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التحالف والخلاف بين السلطتين الدينية والسياسية نهاية عصر المرابطين

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views18 pages

التحالف والخلاف بين السلطتين الدينية والسياسية نهاية عصر المرابطين

Uploaded by

Moussa Djilah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫ا‬ ‫"!

ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬


1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003-008
& -*‫ •"`ن ا* ’ وا‬-*‫ف ?`ن ا‬%‘ ‫ا*" *> وا‬
@ A 3‫ ا‬a ‫ ا‬u‫ ا?•`ن و‬3‫ا‬ »
The alliance and disagreement between the Religious and
political authorities, The end of the Almoravid era and the
beginning of the Almohad era
150 -133¥n HADJ ABDELKADER Ikhlef-‫ در‬J*‫ ا‬v ‫ ج‬A > # :>*¿3‫ ا‬iJ*‫ و‬X&‫ا‬
&‫م‬8N;9‫@&وا‬PQ$[wL&‫م‬8N;9‫@&ا‬PN‚&-‫ر‬$˜R&"NF‫&و‬€o‫ر‬$=9‫["&ا‬%&-‫&أ‬+b$)*&‫ذ‬$=#‫ أ‬:‚¦3‫ وا*) ان ا‬1‫ا* ر‬
[email protected] ::w‫و‬J£Ÿ9L&'nJK9‫ا‬/+,‫ا‬./0‫ ا‬-1‫ان‬+}‫*;@&و‬$s&-&@P*ƒ#L
‫ـــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــ‬
2022/09/11 :‫ ل‬vJ*‫ ر ا‬..2022/07/15 : )1‫ ا‬3‫ ر ا‬..2022/06/12 :‫ ل‬J3‫ ل ا‬vJ"&‫ر ا‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
&@PV#‫و‬+W9‫@&ا‬P*ƒ#L& ‫'ول‬9‫ء&ا‬$·?&•ž&@#$P[9‫†&وا‬n'9‫@&?‡ن&ا‬%ƒ;9‫@&ا‬P,$·˜&ÅNp¸ :¥‘¼3‫ا‬
&،‫'اث‬3G&ZN=9&‫ة‬+|$;>‫@&ا‬PS+;9‫&ا‬$Pj‫ا‬+¾8V#L&$‹Ù9‫و‬$·k&5y9‫•&ا‬Pb‫ا‬8>‫&أ}"&ا‬،@PS+^*‫@&و‬P%+q*
&‫ب‬+^>‫د &ا‬ƒ?& Dœ‫ &إ‬:*ƒ#L& ‫ق‬+q>‫ &*† &ا‬ÅNW=Q‫ &ا‬5y9‫@ &ا‬Pªn'9‫ات &ا‬8F'9‫ق &ا‬$P[9‫• &}•ا &ا‬ž& :À”o‫و‬
ّ @%‫ر‬$q*& @V#‫ا‬8?& $*‫&إ‬
&‫ا‬8W¸& ّ $M9$W=Q‫ن &ا‬$‚‫ك؛ &و‬$·}& @P*ƒ#L& ‫ق‬+B9‫ر &ا‬8MA& '; & ،¼9'QG‫و‬
&†*& ‫اردة‬89‫ات &ا‬8F'9‫ت &ا‬$hª=#¦& @hgŠ& $b‫ن &أر‬$‚& ‫•ي‬9‫ &ا‬،:*ƒ#L& ‫ب‬+^9‫ &ا‬Dœ‫" &إ‬MWo+7
ّ
&@s‫او‬.>‫&ا‬DEF&‫ء‬$·?&¯F$W|‫•&أ‬ž& ‫'ول‬9‫¼&ا‬f#”k&DEF&{(;9‫&وا‬،$‹«·rk‫&و‬$}+qw&@98M#‫&و‬، ‫ق‬+q>‫ا‬
ّ @S‫ر‬$^*& io+7& †F&‫@؛ &أو‬PNhW9‫@ &وا‬Pªn'9‫=‡ن &ا‬Prg;9‫?‡ن &ا‬
&،"N;N9& $hN7& "‹Œƒ3‫• &ر‬ž& ‫ا‬8%+¸&
&DEF& $MBPWOk‫ &و‬$M(PN;À& •ž& ‫ت‬.Ÿk‫ &ار‬،@hN|& @P(NF& ‫'ة‬F$%& "‹Œ‫د‬8F& '; & ‫ن‬8pN=(n& ‫روا‬$gj
.@Pªn‫=¯&د‬P;s+*&5d×$P#&ZN*&¼f#”k&‫وع‬+q*&$M[BQ&•ž&{()k&ÅQ$‚‫&و‬،‫ق‬+q>‫ا‬
&@h[ª9$?&‫ل‬$š0‫&ا‬8}&$(‘&،@P3‫و‬+9‫@&وا‬P·*.9‫=‡ن&ا‬VN[9‫<&?‡ن&ا‬9$)=9‫&ا‬Z9‫”&ذ‬qw&$·}&†*‫و‬
&‫=‡ن‬VN[9‫ &ا‬$‹«j& ÅB9$)k& ‫'ة‬n's& @VN[ & $}'MF& @n$‹ä& •ž& Å*'V|‫ &ا‬5y9‫ &ا‬،‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫@ &ا‬9‫'و‬9
&@n'38>‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫¼&ا‬f#”=?&‫م‬$PW9‫&وا‬،@PQ8=(N9‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫ن&ا‬$‚‫©&أر‬o8Wk&{s‫&*†&أ‬،$BQ‫‡ن&آ‬k‫ر‬8‚•>‫ا‬
&،@3$=>‫ت &ا‬$Q$p*L‫وف &و‬+Ï9‫• &ا‬P(s& {^=#‫&ا‬ّ "Ÿ)*& ›PVXk& ij‫ &و‬،$Mb$WQ‫ &أ‬DEF& ‫'ة‬n'/0‫ا‬
&DEF&Å*$%&@PV?‫ا‬+>‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫&ا‬ÅQ$‚&‫ذا‬åj .•%‫ا‬89‫&أرض&ا‬DEF&@WPW3&Dœ‫وع&إ‬+q>‫"&ا‬N3&{o8)=9

133
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

ّ
&•(zP#&<9$)=9‫¼&ا‬BQ& ‫ن‬åj&،@P3‫&رو‬ ‫ى‬+ŠG‫@&و‬P·*‫&ز‬$(}‫'ا‬3‫=‡ن&إ‬VN#&‫<&?‡ن‬9$)k&‫س‬$#‫أ‬
&‫ط‬8W[ & 5 =ªo‫ &و‬،‫=‡ن‬9‫'و‬9‫اع &?‡ن &ا‬+g9‫ف &وا‬ƒÕ0‫'أ &ا‬hP9& ،@n'38>‫@ &ا‬9‫'و‬9‫• &ا‬ž& ‫‡ن‬Ns‫?‡ن &ر‬
ّ
&‫'دا&?‡ن‬z*&•(zn&{n'S‫'&و‬n's&<9$)=?&@n'38>‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫م&ا‬$P%‫&و‬،@PV?‫ا‬ +>‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫ة&وا‬8F'9‫ا‬
.‫م‬8N;*&Å%‫&و‬Dœ‫@&إ‬P·*.9‫@&وا‬P3‫و‬+9‫*=‡ن&ا‬$F.9‫ا‬
‫@؛‬9‫'و‬9‫دم؛ ا‬$g=9‫<؛ ا‬9$)=9‫@؛ ا‬#$P[9‫@ ا‬VN[9‫@؛ ا‬Pªn'9‫ة &ا‬8F'9‫ ا‬: A " 3 ‫ا*{ ت‬
.@PNhW9‫@&ا‬Prg;9‫؛ ا‬:*ƒ#L&‫ب‬+^9‫¼؛ ا‬9'QG ‫ب؛‬+^>‫'ون؛ ا‬38>‫ن؛&ا‬8V?‫ا‬+>‫ا‬
Abstract: The duality of the relationship between religion and politics in building
medieval Islamic states was the most important topic addressed by the contemporary
Arab epistemology of events. In this context comes the religious calls that moved from
the Islamic East to the Maghreb and Andalusia- Either through Mashariqa, they made
their way to the Islamic West, which was a fertile ground for the cultivation of
invitations from the East, and the ease of spreading and adopting them, and working to
establish states based on the marriage of religious and tribal fanatics- Or through
Maghrebis who had a solid scientific base that based its education on the East, and it
was carrying the project of establishing a political king with a religious reference.
Thus, that alliance arose between the political and spiritual authorities, as is the
case with the Almoravid state, which at the end of its reign collided with a new
authority in which the two aforementioned authorities allied themselves, in order to
undermine the pillars of the Lamtonian state and establish the new Almohad state on its
ruins, according to an elaborate planning that took advantage of all circumstances, to
turn the dream of the project into a reality on the ground, and they had what they
wanted after a while.
Keywords: Religious call- Authority Politics- Alliance- Collision- The state-
Almoravids- Almohads- The Maghreb- Andalus- Islamic West- Tribal fanaticism.
&5y9‫&ا‬،{*‫ا‬8;9‫ز&ا‬+?‫&أ‬5d×$P[9‫•&ا‬%‫ا‬89‫&ا‬DEF&$}J‡˜”k‫@&و‬Pªn'9‫ات&ا‬8F'9‫•&ا‬ž&—)h9‫{&ا‬pqâ : J
&،›P#89‫&ا‬+g;9‫ل&ا‬ƒŠ&‫'ول‬9‫ء&ا‬$·?&•ž&@PV#‫و‬+W9‫@&ا‬PS+;9‫&ا‬$Pj‫ا‬+¾8V#L&‫ن‬$Ï*&$‹’F&Ř')k
&+VŠ& †*& $‹ $W?& DEF& $A$B3& $‹°$š±‫ت &أ‬$#$P#& †F& ‫•ود‬9‫ &وا‬$M[f#”k& ‫وع‬+q*& @Wj‫ا‬+*‫و‬
&@%ƒ;9‫@&ا‬P,$·˜&@/0$;*&‫'دﻩ‬g?&†)Q&‫•ي‬9‫ع&ا‬8b8>‫ل&ا‬ƒŠ&†*& ‫ول‬$)·#‫ و‬.‫وال‬.9‫ط&وا‬8W[9‫ا‬
&‫ة‬8F'N9&‫ن‬$‚&†n‫&أ‬،›P#89‫&ا‬+g;9‫•&ا‬ž&‫ب‬+^>‫د&ا‬ƒ?&•ž&@PNhW9‫@&ا‬Prg;9‫@&وا‬Pªn'9‫@&ا‬Prg;9‫?‡ن&ا‬
&•*&@P·*.9‫@&ا‬VN[9‫&ا‬$‹«j&ÅB9$)k&،$M9$z*&DEF& ‫'ول‬9‫'&*†&ا‬n';9‫ر&ا‬8MA&•ž& ‫رز‬$?&‫@&دور‬Pªn'9‫ا‬
.$‹ä$VN#&ÅPrOk‫&و‬$}'F‫ا‬8%&‫ء‬$#‫&وإر‬$M*$P%&•ž&@P3‫و‬+9‫@&ا‬VN[9‫ا‬
ّ
&‫{ ?‡ن‬o‫= و‬N9& @9$(š0‫&ا‬ @9¦'9‫@ &ا‬P·Ï9‫ص &ا‬8g·N9 "MB9‫رض &ا‬$;À& ‫أن‬ ّ & ¯Pj& Z¸&
ّ ¦& $(*‫و‬
ّ
&ÅN;s&5y9‫&ا‬،@Ph}•>$?&c ّ [â&$*&‫ر‬8MA&¯·F&Ú=Q&‫•ي‬9‫أي&ا‬+9‫ف&ا‬ƒ=Š‫•&ا‬ž&$hr#&‫ن‬$‚
ّ &،‫ء‬$MWB9‫ا‬
134
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

ّ
&•*&•#‫ر‬$Š&‫دم‬$gk&Dœ‫ل &إ‬8)=n&$M*$p3‫@ &و‬VN[9‫ء&ا‬$(NF&‫@&?‡ن‬9‫'و‬9‫ر&ا‬$7‫{&إ‬Š‫<&دا‬9$)=9‫*†&ا‬
&¨}•>‫©&ا‬o8W=9&$}JKF&$‹°$VŠ&‫ر‬JKk&‫أن‬ ّ ّ
& ˆ(Vk‫&و‬،@B9$X*&@Ph}•*&‫را‬$pj‫&أ‬c6hÜk&@¤¸$Q&‫ة‬ ّ
8%
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&،@N,‫ا‬.9‫&ا‬
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.‫م‬12/‫ه‬6&‫ن‬+W9‫ول&*†&ا‬G&<g·9‫ل&ا‬ƒŠ&¼9'QG‫&و‬:*ƒ#L
&@9‫'و‬9‫{ &ا‬A& •ž& @PNhW9‫@ &وا‬Pªn'9‫=‡ن &ا‬Prg;9‫• &?‡ن &ا‬EŠ‫'ا‬9‫< &ا‬9 =9‫ &ا‬Z9‫'ث &ذ‬3& <PŸj
ّ
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ّ ّ
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ّ ّ ّ
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:•œ$=9$‚&$(}&†o+g·F‫و‬
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.†n'38>‫@&ا‬n‫'ا‬S‫‡ن&و‬V?‫ا‬+>‫&ا‬+gF&@n$‹ä&5d×$P[9‫&وا‬56n'9‫ ا‬+ŸB9‫ف&?‡ن&ا‬ƒÕ0‫<&وا‬9$)=9‫&ا‬-
.—)h9‫ل&ا‬ƒŠ&†*&$‹«9‫|{&إ‬8=>‫ت&ا‬$s$=ª=#Ã‫&و‬Ú,$=·9‫&أ}"&ا‬$‹«j&$·;(s&@(k$Š&"˜
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ّ ّ ّ
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&†*& ‫ت‬$PgÕë‫ة &و‬8V[9‫&وا‬ ّ ‫ة‬8W9‫&ا‬
ّ ZN(k& ،$‹Œ‫·@ &?•ا‬P;*&
ّ {,$h%&‫(• &?‡ن‬s ،<9$)k& @zPÜQ& ‫ن‬$‚
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ّ ّ ّ
&،‫•&*)'د‬ž‫ا‬ +^s&‫ل‬$z*&•ž&$M[BQ&‫ض‬+Bk&"˜&JKŸk‫&و‬8(·k&cy3& ،@n$F+9$?&$} ¦8=o‫&و‬$‹Œ‫رع&?•ر‬.o‫و‬
ّ
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&Dœ‫@&إ‬s$‹’|&<N3&"PF‫&ز‬:w8=(N9‫"&ا‬P}‫ا‬+?‫•&?†&إ‬Än&J‡*G&D #&@S+z=9‫&}•ﻩ&ا‬iNV·*&†*‫و‬
ّ ‫اء‬+š$9‫ج &*† &ا‬+Š& —P3& ،$M9& ›VŠ& ّ
&‫ع‬$WhN9& $s$3& '%& †Ÿn& "9& ‫ &وإن‬،@n$^9‫ &ا‬ZNk& iPW)k
&‫ر‬$n'N9&¯k‫د‬8F&io+7&•ž‫"؛&و‬P}‫ا‬+?‫&ا?·¯&إ‬-¯*8%&DEF&-¯BNŠ&‫ك‬+k‫م&و‬1035/‫ه‬427&‫م‬$F&@#'W>‫ا‬ ّ

135
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

&‫ان‬+(F& :»‫م&أ‬$*L&¯Q$*‫"&ز‬9$; &éW=9‫ك&ا‬$·}‫&و‬،‫ز‬$P=*$?&@P(NF&‫ة‬+b$3&ÅQ$‚&5y9‫وان&ا‬J‡W9$?&+* ّ


ّ ‫ة‬8%‫&و‬
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ّ ¯P9‫)'ث &إ‬k& ّ ‫ص &}•ا‬+3& ‫ان‬+(F&8?‫ &أ‬€Pq9‫½ &ا‬3¦‫و‬
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ّ
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&¯PWB9$?& •Än&J‡*G& DEF& ‫ان‬+(F&8?‫ &أ‬€Pq9‫ر&ا‬$¸‫¯ &أ‬s‫[† &و‬3‫ &أ‬DEF& @(M>‫&ا‬ ّ ‫‹•ﻩ‬°& ‫م‬$PWN9‫و‬
ّ
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ّ
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ّ
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.109‫&ص‬،1956&،‫ة‬+}$W9‫&ا‬-:»+;9‫&ا‬+ŸB9‫&دار&ا‬،›P#89‫&ا‬+g;9‫•&ا‬ž&‫ب‬+^>‫&ا‬€o‫ر‬$k&†*&@%+q*&@)B|&-‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫@&ا‬9‫م&دو‬$P%&،‫د‬8()*&'(3‫[†&أ‬3 -1
.123-122“|&،1972&،‫ط‬$S+9‫&ا‬-@%‫را‬89‫@&وا‬F$hVN9&‫ر‬8g·>‫&ا‬،‫س‬$j&@·n'*&€o‫ر‬$k‫ب&و‬+^>‫ك&ا‬8N*&‫ر‬$hŠ‫•&أ‬ž&‫س‬$7+W9‫وض&ا‬+?&‫ب‬+V>‫¼&ا‬fQG&،5d×$B9‫&زرع&ا‬:»‫ ا?†&أ‬-2
.49-48“|&،40-36“|&،‫م‬2006/‫ه‬1427&،1‫&ط‬،‫ة‬+}$W9‫&ا‬-@(sJ£9‫ز •&وا‬8=9‫&وا‬+qªN9&‫أ‬+%‫[@&ا‬#¬*&،‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫@&ا‬9‫·'&دو‬F&‫‡ن‬Ÿ(=9‫¯&ا‬Wj&،:»ƒg9‫•&*)('&ا‬EF&-3
.859‫&ص‬،2‫&ج‬،1992&،‫وت‬J‡?&،:*ƒ#L&‫ب‬+^9‫&دار&ا‬،Z9$(>‫&وا‬Z9$[>‫&ا‬،‫ي‬+Ÿh9‫'&ا‬PhF&8?‫&أ‬- 4
&•b‫ن&وو‬£>‫›&ا‬hb&،JK‘G&‫”ن‬q9‫}"&*†&ذوي&ا‬+|$F&†*‫&و‬+?JK9‫ب&وا‬+;9‫&ا‬€o‫ر‬$k&•ž&JKÕ0‫='أ&وا‬h>‫ان&ا‬8n‫&د‬c ّ [>‫'ون&ا‬NŠ&†?‫&ا‬€o‫ر‬$k&،‫'ون‬NŠ&†?&†(3+9‫'&ا‬hF& - 5
&'·F&‫ان‬8·;9‫•ا&ورد&ا‬Ÿ}& .243‫&ص‬،6‫&ج‬،‫م‬2000/‫ه‬1421&،‫وت‬J‡?& -• ‫ز‬8=9‫&وا‬+qª9‫@&وا‬F$hVN9&+ŸB9‫&دار&ا‬،‫ر‬$‚‫{&ز‬PM#&@;s‫ا‬+*&،‫دة‬$šë&{PNŠ& ‫رس‬$MB9‫&وا‬5dà‫ا‬8š0‫ا‬
ّ
&‫ن‬$VN[9‫}"&*†&ذوي&ا‬+|$F&†*‫&و‬،&+?JK9‫"&&وا‬/G9‫ب&وا‬+;9‫م&ا‬$n‫•&أ‬ž&،JKÕ0‫='أ&وا‬h>‫ان&ا‬8n‫&ود‬JK;9‫ب&ا‬$=‘ ":‫ان‬8·F&Å)k&@78VX*&@Õïw&•ž&‫&ورد‬$(‘&،‫ب‬$=Ÿ9‫&ا‬iW)*
&¨o+;À‫&و‬iPW)k&،@o‫و‬$[(·9‫@&ا‬P·789‫@&ا‬h=Ÿ>‫•&ا‬ž&@PS+;9‫ت&ا‬$78VX>‫س&ا‬+Mj :+Ï·n .159 :‫وراق‬G&‫'د‬F&،N.F.186.b. :½Bš0‫&ا‬.*‫&ر‬،676 :"%+9‫&ا‬،(@*'W>‫")ا‬JK‘G
ّ •ž& JKÕ0‫='أ &وا‬h>‫ان &ا‬8n‫&ود‬JK;9‫ن &ا‬$(s+k"& "#$?& $µn‫ وورد &أ‬.282‫ &ص‬،‫م‬2008/‫ه‬1429& ،1‫ &ط‬،@P(N;9‫ &ا‬$Bg9‫@ &ا‬WPW¸& ،Æâ$F& '()*& iP%'k‫و‬
&‫ب‬+;9‫م &ا‬$n‫&أ‬
Die .2583&"%‫&ر‬Å)k&،iq*'?&@PS+;9‫ت&ا‬$#‫'را‬N9&5dew+B9‫'&ا‬M;>‫•&ا‬ž&‫دة‬8s8>‫&ا‬€PQ8P*&@h=Ÿ*&‫ت‬$78VX* :+Ï·n .@%‫ &ور‬332&•ž&،373 :"%‫&ر‬،(@*'W>‫")ا‬+?JK9‫وا‬
Arabischen handschriften Der Staatsbiblithek K. Hof-Und in Muenchen, Beschrieben von Joseph AUMER, secrtar an der K. Bibliteck,
.139‫&ص‬،Unveranderter Nachdruck, 1970, Otto Harrassowitz Wiesbaden.

136
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‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

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&Z9•?&‫ا‬8*§£Nn&"Nj&،'Nzn&$Q‫•&و*†&ز‬VWn&‫ق‬+#&†*‫={&و‬Wn&{=%&†*&‫&وأن‬،+,‫ا‬ ّ +3&‫ة‬8[w&@;»‫*†&أر‬
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&"P}‫ا‬+?‫•&?†&إ‬Än&"M;*‫ &و‬،@9‫'ا‬s&†*&‫ل‬$s‫;@&ر‬h#&@hš$?&"‹Œ8V#&†*&$B,$Š&$‹’*&‫ج‬+Xj
&،‫ء‬$=q9‫•&ا‬ž&‫ا‬+(¾‫<&و‬Pg>‫•&ا‬ž&$3$µš &$‹Œ$Ms&†*&{P·9‫&ا‬+)?&›P)n&‫ة‬8S‫ "ر‬Dœ‫ ووا&إ‬j&،‫ﻩ‬8Š‫وأ‬
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ّ ّ ّ
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&@·#&+B|&•ž&{s‫˜@&آ¦ف&ر‬ƒO?&$}‫ا‬.¾&5y9‫@&ا‬9‫'ا‬z?&‫'أ‬S‫&و‬، ّ ّ
iš0‫†&ا‬n'?&‫ا‬8·n'n&"9‫ت&و‬$* +ّ )>‫ا‬
ّ
&‫ض‬+j&$>&‫ا‬8?$z=#‫={&*’‹"& ;'&أن&ا‬Wnُ &"9&†*&{Pr#&DEŠ‫"&و‬M*.Mj&،‫م‬1042&JK(=r#/‫ه‬434

.111‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫•&ا‬s+>‫&ا‬،‫د‬8()*&'(3‫[†&أ‬3&- 1
ّ
.8‫&ص‬،4‫&ج‬،1983&،3‫&ط‬،‫وت‬J‡?&،@j$WO9‫&دار&ا‬،‫س‬$hF&‫ن‬$[3‫&إ‬iPW)k&،‫ب‬+^>‫¼&وا‬9'QG& ‫ر‬$hŠ‫•&أ‬ž&‫ب‬+^>‫ن&ا‬$Ph9‫&ا‬،5d ‘‫ا‬+>‫•اري&ا‬F&†?‫&ا‬-2
&‫'ر‬g>‫&ا‬،‫&زرع‬:»‫ ا?†&أ‬/.140‫&ص‬،24‫&ج‬،(‫ت‬.‫&)د‬،‫وت‬J‡?&،@P(N;9‫=¨&ا‬Ÿ9‫&دار&ا‬،56P3+k&'Pz>‫'&ا‬hF&iPW)k&،‫دب‬G&‫ن‬8·j&•ž&‫رب‬G&@n$‹ä&،†n'9‫ب&ا‬$M¸&‫ي‬+o8·9‫ &ا‬-3
.124‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫ا‬
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ّ
.227‫&ص‬،1964&،‫ء‬$µPh9‫'ار&ا‬9‫&ا‬،‫ب‬$=Ÿ9‫&دار&ا‬،:w$=Ÿ9‫"&ا‬P}‫ا‬+?‫دي&*)('&إ‬$h;9‫ر&ا‬$=X*&'(3‫أ‬
&،1‫&ط‬،‫ة‬+}$W9‫&ا‬،‫رف‬$;>‫&دار&ا‬،¨PN|&‫ض‬$o‫&ر‬Å/Ó?&@PS+;9‫&ا‬Dœ‫(@&إ‬sJ£9‫;@&ا‬s‫ا‬+*&،+gQ&<#8n&'P[9‫&ا‬iPN;À‫"&و‬n'Wk‫(@&و‬s+k&،$PWo+j‫ب&إ‬+¾&€o‫ر‬$k&،‫ دي‬.•# .ÚPj&- 6
.49-48‫&ص‬،1982
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137
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

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ّ
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&• $h9‫&وا‬،@#$(N/"‫@&و‬F‫ء&در‬$MWj&DEF&",$·^9‫(¼&ا‬Š&"[%‫&و‬،‫د‬8;[*ّ &"}J‡*‫={&أ‬%‫‡ن&و‬o‫او‬+^>‫ا‬
&†?‫ر&ا‬$=Š$j& ،‫دان‬8[9‫د &ا‬ƒ?& •ž& ‫}'ا‬$z*&+(F& †?& •Än&J‡*G& 'MqÜ#‫‡ن؛ &وا‬V?‫ا‬+>‫·' &ا‬s& DEF
ّ
.3‫م‬1056&{o+?‫&أ‬-‫رس‬$*/‫ه‬448&@·#&‫م‬+)*&•ž&¯Q$p*&:w8=(N9‫&ا‬ +(F&†?&+Ÿ?&$?‫ﻩ&أ‬$Š‫‡ن&أ‬#$n
&،‫*'ة‬$g>‫س &وا‬8[9‫د &ا‬ƒ?&Dœ‫وج&إ‬+Õþ9&+(F& †?&+Ÿ?&8?‫&أ‬J‡*G& ‫‡ن‬#$n& †?& ‫' &ﷲ‬hF& ‫'ب‬Q‫و‬
ّ
&‫س‬8[9‫د&ا‬ƒ?&8)Q&‫ر‬$#‫ &و‬،‫‡ن‬B¸$k&†?&<#8n&¯(F&†?‫¯&ا‬PNF&+ ّ
*‫<&أ‬PO‘&Æfs&•ž&"‹«9‫ج&إ‬+Xj
&'P%& DEF& "‹’*& :W?& †*& "N#‫@ &وأ‬Q‫ودا‬+?& 4@PNzh9‫;@ &ا‬Pq9‫© &ا‬j‫وا‬+9‫ &ا‬DEF& cd %‫؛ &و‬$M)=Bj
ّ & ،‫م‬1058-1057 /‫ه‬449& @·#& •ž& ‫ت‬$(¾‫{ &أ‬Š'j& ‫*'ة‬$g>‫د &ا‬ƒ?& ‫ا‬.¾& "˜& ،‫ة‬$Pš0‫ا‬
&$}J‡*‫&أ‬+Bj
&Z9$·}&¯;h=j&،"‹°&‫ا‬J‡z=[*&@9‫د‬$k&•ž& ‫ن‬+Bn&56?&‫ك‬8N*&Dœ‫”&إ‬/0‫اوي؛ &و‬+^>‫<&ا‬#8n&†?&‫ط‬8W9
&‫س‬8z*& ‫‡ن‬#$n& †?‫ا &ا‬.¾& "˜& ،@9‫د‬$k& ˆ=j‫ن &و‬+Bn& 56?& ‫ك‬8N*& †*& $‹°& 's‫@ &*† &و‬P;(?& ّ ¯N=%‫و‬
&@·3$7&‫رك‬$;*&:7‫ا‬8¾JK9‫'&ا‬PhF&:»‫'&ﷲ&?†&أ‬hF&“B3&8?‫}"&أ‬J‡*‫‡ن&أ‬S‫·¯&و‬f?&‫ن‬$‚‫@&و‬7‫ا‬8¾+?
&@·#& ‫ة‬J‡ŠG& ‫دى‬$(s& †*& 24& •ž& ‫‡ن‬#$n& †?& ‫' &ﷲ‬hF& $}‫'ا‬3‫• &إ‬ž& 'MqÜ#‫ &ا‬،‫ة‬J‡O‘& "3ƒ*‫و‬

.127-125‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫&زرع‬:»‫&ا?†&أ‬- 1
ّ
&،¯[BQ&‫'ر‬g>‫ ا‬."NÏ9‫ر&وا‬8/0$?&¯(Ÿ3&•ž&<g=n&‫ن‬$‚‫&و‬،@F‫@&ودر‬#$(N/"&•ž&¯(Ÿ3& .‘+k‫&و‬،@#‫دار‬G&@9‫ل&دو‬8j‫ا& ;'&أ‬8(Ÿ3&†n•9‫‡ن&ا‬o‫او‬+^>‫@&ا‬k$Q‫اء&ز‬+*‫&أ‬+Š‫&آ‬8}&- 2
ّ
&iPW)k‫@&و‬#‫&درا‬،@Pq‘‫ا‬+>‫ر&ا‬$hŠG&+‘‫•&ذ‬ž&@P¸8>‫{&ا‬Nš0‫&ا‬،•E*$;9‫ك&ا‬$(#&†?‫ا‬/ .52‫&ص‬،7‫&ج‬،243‫&ص‬،6‫&ج‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،†(3+9‫'&ا‬hF&‫'ون‬NŠ&†?‫ا‬/.127‫ص‬
.194-193‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫•&ا‬s+>‫&ا‬،‫د‬8()*&'(3‫[†&أ‬3&/.68-67‫&ص‬،2010&،1‫&ط‬،‫وت‬J‡?&،@P(N;9‫=¨&ا‬Ÿ9‫&دار&ا‬،@n$S8?&‫در‬$W9‫'&ا‬hF
.128-127‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫&زرع‬:»‫&ا?†&أ‬- 3
&،¯h}•*&+qw&DEF&{(F&‫ك‬$·}‫&و‬،‫'ي‬Ph;9‫ •&ا‬Pq9‫'&ﷲ&ا‬hF&:»‫&*•&أ‬cdº%G&‫س‬8[9‫{&ا‬Š‫•ي&د‬9‫&ا‬،5d j‫ا‬+9‫•&ا‬Ezh9‫'&ﷲ&ا‬hF&Dœ‫[¨&إ‬ªk&@;Pq9‫@&*†&ا‬B,$7&"}& -4
ُ
&†[3 /.129‫&ص‬،¯[BQ&‫'ر‬g>‫&ا‬،5d×$B9‫&زرع&ا‬:»‫ ا?†&أ‬:+ÏQ‫ ا‬.@9ƒµ9‫&ا‬DEF&"}J‡¾‫&و‬iš0‫&ا‬DEF&"M[BQ‫ون&أ‬+n&‫ا‬8Q$‚‫&و‬،‫ن‬+%&'; &$Q+%‫{&و‬Ps&'; &ƒPs&¯F$hk‫ار˜¯&أ‬8=j
.211-210&‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫•&ا‬s+>‫&ا‬،‫د‬8()*&'(3‫أ‬

138
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

&•hQ‫د &و‬$)k¦$?& ‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫دة &ا‬$%& ‫ة‬$Pš0‫رق &ا‬$Bn& ‫{ &أن‬h%& cdJ‫م؛ &وأو‬1059& @PNo8s& 8/‫ه‬451
ّ
.2‫'و‬F&†?&‫ن‬$(PN#&‫;'ﻩ‬ ّ .1"}‫د‬$Ms&•ž&‫ت‬$hO9‫&وا‬،"‹’P?&‫ف‬ƒÕ0‫ا‬
&‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫وأم&ا‬
ّ
&ÅNŠ‫&د‬$>‫&و‬،"‹Ù(|$F&¼f#”k&•ž&‫ن‬8V?‫ا‬+>‫ع&ا‬+¸&‫م‬1070&@·#&‫ي‬$*/‫ه‬462&@·#&¨s‫•&ر‬ž‫و‬
ّ
&"[Wj&،@Q8=>&DEF&‫رت‬$¾‫@&أ‬9‫ا‬ 's& ّ
ّ ‫ﻩ&?”ن‬JKŠ” j&‫اء‬+š$9‫{&*†&ا‬s‫ءﻩ&ر‬$s& ‫م‬1070/‫ه‬463&@·#
&‫ب‬8|& ¯s8=j ّ & ‫·¯؛‬F& $h,$Q& <#8n& ¯(F& ّ †?‫ك &ا‬+k‫ &و‬،‫[(‡ن‬%& ‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫ &ا‬Æfs&+Ÿ?&8?‫&أ‬J‡*G
ّ
&8Nk&‫'ة‬3‫=¯&وا‬F$7&•ž&ÅNŠ‫&د‬5y9‫&ا‬،‫دة‬+(=>‫{&ا‬,$hW9‫&ا‬DEF&‫ء‬$µWN9 &،¯;*&‫•ي‬9‫&ا‬Æf/0$?&‫ل‬$(q9‫ا‬
ّ
&‫@؛‬Q8=>‫@ &و‬9‫'ا‬s& ‫‡ن &?‡ن‬h9‫ح &ذات &ا‬ƒ| & ،‫ب‬8·/0‫ &ا‬8)Q& ¯;*& †(?&8}& ¯s8k& ّ $(·f?& ،‫ى‬+ŠG
ّ ّ ّ
&•ž&¨}•9‫{&ا‬hs&‫د‬ƒ?&Dœ‫ &إ‬،‫اء‬+š$9‫•&ا‬ž&‫ذﻩ‬8BQ& '(n&‫ع&أن‬$V=#‫وا‬ ،3‫'ع‬g9‫أب&ا‬ ‫†&*†&ر‬Ÿ(=j
.4$‹«j&@Pª˜89‫ب&ا‬8;q9‫&?‡ن&ا‬:*ƒ#L&†n'9‫&ا‬+qw‫&و‬،(@Q$¾&@ŸN(*)&‫دان‬8[9‫ا‬
/‫ه‬465& @·#& ‫ول‬G& •PS‫&ر‬+M¸& •ž& Æ‘‫ا‬+*& Dœ‫&إ‬+Ÿ?&8?‫&أ‬J‡*G&‫د‬$F& @(M>‫•ﻩ&ا‬ ّ }&‫ز‬$zQ‫و»;' &إ‬
&<#8n&¯9&—;»‫د؛&و‬ƒh9‫•&ا‬P(s&¯9&ÅÕ ‫"&ور‬Ÿš0$?& 'hÜ#‫¯&ا‬ ّ ّ
(F&†?‫'&ا‬s8j&،‫م‬ 1072&JK(j8Q
&ZN>‫†&ا‬F&¯9&+Ÿ?&8?‫&أ‬J‡*G& ‫زل‬$·=j&@·n'>‫رج&ا‬$Š&¯PW9&"˜&،‫ﻩ‬+7$Š&¨fPV=9&<)=9‫&وا‬$n‫'ا‬M9$?
&،@9‫'و‬9‫&¸¬ون&ا‬J‡?'k&•ž&‫‡ن‬B¸$k&†?&<#8n&+(=[f9&، ّ ّ
$P(#‫¯&ر‬h ّ
g·*&•ž&¯=r˜‫&و‬،¯F‫}'ﻩ&وور‬.9
&‫د‬ƒh9& $S‫ر‬$)*& ‫ات‬8·#& ‫ث‬ƒ˜& $‹°& cd %& 5y9‫اء &ا‬+š$9‫ &ا‬Dœ‫د &إ‬$F‫?¯؛ &و‬$P¾& •ž& $‹ä”¸& "A$;À& 5y9‫ا‬
.5¯?$|‫"&أ‬M[ &‫رك‬$;>‫'ى&ا‬3‫•&إ‬ž&'MqÜ#‫&وا‬،‫دان‬8[9‫ا‬
&@Pªn‫ &د‬$(}‫'ا‬3‫*=‡ن&إ‬$F‫<&?‡ن&ز‬9$)=9$?&‫•ي&?'أ‬9‫@&ا‬PV?‫ا‬+>‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫وع&ا‬+q*& ‫½&أن‬3ƒ>‫وا‬ ّ
ّ @o‫† &*† &رؤ‬Ÿ(k& ّ
&'F‫ا‬8%& cd×‫ &أر‬,Ó·(*& {(F& '; & ‫ر‬8·9‫&ا‬ ،$(Mµ; & ‫ن‬$(F'k& @P#$P#& ‫ى‬+ŠG‫و‬
&‫ت‬$P‘8N[9‫ك &وا‬+q9‫&ا‬+}$Ï*& DEF& 5d Wk& ‫ &أن‬ÅF$V=#‫ &ا‬5y9‫ &ا‬،‫(‡ن‬ON>‫@ &ا‬9‫'و‬9& ¼f#”=9‫ا‬
&{n'h9‫ &ا‬Å*'%‫و‬ّ & ‫اء؛‬+š$9‫ب &وا‬+^>‫=(• &ا‬z*& •ž& ¯9$p¸‫{ &أ‬p?& ّ "NÏ9‫ &وا‬،@P%ƒŠ‫&أ‬ƒ9‫@&ا‬¤7$Õ0‫ا‬
&†*& ،$‹Ùn‫ &را‬Å)k& {,$hW9‫• &ا‬P(s& 'P38=9& ،¯,8b& DEF& $M*$ÏQ& Åb+Bj& ˆPš$9‫ &ا‬:*ƒ#L
&¨}•(=k&@9‫•&دو‬ž&،$}'MF&@n‫•&?'ا‬ž&‫*‡ن‬8NÏ>‫†&ا‬F&‫س‬8p>‫¨&وا‬,‫ا‬+µ9‫@&ا‬9‫;'ل&وإزا‬9‫&ا‬+qw&‫ل‬ƒŠ

.132-128‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،5d×$B9‫&زرع&ا‬:»‫ &ا?†&أ‬- 1
ّ ّ ّ ّ ّ ّ
&$·Q‫&إ¦&أ‬،"‹’n‫&د‬$n$µ%&•ž&¯P9‫ن&إ‬8;s+n&‫ا‬8Q$‚&‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫{&أن &ا‬P9'?&،"N;9‫ن&*†&أ}{&ا‬$‚&¯Q”?& Zqw&¦‫&و‬،‫‡ن‬#$n&†?‫د&ا‬$MqÜ#‫;'&ا‬ &‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+(N9&$*$*‫ˆ&إ‬h|‫¯&أ‬Q‫&&ر¾"&أ‬-2
&،6‫&ج‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫'ون‬NŠ&†?‫ &ا‬.‫‡ن‬#$n&†?‫ة&ا‬$j‫·@& ;'&و‬#&@7‫ا‬8¾+?&‫د‬$Ms&•ž& -+ŠR&8}& – 'MqÜ#‫ وا‬.$·n'9&@j‫و‬+;>‫"&ا‬s‫ا‬J£9‫•&‘=¨&ا‬ž&@(s+k&DEF&¯9&Jî;w&"9
.244‫ص‬
.22-19‫&ص‬،4‫&ج‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫•اري‬F&†?‫&ا‬- 3
ّ
.56‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫•&ا‬s+>‫&ا‬،:»ƒg9‫ا‬/12‫&ص‬،1998&،‫ة‬+}$W9‫&ا‬،+|$;>‫—&وا‬n'š0‫&ا‬$PWo+j‫ب&إ‬+¾&€o‫ر‬$k&•ž&‫ت‬$#‫&درا‬،{(/0‫ •&ا‬8¸‫"&و‬P}‫ا‬+?‫ازق&إ‬+9‫'&ا‬hF&‫'&ﷲ‬hF &- 4
.225-224‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫•&ا‬s+>‫&ا‬،‫د‬8()*&'(3‫[†&أ‬3/26-24‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫•اري‬F&†?‫&ا‬- 5

139
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

&¯N}‫† &وأ‬n'9‫† &ا‬F& •j‫'ا‬k‫ &و‬،@F$(/0‫[·@ &وا‬9‫' &*•ا}¨ &أ}{ &ا‬3‫ &أ‬8}‫ &و‬:p9$>‫>•}¨ &ا‬$?
.‫م‬12‫&و‬11/‫ه‬6‫&و‬5&‫‡ن‬Q+W9‫&?‡ن&ا‬$*&¼9'QG‫ب&و‬+^>‫•&ا‬ž&{7$h9‫&ا‬DEF&išþ9& ّ +g=ªk‫&و‬،‫ن‬$VN[9$?
ّ
&€P#+k&DEF&{(F&،‫‡ن‬B¸$k&†?&<#8P9&‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫&ا‬ZN*&$B|&$*'; &¯Q‫&أ‬Z9‫&ذ‬DEF&'}$q9‫وا‬
&†n•9‫ &ا‬،‫ء‬$MWBN9& ¯,$=B=#‫ل &ا‬ƒŠ& †*& ،@Pªn'9‫@ &ا‬VN[9‫@ &وا‬P#$P[9‫*=¯ &ا‬$F‫< &?‡ن &ز‬9$)=9‫ا‬
&‫ا&دون‬+*‫•&أ‬VWn& †Ÿn&"Nj ‫؛‬1‫ل‬$>‫&ا‬Åf?&†*&‫رزاق‬G&"‹«NF& ‫ى‬+s‫&وأ‬،$[Nz*&¯·*&"}$Q‫ ّ ‹"&وأد‬3‫أ‬
ّ ّ ›hµn& cy3& ّ ،@Bo+q9‫[·@ &ا‬9$?&ƒ(F&
ّ
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&5y9‫@ &ا‬VN[9$?& "‹Ù%ƒF& DEF& D Vn& <9$)=9‫;{ &ا‬s& $*&8}‫ &و‬،@?$=Ÿ9‫ة &وا‬ƒg9‫رى &وا‬8q9‫وا‬
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ّ ،@PF ّ +9‫‡ن&ا‬S‫&و‬
ّ $‹’P?& @V#‫ا‬89‫ن &ا‬8NO(n
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ّ ّ ّ
&•(s&•ž&‫ا‬8[j$·k‫&و‬$PQ‫ب&د‬ƒ7&‫روا‬$|‫&و‬،‫ات‬8Mq9‫ا&ا‬8;hk‫•ات&وا‬N>‫•&ا‬ž&‫ا‬8[(^w‫&وا‬،"‹Ù9‫'و‬9&Dœ‫و‬G
&†*&+‘•Q‫ة &و‬J‡O‘& Z9‫ &ذ‬DEF& @NO*G‫ &و‬،"MqfF& •ž& ‫اء‬+*G& ‫ن‬8}$µn& ‫ا‬8)h|‫ &أ‬cy3& ‫؛‬$M*$V3
(‫م‬1114/‫ه‬508‫' &ﷲ &)ت‬hF&8?‫† &أ‬n'(3& †?‫¯ &ا‬PWB9‫ &ا‬-+gš0‫ل &¦&ا‬$O>‫{ &ا‬Pr#& DEF& -‫}¬¦ء‬
&+¸$F&'()*&8?‫¯&أ‬PWB9‫&وا‬،3"<N#&†(*&‫ﻩ‬J‡¾&‫ﻩ‬ّ .)n&"9&$*&‫(‡ن‬ON>‫'ى&ا‬9&@Q$p>‫•&ا‬ž&‫ز‬$3"&‫•ي‬9‫ا‬
ّ
&¯9&+(=#‫وا‬ ...&،@µo+F&$PQ‫ل&د‬$·j&$M(P9$%‫@&وأ‬P#+*&‫ء‬$µ%&•œ‫•ي&" و‬9‫&ا‬،+¸$F&†?&'()*&†?

.234‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،¨PVÕ0‫ ا?†&ا‬/.137‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫&زرع‬:»‫&ا?†&أ‬- 1
.144‫&ص‬،1997&،‫وت‬J‡?&،+qª9‫@&وا‬F$hVN9&@;PNV9‫&دار&ا‬،‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫'&ا‬MF&‫ل‬ƒŠ&¼9'QG‫ب&و‬+^(N9&•Û$(=sÃ&€o‫ر‬$=9‫•&ا‬ž&—3$h*&،ÆfqÀ8?&‫دري‬$W9‫"&ا‬P}‫ا‬+?‫&إ‬- 2
.74-73‫&ص‬،‫م‬1990/‫ه‬1410&،‫وت‬J‡?&،:*ƒ#L&‫ب‬+^9‫&دار&ا‬،:p*&•EF&‫د‬8()*&iPW)k&،‫ن‬$*.9‫ر&ا‬$hŠ‫<&*†&أ‬N#&$*&¨fkJ£9&‫ن‬$(/0‫"&ا‬ÏQ&،5d ‘‫ا‬+>‫ن&ا‬$VW9‫&ا?†&ا‬-3

140
‫ا‬ ‫ر‪ !"# $‬ر ا‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ة‪-‬‬ ‫را‬
‫‪ /‬ا*) م '‪ , -.‬وا*) م '&‪ ) 1 - %‬و‪ $‬ان‪1‬‬
‫ا‪ -12 3‬ا*) د‪1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‬ه‪2022/‬م‬
‫‪EISSN 2600-6324‬‬ ‫‪ISSN 2170-1636‬‬
‫‪DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003‬‬
‫‪https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178‬‬

‫ذ‪& Z9‬إ‪& Dœ‬ا‪+WQ‬اض &ا‪'9‬و‪& @9‬ا‪& ،1"@PQ8=(N9‬و*)(' &?† &ا‪& {*$‚& †?& †[š0‬ا‪) :*+µš0‬ت‪539‬ه‪/‬‬
‫‪1144‬م(‪&،‬ا‪•9‬ي&" ا‪Jî‘&†*&c =Q‬ة&ا>‪$‬ل&و‪&@;#‬ا‪$š0‬ل&إ‪&{gn&"9&$*&Dœ‬إ‪J‡¾&¯P9‬ﻩ"‪.2‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫&‪&{Pg)k‬ا‪Jî9‬وة&إ*‪&$‬أن&‪8pn‬ن &*†&‪ƒ3‬ل&أو&*†&‪+3‬ام‪&،‬و¦&¾‪+‬ا?@&‪&•(s&•ž‬ا>‪$‬ل&‬ ‫ّ‬
‫و¦&‪+s‬م&أن‬
‫ّ‬
‫&ا>‪+q‬و‪&،@F‬إ¦ ّ‬ ‫?‪+V9$‬ق‬
‫&أن &}·‪$‬ك&*† &ا‪$MWB9‬ء&وا‪$µW9‬ة&*† &‪$zk‬وز&ا‪8VÕ0‬ط&ا‪+(š0‬اء‪&D [j&،‬‬
‫&?‪8¸+9$‬ة‪& ،‬و‪& '%‬أ¸‪$‬ر&ا?† &‪•F‬اري &‪& †F&ƒWQ‬ا?† &ا‪& •žJ‡g9‬إ‪+s& $*& Dœ‬ى &?‡ن&‬ ‫إ‪& {Pg)k& Dœ‬ا>‪$‬ل ّ‬
‫ا‪&¨fhV9‬ا?†&ز}‪&+‬وا‪&5dÖ$W9‬ا?†&*·‪8Ï‬ر‪$Wj&،‬ل&‪&•ž‬ذ‪&Z9‬ا?†&ز}‪:+‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫&‪cd *&†*&&Jî;â :ÅNWj‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫>‪Åb+*&$‬‬ ‫‪8‬ر&‪ }&¨/GÀ‬ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ‪$‬ز¦‬‫ّ‬ ‫إن&ا?ـ ـ ـ†&*·‪ Ï‬ـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ّ‬
‫‪&cd‬أ‚{&ا‪$¸+9‬‬ ‫‪&†(j‬ا‪&¯PWB9‬ا>‪k+‬‬ ‫‪$‚&'Wj‬ن&‪8·P9$s‬س&‪+(n‬ض&دا‪$(,‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪&òN?&$(Nj‬ذ‪&—; &<#8n&†?&•EF&J‡*G&Z9‬إ‪$=‘&¯P9‬ب&‪. ¯=9.F‬‬ ‫ّ‬
‫و*(‪$MWj&•ž&{P%&$‬ء&*‪:4@W9$‬‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ً‬
‫*'وا&إ‪“·=W*&<‘&$;P(s&¯P9‬‬ ‫إذا&رأوا&‪n&ƒ(s‬ـ ـ ـ”‪;ُ ُ &DEF&:À‬ـ ـ ـ ٍ'‬
‫ﱡَ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ً َﱡ‬
‫“‬‫إن&‪$j&"‹Ù¤s‬ر¾‪.9&$‬وك&‪ٍ +%&•ž‬ن وإن&رأوا&ر¸‪8‬ة&أ‪8=j‬ك&?‪ِ Š+9$‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫‪•}&"(;â‬ا&ا‪8N[9‬ك‪”?&،‬ن&‪8Wn‬ل &‪ :{,$%‬إ ّن &ا‪$MWB9‬ء&‪&•ž‬ا‪'9‬و‪&@9‬ا>‪+‬ا?‪&@PV‬‬ ‫وإ‪&†*&¯Q‬ا‪&"NÏ9‬أن& ّ‬
‫ّ‬
‫&‪&¯Pj‬أن &‪$MWj‬ء &و‪$µ%‬ة ّ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ّ ّ‬
‫&أ‪ّ Q‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫&ا‪8[9‬ء &‪&DEF& $‹«j‬‬ ‫&¦&¸‪Z‬‬ ‫¯&*(‪$‬‬ ‫‚‪8Q$‬ا &‚‪•}& DEF& "MN‬ﻩ &ا‪@N‚$q9‬؛ &إ¦‬
‫ّ‬
‫‪8Q$‚& ،"‹ÙN%‬ا&*†&?‡ن&‪$h#G‬ب&ا‪&ÅN;s&5y9‬ا>‪&"‹«NF&"W·n&•(=z‬و‪&DEF‬ا‪'9‬و‪&@9‬ا>‪+‬ا?‪& ،@PV‬ا‪&5y9‬‬
‫‪8pN=*$j& ،@PF‬ا &ا‪Jî9‬وات &و‪$s‬روا &?(·‪& DEF& "‹ |$‬ا‪&<P;µ9‬‬ ‫&ا‪ّ +9‬‬‫&وأ*·‪ّ DEF& "‹Ù‬‬ ‫ّو‪& "‹Ù9‬ا‪ّ ›VÕ0‬‬
‫و‪$3‬دوا&‪&†F‬ا‪';9‬ل‪"&،‬وا‪';9‬ل –‘(‪& -{P%&$‬أ‪$#‬س&ا>‪&،5"ZN‬و‪8·F‬ان&‪8V9‬ل &أ‪$(F‬ر&ا‪'9‬ول‪&،‬و‪&'%‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫‪$P;N9&$š‬ن&‪&{‹Ù[*&•ž‬ا‪+W9‬ن&‪6‬ه‪12/‬م‪.‬‬ ‫?'ا&ذ‪&Z9‬وا‬

‫ّ‬
‫&ا‪&،•Û$µW9‬ا‪$=Ÿ9&@N(Ÿ=9‬ب&ا‪&'hF&iPW)k&،@Ng9‬ا‪ƒ[9‬م&ا‪+M9‬اس‪&،‬دار&ا‪J‡?&،@F$hVN9&+ŸB9‬وت‪1415&،‬ه‪1995/‬م‪&،‬ج‪&،4‬ص‪.45‬‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ا?†&‪$?G‬ر‬ ‫‪&-1‬‬
‫‪& -2‬ا?†&‪&+Ÿ[F‬أ?‪&'hF&8‬ﷲ&وا?†&‪&¼f(Š‬أ?‪&،+Ÿ?&8‬أ‪ƒF‬م&*‪&"n'Wk&،@W9$‬و‪&'hF&iPN;À‬ﷲ&ا>‪+‬ا?›&ا‪&،•KJ£9‬دار&‪$*G‬ن&‪&+qªN9‬وا‪8=9‬ز •‪&،‬ا‪$S+9‬ط‪& -‬در&ا‪+^9‬ب&‪&،:*ƒ#L‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫‪&،5d‬ا‪&{n•9‬وا‪&:»$=Ÿ9&@N(Ÿ=9‬ا>‪8|8‬ل&وا‪&iPW)k&،@Ng9‬إ‪$[3‬ن&‪$hF‬س‪&،‬دار&ا‪J‡?&،@j$WO9‬وت‪&،‬ط‪&،1‬‬ ‫?‡‪J‬وت‪&،‬ط‪1420&،1‬ه‪1999/‬م‪&،‬ص‪ /.82‬ا?†&‪&'hF‬ا>‪&ZN‬ا>‪+‬ا‘‬
‫‪&،1973‬ا‪&،6&+B[9‬ص‪.163-162‬‬
‫‪&- 3‬ا‪$Ph9‬ن&ا>^‪+‬ب‪&،‬ج‪&،4‬ص‪.49‬‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪&،5d‬ا‪&{n•9‬وا‪&:»$=Ÿ9&@N(Ÿ=9‬ا>‪8|8‬ل&وا‪&iPW)k&،@Ng9‬إ‪$[3‬ن&‪$hF‬س‪&،‬‬ ‫‪&- 4‬ا‪&@(s+k&+ÏQ‬ا?†&ا‪+V9‬اوة&أ?‪&8‬ا‪‡[š0‬ن&‪$(PN#‬ن&?†&*)('&)ت‪528‬ه( ‪'9‬ى‪ :‬ا?†&‪&'hF‬ا>‪&ZN‬ا>‪+‬ا‘‬
‫دار&ا‪J‡?&،@j$WO9‬وت‪&،1964&،‬ج‪ /81&،4‬ا‪ƒs&:78P[9‬ل&ا‪&@P^ &،†n'9‬ا‪$F89‬ة&‪$Wh7&•ž‬ت&ا‪‡o8^N9‬ن&وا‪$)·9‬ة‪&'()*&iPW)k&،‬أ?‪&8‬ا‪&{µB9‬إ?‪+‬ا}‪&،"P‬ا>‪&@h=Ÿ‬ا‪'P|&،@o+g;9‬ا‪-‬‬
‫?‡‪J‬وت‪&،‬د‪..‬ت‪&،‬ج‪&،1‬ص‪.602‬‬
‫‪&'hF&'()*&@;(s&•EF&- 5‬ا‪$}89‬ب‪&،‬ا>'‪&{Š‬إ‪&Dœ‬درا‪&@#‬ا>•ا}¨&ا‪&،@PMWB9‬دار&ا‪ƒ[9‬م‪&-‬ا‪+}$W9‬ة‪&،‬ط‪1422&،2‬ه‪2001/‬م‪&،‬ص‪.319‬‬

‫‪141‬‬
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

‫ ا‬u‫ ا?•`ن و‬3‫ا‬ » ‚ÒÔ -*‫‚ وا‬ƒ *‫ا‬ *‫ف ?`ن ا‬%‘ ‫ ا*" *> وا‬-2
ّ
&"‹äåj&،@PQ8=(N ّ
9‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫¼&ا‬f#”k& "}&"MWk$F&DEF&‫ا‬8N(3&†*&"}&‫ء‬$MWB9‫ن&ا‬$‚&‫إذا‬ :@ A 3‫ا‬
ّ
&‫ت‬J‡^À&‫;'&أن‬ &،$MŸN*&‫ت‬$#$#‫©&أ‬o8Wk&Dœ‫&أدت&إ‬5y9‫&ا‬ ّ ‫ول‬$;>‫'&ا‬3‫&أ‬$}'MF&@n$‹ä&•ž&‫ن‬8Q8pP#
ّ ّ
&‫)@؛‬Pš$9‫"&ا‬P9$;=9‫†&ا‬F&‫د‬$;=?Ã‫@&و‬P}$j+9‫&ا‬Dœ‫إ‬ &،‫د‬$M/0‫<&وا‬qW=9‫}'&وا‬.9‫"&*†&ا‬Mµ; &‫ة‬$P3
ّ ُ
&•ž‫ و‬."M*$W(?&iPNk&¦&5y9‫ت&ا‬8;·9‫<&ا‬N=X(?& ‫ن‬8=;·n&‫روا‬$|&cy3&،"‹Ù9‫&دو‬$‹«NF&Å[#ّ ‫&أ‬5y9‫ا‬
&$(NF&¯;*&{()n&‫ت‬+*8k&†?&'()*&¯(#‫{&ا‬s‫ب&ر‬+^>‫د&ا‬ƒ?&Dœ‫ق &إ‬+q>‫د&*†&ا‬$F&‫ء‬$·˜G&‫}•ﻩ‬
ّ ‫{؛‬p‘&
&+*è$?& $M9& 'M*& ّ @WV·>‫" &ا‬Ÿ)k& @9‫¼ &دو‬f#”k& ‫وع‬+q*& ¯[BQ& ‫ارة‬+%& •ž& :BXo‫ &و‬،‫ا‬+o.¾
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ّ ّ
&‫ت‬$B|&¯Pj&"#8k&—P3&،@n$zh?&@9 ƒ*&'/ï*&•ž&•EF&†?&†*¬>‫'&ا‬h; &¯;(s&‫•ي‬9‫ء&ا‬$WN9‫•&ا‬ž
&¦&†n'9‫ة&ا‬$P3&¯Pj&‫•ي‬9‫&ا‬+*G& ‫إن‬ ّ " :¯9&ƒ,$%&،‫ق‬+q>‫&ا‬Dœ‫ﻩ&إ‬J‡[*&†F& ‫;'ول‬9$?&¯;·%”j&‫دة‬$PW9‫ا‬
ّ
.1"†n'38>‫اج&ا‬+#&8Mj&،¯?&¦‫م&إ‬8Wn
&†?‫ &ا‬$‹Ù*$%‫&إ‬Dœ‫ &إ‬D [â& ‫ن‬$‚& 5y9‫@ &ا‬9‫'و‬9‫وع&ا‬+q>& Å[#‫&أ‬ ّ 5y9‫@ &ا‬Pb‫ر‬G&‫ء‬$WN9‫&}•ا&ا‬JK=; ‫و‬
ّ @o+Ÿ[F& @P#$P#‫&و‬،8}& $MNO(n& ّ ّ
&$}'[zn& @Pªn‫ د‬:‫=‡ن‬VN#& ‫< &?‡ن‬9$)=9‫=" &ا‬f#& †n‫ &ا‬،‫ت‬+*8k
&‫رع &?•ور‬.?& ‫ت‬+*8k& †?‫ &?'أ &ا‬،‫د‬8s89‫ &ا‬Dœ‫;'م &إ‬9‫ة &*† &ا‬+ŸB9‫{ &ا‬o8)=9‫•؛ &و‬EF& †?& †*¬>‫' &ا‬hF
&@9‫'و‬N9& • $=9‫• &ا‬ž‫ا‬+^/0‫ل &ا‬$z>‫• &ا‬ž&+Ÿ·>‫† &ا‬F& 5 ·9‫وف &وا‬+;>$?&+*G& ‫ء‬$V¾& Å)k& @·=B9‫ا‬
&¯9$3&•ž&JK=XP9&،Æ‘‫ا‬+*&•ž&<#8n&†?&•EF&J‡*G&‫ط‬ƒh9&¯,$F'=#‫&ا‬Dœ‫&إ‬Z9‫”دى&ذ‬j ّ &‫@؛‬PQ8=(N9‫ا‬
ّ ّ
&¯Q‫&أ‬5de9'QG&¨P}‫&?†&و‬Z9$>&‫‡ن‬hk‫&و‬،"‹«NF&+MÏj&‫ة‬+b$š0‫ء&ا‬$MWj&‫ﻩ‬+A$·j&،¯(NF&•ž&+Ï·o‫و‬
ّ
&Z;([â& ‫'ﻩ &أن‬gWj& ¦‫ &وإ‬،‫ل‬8hŸ9‫• &ا‬ž& ¯N;s‫" ا‬:¯98W?& •EF&J‡*G& DEF&‫ر‬$¸”j& ،ZN*& ¨9$7
ّ
&‫د‬ƒ?&†*&{(·fk&Dœ‫ج&إ‬+Xj & ،‫دﻩ‬ƒ?&†*&¯PB·?&¯PNF&‫ر‬$¸‫أي&*†&أ‬+?&•Š‫&أ‬J‡*G& †Ÿ9 ّ & ‫؛‬2"‫ل‬8hV9‫ا‬
&†?& •EF& †F& ‫ف‬+F& ‫•ي‬9‫' &ا‬n'q9‫*ˆ &ا‬$[Ü9‫ &*† &ا‬Z9‫ن &ذ‬$‚‫ و‬.3cdº%G& ‫س‬8[9$?& ‫*'ة‬$g>‫ا‬
.<#8n

.16‫&ص‬،1971&،‫ط‬$S+9‫&ا‬-@%‫را‬89‫@&وا‬F$hVN9&‫ر‬8g·>‫&دار&ا‬،†n'38>‫@&ا‬9‫@&دو‬n‫'ا‬S‫ت&و‬+*8k&†?&‫'ي‬M>‫ر&ا‬$hŠ‫&أ‬،•#$‹’g9‫•&ا‬EF&†?&+Ÿ?&8?‫•ق&أ‬Ph9‫&ا‬- 1
.68‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،•E*$;9‫ك&ا‬$(#&†?‫&ا‬- 2
&،‫م‬2006/‫ه‬1426& ،1‫ &ط‬،‫وت‬J‡?& ‫'ا‬P|& ،@o+g;9‫@ &ا‬h=Ÿ>‫ &ا‬،‫اري‬8M9‫† &ا‬n'9‫ح &ا‬ƒ|& ‫ء‬$·=F‫ح &وا‬+¸& ،‫ب‬+^>‫ر&ا‬$hŠ‫“ &أ‬PÕþk& •ž& ¨/G>‫ &ا‬،5d ‘‫ا‬+>‫' &ا‬3‫ا‬89‫' &ا‬hF& - 3
.140‫ص‬

142
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

ّ
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&،+Ÿ·>‫† &ا‬F& c ·o‫وف &و‬+;>$?&+*”n& •Š”j& ‫‹"؛‬Ù9‫• &دو‬ž& †n'9‫ة &ا‬+gQ& •ž& "‹ s‫ا‬8?& ‫ا‬8*8Wn& "9
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143
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

ّ
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ّ ُ
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ّ ّ ّ ّ ّ Z9‫|@ &ذ‬ƒŠ‫و‬
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144
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

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.@PV?‫ا‬+>‫ا‬
ّ ّ ّ ّ
&{h%&†*&‫ت‬$S+µ9‫&ا‬éWN=k&@PV?‫ا‬+>‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫&ا‬ÅQ$‚&‫•ي‬9‫&ا‬Å%89‫•&ا‬ž&¯Q‫@&أ‬N?&‫‡ن‬V9‫&زاد&ا‬$(*‫و‬
&@Pªn'9‫†&ا‬n'o+>‫رة&ا‬8˜&@n‫‡ن&?'ا‬B¸$k&J‡*G&{=W*&'; &¼9'QG&‫'ت‬M¸&،†n'38>‫رى &وا‬$g·9‫ا‬

&&ÅQ$‚‫&و‬،‫ة‬+q;9‫?¯&ا‬$š±‫@&أ‬N(s&†*&‫ر‬$|‫ت&و‬+*8k&†?$?&išþj&،$‹«9‫[¨&إ‬ªn&5y9‫¼&ا‬+qw‫ل&و‬$hz?&‫ق‬+q>‫&ا‬Dœ‫=¯&إ‬N3‫'ﻩ&*†&ر‬N?&Dœ‫¯&إ‬k‫د‬8F&'·F&‫ت‬+*8k&†?‫&ا‬:W9&& -1
ّ ّ
&‫دى‬$(s& 2&År[9‫م&ا‬8n&¯B=3&:W9&—P3&،¯?&<N‚&$*&+Š‫‡ن&آ‬V?‫ا‬+>‫'&ا‬b&Æ‘‫ا‬+(?&‫ة‬J‡)h9‫اة&ا‬.¾&ÅQ$‚‫&و‬،¯h3$|&¯P9‫&إ‬$}'·#‫&أ‬5y9‫ت&ا‬$(M>‫“&ا‬Š‫‡§&*†&أ‬P(=9‫د˜@&ا‬$3
&†?‫ ا‬/.$}'; &$*‫ &و‬39‫&وص‬،19‫&ص‬،14&Æ*$}&،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫•ق‬Ph9‫ا‬/.305-305‫&ص‬،6‫&ج‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫'ون‬NŠ&†?‫ ا‬.‫م‬1130&&{o+?‫ &أ‬12 /‫ه‬524&@·#&Dœ‫و‬G
.660‫&ص‬،8‫&ج‬،‫م‬1997/‫ه‬1417&،1‫&ط‬،‫وت‬J‡?&،:»+;9‫ب&ا‬$=Ÿ9‫&دار&ا‬،‫ي‬+*'k&‫م‬ƒ[9‫'&ا‬hF&+(F&iPW)k&،€o‫ر‬$=9‫•&ا‬ž&{*$p9‫&ا‬،†n'9‫&ا‬.F& ّ J‡˜G
ّ ّ ّ
.53-52‫&و‬48‫&ص‬،5‫&ج‬،1994&،1‫&ط‬،‫وت‬J‡?&،‫در‬$|&‫&دار‬،‫س‬$hF&‫ن‬$[3‫&إ‬iPW)k&،‫ن‬$*.9‫ء&ا‬$·?‫ء&أ‬$hQ‫ن&وأ‬$PFG&‫ت‬$Pj‫&و‬،‫س‬$h;9‫&ا‬8?‫ن&أ‬$pNŠ&†?‫ ا‬- 2
ّ ُ ّ
&DEF&،Æ‘‫ا‬+*&‫ب‬+¾&‫ب‬8·s&•Wn&‫ن‬$p>‫'و&أن&}•ا&ا‬ho‫و‬ .39‫&ص‬،‫'ي‬M>‫ر&ا‬$hŠ‫&أ‬+ÏQ‫ ا‬.@˜‫د‬$š0‫•ﻩ&ا‬M9&ÅŠ‫&أر‬5y9‫در&ا‬$g>‫ﻩ&*†&ا‬J‡¾& ‫ن&دون‬$p>‫&}•ا&ا‬+‘•?&‫•ق‬Ph9‫د&ا‬+BQ‫ &ا‬- 3
ّ
&‫ن‬$‚‫&و‬،@NPhW9‫&ا‬DEF& iNVn&$(‘&،¼N7‫ل&أ‬$hs&†*&{hs&DEF&iNVn&‫ن‬$‚&"#‫@&ا‬k$=·Mj&،§‡P(=9‫&ا‬$MN(¸&5y9‫{&ا‬,$hW9‫&*†&?‡ن&ا‬$=Q$‚&‫ة‬8P*'‘‫@&و‬k$=·}&5yNPh%& ‫ر&أن‬$h=F‫ا‬
ّ
&،+*G&•ž&{(·fk‫@&و‬k$=·M9&$;hk&‫ا‬8Q$pj&،‫ة‬8P*'‘&$ ّ .360‫&ص‬،6‫&ج‬،‫'ون‬NŠ&†?‫ ا‬:+ÏQ‫ ُا‬.$‹«NF&{V>‫&ا‬Æ‘‫ا‬+>&"Š$=>‫{&ا‬h/0‫&ا‬8}‫&و‬،‫{&درن‬hs&†*&"‹°&‫وف‬+;>‫’‹"&ا‬78*
*‫وأ‬
ّ ّ ُ
&{hs&‫ع‬ƒW9&¯)=j&'; &‫ت‬+*8k&†?‫&أن &ا‬Z9‫ذ‬ & ،{(·Ü?&‫ن‬$p>‫ن&}•ا&ا‬8pn&‫;'&أن‬hÜ[â&¦‫و‬ .364‫&ص‬،6‫&ج‬،¯[BQ&‫'ر‬g>‫&ا‬،‫'ون‬NŠ&†?‫ ا‬:+ÏQ‫ ا‬.@k$=·}&{hs&ig9&"MNhs‫و‬
ُ ّ ّ ّ
.179-178‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،5d×$B9‫&زرع&ا‬:»‫ ا?†&أ‬:+ÏQ‫ ا‬.†n'38>‫‡§&ا‬P(k&•ž&‫ع‬+¸&"˜&،‫&*'ة‬$‹°&‫اح‬J£#$j&{(·fk&Dœ‫•&إ‬s‫&ر‬،¯=n‫¯&وأود‬Q8g3‫درن&و‬
.658‫&ص‬،8‫&ج‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،†n'9‫&ا‬.F&ّ J‡˜G&†?‫&ا‬- 4
.191‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫ك‬$(#&†?‫&ا‬- 5

145
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

ّ 5y9‫م &ا‬1144& ‫أوت‬/‫ه‬539& @·#&+B|& •ž& @P#$P[9‫وا‬


&‫ى‬+n& ‫ن‬$‚& ‫•ي‬9‫ &ا‬،15de%& †?‫ &ا‬$M(F.k&
&‫د‬$‚& cy3& @Nh9& •ž& ‫رة‬8O9‫@ &}•ﻩ &ا‬PQ$¾& †?‫&ا‬+|$3‫"؛ &و‬Ÿš0‫&ا‬J‡P^À& {s‫ة &*† &أ‬8W9‫ل &ا‬$(;=#‫ا‬
ّ
&†n'(3& †?‫ &ا‬5dÖ$W9‫م &ا‬$PW?& "NF& $*'·F& ،$‹’F&‫ر‬$gš0‫ &ا‬Zj& Dœ‫&إ‬+Vb‫&ا‬ ¯·Ÿ9& ،$‹«NF& 5d Wn
2
، ‫ة‬$µW9‫رة&ا‬8˜& @n‫'ا‬h9& Dœ‫و‬G& ‫ارة‬+q9‫رة &ا‬8O9‫ &}•ﻩ &ا‬ÅQ$‚‫@؛ &و‬h7+%& •ž& ‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫ &ا‬DEF& ‫رة‬8O9$?
ّ
ّ ‫”‘'وا‬k‫&و‬
&Å%‫@ &و‬9”[*& $M9‫&?”ن &زوا‬ ،¼9'QG& •ž& @PV?‫ا‬+>‫@ &ا‬9‫'و‬9‫ط &ا‬8W#&‫ادر‬8?& ‫† &رأوا‬n•9‫ا‬
.‫ب‬+^>‫&ا‬DEF&†n'38>‫ء&ا‬ƒPÜ#‫†&ا‬F&"‹ÙN|‫&و‬5y9‫ر&ا‬$hŠG&'; &$|8gŠ&،J‡g%
ّ
&†*& ‫ا‬8Ng·k& ،"‹ä”¸& ÅNF‫ &أ‬5y9‫@ &ا‬9‫'و‬9‫;¨ &*• &ا‬g9‫ف &ا‬+Ï9‫• &}•ا &ا‬ž& ‫ف‬8%89‫'ل &ا‬S‫و‬
ّ
&"‹ä$VN#‫‹" &و‬Ù#$o‫ &ر‬i?$#& DEF& $A$B3& @NW=[*& ‫رات‬$*‫¼ &إ‬f#”=?& ‫ا‬8*$%‫ &و‬$}8)Q& "‹Œ$*‫§ا‬£9‫ا‬
ّ
&‫ن‬8[3&†?&"Ÿš0‫&ا‬8?‫¯&أ‬PWB9‫ر&ا‬$˜‫&و‬،$‹°& ّ
{W=#‫@&وا‬h7+W?&†n'(3&†?‫&ا‬5dÖ$W9‫ر&ا‬$Oj&‫؛‬ 3
:*8W9‫ا‬
&5defW9‫&ا‬+}$7& †?& †(3+9‫' &ا‬hF& †?& '()*& ¯PWB9‫{ &ا‬W=#‫&وا‬ّ ّ
،$‹°& 'hÜ#‫&وا‬ @W9$(?& 5¿Np9‫ا‬
&@P[ªN?&$‹«9‫ف&إ‬$b‫&˜"&أ‬،@PQ‫&?'ا‬.o.;9‫'&ا‬hF&†?&‫وان‬+*&†?&ZN>‫'&ا‬hF&8?‫¯&أ‬PWB9‫&وا‬،@P#+(?
&†*&Z9‫&ذ‬J‡¾&Dœ‫&إ‬DÄb‫&?†&أ‬+(F&†?&•EF&†[š0‫&ا‬8?‫¯&أ‬PWB9‫ر&ا‬$˜&@7$Q+¾&•ž‫&و‬،Å·W9‫@&و‬h7$¸‫و‬
.4"MNP|$Bk&DEF&‫ف‬8%8N9&‫ل‬$z>‫[(ˆ&ا‬â&¦&†n•9‫†&ا‬o+*”=>‫ا‬ ّ
ّ
&‫;'و‬9‫&ا‬ $M78PŠ& ,ïw& ‫ة‬+*‫ &>¬ا‬Åb+;À& ّ $·9& ê =n&
ّ @PV?‫ا‬+>‫@ &ا‬9‫'و‬9‫&أن &ا‬ ّ ‫ﻩ‬+‘‫'م &ذ‬Wk&
ّ $(*‫و‬ ّ
ّ ‫ا‬8Q$‚& †n•9‫ة &ا‬$µW9‫ء &وا‬$MWB9‫¬¦ء &ا‬Mj& ،in'g9‫وا‬
&+j‫ا‬8?& ‫ن‬8(;·o‫ &و‬،@j‫ار‬89‫ &ا‬$M9ƒA& ‫”ون‬PB=n&
&‫ى‬8#&+*G&†*&"M(‹ّ &†Ÿn&"9‫&و‬،$M9&"}+MA&‫&أداروا‬$*&‫ن‬$F+#&،"‹«NF&¯=%'¾‫•ي&أ‬9‫·;"&ا‬9‫ا‬ ّ
&‫ن‬$‚& ‫•ي‬9‫< &ا‬9$)=9‫ &ا‬Z9•?& ‫'ع‬g=j& ّ ،@q3$B9‫‹" &ا‬Œ‫وا‬+˜‫@ &و‬PgÕ49‫‹" &ا‬Ù;(#& DEF& ‫ظ‬$Bš0‫ا‬
ّ ّ
&‫@&إذا‬PQ8=(N9‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫&ا‬$‹°&‫ت‬+*&5y9‫{&ا‬3‫ا‬+>‫&ا‬+*&DEF&@P#$P[9‫@&وا‬P3‫و‬+9‫=‡ن&ا‬VN[9‫›&?‡ن&ا‬S+n
.‫ل‬$š0‫;@&ا‬PhV?&‫ط‬8W[9‫•&وا‬Û‫='ا‬9‫@&ا‬N3+*&$·f· =#‫&ا‬$*
&'Wj& ،Dœ‫و‬G& @s‫'ر‬9$?& ‫د‬$Ms& @9‫ &دو‬ÅQ$‚& ‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫@ &ا‬9‫&أن &دو‬ ّ DEF& ‫ن‬$·˜‫< &ا‬N=Xn& ¦‫و‬
&DEF&:w$h#L&<3.N9&$Mj$Wn‫†&إ‬F&ƒµj&،$MB·‘&Å)k&¼9'QG‫ب&و‬+^>‫'&ا‬38k&‫&أن‬ÅF$V=#‫ا‬ ّ

ّ ّ
.198‫&ص‬،2‫&ج‬،1985&،2‫&ط‬،‫ة‬+}$W9‫&ا‬،‫رف‬$;>‫&دار&ا‬،¼w¬*&‫[‡ن‬3&iPW)k&،‫اء‬J‡[9‫@&ا‬Nš0‫&ا‬،•Û$µW9‫ر&ا‬$?G&†?‫ا‬&- 1
.75-74“|&،i?$[9‫•&ا‬s+>‫&ا‬،‫'ش‬Q‫&د‬- 2
&@9‫'و‬9‫@&ا‬n‫'ا‬S‫‡ن&و‬V?‫ا‬+>‫&ا‬+gF&،‫ول‬G&"[W9‫&ا‬،¼9'QG‫ب&و‬+^>‫•&ا‬ž&†n'38>‫‡ن&وا‬V?‫ا‬+>‫&ا‬+gF&،—9$O9‫&ا‬+g;9‫&ا‬،¼9'QG&•ž&‫م‬ƒ#L&@9‫&دو‬،‫ن‬$·F&‫'&ﷲ‬hF&'()*&- 3
.318‫&ص‬،3‫&ج‬،‫م‬1990/‫ه‬1411&،2‫&ط‬،‫ة‬+}$W9‫&ا‬،•%Q$Õ0‫@&ا‬h=Ÿ*&،@n'38>‫ا‬
ّ
&‫ة‬+‘•*&،(‫م‬1238-1086/‫ه‬635-479)&†n'38>‫‡ن&وا‬V?‫ا‬+>‫'&ا‬MF&•ž&¼9'QG&•ž&@j8g=>‫@&وا‬VN[9‫&ا‬،‫'و‬s&‫اء‬ +}.9‫(@&ا‬7$j /.148‫&ص‬،i?$[9‫•&ا‬s+>‫&ا‬،ÆfqÀ8?&- 4
.117-116‫&ص‬،‫م‬2008-2007/‫ه‬1429-1428&@P;*$/0‫[·@&ا‬9‫&ا‬،@·PV·[%&،‫ري‬8=·*&@;*$s&،›P#89‫&ا‬€o‫ر‬$=9‫•&ا‬ž&J‡=[s$*

146
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

ّ ّ
&†*&$3‫¼&رد‬9'QG&‫ط‬8W#&‫ت‬+Š‫&أ‬5y9‫&ا‬،‫م‬1086/‫ه‬479&‫م‬$F&@%¦.9‫‘@&ا‬+;*&•ž&<,‫ا‬8V9‫ك&ا‬8N*
.$‹«b‫&أرا‬DEF&‫داد‬J£#Ã&‫ب‬+3&'; &،†*.9‫ا‬
ّ ّ ‫إن‬ ّ
&5dºÕë&•ž&ƒO(*&،@P#$P[9‫@&وا‬Pªn'9‫=‡ن&ا‬VN[9‫(•&?‡ن&ا‬s&‫•ي‬9‫<&ا‬9$)=9‫•&ا‬ž&{*”=>‫&ا‬
ّ
&@9‫'و‬9‫¯ &ا‬PNF& Å*$%& ‫•ي‬9‫ &ا‬,Ó·9‫¼ &ا‬BQ& ‫ع‬$hk‫½ &ا‬3ƒn& ،•EF& †?& †*¬>‫' &ا‬hF‫ت &و‬+*8k& †?‫ا‬
ّ
&@VX?& ‫'ون‬38>‫' &?'أ &ا‬Wj& ،‫د‬8s89‫ &*† &ا‬$‹Ù9‫ &وإزا‬$‹ä$‚‫© &أر‬o8W=?& $;*& $*$%& —P3 ،@PV?‫ا‬+>‫ا‬
&"N;9‫ن&ا‬$‚‫@؛&و‬P#$P[9‫@&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫*@&ا‬$%‫&إ‬Dœ‫ل &إ‬8|89‫{&ا‬s‫ &*†&أ‬،@Pªn'9‫ة&ا‬8F'9‫&ا‬DEF&‫=('ت‬F‫ا‬
ّ +#&DEF&‫ء‬$µWN9&{n'h9‫وع&ا‬+q>‫{&ا‬
ّ ّ
&@9‫'و‬9‫ة&ا‬8%& O(n& ،‫ق‬+q>‫ت&*†&ا‬+*8k&†?‫ء&?¯&ا‬$s&‫•ي‬9‫ا‬
ّ ّ ّ
&@|$XS‫وع&و‬+B9‫{&ا‬,$[*&DEF&¯?$š±‫=('&أ‬F‫•ي&ا‬9‫&ا‬،:p9$>‫ا‬ & ¯WBN9&$‹«·rk&•ž&{ O(=>‫@&ا‬PV?‫ا‬+>‫ا‬
ّ
&DEF& @S8s‫ &*† &أ‬$MN?$Wn& $*‫@ &و‬N¤#‫ &*† &أ‬،‫ت‬ƒ*$;>‫دات &وا‬$h;9$?& iN;=n& $*‫ازل &و‬8·9‫¯ &ا‬Wj
ّ
.1‫س‬$·9‫ات&ا‬ ‫ر‬$[B=#‫ا‬
ّ
&$M‘‫&وإدرا‬$M(Mj&';h9& ،@P(}G&¼B·? &‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫ء&ا‬$MWj& '·F&éÏ)k&¯WB9‫ل &ا‬8|‫†&أ‬Ÿk&"9‫و‬
&‫ب‬+^>‫&ا‬Dœ‫ق&إ‬+q>‫د&*†&ا‬$F&‫•ي‬9‫ت؛&ا‬+*8k&†?‫م&ا‬$M#&"‹Œ‫ء‬$s&$·}&†*‫&و‬،‫س‬$·9‫*†&ا‬ ّ ّ
&@*$;9‫'ى&ا‬9
ّ ّ 2 ّ
&‫ة‬J‡Š&‫ﻩ‬+µ3‫ &و‬،•EF&J‡*G&¯(ÏQ&‫•ي‬9‫ع&ا‬$(=sÃ&•ž&"‹«NF& ‫ق‬8B=j&، "N;9‫ا&*†&ا‬+zB=*&‫ا‬ +)?
3 ّ ّ
. ¯=9‫ة&أد‬8W9&¯9&‫م‬8Wn&†*&"‹«j&†Ÿn&"9‫&و‬،¯=9‫ء&دو‬$(NF
ّ
&‫س‬$·9‫&ا‬+*”n& ‫م‬$%‫ &و‬،‫ء‬$MWj‫اء &و‬+*‫‡ن &أ‬V?‫ا‬+>‫ &ا‬DEF&‫ر‬$pQL& †*& ‫ت‬+*8k& †?‫&ا‬JîŸ=#‫' &ا‬%‫و‬
&$>‫ &و‬،:V?‫ا‬+>‫" &ا‬Ÿš0‫ &ا‬DEF& @PF ّ +9‫&ا‬
ّ ¨P9”k& 'gWn& Z9•?&8}‫ &و‬،+Ÿ·>‫† &ا‬F& "}$‹’o‫وف &و‬+;>$?
ّ
&•ž&@NO(=>‫@&ا‬PNhW9‫=¯&ا‬PrgF&†*&‫ب‬+W=9$?&‫ر‬8*G&¯9&‫ت‬8=#‫ت&ا‬$(¾‫&أ‬Dœ‫&إ‬:BQ‫ﻩ&و‬+*‫){&أ‬B=#‫ا‬
ّ
&Dœ‫‡ن&إ‬O3$h9‫'&ا‬3‫&وذ}¨&أ‬،cdº%G&‫س‬8[9$?& ‫{&درن‬hs&•ž&•·(=k&ÅQ$‚&5y9‫&ا‬،‫دة‬8(g*&@NPh%
.4$;P(s&‫ب‬+^>‫ن&ا‬$p#&<gQ&†*&Jî‘‫•&أ‬¤ªP3&ÅQ$‚&$‹ä‫ّأ‬
ّ ّ
&@PQ$O9‫@&ا‬N3+>‫'أ&ا‬h=9&،<#8n&†?&•EF&J‡*!9&¯;NŠ&†NF‫¯&وأ‬h}•*&Dœ‫ة&إ‬8F'9$?&‫م‬$% &‫ك‬$·}‫و‬
‫ ؛‬5‫م‬1121&JK(j8Q&25/‫}ـ‬515&@·#&‫ن‬$µ*‫&ر‬+M¸&<g=·*&•ž&ÅQ$‚&5y9‫&ا‬،@;Ph9‫&ا‬+*”?&¯k$P3&†*
ّ 5y9‫ &ا‬،‫م‬8g;>‫م &ا‬$* $?& ¯=P([À‫ &و‬،@o‫'و‬M>‫@ &ا‬o+Ï·9& io+V9‫&ا‬ ّ ّ ‫ءت & ;' &أن‬$s& '%‫و‬
&$‹M?& 'M*&

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.302‫&ص‬،6‫&ج‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،‫'ون‬NŠ&†?‫&ا‬- 2
.655‫&ص‬،&8‫&ج‬،i?$[9‫'ر&ا‬g>‫&ا‬،J‡˜G&†?‫ ا‬- 3
ّ
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.6‫&ص‬،1966&،2‫&ط‬،¼w8k&،@WP=;9‫@&ا‬h=Ÿ>‫&ا‬،‫ر‬8b$*&'()*&iPW)k&،@PgBš0‫@&وا‬n'38>‫=‡ن&ا‬9‫'و‬9‫&ا‬€o‫ر‬$k&،"P}‫ا‬+?‫'&ﷲ&*)('&?†&إ‬hF&8?‫&أ‬5d ‘‫ر‬.9‫ ا‬- 5

147
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

&•ž&$hPVŠ&@;Ph9‫م&ا‬8n&‫م‬$%& ،$MN‚‫¯&}•ﻩ&أ‬k8F‫&د‬Åk‫&آ‬$(Nj ّ & ‫{؛‬,$hW9‫ء&ا‬$#‫•ﻩ&?‡ن&رؤ‬P*ƒk‫رﻩ&و‬$gQ‫أ‬


ّ ّ ّ & ،¯?$š±‫أ‬
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ّ
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ّ "&@P*$*L&•ž&¯?$=‘&<9‫وأ‬ ّ
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ّ
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†?‫ا‬
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148
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
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‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

ّ ّ ّ ّ
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ّ
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.164‫&ص‬،2‫&ج‬،(‫ت‬.‫&)د‬،‫ء‬$µPh9‫'ار&ا‬9‫ا‬
ّ ّ ّ ّ
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.203-202‫&ص‬،¯[BQ&‫'ر‬g>‫ا‬

149
‫ا‬ ‫"! ر ا‬# $‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ -‫ة‬ ‫را‬
1‫ ان‬$‫ ) و‬1 - %&' ‫ وا*) م‬, -.' ‫ ا*) م‬/
‫م‬2022/‫ه‬1444 ( ! 8 ,) 3‫ ا*) د‬-12 3‫ا‬
EISSN 2600-6324 ISSN 2170-1636
DOI: 10.54240/2318-012-003
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/PresentationRevue/178

ّ
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8)k&'Wj&،$‹ ‫ا‬+*‫ت&أ‬$#$P#& †F& ‫ع‬$j'9‫وا‬
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&"M|+3&†*&Jî‘‫&أ‬$PQ'9‫&ا‬DEF& ‫ن‬8|+)n& ‫روا‬$|&†n•9‫&ا‬،‫م‬12/‫ه‬6& ‫ن‬+W9‫•&ا‬NV*&•*&$‹ $MWj‫&و‬$M*$p3
.†n'9‫•&ا‬Ð‫ا‬+¸&iPhVk&DEF
&‫ &?‡ن‬Å;(s& ‫'ة‬n's& @S+zk& •ž& "‹Œ8F‫رع &?•ور &د‬.9& ،‫رات‬8;9‫{ &}•ﻩ &ا‬Š‫'ا‬9‫• &ا‬ž& "M*8gŠ& <WNk ّ &-
ّ @P#$P#‫ &و‬،‫ت‬+*8k& †?‫ &ا‬$}‫د‬$%& @Pªn‫=‡ن &د‬VN#
&‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>$?& @3$7Ò9& ،•EF& †?& †*¬>‫' &ا‬hF& $M(F.k&
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&†n'o+>‫رات &ا‬8˜& ‫م‬$P%‫ &و‬،¼9'QG& •ž& ‫رى‬$g·9‫ب &ا‬+)?& "M9$^qw‫‡ن &ا‬N^=[*& ،$Ph}•*‫ &و‬$P#$P#
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&،‫س‬$·9‫ام &*† &ا‬8;9‫@ &ا‬9$(=#$?& 'n'/0‫< &ا‬9$)=9‫ &ا‬ê8Q& @Ps‫ر‬$Õ0‫@ &وا‬PNŠ‫'ا‬9‫وف &ا‬+Ï9‫› &}•ﻩ &ا‬#‫ &و‬-
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&،@N7$h9‫ءات &ا‬$F‫د‬Ã‫‹" &و‬Ù9‫< &ا‬N=X*& "‹°& ig9‫ &وأ‬،"‹’n‫• &د‬ž& ‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>$?& @WN;=>‫ &ا‬i,$Wš0‫< &ا‬Pn§£?
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&$·N;*&‫‡ن‬V?‫ا‬+>‫'&ا‬MF&Z9•?&5 =ªP9&،"n'W9‫&ا‬:V?‫ا‬+>‫<&ا‬9$)=9$?&@3$7L&†*&<9$)=9‫†&}•ا&ا‬Ÿ(=j
.@P·*.9‫@&وا‬P3‫و‬+9‫=‡ن&ا‬VN[9‫<&?‡ن&ا‬9$)=9‫@&ا‬S+zk&'n's&†*&‫'أ‬h=9‫&و‬،†n'38>‫@&ا‬9‫@&دو‬n‫†&?'ا‬F

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