THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
UNIVERSITY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS –
MARCH 2010
AN 212
HUMAN ANATOMY FOR PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS
TIME: 2 HOURS COMPUTER NO.:……………..
MAXIMUM MARKS: 135
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1. Write all your answers in the spaces provided after each question.
2. Attempt all questions
3. Read all Questions carefully.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 35 MARKS
1. Define the following terms concisely:
1.1.1 vasa vasorum__________________________________________
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1.1.2 keratinosomes _________________________________________
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1.1.3 malpighian layer ________________________________________
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1.1.4 vibrissae ______________________________________________
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1.1.5 ameloblast ____________________________________________
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1.2 Name the types of capillaries seen in the body and give one site where
each is found
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1.3 Name types of neurons and one site at which each is found
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1.4 Name the layers of the epidermis of skin in the correct order from the
basement membrane upward.
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1.5 What is the function of postcapillary venule?
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1.6 Concerning the thoracic cage:
Define:
True ribs____________________________________________________
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False ribs ___________________________________________________
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1.7 List the any 3 postulated functions of Clara cells
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1.8 Name the layers of a blood vessel wall
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1.9 Name the functional components of circulatory system
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1.10 Name 8 (eight) tissues that do not have lymphatics:
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SECTION II: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 100 MARKS
Write T (True) or F (False) in the appropriate space on the Answer Grid
Sheet. Warning: a half mark is deducted for each wrong answer.
2.1 The nervous system:
A has CNS – made up of the brain only
B the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a completely separate
anatomical entity from the CNS
C the autonomic nervous system is part of the PNS
D cell bodies in the CNS are seen in grey matter
E cell bodies of neurons outside the CNS form ganglia
2.2 In a neurone:
A the nucleus has a prominent nucleolus reflecting its intense
metabolic activity
B Nissl substance is rER
C microtubules are involved in transport of neurotransmitter
D centrioles are prominent in neurons
E perikaryon is the same as cytoplasm
2.3 Concerning myelin sheath:
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A it is formed by oligodendrocytes
B it is formed by Schwann cells
C it is important in nerve impulse transmission
D Nodes of Ranvier are swelling on the myelin sheath
E endoneurium is the same as myelin sheath
2.4 Concerning the circulatory system:
A It transports oxygen and nutrients to the tissue
B it is involved in temperature regulation
C it distributes molecules such as hormones
D it distributes defence cells
E excess extravascular fluid flows through lymphatic vessels
2.5 Valves are seen in the:
A arteries
B veins
C lymphatics
D post capillary venules
E capillaries
2.6 The following tissues are vascular:
A connective tissue
B cornea of eye
C epidermis of skin
D cartilage
E nervous tissue
2.7 The following skin appendages are seen in thick skin:
A sweat glands
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B hair follicles
C sebaceous glands
D apocrine sweat glands
E all of the above
2.8 The following cells are found in the epidermis of skin:
A keratinocytes
B melanocytes
C Langerhans cells
D Merkels cells
E Lymphocytes
2.9 The trachea:
A. is 25 cm long in an adult
B. has a framework of elastic cartilage
C. lacks a muscularis mucosae layer
D. is line by olfactory epithelium
E. has serous glands in the submucosa
2.10 Sebaceous glands that open directly into the skin are seen in:
A glans penis
B lips
C nipples
D labia minora
E eyelids
2.11 In the alimentary system
A. the center of a classical hepatic lobule is a portal triad
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B. In the upper third of the oesophugus the muscular externa
consists of skeletal muscles only
C. The vermiform appendix has Peyers patches
D. Blood flows from the periphery to the center of a portal lobule
E. The wall of the gall bladder has no submucosa .
2.12. Which statement is true concerning the following glands
A. Cowper’s gland is preferred to as the greater vestibular
gland
B. Glands of Littre are branch tubular glands
C. Crypts of Lieberkuhn are not glands but mucosal infoldings
D. Preputial gland are holocrine in secretion
E. Tarsal glands are sebaceous
2.13 The following are parts of the pancreas except the:
A. tail
B. neck
C. fundus
D. head
E. body
2.14 Centroacinar cells are typical of the:
A submandibular gland
B. pancreas
C. lacrimal gland
D. parotid gland
E. none of the above
2.15 Serous demilunes are:
A. found in the pancreas
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B. found in the parotid glands
C. produce a mucoid secretion
D. surround the terminal part of the mucous acini
E. is a feature of all compound tubulo-acinar glands.
2.16 Of the layers of the skin keratohyaline granules are found in the:
A. stratum germinativum
B. stratum spinasum
C. stratum granulosum
D. stratum corneum
E. all the above.
2.17 Nabothian follicles are found in the:
A. ovarian cortex
B. cervix
C. fundus of uterus
D. uterine tube
E. region of the labia majora
2.18 One of the functions of the liver is detoxification which cell
Organelle/s is needed for this:
A. mitochondrion
B. microbody
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E. Golgi apparatus.
2.19 Diabetes insipidus may result from:
A. increased vasopressin
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B. abnormality in the juxtaglomerular apparatus
C. impermeable collecting ducts
D. reduced insulin
E. abnormality in the Islets of Langerhans
2.20. Concerning hormones from the pituitary gland:
A during labour uterine muscle is stimulated by hormones from the
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
B milk ejection is by prolactin
C increase in ADH leads to passage of dilute urine
D excess of FSH is likely to produce a goitre
E excess of ACTH causes pigmentation of the skin
END OF EXAMINATION
