EXCRETION AND
HOMEOSTASIS :
THERMOREGULATION
10th 2024
Presented By : Anggita Intan Cahyani
A. COORDINATION AND RESPONSE (CONTINUED) 1
1. Describe homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant internal environment
2. Explain the concept of homeostatic control by negative feedback with reference
to a set point
3. State that insulin decreases blood glucose concentratioN
4. Identify in diagrams and images of the skin: hairs, hair erector muscles, sweat
glands, receptors, sensory neurones, blood vessels and fatty tissue
5. Describe the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature in mammals
in terms of: insulation, sweating, shivering and the role of the brain
6. Describe the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature in mammals
in terms of vasodilation and vasoconstriction of arterioles supplying skin surface
capillaries
Homoiterm is animal that maintain
their body temperature to certain set
point.
Pikiloterm is animal that do not
maintain their body temperature to
certain set point.
WHAT ABOUT HUMAN?
1. HEALTHY PERSON IS CHARACTERIZED BY GOOD ABILITY TO
MAINTAIN STABIL INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
To maintain good metabolism, our body
have to be stabil internal environment.
It can be achieved by good glucose
regulation, urine production and
excretion, heat loss regulation, etc.
Our body ability to maintain stabil
internal environment is called
HOMEOSTASIS.
2. HOMEOSTASIS CAN BE ACHIEVED BY NORMAL TEMPERATURE
IN BODY
Normal body temperature is around 37 degrees Celsius -> set
point.
As an homoiterm animal, we tend to make our body temperature
is around set point.
WHAT ARE EXAMPLE OF HOMOITERM ANIMAL EXCEPT
HUMAN?
WHY DOES OUR BODY TEMPERATURE HAVE TO BE
MAINTAINED AROUND 37 DEGREES CELSIUS?
All metabolism is facilitated by enzyme and hormone.
Enzyme to catalyze reaction and hormone to be chemical
messenger.
The monomer (brick to made up wall) of enzyme and hormone
is protein.
Protein has characteristic that can be denatured at certain
point above 37 degrees Celsius, will work efficiently at 37
degrees Celsius, and will work slowly at 37 degrees Celsius.
So that by maintaining our body temperature in 37 degrees
Celsius, enzyme and hormone work well and our metabolism
run well
3. THERMOREGULATION WORK WITH NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
BETWEEN EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE AND INTERNAL
TEMPERATURE
When external temperature is higher, our body tend to lowering
internal body temperature by cooling down so that it can reach
set point.
When external temperature is lower, our body tend to
increasing internal body temperature by minimizing heat loss
so that it can reach set point.
Nervous system play main role in this case
THERMOREGULATOR
Dead cell layer to prevent water evaporation
Epidermis, Mesodermis, Endodermis, Hypodermis are layered
cells to protect skin.
Sweat gland in dermis to excrete sweat as excretion form of
excess water and salt to increase cooling down.
Muscle around hair to contract/ relax as response to certain
external temperature.
Blood vessel in dermis to receive and transport heat aroun the
skin tissue.
Fat tissue to insulate/ warm body and energy reserve storage
DO YOU AGREE THAT PEOPLE WITH LOW FAT TISSUE
CONCENTRATION EASILY GET COLD? WHY?
The central nervous system for thermoregulation is
hypothalamus (sense thermal in blood/internal environment)
The peripheral nervous system for thermoregulation is skin
thermoreceptor (sense thermal in external environment)
The term body temperature refer
to the temperature that is detected
by hypothalamus or skin
thermoreceptor?
When there is difference between the thermal that is detected in
blood and external temperature, Hypothalamus and skin
thermoreceptor will do COORDINATION AND RESPONSE.
The purpose of this coordination and response is to maintain
homeostasis by achieving body temperature around around 37
degrees celsius -> THERMOREGULATION.
WHEN OUR BODY
TEMPERATURE IS
TOO COLD
In this case our body response to
the stimuli of low temperature is
by creating series of action for
preventing heat loss.
So that the body temperature is
around 37 degrees Celsius.
Thermoreceptor in skin detect low temperature. It makes the heat that is transported
through blood is decrease.
When the heat in blood is decrease it make blood thermal is below set point/ 37 degrees
Celsius.
This decrease in blood thermal is detected as stimuli by thermoreceptor in Hypothalamus.
Hypothalamus create impuls, then it is transmitted along the neuron towards effector,
such as skin
The reaction may be various :
1. Muscle contract SO THAT skin hair is straight up to prevent more lose of heat.
2. Muscle contract SO THAT the rate of metabolism is faster to increase ATP production that
make heat.
3. Muscle contract SO THAT the blood vessel contricted (smalled diameter) to minimize heat
loss and faster the blood pressure to distribute heat -> VASOCONSTRICTION.
4. Muscle contract SO THAT the sweat gland constricted (smaller diameter) to minimize
sweat excretion
WHEN OUR BODY
TEMPERATURE IS
TOO HOT
In this case our body response
to the stimuli of high
temperature is by creating
series of action for increasing
heat loss/cooling down.
So that the body temperature
is around 37 degrees Celsius.
Thermoreceptor in skin detect high temperature. It makes the heat that is transported
through blood is increase.
When the heat in blood is increase it make blood thermal is above set point/ 37 degrees
Celsius.
This increase in blood thermal is detected as stimuli by thermoreceptor in Hypothalamus.
Hypothalamus create impuls, then it is transmitted along the neuron towards effector,
such as skin
The reaction may be various :
1. Muscle relax SO THAT skin hair is flat to increase lose of heat.
2. Muscle relax SO THAT the rate of metabolism is slower to decrease ATP production that
make heat.
3. Muscle relax SO THAT the blood vessel dilated (bigger diameter) to increase heat loss and
slower the blood pressure to distribute heat -> VASODILATATION.
4. Muscle relax SO THAT the sweat gland (bigger diameter) to maximize sweat excretion
HOW DOES
OUR
RESPONSE TO
THIS SUCH A
CONDITION?
HOW DOES
OUR
RESPONSE TO
THIS SUCH A
CONDITION?
THANK YOU
DO THE ASSIGNMENT IN EDUNAV
MAY GOD ALWAYS HELP YOU TO UNDERSTAND
THIS MATERIAL
SEE YOU.
