Lesson 8:-Cognitive behavioustic techniques.
Cognitive therapy: The main Types (group of Cognitive Therapy)
Cognitive Therapy is based on the cognitive model, stating that thoughts, feelings and
behavior are mutually influenced by each other. Shifting cognition is seen as the main
mechanism by which lasting emotional and behavioral changes take place. Treatment is
very collaborative, tailored, skill-focused, and based on a case conceptualization.
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
It is based on the belief that most problems originate in erroneous or irrational thought.
For instance, perfectionists and pessimists usually suffer from issues related to irrational
thinking; for example, if a perfectionist encounters a small failure, he or she might
perceive it as a much bigger failure. It is better to establish a reasonable standard
emotionally, so the individual can live a balanced life. This form of cognitive therapy is an
opportunity for the patient to learn of his current distortions and successfully eliminate
them.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and its "third wave"
It is a system of approaches drawing from both the cognitive and behavioral systems of
psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most effective means of
treatment for substance abuse and co-occurring mental health disorders. CBT is an
umbrella term for a group of therapies, whereas CT is a discrete form of therapy. A
number of treatments have developed that have been derived from CBT and are often
labeled as the "third wave" of CBT by its advocates acceptance and commitment therapy,
cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, dialectical behavior therapy,
EMDR, metacognitive therapy, metacognitive training.
Application: of Cognitive Therapy for Depressive Patients:
According to Beck's theory of the etiology of depression, depressed people acquire a
negative schema of the world in childhood and adolescence; children and adolescents
who experience depression acquire this negative schema earlier. Depressed people
acquire such schemas through the loss of a parent, rejection by peers, bullying, criticism
from teachers or parents, the depressive attitude of a parent or other negative events.
When a person with such schemas encounters a situation that resembles the original
conditions of the learned schema, the negative schemas are activated.
Beck's negative triad holds that depressed people have negative thoughts about
themselves, their experiences in the world, and the future. For instance, a depressed
person might think, "I didn't get the job because I'm terrible at interviews. Interviewers
never like me, and no one will ever want to hire me." In the same situation, a person who
is not depressed might think, "The interviewer wasn't paying much attention to me.
Maybe she already had someone else in mind for the job. Next time I'll have better luck,
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and I'll get a job soon." Beck also identified a number of other cognitive distortions, which
can contribute to depression, including the following: arbitrary inference, selective
abstraction, over-generalization, magnification and minimization.
In 2008, Beck proposed an integrative developmental model of depression that aims to
incorporate research in genetics and the neuroscience of depression. This model was
updated in 2016 to incorporate multiple levels of analyses, new research, and key
concepts (e.g., resilience) within the framework of an evolutionary perspective.
Psychotherapy Psychoanalysis (Psychodynamic)
Behavioral
Cognitive Therapy
Humanistic Therapy
Individual, Family, Marriage and Group Therapy
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