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PHP Strings Strings: Xample

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14 views

PHP Strings Strings: Xample

Uploaded by

9h4vixeacj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 PHP Strings

 Strings
Strings in PHP are surrounded by either double quotation marks, or single
quotation marks.
EXAMPLE

echo "Hello";

echo 'Hello';

 Double or Single Quotes?


You can use double or single quotes, but you should be aware of the
differences between the two.

Double quoted strings perform action on special characters.

E.g. when there is a variable in the string, it returns the value of the variable:
EXAMPLE

Double quoted string literals perform operations for special characters:

$x = "John";

echo "Hello $x";

Single quoted strings does not perform such actions, it returns the string like it was written,
with the variable name:
EXAMPLE

Single quoted string literals returns the string as it is:

$x = "John";

echo 'Hello $x';

 String Length
The PHP strlen() function returns the length of a string.
EXAMPLE

Return the length of the string "Hello world!":


echo strlen("Hello world!");

 Word Count
The PHP str_word_count() function counts the number of words in a string.
EXAMPLE

Count the number of word in the string "Hello world!":

echo str_word_count("Hello world!");

 Search For Text Within a String


The PHP strpos() function searches for a specific text within a string.

If a match is found, the function returns the character position of the first
match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.
EXAMPLE

Search for the text "world" in the string "Hello world!":

echo strpos("Hello world!", "world");

 PHP Numbers
There are three main numeric types in PHP:
 Integer
 Float
 Number Strings
In addition, PHP has two more data types used for numbers:
 Infinity
 NaN

 PHP Integers
2, 256, -256, 10358, -179567 are all integers.

An integer is a number without any decimal part.


An integer data type is a non-decimal number between -2147483648 and
2147483647 in 32 bit systems, and between -9223372036854775808 and
9223372036854775807 in 64 bit systems. A value greater (or lower) than
this, will be stored as float, because it exceeds the limit of an integer.

Here are some rules for integers:


 An integer must have at least one digit
 An integer must NOT have a decimal point
 An integer can be either positive or negative
 Integers can be specified in three formats: decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base
16 - prefixed with 0x), octal (base 8 - prefixed with 0) or binary (base 2 - prefixed
with 0b)

PHP has the following predefined constants for integers:


 PHP_INT_MAX - The largest integer supported
 PHP_INT_MIN - The smallest integer supported
 PHP_INT_SIZE - The size of an integer in bytes

PHP has the following functions to check if the type of a variable is integer:
 is_int()
 is_integer() - alias of is_int()
 is_long() - alias of is_int()

EXAMPLE
CHECK IF THE TYPE OF A VARIABLE IS INTEGER:

$x = 5985;

var_dump(is_int($x));

$x = 59.85;

var_dump(is_int($x));

 PHP Floats
A float is a number with a decimal point or a number in exponential form.
2.0, 256.4, 10.358, 7.64E+5, 5.56E-5 are all floats.
The float data type can commonly store a value up to 1.7976931348623E+308 (platform
dependent), and have a maximum precision of 14 digits.
PHP has the following predefined constants for floats (from PHP 7.2):
 PHP_FLOAT_MAX - The largest representable floating point number
 PHP_FLOAT_MIN - The smallest representable positive floating point number
 PHP_FLOAT_DIG - The number of decimal digits that can be rounded into a float
and back without precision loss
 PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON - The smallest representable positive number x, so that x
+ 1.0 != 1.0

PHP has the following functions to check if the type of a variable is float:
 is_float()
 is_double() - alias of is_float()
EXAMPLE

Check if the type of a variable is float:

$x = 10.365;

var_dump(is_float($x));

 PHP Infinity

A numeric value that is larger than PHP_FLOAT_MAX is considered infinite.

PHP has the following functions to check if a numeric value is finite or infinite:

 is_finite()
 is_infinite()
However, the PHP var_dump() function returns the data type and value:
EXAMPLE

Check if a numeric value is finite or infinite:


$x = 1.9e411;

var_dump($x);

 PHP NaN
NaN stands for Not a Number.
NaN is used for impossible mathematical operations.
PHP has the following functions to check if a value is not a number:

 is_nan()
However, the PHP var_dump() function returns the data type and value:
EXAMPLE

Invalid calculation will return a NaN value:

$x = acos(8);

var_dump($x);

 PHP Numerical Strings


The PHP is_numeric() function can be used to find whether a variable is numeric. The
function returns true if the variable is a number or a numeric string, false otherwise.
EXAMPLE

Check if the variable is numeric:

$x = 5985;

var_dump(is_numeric($x));

$x = "5985";

var_dump(is_numeric($x));

$x = "59.85" + 100;

var_dump(is_numeric($x));

$x = "Hello";
var_dump(is_numeric($x));

 PHP Casting Strings and Floats to Integers


The (int), (integer), and intval() functions are often used to convert a value to an integer.

EXAMPLE

Cast float and string to integer:

// Cast float to int

$x = 23465.768;

$int_cast = (int)$x;

echo $int_cast;

echo "<br>";

// Cast string to int

$x = "23465.768";

$int_cast = (int)$x;

echo $int_cast;

 PHP Casting

 Change Data Type


Casting in PHP is done with these statements:
 (string) - Converts to data type String
 (int) - Converts to data type Integer
 (float) - Converts to data type Float
 (bool) - Converts to data type Boolean
 (array) - Converts to data type Array
 (object) - Converts to data type Object
 (unset) - Converts to data type NULL
 Cast to String

To cast to string, use the (string) statement:

Example
$a = 5; // Integer

$b = 5.34; // Float

$c = "hello"; // String

$d = true; // Boolean

$e = NULL; // NULL

$a = (string) $a;

$b = (string) $b;

$c = (string) $c;

$d = (string) $d;

$e = (string) $e;

//To verify the type of any object in PHP, use the var_dump() function:

var_dump($a);

var_dump($b);

var_dump($c);

var_dump($d);

var_dump($e);

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