1.

1 Connections

E
Personality


VOCABULARY B Complete the text with the adjectives in the box.

PL
Feelings frustrated impressed relieved stunned tense thrilled

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
A Choose the correct options (a, b or c) to complete
the sentences.
1 Work is really stressful at the moment. I just feel so all It had been a difficult year at work and Jake (who never

M
the time. won anything) was 1 when he found out
that he had won a foreign holiday in a competition. When
a relieved b awkward c tense
he arrived, he loved everything about the place – the
2 How can you eat like that? I’m just watching you. hotel, the countryside and the beach, which was only five

SA
a thrilled b disgusted c overwhelmed minutes’ walk away. He was particularly 2
by the food at a local restaurant and used to go there every
3 I was to discover that he had stolen money from me.
evening to try out different dishes.
a horrified b thrilled c tense
One evening, as he was eating, Jake thought the staff
4 We were all to hear that Jim had got back safely.
seemed a little 3 . They were polite to
a relieved b disgusted c furious him, but they didn’t seem as relaxed as usual, and one
5 My daughter was so when she passed all her exams. of the waiters looked quite angry. Jake didn’t pay much

EE
a horrified b devastated c thrilled attention – after all, nobody is bright and cheerful all the
time – but a little while later, he thought he heard raised
6 Sometimes I just feel so by the amount of work I’ve
voices in the kitchen. Soon after, there was shouting,
got to do.
but more alarmingly, a lot of smoke coming from the
a overwhelmed b relieved c awkward kitchen. Jake was 4 because he couldn’t
7 I think we all felt really that there was nothing we understand what they were saying, but the message soon
FR
could do to help. became clear – the restaurant was on fire and they had to
get out fast! While the staff battled in vain to put out the fire,
a impressed b frustrated c disgusted
Jake and the other customers looked on from a safe distance,
8 If I lose my job because of this, I will be with you! most of them too 5 to even speak.
a relieved b stunned c furious
The following day, they learnt that one of the waiters
9 Barcelona were by Liverpool’s last-minute winner. had thrown a pan of hot oil across the kitchen, and that
a thrilled b overwhelmed c stunned was what had caused the fire. Everyone was shocked
10 Actually, I was really by his level of commitment. when they saw the damage – there was nothing left of
the restaurant – but they were all 6 to
a impressed b furious c relieved
hear that there were no injuries.
E
PL
M
SA
EE
FR

4 CONNEC TIONS

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 1.1 Connections

E
Personality


GRAMMAR C Complete the questions with the correct form of the

PL
words in brackets.
Question forms 1 You’ve got to be joking! Why
A Reorder the words to make questions. (you / not tell) me this before?
1 where / could / nearest / is / the / you / me / tell / bank 2 What (you / talk / about)?
I finished it last week!

M
?

2 is / your / name / I / ask / what / can 3 Can you tell me what
(happen / yesterday)?
?
(you / know) the

4
3 are / what / about / you / thinking

SA
manager personally?
?
5 So, you said your holiday wasn’t great – what

4 there / you / happened / what / when / got (you / not / like) about it?
? 6 You’re not from here, are you? Where

5 meal / the / you / like / didn’t / about / what (you / grow up)?
? 7 Who (you / talk / to)

6 today / is / the / lesson / taking / who outside earlier?

EE
? 8 (who / you / go) to Brussels
with tomorrow?

7 know / you / do / lives / he / where
?
PRONUNCIATION

8 that / you / repeating / mind / would

Intonation in yes/no and

FR ?

B Rewrite the direct questions as indirect questions. wh- questions
1 When is the test? A Circle the arrows to predict which intonation will be used
1.1 in each question. Then listen and check.
Could you tell me when ?
1 Do you need any help with your bags? [ ]/[ ]
2 What is your name?


2 What time would you like to meet? [ ]/[ ]
Do you mind telling ?


3 Do you want anything else to eat? [ ]/[ ]
3 How old are you?


4 What seems to be the problem? [ ]/[ ]
Can I ask you ? 
5 How long have you been living at
4 Where do we have to go?
your current address? [ ]/[ ]
E


Do you know ?
6 Are you ready to go? [ ]/[ ]

5 Where do I sign my name, please?
7 Have you asked her about it? [ ]/[ ]
PL


Excuse me. Could you tell me ?
8 How much do I owe you? [ ]/[ ]

6 Please sit down over there.
Would you mind ? B Listen again and repeat.
1.1
7 What is your address?
Can I ask you ?
M

8 What time is it?

Do you know ?
SA
EE
FR

CONNEC TIONS 5

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 1.2 Connections

E
Who we are


GRAMMAR C Complete the interview with the correct form of the verbs

PL
in brackets. Use contractions where possible.
Tense review Interviewer: So would you say you 1 (face)


A Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. a lot of challenges in your life up to now? What
was your childhood like, for example?
1 What were you doing / did you do between three and
five o’clock yesterday? Joe: Well, actually – something pretty crazy

M

happened to me while I was growing up. My
2 I made sure I’d / I’ve done all the housework before I left
parents came to get me from school one day and
this morning.
told me that our house 2 (burn)
3 Apparently he works / he’s working this Saturday so he down – there was nothing left of it. I was nine

SA
can’t come. years old. That was quite a challenge.
4 Sorry, I can’t stop – I have to / had to pick the kids up in Interviewer: Wow! That must have been awful. It


half an hour. 3
(sound) like a devastating
5 I met her while I was travelling / had travelled around experience, especially for someone so young.
Southeast Asia. Joe: Yes but, in a funny way, I think I was young


6 You aren’t going to believe this – I’ve / I’d passed all my enough to get over it – it would be much worse
exams! Isn’t that great? to go through that now.

EE
7 Conditions were terrible – it was freezing cold and it Interviewer: I see. Apart from that one extreme event, was


rained / was raining heavily. your childhood a happy one?
8 I grew / have grown up in France, but strangely I’ve never Joe: Let me think … Yes, I 4 (have)


been to Paris. a happy childhood. Things got a bit difficult
later, though. I 5 (not be) very
B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
FR happy at university, so I left. That was quite tough
verbs in the box. Use contractions where possible.
because I 6 (look) for a job for
close finish leave live see sell out at least six months before I found one. But I think
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​​
 ​
I7 (go) through my biggest
1 This is ridiculous – I can’t believe he challenge at the moment, actually. It isn’t easy
the report yet! getting started in my profession – especially
2 I just the house when the when you’re a foreigner.
phone rang. Interviewer: No, I guess it isn’t. I 8 (not think)

3 Apparently, all of the tickets by about that. Good point.
the time she got there.
4 We’d better hurry up – the shop
E

at 4 pm on Sundays.
5 Actually, I him on Friday – you
should come along.
PL

6 I in New York for eight years,

but never went to the Empire State Building.
M
SA
EE
FR

6 CONNEC TIONS

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 1.2 Connections

E
Who we are


PL
M
SA
EE
VOCABULARY B Complete the sentences with the noun form of the
adjectives in the box.
Personality adjectives; Noun suffixes
A Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–8) to the arrogant confident determined different loyal

 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
endings (a–h). Use the adjectives in bold to help you. optimistic responsible stubborn
FR
 ​
 ​
1 Elias is so stubborn! He can …
1 I wish I had had the to speak up

2 The manager is pretty optimistic about the target.
when I see something like that.
He thinks …

3 Don’t be so self-centred. You should … 2 His when he was talking about his

successes was very annoying.
4 He is talented, but he’s arrogant too. He …

5 She’s incredibly witty actually. After five minutes 3 The team’s paid off in the end when
with her, I … they got the victory they needed.

6 I worry about Kelly being so naïve. I’m afraid … 4 When everything started to go wrong, Carl began to

7 I think I’m an open-minded person – I’m lose some of his natural .
always ready … 5 It is the company’s aim to encourage brand
E

8 Freya is very down-to-earth. You’d never know … so that you keep buying

a is always telling people how great he is. their products.
PL

b people will hurt her feelings. 6 I’m sorry, but the break in is your fault. It was your
c that she was rich. to make sure the office was
d never admit when he’s wrong. locked up.
e think about others for a change. 7 Can you tell the between these two
f to hear different viewpoints. photos? They both look the same to me.
M

g the team should reach it by July. 8 His prevented him from apologising
h can’t stop laughing. and saving his job.
SA

PRONUNCIATION B Read the sentences. Draw () to join the words where
1.3 one word ends with a consonant and the next begins
Connected speech: final consonant with a vowel. Then listen and check.
and initial vowel 1 How far is it to your house – will it take long to walk?
A Listen and draw () to show the connected speech. 2 My job is much better now that I work from home on
1.2
1 You can’t always get what you want in life. Wednesdays.
EE

2 Alex isn’t an easy person to get to know. 3 He was generally thought of as lazy and disruptive.

3 Actually, he’s not at all like his brother. 4 I think I’ve done the best I can on this project.

4 Marco will support us whatever we end up doing. 5 I think it’s important to talk to people we don’t agree with.

5 Everyone at work has been really understanding about it. C Listen again and repeat.
1.3
FR

CONNEC TIONS 7

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 1.3 Connections

E
Reading


READING

PL
A PREDICT Look at the title of the article and the pictures.
What do you think these four famous people had
Through Thick and Thin
in common?

B SCAN Read Through thick and thin quickly to check your

M
answers to Exercise A. When life gets too much for us, reading about
people who have struggled against the hard
C SKIM FOR MAIN IDEAS Read the article again. Choose
the correct sub-headings (a–f ) to complete the article.
circumstances of their birth and upbringing can
put things into perspective. Here are four lessons

SA
There are two extra headings you do not need to use.
from inspiring figures who never gave up:
a Don’t let failure stop you
b Inspiration can strike when you least expect it
c Physical strength can be beneficial 1
d Discipline and training is key
If you had a stammer, you probably wouldn’t choose public
e Bravery will help you achieve
speaking as a profession. Demosthenes – an ancient

EE
f Be prepared to take new paths Greek politician – managed to overcome his speaking
difficulties to become the greatest orator of his time. His
D READ FOR DETAIL Read the article again and answer
the questions. Underline the parts of the text that gives first attempt at public speaking was a disaster, but criticism
you the answers. just made him more determined. He shut himself away,
read a lot and practised speaking day and night. It is said
1 What effect did Demosthenes’s initial failure have on him?
that he would fill his mouth with small stones and practise
2 What methods did he use to improve his speech?
FR
speaking with a knife held between his teeth to get rid of his
3 How successful was Spielberg’s first film?
stammer and improve the
4 What was his first big break? strength of his voice. All
5 What was Lincoln’s first occupation? his hard work paid off:
6 Which occupation led him to a career? he went on to become
7 Why did Frida Kahlo change the way she dressed as a child? one of the leading
political figures
8 Did she always want to be an artist?
in Athens.
E REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions.
1 Which of the stories do you find the most inspiring? Why?
E

2 Apart from the four lessons highlighted in the article,

what other things do you think are key to success?
PL
M
SA
EE
FR

8 CONNEC TIONS

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 1.4 Connections

E
Listening


2 LISTENING

PL
Steven Spielberg may not have been born into poverty A You are going to listen to a podcast about a social issue
or suffered a physical disability, but his path to success in the UK. Make a list of the top five social issues (e.g.
housing, lack of jobs, etc) facing your country.
wasn’t easy. The grandson of Ukrainian immigrants,
Steven was bullied as a child, and his parents’ divorce B LISTEN FOR GIST Listen to an extract from the podcast

M
while he was at high school was a further blow. He 1.4 and choose the best title (1, 2 or 3).
dreamt of being a film-maker, but his first commercial film 1 The effects of social isolation and loneliness on an
made a profit of only $1, and his first TV programme was ageing population
considered so bad that it had to be re-shot by someone

SA
2 Government introduces new strategy to tackle
else. A year later, he was given a second chance, and loneliness in British society
this time, there were calls for him to be fired. He admitted
3 Top tips to help you tackle social isolation in your
that if he hadn’t then been given the chance to direct the own community
film Duel, he might well have given up. Then came Jaws
and the rest is film history. C LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen to the full podcast. Put
1.5 the following topics in the order they are discussed.
3

EE
The decision came about because of recent research.
Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809 to poor and probably The new minister will develop a strategy based on input


illiterate parents. His mother died when he was nine from many groups.
years old and Lincoln was immediately put to work on the British government appoints a minister for loneliness.
family farm. He had little formal education, but it is said Give practical help to those in need.
that he would walk for miles just to borrow books. For a
FR Try to develop new relationships with your neighbours.
few years, he was a manual labourer and was said to be
Young people are lonelier than older people.
good at using an axe. Life was tough, but these years
strengthened him. He then moved to the town of New D LISTEN FOR DETAIL Listen to the podcast again. Choose
Salem, where he tried a variety of jobs – shopkeeper, 1.5 the correct options (a, b or c) to complete the sentences.
postmaster, general store owner – mostly unsuccessfully. 1 The idea of a minister for loneliness …
It was when he decided to become a lawyer and later to
a is the British Prime Minister’s most unusual idea.
go into politics that he finally found his life’s work.
b is unique to the UK.
4 c will definitely solve the problem.
2 According to the Cigna survey, the loneliest people in
The challenges faced by the world-famous artist Frida
E

the USA are aged …

Kahlo started from an early age. When she was just six
a 16 and under.
years old, she caught polio which left her right leg shorter
and much thinner than the left – something she wore b between 18 and 22.
PL

long skirts to disguise. Perhaps because of her illness, c 75 and over.

Kahlo dreamt of becoming a doctor, but her ambitions 3 The minister for loneliness will …
were cut short when, at the age of 18, she was involved a talk to people who feel lonely.
in a serious traffic accident. Kahlo’s injuries kept her in b help charities which deal with loneliness.
bed for months and left her in serious pain for the rest of
M

c work with different organisations to solve the problem.

her life. However, it was during her recovery that Kahlo
4 The first step to helping others is to …
found her true calling – painting. Although she was
unable to get out of bed, she could see her reflection in a use social media to reach out to people.

take time to get to know people around you.
SA

a mirror opposite where she slept and, as a result, many b

of her paintings were self-portraits – a style for which she c start a conversation with a stranger.
became famous. 5 Older people appreciate practical help because …
a most of them can’t drive.
Glossary
b they find practical matters quite boring.
illiterate (adj) somebody who is not able to read or write
orator (n) somebody who makes formal speeches in public
c it gives them a chance to communicate with others.
or is good at public speaking
EE

polio (n) a serious disease that causes loss of control or E REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions.
feeling in your muscles
1 Do you think the appointment of a ‘minister for
stammer (n) a speech difficulty where words or sounds are
repeated loneliness’ is a good idea? Why/Why not?
2 What other ways can you think of to bring people
together and tackle the problem of loneliness?
FR

CONNEC TIONS 9

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 1.5 Connections

E
Write a formal letter asking for information


WRITING C Replace the sentences (1–5) with their more formal

PL
equivalents (a–e).
A Skim the letter and answer the questions.
a or do you accept people with related skills?
1 What is the purpose of the letter?
b I am writing to enquire about membership of your
2 Who is the letter for? robotics club.
3 Why does the writer begin with Dear Sir/Madam? c I would be grateful if you could let me know before your

M
next meeting.
B STRUCTURING FORMAL LETTERS Read the letter again.
d Could you also tell me if there is a membership fee and if
Put the functions in the order they appear.
it is a one-off or weekly/monthly payment?

SA
request for information
e I would like to know how often the club meets, and where.
sign-off
request for a response
purpose of the letter WRITING PRACTICE
salutation or greeting A PREPARE Read the task below and make notes about
who you are writing to, what you need to know and what
action you expect them to take.

EE
To: [email protected]
From: [email protected] You are keen to join the local sailing club. Write a letter of
enquiry and find out:
Dear Sir/Madam, • when and how often they meet
1
I want to know a bit more info about joining your • how much previous experience is necessary
robotics club. I was looking for a club to join and
FR • how the club ensures your safety
the projects on your website looked the most • what equipment you need.
interesting. However, I have a few questions
I would like to ask before I sign up.
B PLAN Organise your notes from Exercise A into a plan for
2
So first things first, how often do you get together a letter of enquiry.
and where? I was also wondering if the venue is C WRITE Write your letter of enquiry in 150–250 words.
fully equipped or whether I should bring any of my Use your plan to help you.
own tools or parts to the meetings. 3I also want
to know how much I have to pay to be a member D EDIT Edit your letter. Check:
and how often. Lastly, are your members all • spelling and punctuation
E

qualified in robotics, 4or do you let anybody join? • all of the information in the task has been covered
I am studying electronics at college but have a • an appropriate structure/tone has been used.
keen interest in robotics and subscribe to several
PL

magazines on the subject.

5
Let me know by the end of the week, OK – either
by email or telephone. Thank you in advance for
your help.
M

Yours faithfully,

Arjan Khatri
SA
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FR

10 CONNEC TIONS

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 2.1 Lifestyles A full life

E

VOCABULARY B Choose the correct options to complete

PL
the sentences.
Health and fitness 1 Mental / Physical health issues, such as anxiety
A Complete the article with the nouns in the box. and depression, can have serious consequences
on your quality of life.
anxiety calories cholesterol depression obesity stress 2 Not all calorie / processed foods are unhealthy,

M
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
but many of them have added chemicals, salt or
sugar which you might want to avoid.

Staying healthy
3 The average life / age expectancy for women in

SA
the UK is around 80 years, while for men it is a
little less.

as a student 4 Giving up smoking greatly levels / reduces the

risk of serious illness and, in fact, some health
benefits can be measured almost immediately.
BY EMILY FISCHER | 15 OCT
5 Keeping fit and healthy helps to slow the
ageing / disease process, as well as helping you

EE
feel younger.
6 This workout is designed for people with an
average lack / level of fitness.
7 A little bit of stress helps us get things done, but
if you benefit / suffer from constant anxiety, it can
make it difficult to lead a normal life.
FR
8 I’m actually taking my holiday a little earlier this
year as I know I’ll be under / in a lot of pressure
over the summer period.

GRAMMAR
Present perfect simple and
present perfect continuous
A Choose the correct options to complete
the sentences.
E

1 I’ve read / been reading that book you gave me.


I’ve only finished the first few chapters, but it’s
PL

pretty good.
2 I’ve been staying / stayed with Jo all week

because they’re doing some work on my flat.
3 I’ve been losing / lost five kilos already, but I want

to lose at least five more.
M

4 Where on Earth have you been? I’ve phoned /


When you are under a lot of 1 – for been phoning you all day!
example, when you have a lot of studying to do – you 5 Paris? Yes, I’ve been / been going there lots of

need to make sure that you look after yourself both times. What do you want to know?
SA

mentally and physically. 6 I’ve tried / been trying to finish this project for well
Mentally, you could find yourself suffering from

over a week now.
2
, worrying about even the simplest 7 We’ve been spending / spent every summer in
of things. If left untreated, this could lead to

Portugal since we got married there 20 years ago.
3
. Many sufferers are so unhappy that 8 We’ve done / been doing this for hours. Maybe
they find it difficult to lead a normal life and it can be

we should take a break?
incredibly difficult to overcome. 9 I’m really tired actually. I haven’t slept / haven’t
EE

Physically, a lot of people tend to overeat, consuming


been sleeping very well recently.
far more 4 than they can burn off.
10 He has written / has been writing six best-selling
If this continues, it can lead to 5 ,

novels in the past decade.
which has its own set of complications. Stress
and overeating can both cause an increase of
in the blood, which in turn can
FR

cause problems, particularly for the heart.

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 2.1 Lifestyles AXxxx
full life

E


B Complete the sentences with the present perfect or PRONUNCIATION

PL
present perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
Use contractions where possible. Connected speech: present
1 (I / finish) everything perfect continuous
I needed to do for today. Can I go home now? A Listen and circle the sentences you hear (a or b).
2 Your hands are black! What 2.1

M
1 a I’m trying to reach him.
(you / do) this morning?
b I’ve been trying to reach him.
3 I need to be careful with my diet. I think
(I / put on) a little weight since 2 a He’s drinking too much coffee.
the summer.

SA
b He’s been drinking too much coffee.
4 One good thing I’ve managed to do for my health is that 3 a I’ve been looking at places to stay on the island.
(I / give up) smoking.
b I’m looking at places to stay on the island.
5 (We / work) this all week
4 a They’ve been talking about buying a new car.
without a break. I’ll be glad when we finish it.
b They’re talking about buying a new car.
6 I wasn’t happy with the service that company provided
so (I / stop) using them. 5 a We’ve been spending more time together as a family.

EE
7 (Mía / cycle) to work b We’re spending more time together as a family.
while her car is being fixed.
B Listen and complete the sentences.
8 Apparently, (he / already / go)
2.2
to the gym three times this week! 1 living in France for four
years now.
C Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple working part time in a café.
or continuous form of the verbs in the box.
FR 2
3 eating a lot less junk
break call clean finish go (x2) stay wait food recently.
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
4 spending more time with
1 I can’t play on Saturday because I
her family.
my leg!
5 talking about returning to
2 I David all morning, but he isn’t the UK.
answering his phone.
3 I writing the report yet. C Listen again and repeat.
2.2
4 We to the gym for over a
year now.
E

5 Apparently he the downstairs

bathroom, but not the one upstairs.
6 We for you since six o’clock!
PL

7 Phil to Hungary three times.

8 For the last week, I at
Tim’s place.
M
SA
EE
FR

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 2.2 Lifestyles Change

E

GRAMMAR PRONUNCIATION

PL
used to, would, get used to, be Catenation: used to
used to A Listen to the sentences. Which sound is omitted in
2.3 used to – /d/ or /t/?
A Are these sentences correct or incorrect? Rewrite the
incorrect sentences. 1 He used to be a professional footballer.

M
1 I’m still not used to living in the countryside. 2 I’m slowly getting used to life in Japan.
2 He didn’t used to have such long hair. 3 You must be used to the food here by now!
3 We would to sit out on the balcony and talk all night.

SA
B Listen and repeat the sentences.
4 I found it really difficult to get use to wearing contact
2.4

lenses at first. 1 I can’t get used to doing everything on my own.

5 You’ll have to be used to working longer hours now 2 I’m not used to having to cook for myself.

you’ve got your new job. 3 My mum used to take care of things like that.
6 Being the youngest in my family, I soon used to being 4 We always used to eat lovely food at family gatherings.

told what to do. 5 She’s used to getting everything her own way.
7 I’ve lived here for 12 years now and I’m still not used to

EE
6 Have you got used to driving on the left yet?

driving on the left!
8 What would you do in the summer when you were a child?

9 I think I’m slowly getting use to such a long commute.

10 I’d always play football for hours after school in the park.

FR
B Complete the conversation with the correct forms of used to, would,
get used to or be used to.
Natasha: Is this you in the photo?
Dimitri: Yes. It’s a bit embarrassing.
Natasha: You 1 be so sweet!
Dimitri: Thank you. Wait a minute. Are you saying that I’m not

sweet anymore?
Natasha: Well, it was a long time ago – I’m sure I’m not the first person

to point it out to you! You must 2
it by now!
E

Dimitri: One thing I can’t 3 is the fact that


I don’t feel any older. I mean, I look at photographs of me
and I think, ‘I don’t look like that, do I?’
PL

Natasha: Oh, I 4 that years ago. Now, I just


don’t let anyone take my photo!
Dimitri: You know, when I was younger, I 5

often wonder what I would look like when I grew up.
I sometimes 6 imagine I would
M

look like my dad. I guess I do as I get older.

Natasha: I know, right? People 7 say

that I looked like my mum – but they do now! It’s hard
8
growing older. Oh well – we
SA

can’t change the ageing process I guess.

EE
FR

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 2.2 Lifestyles Change
Xxxx

E


PL
M
SA
EE
FR
VOCABULARY
Adverbs of stance; Adverb +
C Complete the email with the adjectives in the box.
adjective collocations
concerned disappointed easy likely ridiculous
A Choose the correct adverbs to complete the sentences.
 ​
 ​
 ​
 ​
1 Naturally / Simply, we all want to find a solution as soon
as possible.
TO ALL
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2 Five years ago, there were plenty of jobs. Merely / Sadly,

this is no longer the case.
3 Social media has undoubtedly / apparently affected the DEPARTMENT MEMBERS
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way we communicate with each other.

4 I didn’t do a lot in my old job. I was naturally / merely
there to make the coffee and answer the phone.
From Chang
5 She is a very unpleasant person and, undoubtedly /
To my mind, the proposal to ban personal
frankly, I don’t want her on my team.
use of the internet in the office is absolutely
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6 Merely / Admittedly, I made a mistake, but we’re all

human, aren’t we?
1
, and I’m
7 Do you remember Sharon? Well, frankly / apparently, bitterly 2
she’s now married and living in New Zealand! with the management’s decision. Naturally,
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8 I’m sorry, but what’s being reported in the press merely / I’m deeply 3
simply isn’t true. about the invasion of privacy that this
B Replace the phrases in italics with adverbs from Exercise A. might cause, but, frankly, it is ridiculously
4
for a
1 I accept that I don’t do as much to help the environment
as I probably should. manager to see if an employee is spending
hours on social media and, in such cases,
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2 To be completely honest, I don’t like her attitude.

3 The money they’re offering is just to keep us quiet. to take disciplinary action. There is no need
4 Of course, we will let you know if anything changes. for such drastic measures and I think it is
5 He’s just bought a Ferrari, from what people say. highly 5 that
6 Although I wish it wasn’t necessary, I have to leave my job. the staff will react very badly to the new rule.
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 2.3 Lifestyles Reading

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READING D IDENTIFY ASSUMPTIONS Read the article again.

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Underline parts of the text that match the
A PREDICT You are going to read an article about assumptions (1–5).
self-help books. What do you think makes them
1 Taking someone’s advice is more difficult than giving it
effective? What are some of the potential issues?
to others.
B SCAN Read How helpful is self-help? quickly. Which of 2 Hearing about the similar experiences of others can

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your ideas from Exercise A are discussed? be helpful.
C READ FOR GIST Read the article again. Choose the best 3 A lot of self-help books are factually inaccurate.
summary (1, 2 or 3) of the writer’s argument. 4 Your current situation can affect what you can achieve.

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1 People rely too heavily on self-help books these days. 5 People don’t need self-help books when the country is

2 Self-help books may offer some useful advice, but only

doing well.
you can drive real change.
E REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions.
3 The majority of self-help books contain
1 Do you believe that self-help books can actually bring
very practical and useful advice.
about change in people’s lives? Why/Why not?
2 In the conclusion, the writer claims that more people

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turn to self-help when the economy is bad. Why do think
this happens?

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How helpful is self-help?

The self-help industry is still booming, offering support for
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everything from giving up caffeine to managing depression.

But is it doing more harm than good? I By Daniel Edwards
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When I was younger, change seemed much easier. If you as a death in the family or a divorce. I think we can all agree that
wanted to get fit, you went for a run. If you didn’t like your job, knowing how others have coped in similar situations can give
you got another one. It’s just common sense, isn’t it? Well, to you the strength to carry on. Also, they are undoubtedly cheaper
a point, yes: do something outside your comfort zone often than paying for a therapist or other professional help.
enough and you’ll soon get used to the discomfort. You may
even become good at it. But as we all know, advice is always While some self-help content does provide good advice, many
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easier to give than to follow, and change can be scary. are, without doubt, full of unscientific nonsense. I can see
how a title like ‘Think Yourself Famous’ might be attractive,
Enter the quick fix – the self-help book. Over the past 20 but in reality, we can’t just get what we want simply by
years, self-help content has exploded, with books, blogs, thinking about it. Another problem is that many of them don’t
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vlogs, podcasts, all dedicated to giving advice. But whether consider social and economic circumstances. If you have the
the huge popularity of the industry proves it is effective time and the money, a nice home and a loving family, then it
is difficult to say. Can we really prove a cause and effect becomes that much easier to make positive changes in your
relationship between the book and the reader’s happiness? life. Whether the idea that it takes 10,000 hours of practice to
Perhaps they started one title, found it didn’t work and tried master something is true or not, at least it makes you realise
another. Perhaps other parts of their life – like their job or that some time and effort are required.
relationship – just got better. It’s impossible to say for certain
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what led to their happiness. The boom of the self-help industry is driven by people’s
desire for quick solutions to difficult problems. It’s also pretty
However, good self-help books do give a clear picture of a interesting that we only seem to turn to self-help when the
problem and how to deal with it. At least you learn something, economy is bad. However, one thing is clear – whatever
even if you don’t follow the advice given, and it might make you inspires you to make a change, only you can make it happen.
more sympathetic to people with a similar issue. They can also be Which, if you think about it, isn’t all that different to how
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a source of comfort when facing life-changing experiences such things used to be.

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 2.4 Lifestyles Xxxx 
Listening

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LISTENING 3 Gudrun’s kind of list helps her clients to …

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a prioritise their goals.
A You are going to listen to an interview about making
lifestyle changes. Which of the following techniques do b track their overall progress.
you think would help? Why? c clearly define their goals.
• Log your progress in a written diary or online blog. 4 Many people avoid support networks because they …

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• Involve a friend or family member in your plans. a don’t know how to explain their issues.
• Reward yourself with a special treat when you reach
b don’t want to be judged by friends and family.
your goal.
c don’t want to admit they have a problem.

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B LISTEN FOR GIST Listen to the interview. Put the 5 Writing about your goals on Facebook will …
2.5 techniques in the order they are mentioned.
a help you stay motivated.
Use social media to log your progress.
b mean you’re less likely to fail.
Set realistic goals.
c earn you more likes and comments.
Ask friends and family for support.
6 One of Gudrun’s clients tracked their daily progress to …
Focus on one change at a time.
a share with his family.

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Make a detailed plan of action.
b encourage others to do the same.
C LISTEN FOR REASONS Listen to the interview again. c help him stick to his goal.
2.5 Choose the correct options (a, b or c) to complete
the sentences. D REFLECT Think about the answers to these questions.
1 People often fail to achieve their goals because 1 Which of the methods discussed in the interview do you
they aren’t …
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think would work best for you? Why?
a detailed enough. 2 What other methods can you think of that might affect
b motivating enough. lasting change?
c challenging enough.
2 Many people struggle with fitness goals because they …
a try to make too many changes at once.
b don’t set achievable targets.
c can’t fit them into their schedules.
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 2.5 Lifestyles Write an article giving advice

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WRITING C GIVING ADVICE Read the article again. Complete the

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sentences (1–6) with the words and phrases (a–f ).
A Think about your habits when working or studying.
a Avoid
How do you avoid getting distracted? Make a list of five
techniques you use. b It’s a good idea to
c whatever you do, don’t
B Read How to stop putting things off. Were any of your

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techniques from Exercise A mentioned? d Remember to
e Make sure
f try to

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D Rewrite the advice using the words in bold.
1 Making a plan before you start is always helpful.
Try to .
2 Doing some physical exercise will help a lot.
It’s a good idea .

How to stop putting things off 3 Try not to use your mobile after 10 pm.

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Avoid .
4 Breaking tasks down into stages is very important.
The poet Edward Young called procrastination ‘the thief of Make sure you .
time’ because it is the one thing you can never get back. 5 Remember to reward yourself.
Whatever excuses you find for putting off tasks, it always
Whatever you do, don’t .
leads to worry and stress. We all do this at one time or
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another, depending on the difficulty of the task. But 1 let
it become a habit. Here are some tips to help you! WRITING PRACTICE
What’s the problem? A PREPARE You are going to write an article giving advice
Emotions are often the cause of procrastination. If it is fear about public speaking. Use the following questions to
or boredom that’s stopping you from getting started, follow make notes:
these rules: 1 Would you be nervous if you had to give a speech? How
• Take time to think about your real reason for putting off the would you control your nerves?
task. Is there really a problem? Or is that just an excuse? 2 What kind of preparation do you think is needed before
• If negative emotions are the issue, 2 replace them with making a speech?
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a can-do attitude. Do some physical activity. Believe me, 3 What advice would you give to someone who has to
it works! speak in public for the first time?
Getting started
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B PLAN Organise your notes from Exercise A into a plan for

Once you’ve identified the problem, take the following steps an article.
to get started:
• 3 break a big task down into smaller stages that are C WRITE Write your article in 150–250 words. Use your
plan to help you.
easier to manage.
• Put it in writing! A written plan of action will give you D EDIT Edit your article. Check:
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confidence to see the task through. • spelling and punctuation

Keep going • use of expressions to give advice
Now you’ve begun, follow these simple rules to keep working: • appropriacy of ideas (e.g. Is the advice clear? Is it
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• 4 there are no distractions. Turn your phone off, or put good advice?).
it into flight mode so you can’t check your emails or go on
social media.
Glossary
• 5 any negative thinking now that you have got started.
procrastination (n) delaying something that must be
• 6 congratulate or even reward yourself when you done, usually because it is boring or unpleasant
complete each part of the task.
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Job done
Congratulations! You got your work done. It feels good,
doesn’t it? I’m sure you feel more confident and you’ll no
doubt sleep much better tonight.
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