are:
• A) Types of central tendency
• B) Types of frequency distributions
• C) Branches of statistics
• D) Data collection methods
28. In data collection, census refers to:
• A) Observing part of the population
• B) Observing the entire population
• C) Analyzing sample statistics
• D) Estimating parameters
29. The midpoint of a class interval 10−2010 - 2010−20 is:
• A) 10
• B) 15
• C) 20
• D) 25
30. Coefficient of variation (CV) is calculated as:
• A) (Mean/σ)×100
• B) (σ/Mean)×100
• C) (σ×Mean)×100
31. D) (σ+Mean)/100
32. The formula for the first raw moment about zero is:
• A) ∑Xi/n
• B) ∑(Xi−X’)/n
• C) ∑(Xi−μ)2/n
• D) ∑(Xi−X’)3/n
32. Pearson’s coefficient of skewness can be calculated by:
• A) 3(Mean−Median)/σ
• B) 3(Median−Mode)/σ
• C) (Mean−Median)/σ
D) (Mean+Mode)/σ
33. Bowley’s coefficient of skewness uses:
• A) Mean and mode
• B) Median and mean
• C) Quartiles
• D) Standard deviation and median
34. The percentile coefficient of kurtosis indicates:
• A) Degree of asymmetry in a distribution
• B) Central tendency in a distribution
• C) Frequency of values in the middle
• D) Degree of peakedness relative to a normal distribution
35. The second quartile corresponds to:
• A) The mode
• B) The mean
• C) The median
• D) The 75th percentile
37. The median is best used as a measure of central tendency when:
• A) The data is nominal
• B) The data is ordinal
• C) There are outliers
• D) There is no mode
38. A decile is a value that divides the data into:
• A) Four equal parts
• B) Ten equal parts
• C) Hundred equal parts
• D) Five equal parts
39. The interquartile range is:
• A) Q3 - Q1
• B) Q2 - Q1
• C) Q3 - Q2
• D) Q4 - Q1
40. Which of the following is true for normally distributed data?
• A) Mean > Median > Mode
• B) Mean = Median = Mode
• C) Median > Mean > Mode
• D) Mode > Mean > Median

1. If a class of students has scores of {55,60,75,80,85, what is the arithmetic mean?

o A) 65
o B) 70
o C) 75
o D) 71
2. For a dataset {2,3,5,8,10, calculate the geometric mean.
o A) 5.6
o B) 4.6
o C) 5
o D) 3.8
3. Find the harmonic mean of the dataset {4,5,8}
o A) 5.2
o B) 5.0
o C) 4.6 ~4.72
 o D) 3.5
4. In a group of scores {5,10,15,10,20,10} what is the mode?
o A) 5
o B) 10
o C) 15
o D) 20
5. Calculate the median of the dataset {3,7,9,12,15}
o A) 7
o B) 9
o C) 8
o D) 10
6. In the dataset {20,30,40,50,60}the range is:
o A) 30
o B) 40
o C) 50
o D) 60
7. For a dataset {5,7,9,10,12} calculate the variance.
o A) 5.5
o B) 6.25
o C) 4.0
o D) 8.5
8. In a normally distributed dataset with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5,
what is the z-score of a value 60?
o A) 2
o B) -2
o C) 1
o D) -1
9. If the mean of a dataset is 100 and the standard deviation is 15, what is the coefficient
of variation?
o A) 10%
o B) 15%
 o C) 25%
o D) 30%
In the distribution of students’ heights with a mean of 165 cm and median of 160 cm, the
distribution is likely to be:
• A) Symmetric
• B) Positively skewed
• C) Negatively skewed
• D) Uniform
If Q1 = 20 and Q3 = 40 in a dataset, what is the interquartile range?
• A) 10
• B) 20
• C) 30
• D) 40
Calculate the standard deviation for the data {8,10,12,14,16
• A) 2.5
• B) 3.2
• C) 4.5
• D) 6
A dataset has the following frequencies: 10, 20, 30, 25, and 15. What is the mode of this
frequency distribution?
• A) 10
• B) 15
• C) 20
• D) 30
For a dataset {7,7,10,13,16}\{7, 7, 10, 13, 16\}{7,7,10,13,16}, calculate the mean deviation
from the mean.
• A) 2.4
• B) 3.6
• C) 4.0
• D) 1.8
If the first quartile (Q1) is 25 and the third quartile (Q3) is 75, the quartile deviation is:
 • A) 25
• B) 50
• C) 100
• D) 75
In a histogram, if the bars are tallest for values between 10 and 20, this indicates:
• A) The median is between 10 and 20
• B) The mode is between 10 and 20
• C) The mean is between 10 and 20
• D) There are outliers in the data
In a dataset with scores {30,40,50,60,70} what is the z-score for the score 50 if the mean is
50 and standard deviation is 10?
• A) 1
• B) -1
• C) 0
• D) 2
If the mean score on a test is 85 with a median of 90, the data likely has:
• A) Positive skewness
• B) Negative skewness
• C) No skewness
• D) Uniform distribution
For a dataset of {10,12,12,14,15,18} what is the median?
• A) 12
• B) 13
• C) 14
• D) 15
In a class interval of 5−15 what is the midpoint?
• A) 7.5
• B) 10
• C) 12.5
• D) 15
 A survey of 10 students’ heights in cm is {150,160,165,155,170,175,160,155,160,165. What
is the mode?
• A) 155
• B) 160
• C) 165
• D) 170
For a dataset, if Q1 = 45, median = 60, and Q3 = 75, what is the semi-interquartile range?
• A) 15
• B) 20
• C) 30
• D) 60
A student’s score on a test is 85. If the mean is 70 and the standard deviation is 10, the z-
score is:
• A) 1
• B) -1
• C) 1.5
• D) 2.0
If the dataset {5,10,10,15,20 has a mode of:
• A) 5
• B) 10
• C) 15
• D) 20
A data set with a high positive skew will generally have:
• A) Mode > Mean > Median
• B) Mean > Median > Mode
• C) Median > Mode > Mean
• D) Median > Mean > Mode
The arithmetic mean of a frequency distribution with class intervals 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40
and frequencies 4, 6, and 10 respectively is:
• A) 25
• B) 30
 • C) 35
• D) 40
The standard deviation of {4,5,6,7,8 is approximately:
• A) 2
• B) 1.5
• C) 1.2
• D) 1.0
For a normal distribution with mean 100 and standard deviation 15, the probability that a
value is within one standard deviation is approximately:
• A) 34%
• B) 50%
• C) 68%
• D) 95%
In a sample of 100 scores, the mean is 50 and the median is 45. The distribution is likely:
• A) Positively skewed
• B) Negatively skewed
• C) Symmetric
• D) Bimodal
Calculate the interquartile range if Q1 = 12 and Q3 = 20.
• A) 6
• B) 8
• C) 10
• D) 12
If a dataset {20,25,30,35,40 has a variance of 50, what is the standard deviation?
• A) 7.1
• B) 8
• C) 6.5
• D) 5
If the arithmetic mean of a dataset is 70 and the harmonic mean is 60, then the geometric
mean is closest to:
• A) 65
 • B) 66
• C) 68
• D) 70
In a class interval of 35−45, if the frequency is 8 and the midpoint is 40, the cumulative
frequency of this interval is:
• A) 8
• B) 40
• C) 45
• D) 35
If a dataset has a mean of 100, median of 95, and mode of 90, what type of skewness does it
likely have?
• A) Symmetrical
• B) Positively skewed
• C) Negatively skewed
• D) Zero skewness
The third decile represents the:
• A) 30th percentile
• B) 33rd percentile
• C) 50th percentile
• D) 75th percentile
In a data set {2,4,6,8,10}
• A) 0
• B) 2.5
• C) 5.0
• D) 4.0
The midpoint of a class interval 45−5545-5545−55 is:
• A) 45
• B) 50
• C) 55
• D) 60
38. For scores {40,50,60,70,80 the range is:
• A) 20
• B) 40
• C) 60
• D) 80
39. For the distribution with values {4,8,12,16 the geometric mean is approximately:
• A) 8
• B) 10
• C) 6.5
• D) 9
40. In a dataset where mean = 60, median = 65, and mode = 70, the distribution is:
• A) Positively skewed
• B) Negatively skewed
• C) Symmetrical
• D) Multimodal

1. The first raw moment about zero for a dataset {4,8,12,16

o A) 8
o B) 10
o C) 12
o D) 14
2. Which of the following is the formula for calculating the second raw moment about
zero?
o A) ∑X/n
o B) ∑(X−μ)2/n
o C) ∑X2/n
o D) ∑(X−X’)/n
3. The third central moment in a distribution is often used to measure:
o A) Central tendency
o B) Variance
o C) Skewness
o D) Kurtosis
4. When calculating the arithmetic mean using the shortcut method, we first:
o A) Use assumed mean to reduce calculations
o B) Calculate raw moments
o C) Sum all values directly
o D) Use the formula ∑X/n
5. In the step-deviation method for arithmetic mean, which of the following
transformations is applied?
o A) (X−A)/d
o B) X/d
o C) (X+A)×d
o D) X−A
6. Which method is preferable when there are large values or large ranges in data for
calculating the arithmetic mean?
o A) Direct method
o B) Assumed mean method
o C) Step-deviation method
o D) Median method
7. The measure of peakedness of a distribution is called:
o A) Skewness
o B) Variance
o C) Kurtosis
o D) Range
8. Which of the following best describes a distribution with high kurtosis?
o A) Light tails and a flat peak
o B) Heavy tails and a sharp peak
o C) Symmetrical shape with no tails
o D) A bell shape with equal tails
9. In a positively skewed distribution, the relationship between the mean, median, and
mode is:
o A) Mean < Median < Mode
o B) Mode < Median < Mean
 o C) Mean = Median = Mode
o D) Median > Mode > Mean
10. The relationship between raw moments and mean moments is described by:
o A) Variance formula
o B) Recurrence relations
o C) Kurtosis
o D) Coefficient of variation
11. Calculate the second moment about the mean for the dataset {2,4,6,8}:
o A) 4
o B) 6
answer=5
o C) 8
o D) 10
12. If the third central moment of a dataset is positive, the dataset is likely:
o A) Symmetric
o B) Positively skewed
o C) Negatively skewed
o D) Mesokurtic
13. A mesokurtic distribution has:
o A) A kurtosis value greater than 3
o B) A kurtosis value less than 3
o C) A kurtosis value of approximately 3
o D) No skewness
14. Pearson’s coefficient of skewness can be calculated using the formula:
o A) (Q3−Q1)/(Q3+Q1)
o B) 3(Mean−Median)/σ
o C) (Q3+Q1)/2(Q3 + Q1)
o D) 3(Mean−Mode)/σ
15. In a dataset, if the first raw moment is 20, the second raw moment is 30, and the mean
is 15, the second moment about the mean is:
o A) 15
o B) 5
 o C) 10
o D) 20
16. The formula for calculating the fourth raw moment about zero is:
o A) ∑X/n\
o B) ∑(X−X’)4/n
o C) ∑X4/n
o D) ∑(X−A)/n
17. In calculating moments, which moment typically provides information about the
variability or dispersion in data?
o A) First moment
o B) Second moment
o C) Third moment
o D) Fourth moment
18. Bowley’s coefficient of skewness uses which values for its calculation?
o A) Mean, median, mode
o B) First and third quartiles, and median
o C) Mean and mode only
o D) Variance and standard deviation
19. A platykurtic distribution typically has:
o A) Low kurtosis
o B) High kurtosis
o C) Kurtosis around 3
o D) Perfect symmetry
20. A leptokurtic distribution is one that has:
o A) Tails that are lighter than a normal distribution
o B) Tails that are heavier than a normal distribution
o C) Zero skewness
o D) Equal variance
21. Calculate the skewness coefficient if the mean is 40, median is 30, and standard
deviation is 10.
o A) 1.0
 o B) 2.0
o C) 3.0
o D) 0.5
22. Which of the following indicates a perfectly symmetrical distribution?
o A) Skewness = 0
o B) Kurtosis = 0
o C) Mean = 0
o D) Standard deviation = 0
23. A distribution has moments μ1=10,μ2=25, μ3=5. The skewness is:
o A) Positive
o B) Negative
o C) Zero
o D) Undefined
24. Which method would be easiest to use for calculating the mean of a dataset with equal
intervals but large values?
o A) Direct method
o B) Assumed mean method
o C) Step-deviation method
o D) Grouped median method
25. The moment ratio μ4/σ4 is used to measure:
o A) Skewness
o B) Kurtosis
o C) Variance
o D) Standard deviation
26. The second raw moment for the values {3,7,9 is:
o A) 35
o B) 45 43.66
o C) 55
o D) 65
27. The relationship between the first central moment and the mean is:
o A) Equal to the variance
 o B) Always equal to zero
o C) A measure of skewness
o D) Always positive
28. If a distribution has a skewness coefficient of -0.7, it is:
o A) Symmetric
o B) Positively skewed
o C) Negatively skewed
o D) Mesokurtic
29. The third raw moment about zero in a dataset indicates:
o A) Mean
o B) Variance
o C) Symmetry
o D) Skewness
30. Which measure of central tendency is most affected in a highly skewed distribution?
o A) Median
o B) Mode
o C) Mean
o D) Quartiles
31. Which method provides an advantage in arithmetic mean calculation when the dataset
contains fractional values?
o A) Direct method
o B) Step-deviation method
o C) Assumed mean method
o D) Cumulative frequency method
32. A kurtosis value significantly greater than 3 indicates a distribution that is:
o A) Symmetric
o B) Platykurtic
o C) Leptokurtic
o D) Negatively skewed
33. In a dataset with a mean of 50, the second central moment is 25. What is the variance?
o A) 5
 o B) 10
o C) 20
o D) 25
34. For a sample of data, if the third central moment is zero, this indicates:
o A) Symmetry in the data
o B) Positive skewness
o C) Negative skewness
o D) Leptokurtic distribution
35. Which of the following is NOT true regarding moments?
o A) The first raw moment is equal to the mean
o B) The second central moment is equal to the variance
o C) The third central moment measures kurtosis
o D) Moments provide insights into the shape of a distribution
36. Which coefficient measures kurtosis based on quartiles?
o A) Pearson’s coefficient
o B) Bowley’s coefficient
o C) Percentile coefficient
o D) Moments ratio coefficient
37. If the mean and median are equal but the mode differs significantly, the distribution is
likely:
o A) Positively skewed
o B) Negatively skewed
o C) Mesokurtic
o D) Bimodal
38. The fourth central moment is mainly used to describe:
o A) Central tendency
o B) Dispersion
o C) Kurtosis
o D) Skewness
39. A distribution with a mean of 20, median of 25, and mode of 30 would likely be:
o A) Symmetric
 o B) Negatively skewed
o C) Positively skewed
o D) Mesokurtic
40. Which of the following is the correct relationship for moments in a distribution?
o A) Mean moments are always larger than raw moments
o B) Raw moments provide information about central tendency
o C) Raw and mean moments are unrelated
o D) Mean moments provide insight into the distribution's shape