التحالف والخلاف بين السلطتين الدينية والسياسية نهاية عصر المرابطين
التحالف والخلاف بين السلطتين الدينية والسياسية نهاية عصر المرابطين
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003-008
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The alliance and disagreement between the Religious and
political authorities, The end of the Almoravid era and the
beginning of the Almohad era
150 -133¥n HADJ ABDELKADER Ikhlef- درJ* اv جA > # :>*¿3 اiJ* وX&ا
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[email protected] ::wوJ£Ÿ9L&'nJK9ا/+,ا./0 ا-1ان+}*;@&و$s&-&@P*ƒ#L
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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Abstract: The duality of the relationship between religion and politics in building
medieval Islamic states was the most important topic addressed by the contemporary
Arab epistemology of events. In this context comes the religious calls that moved from
the Islamic East to the Maghreb and Andalusia- Either through Mashariqa, they made
their way to the Islamic West, which was a fertile ground for the cultivation of
invitations from the East, and the ease of spreading and adopting them, and working to
establish states based on the marriage of religious and tribal fanatics- Or through
Maghrebis who had a solid scientific base that based its education on the East, and it
was carrying the project of establishing a political king with a religious reference.
Thus, that alliance arose between the political and spiritual authorities, as is the
case with the Almoravid state, which at the end of its reign collided with a new
authority in which the two aforementioned authorities allied themselves, in order to
undermine the pillars of the Lamtonian state and establish the new Almohad state on its
ruins, according to an elaborate planning that took advantage of all circumstances, to
turn the dream of the project into a reality on the ground, and they had what they
wanted after a while.
Keywords: Religious call- Authority Politics- Alliance- Collision- The state-
Almoravids- Almohads- The Maghreb- Andalus- Islamic West- Tribal fanaticism.
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
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DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
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DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178
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