ONR

CEN ISO/TS 25107

Edition: 2020-04-15

Non-destructive testing —
NDT training syllabuses
(ISO/TS 25107:2019)

Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung — Leitfaden für Ausbildungs-Syllabus der

zerstörungsfreien Prüfung
(ISO/TS 25107:2019)

Essais non destructifs — Programmes de formation en END

(ISO/TS 25107:2019)
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Publisher and printing ICS 19.100

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Heinestraße 38, 1020 Wien Identical (IDT) with CEN ISO/TS 25107:2019-10
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be re-
produced or utilized in any form or by any means – elec-
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 ONR CEN ISO/TS 25107:2020-04

National Foreword
This European Technical Specification CEN ISO/TS 25107, falling within the scope of Committee 147
“Non-destructive testing”, has been published as ONR CEN ISO/TS 25107, since the development in this
subject field is still in a state of flux and further practical experience has to be gained. The users are kindly
requested to send relevant experiences and suggestions in writing to Austrian Standards International.

For the present ONR CEN/TS no German translation is envisaged.

Therefore, the English version has been implemented in Austria and made available to all users of the
document.
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2
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CEN ISO/TS 25107
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION October 2019

ICS 19.100 Supersedes CEN ISO/TR 25107:2006

English Version

Non-destructive testing - NDT training syllabuses (ISO/TS

25107:2019)
Essais non destructifs - Programmes de formation en Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Leitfaden für Ausbildungs-
END (ISO/TS 25107:2019) Syllabus der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung (ISO/TS
25107:2019)

This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 23 September 2019 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
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CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 25107:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 CEN ISO/TS 25107:2019 (E) ONR

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
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 ONR CEN ISO/TS 25107:2019 (E)

European foreword

This document (CEN ISO/TS 25107:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135
"Non-destructive testing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive
testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes CEN ISO/TR 25107:2006.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO/TS 25107:2019 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 25107:2019 without any
modification.
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ONR
 TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 25107

First edition
2019-09

Non-destructive testing — NDT

training syllabuses
Essais non destructifs — Programmes de formation en END
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Reference number
ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)

© ISO 2019
 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR

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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

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© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
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Published in Switzerland

ii  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
4.1 NDT training............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4.2 Levels of competence......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.3 General environmental and safety considerations................................................................................................... 3
5 Radiographic testing (RT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3...................................................................................................................... 3
6 Ultrasonic testing (UT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3............................................................................................................................16
7 Eddy current testing (ET) — Levels 1, 2 and 3.....................................................................................................................22
8 Penetrant testing (PT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3.............................................................................................................................29
9 Magnetic particle testing (MT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3.......................................................................................................35
10 Leak testing (LT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3............................................................................................................................................42
11 Acoustic emission testing (AT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3.......................................................................................................54
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12 Visual testing (VT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3.......................................................................................................................................62

13 Thermographic testing (TT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3.............................................................................................................70
14 Strain gauge testing (ST) — Levels 1, 2 and 3.......................................................................................................................79
15 Developing techniques.................................................................................................................................................................................83
Annex A (informative) Alternative training hours for advanced radiographic techniques......................94
Annex B (informative) Useful references.......................................................................................................................................................96
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 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www​.iso​.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www​.iso​.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www​.iso​
.org/iso/foreword​.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing,
Subcommittee SC 7, Personnel qualification.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TR 25107:2006.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www​.iso​.org/members​.html.
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iv  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Introduction
The body of technical knowledge required of non-destructive testing (NDT) personnel is essential
for the development of deliverables concerning NDT methods. No deliverables can be developed
appropriately for NDT methods, without sufficient information on the technical background knowledge
of the personnel who utilize the methods.
Role of NDT
Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the safety, economic and ecological welfare
of our society.
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which cannot be destroyed, modified or degraded
by the testing process. This is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing, for
example, safety parts, pipelines, power plants, and also constructions under in-service inspection, but
even for unique parts in archaeology and culture.
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner structure of the object under test. Often, the
outcome of the test needs to be interpreted to give a useful result; sometimes different NDT methods
are combined or verified by other test methods.
NDT personnel and professional ethics
NDT personnel have a great responsibility, not only with respect to their employers or contractors
but also under the rules of good workmanship. The NDT personnel is independent and free from
economic influences with regard to his/her test results, otherwise the results are compromised. The
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NDT personnel is aware of the importance of his/her signature and the consequences of incorrect test
results for safety, health and environment.
Finally, the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations of test results carrying his/her
signature and he/she never signs test reports beyond his/her certification.
Annex B provides standards numbers that can be of interest for the application of the provisions laid
out in this document.
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ONR
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)

Non-destructive testing — NDT training syllabuses

1 Scope
This document gives requirements and recommendations for non-destructive testing (NDT) training
syllabuses, with the intention of harmonizing and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT
personnel for industrial needs.
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to
ensure eligibility for qualification examinations leading to third-party certification according to
recognized standards. In addition to non-destructive testing in general, its guidelines for syllabuses
cover acoustic emission testing, eddy current testing, leak testing, magnetic testing, penetrant testing,
radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, visual testing, thermographic testing, and strain gauge testing.
ISO/TS 25108 gives requirements and recommendations for NDT training organizations.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:​//www​.iso​.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:​//www​.electropedia​.org/
3.1
adjustment
set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications
corresponding to given values of a quantity to be measured
Note 1 to entry: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span
adjustment (sometimes called gain adjustment).

4 General
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4.1 NDT training

Training syllabuses by themselves cannot guarantee competence of the trainees to provide adequate
technical knowledge, since it is quite common that some students achieve excellent results whereas
others fail in the same class. ISO 9712 provides the minimum training requirements for candidates who
possess adequate skills and prior knowledge. If it is not the case, consideration for additional training
should include:
a) level 1, 2 and 3 — mathematics;

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  1

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


b) level 1, 2 and 3 — materials and process;

c) level 3 — general knowledge common course applicable to all NDT methods.
As specified in ISO 9712, direct access to the level 2 examination requires the total training time for
level 1, level 2 and direct access to level 3 requires the total training time shown for level 1, level 2 and
level 3.
ISO 9712 also provides the opportunity for reductions in training duration for candidates seeking
certification in more than one method or who have a certain educational degree in an NDT relevant
subject. Thus, the training organizations should use discretion when implementing the syllabuses
respective of their training environment taking into consideration product/industrial sectors and
development or use of common focused courses which pertain to all NDT methods in developing their
training curriculum.

4.2 Levels of competence

A three-level scheme, in accordance with ISO 9712, is used to define levels of competence to indicate the
required depth of understanding, knowledge and application of material.
Level 1
— Acquire a general knowledge of topic areas.
— Identify equipment and accessories.
— Identify common reference documents.
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— Recognize when material is applicable or why it is relevant.

— Demonstrate understanding by performing instructed inspection tasks.
Level 2
— Attain a sound understanding of concepts and principles.
— Develop a sound conceptual and comprehensive technical knowledge.
— Develop a sound working knowledge of procedures.
— Become familiar with common reference documents.
— Become proficient in the application of knowledge to practice.
— Apply concepts and techniques to inspection situations.
— Analyse information to make preliminary conclusions.
Level 3
— Attain an in-depth understanding of concepts and principles.
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— Develop in-depth comprehensive technical knowledge of procedures.

— Be proficient in the application of knowledge to practice.
— Be proficient with the use of reference documents.
— Analyse information to form conclusions.
— Apply concepts and techniques to new inspection situations.
NOTE Where topics/subjects/content are listed across multiples levels in Tables 1 through 21, this indicates
a more in-depth knowledge is required at the higher level(s).

2  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


4.3 General environmental and safety considerations

4.3.1 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where the safety of the operator can be in
danger owing to local conditions, or where the application of the particular NDT method or technique
itself can compromise the safety of the operator and others in the vicinity.

An essential element of any training for NDT personnel shall therefore be safety. The duration of the
training for this subject should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical training
associated with a particular NDT method.

4.3.2 Additional training in radiation safety shall be required prior to radiographic training.

4.3.3 General safety considerations include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:

— environmental conditions (heat, cold, humidity);

— toxicity (NDT materials, tested products, atmosphere);
— radiation safety (NDT materials, products);
— electrical safety (NDT equipment, lethal voltages, EMC);
— potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other dangerous environments);
— personal protection equipment (clothing, radiation dosimeters);
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— pressure test safety.

5 Radiographic testing (RT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The radiographic testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
5.1 Introduction to terminology and history of radiographic 3 1 1
testing (RT)
5.2 Physical principles of the method and associated 15 10 15
knowledge
5.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method 15 15 20
and its derived techniques
5.4 Equipment 25 20 25
5.5 Information prior to testing 5 8 5
5.6 Testing 30 25 2,5
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5.7 Evaluation and reporting 5 10 7,5

5.8 Assessment 0 5 10
5.9 Quality aspects 2 5 8
5.10 Developments 0 1 6

NOTE Annex A provides guidance on the training process for advanced radiographic techniques.

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  3

 Table 2 — Radiographic testing (RT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3
4


ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)
Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
5.1 History X X X X X X X X X
Introduction to
Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X X X X X X X
terminology
and history of What is the purpose of NDT? X X X X X X X X X
radiographic At what stage of life is NDT
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testing (RT) X X X X X X X X X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X X X X X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X X X X X X X
Main NDT methods X X X X X X X X X
Purpose of radiographic Definition X X X X X X X X X
testing (RT)
Applicability and limitations X X X X X X X X X
Terminology Electromagnetic radiation X X X X X X X X X
Energy X X X X X X X X X
Dose X X X X X X X X X
Dose rate X X X X X X X X X


Wavelength X X X X X X X

ONR
Intensity X X X X X X X X X
Dose rate constant X X X X X X X
Activity X X X X X X X
Relevant standards See Annex B X X X X X X
5.2 General Structure of the atom X X X X X X X X X
Physical principles
Electromagnetic spectrum X X X X X X X X X
of the method and
associated Sources of radiation and its
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knowledge properties:
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Concepts necessary — X-rays X X X X X X X X X

for understanding — Gamma rays X X X X X X X X X
the physical princi-
ples of radiographic — Neutrons X X X
testing (physics, X-ray and gamma ray spectrum X X X X X X X X X
mathematics) may
be the object of a Essential radiographic
preliminary course parameters:
— Voltage X X X X X X X X X
— Current X X X X X X X X X
 Table 2 (continued)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)

Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Activity X X X X X X X X X
Radiation filters X X X X X X
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Focal spot X X X X X X X X X
Dose X X X X X X X X X
Dose rate X X X X X X X X X
Dose rate constant X X X X X X X
Attenuation of General mechanism of interaction:
radiation
— Photoelectric effect X X X X X X X X X
— Compton effect X X X X X X X X X
— Pair production X X X X X X X
HVL, TVL and attenuation law X X X X X X X X X
Hardening of radiation, X X X X X X X X X

ONR
Scattered radiation and build up
X X X X X X X X X
factor


Filtering and collimation X X X X X X X X X

X-ray fluorescence X X X X X X X
Attenuation of neutrons and
X X X
electrons
Radiation contrast, noise Contrast, noise, granularity X X X X X X X X X
Specific contrast X X X X X X
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Scatter influence X X X X X X X X X
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) X X X X X X
Contrast-to-noise ratio X X X X

ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
Unsharpness X X X X X X X X X
Basic spatial resolution X X X X X X
Pixel size X X X X X X
Normalized SNR (SNRN ) X X X X X
Optimization of image Compensation principles:
quality
— Contrast vs SNR X X X X
— Basic spatial resolution vs SNR X X X X
— Local unsharpness vs SNR X X X X
5


 Table 2 (continued)
6


ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)
Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Scatter protection X X X X X X X X X
Maximum/optimum X-ray voltage X X X X X X
Geometrical projection Geometrical and inherent
X X X X X X X X X
conditions unsharpness
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Geometrical magnification X X X X X X X
Effect of magnification X X X X X X X X
Optimum magnification X X X X X
Difference between radiography
X X X X X X
and radioscopy
Law of the squared distance X X X X X X X X X
Image quality indicators Wire type X X X X X X X X X
Step hole type X X X X X X X X X
Plate hole type X X X X X X X X X
Duplex wire type X X X X X X X X X
Measurement of basic spatial


X X X X X X

ONR
resolution
Converging line pairs X X X X X
Line pair gauges (MTF) X X X
5.3 General defects Processes overview:
Product knowledge
— Casting X X X X X X
and capabilities of
the method and its — Forging X X X X X
derived techniques — Welding X X X X X X
— Tubes and pipes X X X X X
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© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

— Wrought products X X X X X
— Composite material X X X X X X
Types of discontinuities X X X X X X X X X
Fracture mechanics X X X
Working load X X X
Material properties X X X X X X
Origin of defects X X X X X X
Evaluation X X X X X X
 Table 2 (continued)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)

Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Influence on Type of defect X X X X X X X X X
detectability
Size X X X X X X X X X
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Orientation X X X X X X X X X
Number of exposures X X X X X X
Beam direction X X X X X X X X X
Geometric distortion X X
Increase in wall thickness X X X X X X
Thickness ranges for X- and
X X X X X X
gamma rays
Number of exposures vs distor-
X X X X X X
tion angle (tubes and pipes)
5.4 Radiation sources — Standard sources:
Equipment X-ray sources
— Types of sources X X X X X X X X X

ONR
— Stationary vs mobile X X X X X X
— Construction and function of


X X X X X X X X X
X-ray tubes
— Unipolar vs bipolar X X X X X X
Special sources X X X X X X
Generation of high voltage X X X X X X
Cooling X X X X X X X X X
Handling X X X X X X X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Parameters:
— kV X X X X X X X X X

ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
— mA X X X X X X X X X
— Spot size X X X X X X X X X
Measurement of parameters X X X X X X
Radiation sources — Container:
Gamma sources
— Shielding X X X X X X
— Classes of containers X X
Transportation X X X X X X
Source holder and capsula:
7


 Table 2 (continued)
8


ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)
Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Handling and projection X X X X X X
— Special design X X X X
— Collimation X X X X X X
Parameters:
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— Isotope type X X X X X X
— Spectrum X X X X X X
— Energy X X X X X X
— Activity X X X X X X
— Source size X X X X X X
— Half life X X X X X X
Film Construction: X X X X
— Latent image information
X X X X
origin
— Base, emulsion, silver
X X X X
bromide, grain size, grain form


ONR
— Photo process X X X X
Processing:
— Properties of film systems X X X X
— Characteristic curve X X X X
— Film gradient, film contrast,
X X X X
speed
— Influence of film processing X X X
— Sensitivity X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

— Granularity X X X
— Detail perceptibility X X
Classification of film systems X X X
Quality assurance with film test
X X
strips
Film screens:
— Type of screens X X X
— Inherent unsharpness X X X
 Table 2 (continued)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)

Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Intensifying effect X X X
— Effect of filtering X X X
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— Screens for cobalt 60 and

X X X
Linac
Working with exposure charts X X X
Film development and Darkroom design X X X
dark room conditions
Manual vs machine development X X X
Baths:
— Different baths X X X
— Quality assurance in the
X X X
dark room
Developing process:
— Principles X X X

ONR
— Processing equipment,
X X X
adjustment


— Checking X X X
— Storage of unexposed films X X X
— Darkroom light test X X X
— Fog test X X X
— Clearing time X X X
— Tally sheet X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Use of test film strips X X

Computer-radiography Phosphor imaging plates:

ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
(CR), Imaging plates
— Introduction X X X
— Design X X X
Imaging plate and CR-scanner X X X
CR system and classification X X
Quality assurance (phantom) X X
Exposure conditions X X X
Working with exposure charts X X X
Handling X X X
9


 Table 2 (continued)
10


ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)
Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
System selection X X
DDA’s Digital Detector Arrays (DDA):
— Introduction X X X X X X
— Design X X X X X X
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Indirect converting X X X X
Direct converting X X X X
CCD, amorph. Si, CMOS X X X X
Detector adjustment X X X X
Quality assurance X X X X
Exposure conditions X X X X
Handling X X X X X X
System selection X X
LDA’s Line Detector Arrays (LDA):
— Introduction X X X X X X


ONR
— Design X X X X
Application areas X X X X
Comparison to DDA’s X X X X
Quality assurance (phantom) X X X X
Exposure conditions and
X X X X
Diagrams
Handling X X X X
System selection X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Intensifiers, Introduction X X X X
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

fluoroscope
Design X X X
Application areas X X X
Quality assurance (phantom) X X
Exposure conditions and dia-
X X
grams
Handling X X X
System selection X
Comparison to DDA’s X X
 Table 2 (continued)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)

Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Film digitization Scanner design:
— Camera based X X
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— Line scanners X X
— Laser scanners X X X
Quality assurance (phantom) X X X
Handling, archiving X X X
System selection X X
Classification X X X X
Accessories Equipment:
— Lead letters and tape X X X X X X X X X
— Holding magnets X X X X X X
— Lead shielding, collimation,
X X X X X X X X X

ONR
masking
— Rubber bands X X X X X X


— Radiation protection
X X X X X X X X X
equipment
Data acquisition, A/D interface X X X X X X
detector adjustment
Computer structure:
— Processor, memory, bus, disk X X X X X X
— Load and save of digital
X X X X X X
images
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Image formats X X X X X X
Image integration:

ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
— On chip integration/
X X X X X X
frame time
— In memory integration/
X X X X X X
frame number
— Optimum gain and latitude
X X X X
settings
— Accumulation vs integration X X X X
11


 Table 2 (continued)
12


ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)
Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
5.5 Information about the Identification or designation
Information prior test object material:
to testing
— Object to be tested X X X X X X X X X
— Kind of manufacture X X X X X X X X X
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— Catalogue of defects X X X X X X
— Extent of test coverage X X X X X X X X X
Test conditions and ap- Accessibility X X X X X X
plication of standard
Infrastructure X X X X X X
Particular test conditions X X X X X X
Application standard X X X X X X
Stage of manufacture or service
life when testing is to be carried X X X X X X
out
Standards assigned to the test
X X X X X X
object


Requirements of test personnel X X X X X X

ONR
Acceptance criteria X X X X X X
Technique and sequence Surface condition X X X X X X
of performing test
Surface preparation X X X X X X
Post-test documentation X X X X X X
Instructions Preparation of written procedure X X X
Preparation of written instruction X X X X X X
Performing inspection in accord-
X X X
ance with written instruction
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Presentation of the standards,

X X X
codes and procedures
5.6 Standard practice and Selection of technique:
Testing evaluation standards
— Different exposure geometries X X X X X X
— Interpretation of images X X X X X X
— Evaluation of flaws X X X X X X
— Use of catalogues X X X X X X
 Table 2 (continued)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)

Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Measurement of flaw
X X X X X X
dimensions
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5.7 Basic of evaluation Viewing conditions:

Evaluation and
— Room condition X X X X X X X X X
reporting
— Viewing time X X X X X X X X X
— Lapsed time after dazzling X X X
— Luminance X X X X X X
— Density measurement X X X
— Mach effect X X
Film illuminator:
— Introduction X X X
— Minimum luminance X X

ONR
— Homogeneity factor X X
Physical factors Eye sight X X X X X X


Adaption prior viewing X X

Evaluation of Verification of the image quality X X X X X X X X X
radiographs
Report of imperfections X X X X X X
Test report Complies with examination
X X X X X X
standard
Conformed to test quality X X X X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Achieved test class X X X X X X X X X

Achieved diagnostic coverage of
X X X X X X X X
test object

ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
Digital image Image structure, quantization
X X X X X X
processing (bits and Bytes)
Basic operation:
— Picture element (pixel) X X X X X X
— Grey value X X X X X X
Point operations:
— Contrast X X X X X X
— Brightness X X X X X X
13


 Table 2 (continued)
14


ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)
Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Gamma correction X X X X X X
— Histogram X X X X
— Look up table (LUT) X X X X
Matrix operations, filters: X X X X
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— Smoothing, improvement of
X X X X
SNR
— High pass, gradient X X X X
— Edge enhancement, line
X X X X
extraction
— median X X X X
Measurement tools:
— Adjustment X X X X
— Line profile X X X X
— Measurement of flaw length X X X X
— Measurement of areas X X X X


ONR
— Measurement of depth X X X X
Correction of raw data:
— Introduction X X X X
— Linearization, LUT X X
— Bad pixel interpolation X X
Automated image Principles X X X X
interpretation
Binarization X X X
Measurement of dimensions X X X X
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© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

5.8 Classification of Type X X X X X X

Assessment imperfections
Size X X X X X X
Localization X X X X X X
Frequency X X X X X X
Influence of manufacture and
X X X X X X
material
 Table 2 (continued)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

RT-F (Film) RT — D (Digital) RT-S (Radioscopy)

Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
5.9 Personnel ISO 9712 X X X X X X X X X
Quality aspects qualification
Other NDT qualification and
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X X X
certification systems
Documentation Format and scope of working
X X X
procedures
Qualification of NDT procedures X X X
Authorizations (NDT instruction,
X X X
procedures and personnel)
Developing written instruction X X X X X X
Working correctly to written
X X X
instruction
Traceability of documents X X X X X X
Reliability of measurements X X X X X X

ONR
Knowledge of applicable Correct technique selection X X X X X X
NDT application and
Use of correct test parameters X X X X X X
product standards


NDT method selection X X X

Job specific training X X X X X X
Equipment verification X X X X X X
5.10 Special techniques Stereo radiography X X X X X X
Developments
Computed tomography (CT):
— Introduction X X X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Inspection geometry X X X X
— 2D vs 3D X X

ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)
— Reconstruction principles X X
— Filtered back projections X X
— Applications X X X X
— Requirements, limitations X X X
RT-F vs RT-D X X X X X X
15


 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


6 Ultrasonic testing (UT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The ultrasonic testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 3 and 4.

Table 3 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
6.1 Introduction to terminology and history of ultrasonic 1 1 1
testing (UT)
6.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 12 12 22
6.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its 30 24 3
derived techniques
6.4 Equipment 15 8 13
6.5 Information prior to testing 1 11 13
6.6 Testing 30 27 19
6.7 Evaluation and reporting 10 8 11
6.8 Assessment 0 5 6
6.9 Quality aspects 1 4 7
6.10 Developments 0 0 5

Table 4 — Ultrasonic testing (UT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

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Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

6.1 Task of NDT personnel X X
Introduction to termi- Overview of general and product standards X
nology and history of
ultrasonic testing (UT) Terminology X X X
6.2 Review of Algebra
Physical principles and mathematical X
associated knowledge basics
Concepts necessary Trigonometry X
for understanding the Logarithms X
physical principles
of ultrasonic testing Physical definitions Sinusoidal movement X X
(physics, mathematics) and typical Amplitude X X
may be the object of a parameters Period
preliminary course X X
Frequency X X
Velocity X X
Acoustic impedance X X
Acoustic pressure X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Factors of reflection and trans-

X
mission (normal beam only)
Isotropic materials X X
Anisotropic materials X X
Waves Sinusoidal movement X
Amplitude X
Frequency X
Wavelength X
Propagation velocity X

16  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 4 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Longitudinal X X
Transverse X X
Rayleigh waves (surface waves) X X X
Creeping waves X X
Guided waves X X
Transmission and Effects at interfaces at normal
X X
reflection incidence
— Transmission X X
— Reflection X X
— Interference X
— Dispersion X X X
Snell’s law X X
Relation between velocity and
X
elastic properties
Effects at interfaces at oblique
X X
incidence
— Transmission X X
— Reflection X X
— Refraction X X
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Corner reflectors X X
— Reflection X X
— Mode conversion X X
Electrostriction X
Magnetostriction X
Electrodynamic generation X
Generation by laser X
Piezo-electric effect X X
Reverse piezo-electric effect X X
Transducer Material X X
characteristics Dimensions X X
Frequency X X
Piezo-electric constants X X
Sound fields of disc Near field (Fresnel zone) X X
shaped transducers Far field (Fraunhofer zone) X X
Beam divergence X X
Influence of transducer frequency
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

X X
and diameter
6.3 General defects Casting X X
Product knowledge Forging X X
and related capabili-
ty of the method and Welding X X
derived techniques Tubes and pipes X X
Wrought products X X
Composite material X X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  17

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 4 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Implementation of the According to products X X
testing techniques According to expected disconti-
X X
nuities
Standards, specifications and
X
codes
Overall properties Influence of surface conditions X X
of the specimen Geometry (additional echoes due
to grazing incidence and radial X X
straight beam incidence
Structure (sound attenuation) X X
Selection of probe X
— Inspection-oriented design of
X
specimen
Testing technique based on task X
— Simulations X
6.4 Ultrasonic Digital instruments X X
Equipment instruments — Design X X
— Function X X
— Pulse generation X X
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— Reception X X
— Amplification X X
— A-scan presentation X X
— RF-signal X X
— Rectification X X
— Peak and flank measurement X X
Analogue vs digital X X
Ultrasonic thickness gauge X X
Automated and semi-automated
X X
systems
Manual X
Speed X
Incrementation X
Repeatability X
Sampling rate X
Probes Straight beam X X
— Design X X
— Application X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Angle beam X X
— Design X X
— Effects at interface wedge/
X X
specimen
— Critical angles X X
— Typical angles for testing of
X X
steel
— Sound fields X X
— Probe index X X

18  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 4 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Beam angle X X
— Change of probe index and
beam angle due to abrasion or X X
probe shoes
— Half and full skip X X
— Application X X
Dual-element X X
— Design X X
— Deviation error X X
— Sound field X X
— Adjustment X X
— Application X X
Dynamic range X
Immersion probes (focused,
spherical, cylindrical, Fermat X X
surface)
Measurement of pulse length X
Practical measurement of
X
directional characteristics
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Shoe (delay, curvature) X

Couplant X X
Connecting cables Length X
Impedance X
Adjustment reference Adjustment block No. 1 X X X
and transfer blocks Adjustment block No. 2 X X X
Reference blocks X X X
Resolution X X X
— Near X X X
— Far X X X
6.5 Information about Identification or designation
X X X
Information prior to the test object material
testing — Object to be tested X X X
— Kind of manufacture X X X
— Catalogue of defects X X
— Extent of test coverage X X X
Test conditions and Accessibility X X
application of Infrastructure X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

standard
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or service
life when testing is to be carried X
out
Standards assigned to the test
X X
object
Requirements of test personnel X X
Acceptance criteria X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  19

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 4 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Technique and Surface condition X X
sequence of Surface preparation X X
performing test
Post-test documentation X
Instructions Preparation of written procedure X
Preparation of written instruction X
Performing inspection in
accordance with written X
instruction
6.6 Techniques Pulse echo and transmission X X
Testing Contact X X
Tandem technique X
Immersion technique X
TOFD technique X
Phased Array technique X
Techniques for ultrasonic
X X
thickness measurement
— Reference reflectors
X
(laws of distance and size)
Verification of combined
X X
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equipment
— DGS-techniques X
— Multiple probe arrays X
EMAT X
Range setting X X
— Single point adjustment X X
— Two point adjustment X X
Sensitivity setting X X
— Reference reflectors
X X
(BW, SDH, DSR)
— Single reflector technique
X X
(reference height)
— Air coupled ultrasonic testing X
— Guided waves X X
— Testing at higher temperatures X X
Different sizing techniques X
— Principles X
— Limitations X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Requirements for reference

X X
blocks
— DAC-technique X X
— Transfer correction X X
— Recording gain (testing level) X X
— Errors at echo height
X X
evaluation
Laser UT X
Verification of procedures and
X
instructions for their efficiency

20  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 4 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
6.7 Interpretation Relevant standards X
Evaluation and Relevant specifications X
reporting
Relevant codes X
Evaluation (conventional or
computer aided methods e.g. echo X
tomography, SAFT)
Data storage process (e.g. ALOK) X
Detecting, locating Detecting X X
and sizing techniques Distinction between defect and
X X
geometry echo
Locating (calculation, trigono-
X X
metrical rules)
Interpretation X
Evaluation X
A-scan presentation X X X
B-scan presentation X X
C-scan presentation X X
D-scan presentation X
E-scan presentation X
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F-scan presentation X
P-scan presentation X
S-scan presentation X
Recording results X X
Classifying results X X
Acceptance levels X X
Echo height evaluation with
X
DGS-method
Sizing and half amplitude tech-
X
nique
Sizing using the fixed amplitude
X
level technique
Echo height evaluation with
single reflector technique and X X
DAC-method
Reporting X X
Check content and matching of
test reports, instructions and X
procedures
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

6.8 Evaluation and Application of the acceptance

Assessment confirmation of criteria according to standards, X
test reports codes and procedures
6.9 Personnel ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects qualification Other NDT qualification and cer-
X X
tification systems
Documentation Traceability of documents X X
Equipment verification X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Format of working procedures X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  21

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 4 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
6.10 Newest develop- Phased array X X X
Developments ments for industrial Time of fight diffraction X X X
and scientific appli-
cations of UT Long-range X X X
Computer modelling X

7 Eddy current testing (ET) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The Eddy current testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 5 and 6.

Table 5 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
7.1 Introduction to terminology and history of eddy current 1 1 2
testing (ET)
7.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 15 16 17
7.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its 10 10 15
derived techniques
7.4 Equipment 24 17 15
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7.5 Information prior to testing 4 19 26

7.6 Testing 37 19 4
7.7 Evaluation and reporting 5 8 8
7.8 Assessment 0.0 4 4
7.9 Quality aspects 4 4 4
7.10 Developments 0.0 2 5

Table 6 — Eddy current testing (ET) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
7.1 History X X X
Introduction to termi- Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X
nology and history of
eddy current testing What is the purpose of NDT?
X X X
(ET)
At what stage of life is NDT per-
X X X
formed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Main NDT methods X X X

Purpose of eddy Definition X
current testing (ET) Applicability and limitations X

22  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 6 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
7.2 Electricity Direct current X X X
Physical principles and — Current X X X
associated knowledge
— Voltage X X X
Concepts necessary
for understanding the — Resistance X X X
physical principles of — Conductance X X X
eddy current (physics, — Ohm’s law X X X
mathematics) may be
the object of a prelimi- — Resistivity X X X
nary course — Conductivity X X X
Units X X X
— Conductivity values for
X X X
some metals
Alternating current X X X
— Sinusoidal current X X X
— Voltage X X X
— Amplitude X X X
— Frequency X X X
— Period X X X
— Phase X X X
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— Vector representation X X
Other periodic currents X
Magnetism Magnetic field X X X
Lines of force X X
Magnetic field strength X X X
Permeability X X X
Flux density (induction) X X X
Flux X X X
Hysteresis loop X X X
Units X X X
Diamagnetism X X
Paramagnetism X X
Ferromagnetism X X
Reluctance X X
Magneto-motive force X X
Electromagnetism Magnetic field created by a
X X X
current (wire, coil)
Electromagnetic induction
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

X X X
phenomenon
Inductance X X X
Mutual inductance X X
Electromagnetic coupling X X X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  23

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 6 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Induced currents X X X
Secondary field X X X
Lenz’s law X X X
Distribution in conducting
X X X
materials
— Planar wave X X
— Depth of penetration X
— Standard depth of
X X
penetration
— Amplitude X X X
— Phase X X X
Cylindrical conductors X X
— Characteristic frequency X X X
Real (practical) depth of
X X
penetration
Impedance X X X
— Complex plane representa-
X X
tion
— Impedance plane diagrams X X
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Alternative techniques Pulsed eddy current X

Magnetic field sensors X
Alternating current field
X
measurement
Remote field eddy currents X
Simulation Analytical calculation of eddy
X
current tests
7.3 Defectology Manufacturing related
X X
Product knowledge and discontinuities
related capability of the Service induced discontinuities X X
method and derived
techniques Material properties influencing
X X
eddy current testing
— Conductivity X X
— Permeability X X
Product characteristics influ-
X X
encing eddy current testing
— Condition (surface, heat
X X
treatment, cold working)
— Temperature X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Shape X X
— Wall thickness X X
— Accessibility X X

24  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 6 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Products being tested X
— Semi-finished products X
— Pipes X
— Heat exchanger tubes X
— Mechanical parts (e.g. cars,
X
railway and aircraft industry)
— Welds (e.g. offshore) X
Characteristics of flaws
X
affecting detection
— Width/depth ratio X
Applications of eddy Material characterization: con-
current testing ductivity, ferrite content, metal
sorting, heat treatment sorting,
thickness of thermochemical
treatments (case hardening, X X X
nitriding....), coating thickness
(conductive or non-conductive),
and derived information (hard-
ness....)
Detection of discontinuities:
cracks (SCC, fatigue), wall thin- X X X
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ning, corrosion, deposits...

Capabilities Depth of penetration X X X
Conductive materials X X X
Non-contact X X X
High speed X X X
High temperature X X X
Multiplexed arrays X
Mechanized X X X
Techniques Single frequency X X X
Multifrequency X X X
Multiparameter X X X
Pulsed current X X
Multiplexed arrays X X
Remote field X X
Similarity rules for surface
inspection and tube character- X X
istic/limit frequencies
Codes and standards X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

7.4 Eddy current testing Instrument X X X

Equipment system General purpose applications —
X X
essential functions

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  25

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 6 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Specific applications X X
— Pulsed eddy current X
— Magnetic field sensors X
— Alternating current field
X
measurement
Mechanized equipment X X
Probes X X X
— Combined X X
— Separate transmit —
X X
receive
— Surface X X
— Coaxial X X
— Designs X X
— Array probes (description
X X
and operating principles)
Measurements X X X
— Absolute X X X
— Differential X X X
— Impedance testing X X
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Output and signal — Signal-to-noise X X X

display — Distortion/non-linearity X X X
— Filters X X X
Reference blocks Material X X X
Design X X
Production X X
Storage X X
Codes and standards X X
7.5 Information about the Written instructions X
Information prior to test object Identification or designation
testing X X X
material
— Object to be tested X X X
— Kind of manufacture X X X
— Catalogue of defects X X
— Extent of test coverage X X
Test conditions and Accessibility X X
application of standard Temperature X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Humidity X
Availability X

26  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 6 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Unwanted interfering signals X
Electric and/or magnetic
X
disturbances
Infrastructure X
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or service
life when testing is to be car- X
ried out
Standards assigned to the test
X X
object
Requirements of test personnel X X
Acceptance criteria X X
Technique and Surface condition X
sequence of Surface preparation X
performing test
Post-test documentation X
Equipment to be used X
Requirement for recording X
Instructions Preparation of written
X
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procedure
Preparation of written
X
instruction
Performing inspection in
accordance with written X
instruction
Documents X
Presentation of the standards,
X
codes and procedures
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  27

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 6 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
7.6 Probe selection as a Product
Testing result of 7.5 — Grade X X
— Metallurgical condition X X
— Shape X X
— Type of discontinuity sought X X
— Location X X
— Duty of the product X X
— Extent of examination X X
Operating conditions — Temperature X X
as a result of 7.5 — Humidity X X
— Access X X
— Availability X X
— Interfering signals X X
— Electric and/or magnetic
X X
disturbances
Parameters Excitation frequency X X X
Auxiliary frequencies X X X
Probe speed X X X
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Probe clearance X X X
Probe vibration X X X
Probe centering X X X
Adjustment curves X X X
Settings Data acquisition X X X
Written procedure X X
Written instruction X X
7.7 Reporting Reporting level X X
Evaluation and report- Examination report X X X
ing
Evaluation Characterization of the
X X
indications
— Single frequency analysis X X
— Multi-frequency analysis X X
— Data analysis X X
7.8 Evaluation and Acceptance criteria accord-
Assessment confirmation of ing to standards, codes and X X
test reports procedures
Training of level 1 and 2 of the
X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

acceptance criteria

28  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 6 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
7.9 Factors affecting qual- Personnel qualification X X X
Quality aspects ity of testing — ISO 9712 X X X
— Other NDT qualification and
X
certification systems
Format and scope of working
X
procedures
Qualification of NDT procedures X
Authorizations (NDT instruc-
X
tion, procedures and personnel)
Developing written instruction X
Working correctly to written
X
instruction
Traceability of documents X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Knowledge of appli- Correct technique selection X
cable NDT application Use of correct test parameters X
and product standards
NDT method selection X X
Job specific training X X X
Equipment verification X X X
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7.10 General information Non-inductive techniques X

Developments — Magneto-optical imaging X
— SQUID X
— Giant magneto-resistance X
Imaging X
Modelling X

8 Penetrant testing (PT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The penetrant testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 7 and 8.

Table 7 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
8.1 Introduction to terminology and history of penetrant 3 4 8
testing (PT)
8.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 3 8 9
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

8.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its 18 13 8

derived techniques
8.4 Equipment 12 8 8
8.5 Information prior to testing 3 8 22
8.6 Testing 12 12 4
8.7 Evaluation and reporting 37 19 10
8.8 Assessment 3 4 2
8.9 Quality aspects 6 12 21
8.10 Environmental and safety conditions 3 8 6

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  29

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 7 (continued)
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
8.11 Developments 0 4 2

Table 8 — Penetrant testing (PT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
8.1 History X X X
Introduction to termi- Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X
nology and history of
penetrant testing (PT) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
At what stage of life is NDT
X X X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
Main NDT methods X X X
Purpose of penetrant Definition X X X
testing (PT) Applicability and limitations X X X
Terminology X X X
8.2 Penetrant systems Penetrant types X X X
Physical principles and
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— Fluorescent X X X
associated knowledge
— Visible X X X
Concepts necessary
for understanding the Basis of fluorescent and ab-
physical principles sorption principles used in dye X
of penetrant testing penetrants
(physics) may be the Interactions between differ-
X
object of a prelimi- ent dyes
nary course Penetrant techniques X X X
— Water washable X X X
— Post emulsifiable X X X
— Solvent removeable X X X
Emulsifiers X X X
Cleaner X X X
Developer X X X
— Wet X X X
— Dry X X X
Properties and Physical basics of the method X X X
characteristics Penetrant X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Viscosity X X X
— Flashpoint X X
— Bleed out X X
— Capillarity X X
— Superficial tension X X X
— Contact angle X X X
— Vapour pressure X X X
Influence of material
X X
roughness

30  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 8 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Variable values of rough-
X
ness (Ra + Rz)
— Components with multiple
roughness (i.e. foundry with X
machining)
Signal-to-noise ratio concept X X X
Residual background noise
X X X
(over/under washing risks)
Emulsification of penetrant X X X
Cleaner X X X
Developer X X X
8.3 Test conditions X X X
Product knowledge — Lighting in work and sur-
and related capability X
rounding areas
of the method and
derived techniques — Adaption to black light
X
environment
— Transition between bright
X
and darkened areas
Viewing conditions X X X
— Performance of penetrant
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X
based on temperature
— Role of adaptation to dark-
X
ened environment
— Cleanliness X
— Modulation (increase) of
lighting and adaptation period
X
to darkened environment ac-
cording to age of inspector
Technique selection X X
Technique application X X X
8.4 Design and operation Aerosol spray cans X X X
Equipment of penetrant installa- — Compressed gas, liquefied
tions and units X
gas, “atomization”
Dip tanks X X X
Electrostatic systems,
X X
fluidized bed
Semi-automatic systems X X
Automatic systems X X
Application X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Light sources X X
— Introduction to actinic blue X
— Physiological human factor
knowledge of aspects related to X
lighting
— Quality of LED products X
Measuring units X X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  31

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 8 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Basics of metrology X
— Metrological uncertainties X
Reference blocks X X
— Minimum quality required
X X
for a reference photo
Viewing conditions X X
8.5 Information about the Identification or designation
X X X
Information prior to test object material
test — Object to be tested X X X
— Kind of manufacture X X X
— Catalogue of defects X X
— Extent of test coverage X X X
Test conditions and Accessibility X X
application of standard Infrastructure X
Particular test conditions X X
— Actinic blue X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or service
life when testing is to be car- X
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ried out
Standards assigned to the test
X X
object
Requirements of test personnel X X
Acceptance criteria X
Technique and Surface condition X
sequence of Surface preparation X
performing test
— Differences between aque-
ous alkaline degreaser and X
water based/solvent
— Danger of borates and
silicate in water based clean- X
ers — soaps
Post-test documentation X
Instructions Preparation of written
X
procedure
Preparation of written
X
instruction
Documents X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Presentation of the standards,

X
codes and procedures
8.6 Preparation and Performing inspection in
Testing performance of the test accordance with written in- X
struction
Supervision of personnel X X
Parameters Preparation of the parts and
X X X
influence of the surface quality
— Surface preparation X X
— Cleaning X X

32  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 8 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Technique X X
— Selection X X
— Correct use X X X
Planning of the test X
— Grids X
— Coverage X
Detecting medium X X X
— Correct use X X
— Correct selection X X
Viewing conditions X X X
Observation and indications X X
Recording of discontinuities X X
Reporting X X
Interpretation of indications X X
Labelling and disposition of
X X
tested product
Cleaning of components X X
8.7 Test report Viewing conditions X X X
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Evaluation and Reference block No. 1

reporting X X
Reference block No. 2 X X X
— Differences between pro-
gressive and non-progressive X
panels
Statistical aspects of analysed
parameters to revalidate pene- X
trant use
Verification of indication quality X X X
— Use of reference pho-
tographs to validate visual X
conditions
Report of simple welding, forg-
ing rolled products and casting X
imperfections
Other reference blocks used X X
Adjustment of test units batch
X X
test report
Evaluation Report of discontinuities X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

8.8 Assessment of Influence of manufacture and

X X
Assessment discontinuities material
Depth X X
Width X X
Shape X X
Position X X
Orientation X X
8.9 Personnel ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects qualification Other NDT qualification and
X
certification systems

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  33

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 8 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Documentation Format and scope of working
X
procedures
Qualification of NDT
X
procedures
Authorizations (NDT
instruction, procedures X
and personnel)
Developing written instruction X
Working correctly to written
X
instructions
Traceability of documents X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Knowledge of Correct technique selection X
applicable NDT Use of correct test parameters X
application and
product standards NDT method selection X X
Job specific training X X X
Equipment verification X X X
Relevant standards
8.10 Chemicals Chemical handling (aerosols/
X X X
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Environmental and propellants)

safety conditions Disposal X X X
— Penetrant X X X
— Developer X X X
— Emulsifier X X
— Soluble remover X
— Material of process excess
X X
removal
— Active carbon method X
— Ultrafiltration method X
Material safety data sheet X
Review of applicable NDT
application and product X
standard
Accessories Violet and UV radiation hazards X X X
Dangers of white lights X X X
Electrical hazards X X X
UV filters X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Vision considerations X X X
Protective glasses X X X
Human factors Extended stay in dark areas X
Role of breaks X
8.11 Special installations X
Developments Automotive installations X
Creative and innovative special
X
installations
Tube installations X

34  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


9 Magnetic particle testing (MT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The magnetic particle testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 9 and 10.

Table 9 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
9.1 Introduction to terminology and history of magnetic 3 4 3
particle testing (MT)
9.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 3 8 13
9.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its 18 13 13
derived techniques
9.4 Equipment 12 8 13
9.5 Information prior to testing 3 8 6
9.6 Testing 12 12 19
9.7 Evaluation and reporting 37 19 9
9.8 Assessment 3 4 3
9.9 Quality aspects 6 12 15
9.10 Environmental and safety conditions 3 8 3
9.11 Developments 0 4 3
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Table 10 — Magnetic particle testing (MT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
9.1 History
Introduction to Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X
terminology and
history of magnetic What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
particle testing (MT) At what stage of life is NDT X X X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
Main NDT methods X X X
Purpose of magnetic Definition X X X
particle testing (MT) Applicability and limitations X X X
Terminology X X X
9.2 Basic physical Electric circuits X X X
Physical principles phenomena — Typical values X X X
and associated
knowledge — Units X X X
Magnetic circuits X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Concepts necessary
for understanding — Typical values X X X
the physical prin- — Units X X X
ciples of magnetic
particle testing Magnetic field X X X
(physics to include — Characterization X X X
electrical theory)
— Measurements X X X
may be the object of
a preliminary course — Magnetic field (H) X X X
— Magnetic induction (B) X X X
— Designation of alloys X X X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  35

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 10 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Magnetic field created by X X X
electric circuits
— Indefinite rectilinear X X X
conductor
— Long magnetic coil X X X
— Short or flat magnetiz- X X X
ing coil
— Influences of the flux X X X
of a magnetic field in a
non-magnetic media
— Continuity of Ht X X X
— Continuity of Bn X X X
— Passage of flux from X X X
a magnetic medium to a
non-magnetic medium
Magnetic flux of a magnetic X X X
discontinuity
— Influence of depth X X X
— Influence of orientation X X X
Properties of materials Non-magnetic materials X X X
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Magnetic materials X X X
— Influence of temperature X X X
on the magnetic properties
Diamagnetism X X X
Paramagnetism X X X
Ferromagnetism X X X
Ferrimagnetism X
Influence of work hardening X
Influence of heat treating X
Particular alloys X X
— Permalloys X X
— Invar X X
— Inconel X X
Characteristics of Influence of the geometry in X X X
magnetic particle testing detecting a magnetic discon-
tinuity
— Depth X X X
— Thickness X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Orientation X X X
Magnetic properties X X X
— Principal ferromagnetic X X X
alloys
Non-magnetic properties X X X
Magnetic materials X X X
— Field of application X X X
— Curie point X X X

36  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 10 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Curve of the first X X X
magnetization
— Hysteresis cycle and X X X
remarkable points
— Magnetic properties of X X X
steel
Behaviour of a magnetic X X X
particle in the vicinity of a
magnetic flux
— Magnetic field (H) X X
— Magnetic induction (B) X X
— Relative magnetic perme- X X
ability, µr
— Coercive force, Hc X X
— Electrical resistivity, ρ X X
Influence of composition X X X
9.3 Processing Test conditions X X X
Product knowledge Preparation of parts X X X
and related capabili-
ty of the method and Viewing conditions X X X
derived techniques
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— Visual ergonomics X
— Modulation (increase) of X
lighting and adaption period
in darkened environment
according to age of inspector
Light sources X X X
— Physiological human X
factor knowledge of aspects
related to lighting
— Quality of light sources X
products
Application of medium X X X
Technique selection X X
Factors affecting indications X X
Metrological uncertainties X
9.4 Magnetizing equipment Permanent magnets X X X
Equipment Portable electromagnets X X X
Coils X X X
Threading bars X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Prods X X X
Magnetic benches X X X
— Fixed and portable X X X
— Automatic X X
— Robotized X X
Clamps X X X
Cable wraps X X X
Swinging field X X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  37

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 10 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Mobile X X
Measurement and Field indicators X X X
adjustment Hall probe X X
Demagnetization Accessories X
— Products indicators X
— Field strength X
measuring devices
— Flux indicators X
Detection media Contrast paint X X X
Particles X X X
Viewing Light sources X X X
conditions — Quality of LED products X
Human factors X X X
— Adaptation to darkened X X
environment
— Transition from bright/ X X
darkened lighting conditions
— Role of adaptation for X X
darkened environment
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Conditions of illumination X X
— Photometers and X
radiometers
9.5 Information about the Identification or designation X X X
Information prior test object material
to test
— Object to be tested X X X
— Kind of manufacture X X X
— Catalogue of defects X X
— Extent of test coverage X X X
Test conditions and Accessibility X X
application of standard Infrastructure X
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or ser- X
vice life when testing is to be
carried out
Standards assigned to the X X
test object
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Requirements of test person- X X

nel
Acceptance criteria X
Technique and Surface condition X
sequence of Surface preparation X
performing test
Post-test documentation X
Instructions Preparation of written X
procedure

38  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 10 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Preparation of written X
instruction
Documents X
Presentation of the stand- X
ards, codes and procedures
9.6 Performing inspection in X
Testing accordance with written
instruction
Supervision of testing X X
personnel
Parameters Preparation of the parts X X
and influence of the surface
quality
— Surface preparation X X
Demagnetization X X X
Cleaning, machining X X
Magnetization X X
— Equipment X X
— Current type X X
— Type X X
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— Time of application X X
Control of magnetization X X X
conditions
— Values of the magnetizing X
parameters
— Continuous or X X
simultaneous technique
— Remanence technique X
— Use of flux indicators and X
magnetometers
Technique X X X
— Correct use X X
— Selection X X
— Magnetic field strength X X
— Orientation X X X
Planning of the test X X X
— Grids X X
— Coverage X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Detecting medium X
— Correct use X X X
— Correct selection X X
— Wet medium X X
— Dry medium X X
— Contrast paint X X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  39

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 10 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Viewing conditions X X X
— Adaptations to darkened X
environment
— Cleanliness X
Observation and indications X X X
Recording of discontinuities X X
Reporting X X
Interpretation of indications X
Labelling and disposition of X
tested product
Treatment of Residual field X X
components — Condition requiring de- X
magnetization
— Level of residual X
— Influence on later use of X
material
Demagnetization X X X
— Basic principles X X
— Industrial methods X X
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— Influence of terrestrial X X
magnetic field
— Minimal value of the mag- X X
netic field of demagnetization
principles
— Frequency X X
— Effect of skin X X
— Calculation of magnetiz- X X
ing coil
Cleaning of components X X X
9.7 Classification of Welding X X
Evaluation and indications Casting X X
reporting
Forging X X
Fe tubes X X
Inspection conditions Viewing according to X X X
reference block
Use of other reference blocks X X
Verification of the indication X X X
quality (ISO 3059)
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Adjustment of test units X X

Batch test report X
Test report Basics of evaluation X
Test report X X X
— Check test report X
— In accordance with writ- X
ten procedure
Report of imperfections X X

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Table 10 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Evaluation of the indication X X
quality
Preservation of indications X
9.8 Assessment of Relevant and non-relevant X
Assessment indications
Assessment of Influence of manufacture X
discontinuities Influence of material X
Influence of depth X X
Influence of shape X X
Influence of position X X
Influence of orientation X X
9.9 Personnel qualification ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects Other NDT qualification and X
certification systems
Documentation Format and scope of working X
procedures
Qualification of NDT X
procedures
Authorizations (NDT X
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instruction, procedures
and personnel)
Developing written X
instruction
Working correctly to written X
instruction
Traceability of documents X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Knowledge of applicable Correct technique selection X
NDT application and Use of correct test parameters X
product standards
NDT method selection X X
Job specific training X X X
Equipment verification X X X
— Medium concentration X
— Medium contamination X
— Ammeter adjustment X
— Lift test X
9.10 Human Factors Extended stay in dark areas X X
Environmental and
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Role of breaks X X
safety conditions
Role of anti-UV glasses X
Chemicals Proper handling (aerosols/ X X X
propellants)
Disposal of effluents X X
Environmental conditions X X
Treatment and rejection of X
the effluents
Toxicity of lead contact pads X
Toxicity of products X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  41

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Table 10 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Risks related to the products X X X
Material safety data sheet X X
Review of applicable NDT X
application and product
standard
Fire hazards X
Accessories UV radiation hazards X X X
Hazards of white light X
Electrical hazards X X X
UV filters X X
Vision considerations X X X
— Protective glasses X X X
9.11 Special installation and X
Developments equipment
Actinic blue (alternative X X
wavelengths)
New techniques X
Creative and innovative X
special installations
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10 Leak testing (LT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The leak testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 11 and 12.

Table 11 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
10.1 Introduction to terminology and history of leak
5 2 2
testing (LT)
10.2 Physical principles of the method and associated
9 6 8
knowledge
10.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and
10 12 16
its derived techniques
10.4 Equipment 15 14 12
10.5 Information prior to testing 5 4 10
10.6 Testing 49 50 29
10.7 Evaluation and reporting 2 4 8
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10.8 Assessment 0 4 7
10.9 Quality aspects 5 2 5
10.10 Developments 0 2 3

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Table 12 — Leak testing (LT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
10.1 History X X X
Introduction to Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X
terminology and
history of leak What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
testing (LT) At what stage of life is NDT per- X X X
formed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
Main NDT methods X X X
Purpose of leak Definition X X X
testing (LT) Applicability and limitations X X X
10.2 Physical behaviour of Structure of matter X
Physical principles matter (fundamental)
and associated — Atomic theory X
knowledge
— Ionization X
— State of matter X
— Molecular structure X
— Diatomic and monatomic X
molecules
— Molecular weight X
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Solid-liquid and liquid vapour X

— State changes X
Gas laws and fundamentals X X
— Brownian movements X
— P-V and P-T diagrams X
— Pascal’s law X
— Charles’ law X X
— Boyle’s laws X X
— Gay Lussac’s Law X
— Dalton’s law of partial X
pressure
— Hagen Poiseuille’s law X
— Perfect gas formula and X
its application for leakage
calculation
— Mean free-path definition X
and meaning
— Gas properties X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Kinetic theory of gas X

(fundamental)
— Avogadro’s law X
— Gas mixture and X
concentration
— Gas velocity, density and X
viscosity
Perfect and real gases X
Pressure Vapour pressure and its effects X
in a vacuum

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  43

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Pressure as force on unit area X
Main pressure units X
Vapour pressure X
Relationship between different X
measurement units
Standard and normal conditions X
Definition of pressure from the X
kinetic theory of gas
Relationship between mean free X
path and pressure
Perfect gas law The formula and its use for X
leakage calculation
Pressure range in a Different range X
vacuum Relationship between mean free X
path and vacuum range
Flow in vacuum Definition X X
Leakage as a flow X
Flow parameters X
— Relationship between mean X
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free-path and flow

— Viscous flow X
— Molecular flow X
— Intermediate flow X
— Flow and kinetic theory X
— Factors affecting gas flow X
— Leak rate versus viscosity X
— Reynolds number vs Knud- X
sen number
— Geometry of a leak path X
capillary
— Permeation X
— Capillary X
Leakage Units X
measurement — Relationships X
Conductance in Definition and meaning X
vacuum Conductance calculation X X
— Nomograph or simplified X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

formulae
Flow and conductance X
Degassing Practical implications X
Practical concept and funda- X
mentals
Different gas behaviours X
Material X
Pumping speed Definition and meaning X
Pumping speed calculations X
Virtual and real leak Concept X

44  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Difference X
Source of real and virtual leaks X
pressure vs time
Calculation on virtual leak influ- X
ence in a pressure change test
10.3 Type of leak testing Leak location X
Product knowl- Leak measurement X
edge and related
capability of the Pass/fail test X
method and de- Leakage monitoring X
rived techniques
Specification X
Sensitivity X
Object preparation Cleanliness X
— Cleaning procedures and X
effects on leak detection meas-
urements
Sealed object with or without X
tracer gas
Object inaccessible from one or X
both sides
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Object working above or below X

the atmospheric pressure
Specifications and Bubble emission technique X
technique capabilities — Principles of bubble emis- X
sion techniques
— Immersion technique X
— Liquid application technique X
— Physical principles involved X
Pressure change tech- Fundamentals of working X
niques principles
— Pressure testing X
— Vacuum testing X
Principles of detection for the X
pressure change techniques
— Pressure decay technique X
— Pressure rise technique X
— Bell pressure change tech- X
nique
— Flow measurement tech- X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

nique
Difference between the pressure X
testing and the vacuum testing
considering the perfect gas law
Terminology related to X
pressure testing
Tracer gas technique Principles of detection X
Helium as tracer gas X
Tracer gas detectors X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  45

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Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Tracer gas flow into the object X
(group A techniques)
Tracer gas flow out of the object X
(group B techniques)
Chemical or physical Principles of detection for the X
properties of detectors tracer gas flow into the object —
Group A techniques
Local leak X
— Spraying X
— Vacuum technique (local) X
— Vacuum technique (partial) X
— Bell pressure test X
Global leak X
— Vacuum technique (total) X
— Bell pressure test X
— Pressure rise X
— Flow measurements X
Principles of detection for tracer X
gas flow out of the object —
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Group B techniques
Local leak X
— Chemical detection with X
ammonia
— Vacuum box using internal X
tracer gas
— Sniffing test X
— Bubble and vacuum box X
— Pressure technique by accu- X
mulation
— Bell pressure test X
Global leak X
— Bubble test — immersion X
— Bubble test foaming X
— Pressure technique by accu- X
mulation — global
— Pressurization-evacuation X
test (bombing)
— Vacuum chamber technique X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Bell pressure test X

— Pressure change X
— Flow measurements X
Test method Fundamentals X
Choice of criteria X X
10.4 Vacuum gauges Choice of gauges for different X
Equipment pressures
Total pressure and partial pres- X
sure gauges

46  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Absolute and differential gauges X
Primary and secondary gauges X
Physical properties involved for X
the different sensor type
Mechanical gauges Pressure reading techniques for X
diaphragm gauge
Bourdon gauge X
— Principles and behaviour X
— Influence of atmosphere X
Diaphragm gauge X
— Principles and behaviour X
— Influence of atmosphere X
Capacitance manometer gauge X
— Principles and behaviour X
— Influence of temperature X
Accuracy for the different X
sensors
U-tube manometers Principles and behaviour X
and McLeod gauges
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Pirani and Pressure reading techniques X

thermocouple Assembly criteria X
gauges
Principles and behaviour of X
different gases
Accuracy and adjustment for X
different gases
Cold and hot ion Pressure reading techniques X
gauges Assembly criteria X
Principles and behaviour of X
different gases
Accuracy and adjustment for X
different gases
Vacuum pumps Physical principle involved X
Types of pump for different X
vacuum ranges
Classification and selection of X
vacuum pumps
— Pump performance X
— Ultimate pressures X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Pressure ranges X
— Pumping speed X
— Discharge pressures X
Rotary and piston Physical principle involved X
pumps Performance X
Maintenance X
Gas ballast X
Pump-down times calculation X X
for different volumes

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  47

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Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Conductance influence X
Roots pump Physical principle involved X
Size evaluation X
Mounting X
Performance maintenance X
Pump-down times calculation X
for different volumes
— Conductance influence X
Diffusion pump Physical principle involved X
Size evaluation for different X
application
Size evaluation for the backing X
pump
Mounting X
Performance maintenance X
Turbomolecular Physical principle involved X
pump Performance X
Maintenance X
Size evaluation for different X
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application
Size evaluation for the backing X
pump
Mounting X
Valve Type of valves used for leak X
detection application
Maintenance X
Mounting X
Choice of valve for leak testing X
Performance X
Fittings Assembly criteria X
Maintenance X
Choice of right fittings for leak X
detection
Diameter and length calculation X
and influence
Project criteria X
Material Choice for different vacuum X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

ranges
— Metallic X
— Plastic X
— Glass X
— Oil X
— Grease X
10.5 Information about the Identification or designation X X X
Information prior test object material
to test — Object to be tested X X X
— Kind of manufacture X X X

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Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Catalogue of defects X X
— Extent of test coverage X X X
Test conditions Accessibility X X
and application of Infrastructure X
standard
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or service X
life when testing is to be car-
ried out
Standards assigned to the test X X
object
Requirements of test personnel X X
Acceptance criteria X
Technique and se- Surface condition X
quence of performing Surface preparation X
test
Post-test documentation X
Instructions Preparation of written X
procedure
Preparation of written X
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instruction
Performing inspection in accord- X
ance with written instruction
Documents X
Presentation of the standards, X
codes and procedures
10.6 Bubble testing prac- General requirements X
Testing tice and techniques — Gas X
— Pressure limits X
— Cleaning X
Test fluid X
— Test fluids for liquid immer- X
sion techniques (preparation
and use)
— Test fluids for liquid appli- X
cation techniques (preparation
and use)
— Selection of test fluids from X
the point of view of physical
properties
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Selection of techniques for X

different applications
— Pipe, nozzle, pad plate, X
compressor testing
— Vessel testing X
— Leakage quantitative eval- X
uation
Weather effects X
Lighting X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  49

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Immersion Physical principles involved X
technique Pressurization of test specimen X
Knowledge for creating X
pressure differential
Elevated temperature test fluid X
Vacuum box technique X
Liquid application Physical principles involved X
technique Pressurization of test specimen X
Vacuum technique for non-pres- X
surized objects
Pressure change General requirements X
techniques Pressure change method X
— Physical principles involved X
— Perfect gas law X
Pressure decay Temperature and pressure X
technique gauges
System setup X
Apparatus and test set-up X
Accuracy of equipment X X
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— Gauge adjustment accuracy X

— Accuracy of test calculations X
Choice of pressure and X
temperature
Effect of temperature change X
Effect of water vapour pressure X
Effect of barometric pressure X
change
Calculation of leakage rate X
Reference vessel technique X
Leakage rate calculation from X
the perfect gas law
Differential pressure transducer X
Reference vessel technique X
(fundamental)
Pressure rise Virtual leak X
technique — Effect of
— Pressure time relationship X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Evaluation X
System setup X
Adjustment X
Leakage rate calculation from X
the perfect gas law
Choice of vacuum gauges
Choice of system X
Accuracy test calculation X

50  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Bell pressure change General requirements X
technique Adjustment X
Air flow into the object X
Air flow out of the object X
Choice of gauge X
Calculation of leakage rate X X
Accuracy of test calculation X
Flow measurements General requirements X
technique Adjustment X
Air flow into the object X
Air flow out of the object X
Choice of gauge X
Calculation of leakage rate X X
Accuracy of test calculation X
Tracer gas practice Tracer gas method X X
and techniques Calculation of leakage rate X
Choice of tracer gas and suitable X
detector
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Selection criteria of the X

technique for different
applications
Mass spectrometers Fundamental principles, MSLD X
manufacturing aspect
— Magnetic or quadrupole X X
— Direct flow and contraflow X
— Pumping systems, electron- X
ic, heads, gauges, etc.
— Service X
— Adjustment leaks X
— Helium mixture X
Physical principles involved X
— e/m formula of mass X
— Mass spectra X
— Magnetic X
— Quadrupole X
— General and leak testing X
application
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

MSLD manufacturing aspect X

involved and working principles
Sensitivity capabilities for the X
different techniques
Adjustments X
Helium mixture and leak rate X
calculation
Maintenance issues X
Mass spectrometry X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  51

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Qualitative X
— Quantitative X
Halogen ion diode Fundamental principles involved X
Halogen detector leak testing X
equipment
Halogen detector X
Physical principles involved X
Sensitivity capabilities of the X
technique
Selection criteria of the tech- X
niques for different applications
Detector probe “sniffer” speed X
Halogen background X
Properties of refrigerant tracer X
gas
— Chemical composition X
— Molecular weight X
— Liquid-gas behaviour X
Adjustment of halogen leak X
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detectors
Halogen mixtures percentage X
Evaluation of test sensitivity X
Thermal conductivity Fundamental principles X
gauges Physical principles involved X
Sensitivity capabilities of the X
techniques with this detector
Pirani and thermocouple work- X
ing principles
Reactive tracers Physical principles involved X
Sensitivity capabilities of the X
technique
Radioactive gases X
Gas analysis apparatus Physical principles involved X
Sensitivity capabilities of the X
technique
Chromatography, etc. X
Tracer gas flows into All techniques X
the object — group A
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— General requirements X
techniques
— Initial set-up and procedure X
— Object preparation X
— Test sensitivity for different X
techniques
— Adjustment X

52  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Calculation of leakage rate X
Vacuum technique Total and partial X
Local (spraying) X
— Object surface preparation X
Tracer gas flows out of For all techniques X
the objects — group B — General requirements X
techniques
— Initial setup and procedure X
— Object preparation X
— Test sensitivity for different X
techniques
— Adjustment X
— Calculation of leakage rate X
Chemical detection — Physical principles involved X
with ammonia — Type of reagent X
— Reagent application X
— Post-test cleaning X
Vacuum box using
internal tracer gas
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Vacuum box applying

the tracer gas in the
opposite side
Pressure technique Object surface scanning X
by accumulation by Adjustment (when applicable) X
sniffing test
Fundamental on pres- Object preparation X
surization-evacuation Initial setup and procedure X
test (bombing)
Calculation of leakage rate X
Vacuum chamber
technique
10.7 Test data report filing X
Evaluation and Results analysis and X X
reporting evaluation on the
base of acceptability
criteria and applicable
proceeding
Leak test procedures Reference standards and other X X
compilation documents
Technique proceeding and mod- X
ule related to drafting
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

10.8 Analysis through X

Assessment alternative techniques
or methods
Acceptability criteria X
assessment in collab-
oration with project
engineer specialist
and manufacturing
managers

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  53

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 12 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Ergonomic analysis X
through alternative
techniques or methods
10.9 Personnel ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects qualification
Other NDT qualification and X
certification systems
Documentation Format and scope of working X
procedures
Qualification of NDT procedures X
Authorizations (NDT instruc- X
tion, procedures and personnel)
Developing written instructions X
Working correctly to written X
instructions
Traceability of documents X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Knowledge of Correct technique selection X
applicable NDT Use of correct test parameters X
application and
product standards NDT method selection X X
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Job specific training X X X

Equipment verification X X X
10.10 Special industrial X
Developments installation
New development for X
industrial and R&D

11 Acoustic emission testing (AT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The acoustic testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 13 and 14.

Table 13 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
General (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
11.1 Introduction to terminology and history of acoustic emission 1 1 2
testing (AT)
11.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 8 12 14
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

11.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its 11 12 12

derived techniques
11.4 Equipment 14 16 13
11.5 Information prior to testing 11 13 24
11.6 Testing 42 18 4

54  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 13 (continued)
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
General (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
11.7 Evaluation and reporting 11 15 8
11.8 Assessment 1 8 10
11.9 Quality aspects 1 2 5
11.10 Developments 0 3 8

NOTE For acoustic emission testing, training hours do not include pressure test safety training.

Table 14 — Acoustic emission testing (AT) — Levels 1,2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
11.1 History X X X
Introduction to ter- Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X
minology and history
of acoustic emission What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
testing (AT) At what stage of life is NDT X X X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
Main NDT methods X X X
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Purpose of acoustic Definition X X X

emission testing (AT) Applicability and limitations X X X
Relevant standards ISO 12716 X X X
11.2 Physical principles Relevant standards X
Physical principles and of acoustic emis- General principles X
associated knowledge sion testing sources
(mechanism in analo- Overview X
gy to earthquakes) Visual demonstration X
Frequency range X
Source characteristics X
Effect of dislocation X
Effect of stress on the waves X
Modes of fracture X
Characteristics of Transient emission X
Acoustic Emission Continuous emission X
testing
Amplitude X
Frequency range X
Effect of source dimension X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Effect of source velocity X

Source propagation X
Loading X
— Type of loading X
— Effect of repeated loading X
Kaiser effect X X
— Overview X
— In different materials X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  55

 ISO/TS 25107:2019(E) ONR


Table 14 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Acoustic emission testing X
during hold periods
Felicity effect X
Felicity ratio X
Sources of acoustic Metals X X X
emission testing Composites X X X
Other materials X X X
Dislocation X X X
Plastic deformation X X X
Inclusions X X X
Crack growth X X X
— Critical and sub-critical X X X
crack growth
— Fatigue crack X X X
— Ductile crack growth X X X
Corrosion X X X
— Stress corrosion cracking X X X
Crack surface friction X X X
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Leak X X X
Mechanical friction X X X
Loose parts X X X
Non detectable sources X X X
Others X
Wave propagation Types of elastic waves X
Longitudinal waves X
Transverse waves X
Rayleigh waves X
Lamb waves X
Wave parameters X
Wave motion and velocity X
Mode conversion X
Reflection and refraction X
Wave attenuation X
— Attenuation vs frequency X
Wave dispersion X
Diffraction X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Geometric effects X
Shadowing effects X
Anisotropic propagation X
Wave propagation in fluids X
Influence of fluids X
Source location One sensor location X
Linear location with delta-t X
Planar location with delta-t X

56  © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 14 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Continuous emission X
Algorithm details X
— Zone location (algorithm X
knowledge)
Thin-walled and thick-walled X
structures
Location uncertainty X
Three-dimensional location X
Guard sensors X
Cross-correlation X
Neighbourhood relations X
Accurate locations using X
analysis
11.3 Fields of application Outline of different structures X
Product knowledge of acoustic emission — Pressure equipment X
and related capability testing
of the method and — Storage tanks X
derived techniques — Pipelines and piping sys- X
tems
— Machines X
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— Other components X
Outline of different materials X
Leak detection X
Loading possibilities X
— Influences of loading X
Fundamentals of Creep X
material sciences and Welding X
basic knowledge of
mechanical properties Fracture mechanics X
Significant test for materials X
properties verification
Pressure equipment Normal test performance of X
pressure equipment
Advantages and disadvantages X
of Acoustic emission testing on
pressure equipment
Differences between acoustic X
emission testing and other
techniques
Product standards Outline of relevant standards X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

and codes associated with acoustic emis-

sion testing
Product standards, their X
influence on acoustic emission
testing
Directives for non-pressurized X
equipment
Relevant standards associated X
with acoustic emission testing

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Table 14 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
11.4 Sensors Piezoelectricity X
Equipment Construction X
Frequency response X
Wide-band and resonant X
sensors
Coupling and sensitivity X
Integral electronics X
Single ended/differential X
Connectors X
Cables X
Adjustment methods X
Sensor selection X
Ground-loop X
Temperature effects X
Acoustic impedance X
Wave guide X
Wave mode response X
aperture effect
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Reciprocity adjustment X
(ISO/TR 13115)
Special sensors X
Shielding X
Impedance matching X
Noise susceptibility X
Simulated AT sources X
Preamplifiers Single ended/differential X
Unit of gain (dB scale) X
Electronic noise X X
Filters X
— Filter types X
— Frequency filter selection X
Cable length effects X
Common mode rejection X
Signal saturation X
Input capacity X
Signal processing Acoustic emission testing X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

parameters (ISO 12716)

Energy (true, MARSE, X
alternative)
Continuous signal X
Transient signal X
Background noise X
ASL X
RMS X
Amplitude X

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Table 14 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Threshold X
Single- vs multi-channel system X
Acquisition rate X
Waveform digitization X
Waveform recording X
Digital vs analogous signal X
System parameter definition X
and selection
Distribution techniques X
Spectral analysis X
Cascaded hits X
Continuous mode measurement X
Industrial dedicated systems X
Source location Algorithm X X X
processing — Overview X
— Knowledge X
— Details X
— Selection X
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Linear location X
Zone location X
Hit-sequence location X
Planar location X
Three-dimensional location X
Location uncertainty X
Guard channels X
Wave mode influence X
Neighbourhood relations X
Cross-correlation technique X
Factors affecting errors on X
location
Advanced signal External parameters X
processing Distribution plots X
Correlation plots X
FFT X
Waveform feature extraction X
Timing considerations X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Pattern recognition X
Signal averaging X
Waveform recording for X
cross-correlation
Equipment Sensor verification in lab X
adjustments Sensor adjustment in lab X
Acoustic emission testing X
system verification in lab

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Table 14 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Acoustic emission testing X
system adjustment in lab
Applicable standards X
Different adjustment proce- X
dures
Fundamental of Knowledge and use of comput- X
informatics ers
Knowledge of software X
11.5 Information about the Identification or designation X X X
Information prior to test object material
test — Object to be tested X X X
— Kind of manufacture X X X
— Catalogue of defects X X
— Extent of test coverage X X X
Test conditions and Accessibility X X
application of Infrastructure X
standard
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or ser- X
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vice life when testing is to be

carried out
Standards assigned to the X X
test object
Requirements of test personnel X X
Acceptance criteria X
Technique and Surface condition X
sequence of Surface preparation X
performing test
Post-test documentation X
Instructions Preparation of written X
procedure
Preparation of written X
instruction
Performing inspection in X
accordance with written in-
struction
Documents X
Presentation of the standards, X
codes and procedures
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

11.6 Equipment set-up Sensor placement X

Testing Equipment verification X
Noise identification X
— Noise elimination X
Velocity and attenuation X
measurement
Location and simulated sources X
Noise elimination X
Factors affecting the selection X
of the test equipment

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Table 14 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Loading procedure and actions X
during the tests
Test performance Loading procedure X X
Actions during the tests X X
Data acquisition and Data acquisition X
data display during Significance of the plots for X
test data display (time-based, load-
based, location, correlation)
Comparison with the X
verification
Comparison with location of X
simulated source
Establishment of the accept- X
ance criteria
Selection of plots, correlation X
and distributions
On-line evaluation X
Necessary actions Stop criteria X
during the test Verification of on-line detected X
Acoustic emission testing
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sources by other NDT methods

Interpretation of the relation X
between the acoustic emission
testing source and the result of
the adjoining NDT method
11.7 Data display Time-based plots X
Evaluation and Load-based plots X
reporting
Parameter-based plots X
Location plots X
Distribution plots X
Correlation plots X
Acoustic emission testing X
source correlation
Advanced data display X
(pattern recognition)
Data interpretation Noise and other non-relevant X
identification
Acoustic emission testing X
behaviour vs applied load
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Post processing noise X

identification and filtering
Source activity X
Advanced filtering processes X
Data evaluation Source severity X
Source criticality X
Advanced evaluation processes X
Documentation and Documentation of the results X
reporting Report according to relevant X
standards

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Table 14 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
11.8 Product standards Implementation of the accept- X
Assessment and acceptance ance criteria into the testing
criteria instruction
Implementation of the accept- X
ance criteria into the testing
procedure
Interpretation of the ac- X
ceptance criteria in product
standards
Acoustic emission Outline for the source X
testing source evalua- validation
tion and test results Relations between acoustic X
emission testing and physical
sources
Interpretation of connection X
between acoustic emission
testing and physical sources
Sophisticated data treatment X
techniques
11.9 Personnel ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects qualification Other NDT qualification and X
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certification systems
Documentation Format and scope of working X
procedures
Qualification of NDT X
procedures
Authorizations (NDT X
instruction, procedures
and personnel)
Developing written instruction X
Working correctly to written X
instruction
Traceability of documents X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Knowledge of appli- Correct technique selection X
cable NDT applica- Use of correct test parameters X
tion and product
standards NDT method selection X X
Job specific training X X X
Equipment verification X X X
11.10 New developments New developments in the field X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Developments in acoustic emission of NDT (differences)

testing and associat-
ed NDT techniques

12 Visual testing (VT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The visual testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 15 and 16.

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Table 15 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
12.1 Introduction to terminology and history of Visual
3 4 8
testing (VT)
12.2 Physical principles of the method and associated
3 12 10
knowledge
12.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method
18 13 8
and its derived techniques
12.4 Equipment 12 8 8
12.5 Information prior to testing 3 8 21
12.6 Testing 12 12 5
12.7 Evaluation and reporting 37 19 10
12.8 Assessment 3 4 2
12.9 Quality aspects 6 12 22
12.10 Developments 3 8 6

Table 16 — Visual testing (VT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
12.1 History X X X
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Introduction to termi- Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X

nology and history of
visual testing (VT) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
At what stage of life is NDT
X X X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
Main NDT Methods X X X
Purpose of visual Definition X X X
testing (VT) Applicability and limitations X X X
Extended overview of Visual
X X
Testing applications
Use of visual testing as a com-
X X
plement to other NDT methods
Terminology X X X
12.2 Fundamentals Goals and principles of
X X
Physical principles and visual testing
associated knowledge Comprehensive knowledge
and understanding of the
X X X
physical principles and
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

physics of light
Optical performance X X
— Polarization of light X X
— Stroboscopic principles X X
— Dispersion X X
— Refraction and
X X
refractive index
— Reflection X X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  63

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Table 16 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Fluorescence X X
— Advantages and disadvan-
tages of different wavelengths
X X X
of optical radiation (UV, IR),
including colour temperature
Vision The eye X X
— Operation X X
— Construction X X
— Vision limitations X X
— Adaption and
X X
accommodation
— Disorders X X
— Vision ranges X X X
— Effects of disorders X X X
Lighting Transmission X X
Reflection X X
Absorption X X
Physics of light X X
Electromagnetic radiation X X
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Visible wavelengths X X
Types of light sources X X X
— Natural X X X
— Artificial — including laser X X X
LED light sources (advantages
and disadvantages)
— Different wavelengths of
X
optical radiation (UV, IR)
— Colour temperature X X
— LED light sources X X X
Photometry X X
Light levels X X
Light measurement X X
Luminance X X
— Lighting levels X X
— Lighting techniques X X
— Contrast X X
Optical principles Operation of lenses X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Operation of magnifiers X
Image construction X
Virtual images X
Chromatic aberration X
Geometric distortion X
Magnification principles X
Camera and photo Optical filters X
sensor operation Construction of digital images
and principles X
and problems

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 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 16 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Image processing X
Image analysis X
Image compression and
X
transmission
Image storage X
Resolution X
Video monitors X
Other monitors X
Light meters and photometers X
Principles of opera- Coherent X
tion of fibre bundles Incoherent
and lenses X
Photogrammetry X
Visual perception What the eye sees X
What the mind sees X
What others perceive X
What the designer, engineer,
X
etc., sees
Material attributes Colour X X
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affecting the test Surface condition X X

Surface preparation X X
Cleanliness X X
Shape X X
Size X X
Temperature X X
Texture X X
Type X X
Surface finish X X
Environmental and Atmosphere X
physiological factors Comfort X
Perspective X
Distance X
Accessing X
Fatigue X
Health X
Humidity X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Mental attitude X
Position X
Safety X
Temperature X
Cleanliness X
Direct and remote
X X
methods
Vision Requirements X X
Employer’s responsibility X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  65

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Table 16 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
12.3 Outline of basic flaws de-
Product knowledge tected with visual testing
X
and related capability as necessary to work in a
of the method and specific sector
derived techniques Evaluation of surfaces X
Test objects and flaws X X
Basic production and degra-
X X
dation process
Terms, origin and nature and
X X
appearance of flaws
Product technology sectors X X
Basic metallurgy of the
X X
process/component
Welding/joining methods X X
Cladding and buffering X X
— Wrought product produc-
X X
tion methods
— Cold working processes X X
— Heat treatment processes X X
Roughness and waviness X
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Definition of shape and

X
geometry of flaws
Material composition X X
— Surface finishing methods X X
— Basic foundry technology X X
— Machining and material
X X
removal processes
— Polymers/composites X X
In-service aspects X X
— Service induced flaws X X
— Mechanically X X
— Thermally X X
— Tribology X X
— Wear X X
— Chemical X X
— Electrochemical X X
Capability and limita- Overview/awareness X
tions of visual testing
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Detect ability X
— Flaw size X
— Shape X
— Orientation/position X
— Flaw types X
— Surface condition effects X
— Equipment limitations X
— Lighting effects X
Associated techniques Gauging X

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Table 16 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Comparators X
Measurement X
Thermographic imaging X
Replication X
12.4 Introduction and Mirrors X X X
Equipment applications Magnifiers X X X
Borescopes X X X
Fibrescopes X X X
Photographic and video Imaging cameras X X
Video monitors X X
Light sources and special
X X
lighting
Gauges X X
Templates X X
Scales X X
Special tools X
Automated systems X X
Computer-enhanced systems X X
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Demonstration test piece X X

Resolution targets X X X
Graticules X X
Effect on test arrangement X
Evaluation of equipment to
X
fulfil a particular task
Development of verification
X
for equipment performance
— Choice/design X
— Application of
X
demonstration test pieces
Image recording, Equipment selection X
transfer and storage Equipment limitations
equipment X
Verification of equipment X X
Procedure for control, main-
tenance and adjustment of X
equipment
Sizing of indications Imaging systems X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Special optical systems X

Special equipment require-
ments (i.e. underwater, radia- X X
tion resistant)
12.5 Information about the Identification or designation
Information prior to test object of material X X
test
— Object to be tested X X
— Kind of manufacture X X
— Catalogue of defects X X

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Table 16 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Extent of test coverage X X
Test conditions and Accessibility X X
application of standard Infrastructure X X
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or ser-
vice life when testing is to be X X
carried out
Standard and codes assigned
X X
to the test object
Requirements of test
X X
personnel
Acceptance criteria X X
Technique and se- Surface condition X
quence of performing Surface preparation
test X
The illumination (type, level
X
and direction)
Post-test documentation X
Visual testing equipment to
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X
be used
Demonstration test piece and
X
inspection checkpoints
Requirement for recorded
X
images
Instructions Preparation of written pro-
X
cedure
Preparation of written in-
X
struction
Performing inspection in
accordance with written X
instruction
Documents X X
Presentation of the stand-
X
ards, codes and procedures
12.6 Test set-up Demonstration test pieces X X
Testing Resolution targets X X
Adjustment X
Written instruction X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Written procedure X X
12.7 Reporting results Reference to test standards X X
Evaluation and Adjustment status X X
reporting
Reference points for location
X X
of indications
Classification of indications X X
— Instructed acceptance
X X
criteria
— Reports and
X X
documentation

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Table 16 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Reporting verification
X X
results
Control and monitoring Interpretation X X
of test results Evaluation X X
— Objective X X
— Subjective X X
Reporting of results to speci-
X X
fications and standards
Completion of adjustment
X X
forms
Developing report Organization of final forms
X
forms
Storage of final forms X
Distribution of final forms X
Investigation of suitable
codes and product standards X
for each application
Acting as a reference point for
level 2 advice for interpreta- X
tion and evaluation
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12.8 Classification and Acceptance criteria X X

Assessment assessment of — Codes X X
observations
— Standards X X
— Written instructions X X
— Level 3 reference where
X X
no codes or standards exist
— Design specifications X
By comparison X X
By measurement X
Automated evaluation
X
(e.g. pattern recognition)
Recording X
Reporting X
Analyse results X
Translation of codes, stand-
ards and design specifications
etc. into clear acceptance X
criteria to be written into
procedures and instructions
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Finding information or
assistance to investigate
observations not covered by X
codes, standards and develop
acceptance criteria
Training of Level 1 and 2 for
X
acceptance criteria
12.9 Personnel qualification ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects Other NDT qualification and
X
certification systems

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  69

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Table 16 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Documentation Format and scope of working
X
procedures
Qualification of NDT
X
procedures
Authorizations (NDT
instruction, procedures X
and personnel)
Developing written
X
instruction
Working correctly to written
X
instructions
Traceability of documents X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Knowledge of appli- Correct technique selection X X
cable NDT application Use of correct test parameters
and product standards X X
NDT method selection X
Job specific training X
Equipment verification X X X
12.10 Importance of inves-
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Developments tigating current and

developing technology X
and method of appli-
cation
Summary of latest
X
developments

13 Thermographic testing (TT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The thermographic testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 17 and 18.

Table 17 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
13.1 Introduction to terminology and history of
1 1 1
thermographic testing (TT)
13.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 12 12 23
13.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its
30 24 3
derived techniques
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

13.4 Equipment 15 9 13
113.5 Information prior to testing 1 11 13
13.6 Testing 30 26 18
13.7 Evaluation and reporting 10 7 11
13.8 Assessment 0 5 6
13.9 Quality aspects 1 4 7
13.10 Developments 0 1 5

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 ONR ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


Table 18 — Thermographic testing (TT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
13.1 History X X X
Introduction to Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X
terminology and
history of thermo- What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
graphic At what stage of life is NDT
testing (TT) X X X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
Main NDT methods X X X
Purpose of thermograph- Definition X X X
ic testing (TT) Applicability and limitations X X X
Terminology X X X
13.2 Heat transfer Heat/temperature/energy X X
Physical principles Thermodynamic law X X
and associated
knowledge Phase X X
— Solid X X
— Liquid X X
— Gas X X
Variations of temperature
X X
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scale
Heat conduction fundamentals X X
— Fourier’s law X X
Heat convection fundamentals X X
— Newton’s law of cooling X X
Heat radiation fundamentals X X
— Plank’s law X X
— Wien’s law X X
— Stefan-Boltzmann law X X
Evaporation X X
— Introduction X
— Fundamentals X
Infrared engineering Electromagnetic spectrum X
— Definition of infrared
X
range
Terminology X
Emissivity X
Reflectivity X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Transmissivity X
Absorptivity X
Black body/grey body X
— Selective radiator X
Kirchhoff’s law X
Cavity radiation effect X
Atmospheric window X
Thermal property of materials X

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Table 18 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Emissivity of materials X
Steady state/transient con-
X X X
dition
Thermal diffusivity X X
Thermal contact resistance X X
Theoretical temperature
X X
estimation/calculation
Absorption X X
— Atmospheric X X
— Various gas X
Lambert-Beer law X X
Methods for temperature
X X
measurement
— With or without contact
description of principle of X X
different sensors
Special emissivity of materials X
Photometry X
Geometrical optics X
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13.3 Principles of thermogra- Characteristic of thermogra-

X X
Product knowl- phy phy
edge and related Technique based on detection X X
capability of the
method and derived — Adiabatic temperature
field X X
techniques
— Delamination/crack X X
— Self-heating X X
— Cavity radiation
X X
effect
— Active method X X
— Passive method X X
— Qualitative thermography X X
— Quantitative thermogra-
X X
phy
Selection criteria of technique X X
Other temperature measure-
ment equipment and their X
measurement principles
Adjustment X X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Thermoelastic stress Thermoelastic effect X X

measuring method Principle of the method X X
Lock-in technique X
Temperature difference imag-
X
ing technique
Thermoelastic property of
X
materials
Stress resolution X
Load frequency range X

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Table 18 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Various flaws and their Electricity facilities/
X X
cause electronic device
Machinery X X
Plant facility X X
Buildings and structures X X
Materials X X
Design and construction of
new materials (CFRP, GFRP, X
sandwich structures, etc.)
Capability of method, POD X
Combination of methods
(different thermal loading de- X
vices, different NDT methods)
13.4 Thermographic Basic components and func-
X
Equipment instrument tions
Characteristic of sensors X
— Quantum type X
— Thermal type X
Factors affecting emissivity X
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Minimum detectable
X X
dimension (MDD)
— Spatial resolution X
— Distance X
Minimum detectable temper-
X X
ature difference (MDTD)
Minimum resolvable temper-
X X
ature difference (MRTD)
Field of view (FOV) X
Knowledge of Image process-
X
ing
— Colour palettes X
— Frame averaging X X
— Pixel correction X
Signal process flow in in-
X
struments
Mechanism and principle of
X
sensors
Selection criteria of sensors X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Bolometer X
— Thermocouple X
— Thermopile X
— Pyroelectric sensor X
Scanning method of sensors X
Measurement wavelength
X
band
— Short wavelength type X
— Long wavelength type X

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  73

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Table 18 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Selection criteria of measure-
X
ment wavelength band
Noise equivalent temperature
X
difference (NETD)
Number of pixels X
Exposure time X
Dynamic range X
Standard specimen X
Accessories Filters X
— Varieties and roles of
X
filters
— Selection criteria of filters X
Varieties and roles of optical
X
lens
— Selection criteria of
X
optical lens
— Optics X
— Close-up lenses X
— Immersion lenses X
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Varieties and roles of other

X
accessories
— Emissivity of black paint
X
and tape
— Selection criteria of
X
infrared mirror
— Sensor window materials X
— Selection criteria of
sensor window including X
anti-reflection coat
Dual band and dual colour
X
IR-cameras
Thermal loading device Varieties X
— Contact thermal loading X
— Radiation heating X
— Flash lamp heating/
X
step heating
— Electricity heating X
— Other thermal loading
X
devices
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Selection criteria of thermal

X
loading device
Thermoelastic stress
X
measuring method
Efficiency X
Uniformity X
Reproducibility X
Safety X

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Table 18 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
13.5 Information about the Identification or designation
X X X
Information prior test object material
to test — Object to be tested X X X
— Kind of manufacture X X X
— Catalogue of defects X X
— Extent of test coverage X X X
Test conditions and appli- Accessibility X X
cation of standard Infrastructure X
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or ser-
vice life when testing is to be X
carried out
Standards assigned to the
X X
test object
Requirements of test
X X
personnel
Acceptance criteria X
Technique and sequence Surface condition X
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of performing test Surface preparation X

Post-test documentation X
Instructions Preparation of written
X
procedure
Preparation of written
X
instruction
Performing inspection in
accordance with written X
instruction
Documents X
Presentation of the stand-
X
ards, codes and procedures
13.6 Test condition Environmental condition X
Testing Recognition of error factor X
Recognition and correction of X
— Atmospheric absorption X X
— Background radiation X X
Instructions for transparent
X
objects
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Automated testing in produc-

X
tion line scanner
Control and adjustment of
X
production process
FEM simulation for parame-
ter expansion, prediction of X
results and reconstruction
Operation of infrared Setting of emissivity X
instruments Knowledge of sensor
X
correction

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Table 18 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Understanding of spatial
X
resolution
Face angle dependence of
X
emissivity
— Setting of face angle X
Temperature dependence of
X
emissivity
— Selection of temperature
X
range
— Setting of temperature
X
span and level
Setting of frame time X
Instructions for infrared
X
mirror
Adjustment of focus X
Reference object X
Measurement of emissivity X X
Wavelength dependence of
X X
emissivity
Surface roughness depend-
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X X
ence of emissivity
Oxide film thickness depend-
X X
ence of emissivity
Emissivity of quasi-blackbody X X
Special cases Thermoelastic stress analy-
X
sis (TSA)
Testing of semi-transparent
X
materials
High temperature applications X
Measurements at high speed X
Gas detections X
Various flaws and their Electricity facilities X X
cause Electronic device X X
Machinery X X
Plant facility X X
Buildings and structures X X
Materials X X
13.7 Data processing Varieties and roles X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Evaluation and Thresholding X

reporting
Averaging X
Background subtraction X
Subtraction X
Lock-in X
Motion compensation X
Trend processing X
Selection criteria of data
X
processing flow

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Table 18 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Recording Requirements X X
Reporting Requirements X X
Characterization X
Interpretation of indications X
Evaluation of indications X
Use of complimentary Interpretation of relevant
X
NDT methods standards and codes
Evaluation (conventional ap-
X
proach, validated method
Distinction defect/artifact X
Acceptance criteria X
Level of significant variation X
Storage and recording process X
13.8 Evaluation and confirma- Application of acceptance X
Assessment tion of test reports — Criteria according to
standards, codes and proce- X
dures
— Acceptance and classifica-
X
tion criteria
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— Significance of disconti-
X
nuities
— With and without codes
X
and standards
13.9 Personnel qualification ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects Other NDT qualification and
X
certification systems
Documentation Format and scope of working
X
procedures
Qualification of NDT
X
procedures
Authorizations (NDT
instruction, procedures and X
personnel)
Developing written
X
instruction
Working correctly to written
X
instruction
Traceability of documents X X
Reliability of measurements X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Knowledge of applica- Correct technique selection X

ble NDT application and Use of correct test parameters X
product standards
NDT method selection X X
Job specific training X X X
Equipment verification X X X
13.10 General information X
Developments Newest developments Industrial applications X
Scientific applications X

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14 Strain gauge testing (ST) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The strain gauge testing training shall be in accordance with Tables 19 and 20.

Table 19 — General content

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Content (% of total (% of total (% of total
duration) duration) duration)
14.1 Introduction to terminology and history of strain gauge
6 2 2
testing (ST)
14.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 16 18 25
14.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its
12 17 18
derived techniques
14.4 Equipment 13 8 15
14.5 Information prior testing 22 15 5
14.6 Testing 16 13 15
14.7 Evaluation and reporting 13 17 5
14.8 Assessment 0 6 5
14.9 Quality aspect 2 4 5
14.10 Developments 0 0 5

Table 20 — Strain gauge testing (ST) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

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Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

14.1 History X X X
Introduction to Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X
terminology and
history of strain What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
gauge testing (ST) At what stage of life is NDT X X X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
Main NDT methods X X X
Purpose of strain gauge Definition X X X
testing (ST) Applicability and limitations X X X
14.2 Physical principles Load and deformation X
Physical principles Stresses and strains on sur- X X X
and associated face
knowledge
— Definitions X X
— Relationships X X
— Coordinate conversions X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Mohr’s stress and strain X

circles
— Stresses and strain on X
surface
— Principle stresses and X
strains

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Table 20 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
114.3 Product knowledge Materials testing X
Product knowledge Plane stress X
and related capabili-
ty of the method and Typical fields of stress and X
derived techniques strain
Stress and strain in pressure X
vessel
Thermal stain X
Dynamic strain X
Electrical circuit Fundamentals X X
— DC circuit X X
— AC circuit X
Strain gauge testing Characteristics X X X
Principles X X X
Structure X X X
14.4 Measurement system Static strain measurement X X
Equipment Dynamic strain measurement X X
Power supply for bridge X X
circuit
Strain gauges Various strain gauges X X
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Characteristics X X X
Properties X X
Categories X X
Gauge lead X
Applicable limit X X
Selection X
Bridge circuit X X X
— Principles X X X
— Wire connection X X X
— Equivalent strain X X
Strain meter and recorder X X X
— Static strain meter X X
— Dynamic strain meter X X
— Input connector X X
Recorder X X
— Categories X X
Response of measurement X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

system
Transducer Characteristics X X
Measurement principle X X
Various X X
14.5 Information about the Identification or designation X X
Information prior test object material
to test — Object to be tested X X
— Kind of manufacture X X
— Catalogue of defects X X

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Table 20 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Extent of test coverage X X
Test conditions and appli- Accessibility X X
cation of standard Infrastructure X
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or ser- X
vice life when testing is to be
carried out
Standards assigned to the X X
test object
Requirements of test person- X X
nel
Acceptance criteria X
Technique and Surface condition X
sequence of Surface preparation X
performing test
Correction of measured values X X
Correction of gauge factor X X
Correction including resist- X
ance of gauge lead
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Apparent strain caused by X

temperature change
— Self-temperature compen- X
sated strain gauge
Temperature compensation by X
using active-dummy method
Information of strain gauge X X
— Lead X X
— Gauge terminal X X
— Cement X X
— Confirmation after at- X X
tachment
Damp proofing X X
Testing errors and their X X
solutions
— Error due to attaching X
angle of strain gauge
— Incompatibility of bridge X
circuit balance
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Instability of measure- X
ment
— Noise X
Long-time measurement X
Post-test documentation X
Instructions Preparation of written X
procedure
Preparation of written X
instruction

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Table 20 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Performing inspection in X
accordance with written
instruction
Documents X
Presentation of the stand- X
ards, codes and procedures
14.6 Preparation Attachment of strain gauge X X
Testing — Preparation before at- X X
tachment
— Attachment X X
— Confirmation after at- X X
tachment
Preparation of measurement X
system
Damp proofing X X
Procedure of strain testing X X X
(static strain)
Measuring X X
— With transducer X X
— Adjustment of transducer X X
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— Measurement X X
Procedure of strain testing X X
(dynamic strain)
Connection of equipment X X
Strain gauge testing in Introduction X
specific conditions and Testing of large strain X
environments
Testing under low and high X
temperatures
Testing in water and at high X
pressure
Testing in magnetic and X
electrical fields
Testing for rotating X
components
Testing of impulsive strain X
Testing of residual strain X
14.7 Recording and reporting of X X
Evaluation and strain data
reporting Evaluation of strain data X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Correction of strain data X

Stress analysis from strain X X
data
Reporting results X X

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Table 20 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
14.8 Criteria for failure and X X
Assessment strength
— Allowable stress and X X
safety factor
— Fatigue X
— Fracture mechanics X
14.9 Personnel qualification ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects Other NDT qualification and X
certification systems
Documentation Format and scope of working X
procedures
Qualification of NDT X
procedures
Authorizations (NDT X
instruction, procedures
and personnel)
Developing written X X
instruction
Working correctly to written X X
instruction
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Traceability of documents X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Knowledge of applicable Correct technique selection X X
NDT application and Use of correct test parameters X X
product standards
NDT method selection X X
Job specific training X X X
Equipment verification X X X
14.10 Other strain testing Principles and characteristics X
Developments methods Optical method X
Infrared method X
X-ray stress measuring X
method
Magnetic method X
Ultrasonic method X
Coating method X

15 Developing techniques
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

The intent of this clause is to provide recommendations on training pertaining to developing techniques.
It is recommended that this training has a minimum prerequisite of Level 2 certification in the main
method associated with this emerging technology (see Tables 21 to 23).

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Table 21 — Ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (UT-TOFD) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
15.1.1 History X X X
Introduction to terminolo- Introduction to Overview X X X
gy and history of ultrason- ultrasonic time-of-
ic time-of-flight diffraction flight diffraction
(UT-TOFD) X X X
technique
15.1.2 Mathematical and Basics of sound beam X
Physical principles and physical basics Waves X
associated knowledge
— Sinusoidal movement X
— Amplitude X
— Frequency X
— Wavelength X
— Propagation velocity X
— Longitudinal waves X
— Transverse waves X
Principle of wave-diffraction X
Sound-field of UT-TOFD probes X
Visualization of UT-TOFD
X
images
Probe centre separation (PCS) X
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15.1.3 Various defects Defects related to the manu-

X
Product knowledge and related to the facturing processes (welding)
related capability of the manufacturing Implementation of UT-TOFD
method and derived tech- processes and technique according to prod-
niques service-induced ucts and to expected disconti- X
defects elated to nuities (weld defects)
the defined sectors
Overall properties Influence of surface conditions X
of specimen Geometry X
Attenuation X
Reference reflectors (SDH),
X
notch)
15.1.4 Test instrument UT-TOFD instrument X
Equipment and combined UT-TOFD probes X
equipment
Adaption of probes to curved
X
scanning surfaces
Encoders and scanning
X
mechanisms
Different types of scanners X
Reference blocks X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Different reference blocks X

15.1.5 Items to be defined Purpose X
Information prior to test by specification Extent of UT-TOFD testing X
Information required by the
X
operator
Written test instruction or
X
procedure
15.1.6 Setting of test range and
X
Testing sensitivity

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Table 21 (continued)

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Setup of probes X
— Scan increment setting X
— Geometry considerations X
— Preparation of scanning
X
surfaces
— Couplant and coupling
X
techniques
Range and sensitivity settings X
— Time window X
— Time-to-depth conversion X
— Sensitivity settings X
— Checking of settings X
Reference blocks X
— Material X
— Dimensions X
— Shape X
— Reference reflectors, SDH
X
and notch
Interpretation and analysis of
X
UT-TOFD images
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— Assessing the quality of

X
the UT-TOFD image
— Identification and classi-
fication of relevant UT-TOFD X
indications
— Determination of location
X
and size
15.1.7 Evaluation according to ac-
X
Evaluation and reporting ceptance criteria
Test report X
— Information relating to
X
the test object
— Equipment X
— Test technique X
— Test results X
Storage of data-files X
Generation of reports X
Near surface and opposite
X
surface resolution
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Defect location and length

X
measurement
15.1.8 Evaluation and confirmation
X
Assessment of test reports
Application of the acceptance
criteria according to stand- X
ards, codes and procedures
Offline evaluation using PC
X
software

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Table 21 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
15.1.9 Personnel qualifi- ISO 9712 X
Quality aspects cation Other NDT qualification and
X
certification systems
15.1.10 Not applicable
Developments

Table 22 — Ultrasonic phased array testing (UT-PA) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
15.2.1 History
Introduction to terminol- Introduction to Overview X
ogy and history of phased ultrasonic phased
array testing (UT-PA) Applicability and limitations
array testing
Difference between conven-
tional and ultrasonic phased
array techniques
15.2.2 Mathematical and Basics of sound beam X
Physical principles and physical basics Waves X
associated knowledge
— Sinusoidal movement X
— Amplitude X
— Frequency X
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— Wavelength X
— Propagation velocity X
— Longitudinal waves X
— Transverse waves X
Terms relating to sound X
— Side lobes X
— Grating lobes X
— Artifacts spelling X
Terms relating to arrays X
— Active aperture X
— Elementary aperture X
— Primary axis of an array X
— Secondary axis of an array X
Influence of band width X
Electronical beam steering
X
and focusing of sound beams
15.2.3 Defects related to Welding X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Product knowledge and the manufacturing Forgings X

related capability of the processes
method and derived tech- Castings
X
niques
Implementation of
ultrasonic phased
array techniques
X
according to prod-
ucts and to expect-
ed discontinuities

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved  85

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Table 22 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Overall properties Influence of surface conditions
of specimen Geometry
Attenuation
Reference reflectors
— Backwall
— Side drilled holes
— Flat bottom holes
15.2.4 Test Instrument Phased array instrument X
Equipment and combined Multi-channel instrument X
equipment
Transmitting delay X
Receiving delay X
Delay laws X
Amplitude balancing X
Multi group capability X
Number of focal laws X
Phased array Linear array X
probes Annular array X
Annular sectorial array X
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Acoustic properties of
wedge materials that affect X
phased arrays
Encircling array X
1,5D array X
Linear array with separate
X
transmitters and receivers
Multi group capa- Number of focal laws
X
bilities
Encoders Different types of scanners X
Couplant and cou-
X
pling techniques
Adjustment blocks Block No. 1 according to
X
ISO 2400
Block No. 2 according to
X
ISO 7963
Reference block according to
X
ISO 13588
Different reference blocks X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

15.2.5 Applied standards Content X

Information prior to test for UT — and Requirements for procedures X
ultrasonic phased
array testing Developing of test procedures X
15.2.6 Techniques Linear scanning with 0 deg
X
Testing (forgings and castings)
Linear scanning with con-
X
stant angle (welding)
Sectorial scanning (welding,
X
forging)
Multigroup scanning X

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Table 22 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Range setting X
— Single point adjustment X
— Two point adjustment X
Sensitivity setting X
— Angle corrected gain
X
(ACG)
— Reference reflectors
X
(BW, SDH, FBH)
— Single reflector technique
X
(reference height)
— Requirements for refer-
X
ence blocks
— DAC-method X
— TCG-method X
— DGS-method X
Typical applications of phased
X
array techniques
15.2.7 Evaluation of DGS-method X
Evaluation and reporting indications DAC-method X
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TCG-method X
Distinction between defect
X
and geometry echo
Location of defects X
Interpretation and evaluation
X
of indications
Sizing of defects X
A-, E-, S-, B- and C-Scan inter-
X
pretation
Reporting Recording X
Classifying of results accord-
X
ing to written procedure
Storage of data-files X
Generation of reports X
15.2.8 Evaluation and confirmation
X
Assessment of test reports
Application of the acceptance
criteria according to stand- X
ards, codes and procedures
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

15.2.9 Personnel qualifi- ISO 9712 X

Quality aspects cation Other NDT qualification and
X
certification systems
15.2.10 Not applicable
Developments

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Table 23 — Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFL) — Levels 1, 2 and 3

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
15.3.1 Purpose of NDT What is testing? X
Introduction to terminolo- What is the purpose of NDT? X
gy and history of magnetic
flux leakage testing (MFL) At what stage of life is NDT X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X
Who may carry out NDT? X
Main NDT methods X
Purpose of mag- Definition X
netic flux leakage Applicability and limitations X
testing (MFL)
15.3.2 Magnetic fields Basic principles of testing X
Physical principles and Magnetic field characteristics X
associated knowledge
Flux line characteristics X
Flux leakage theory X X X
Forster and other theories X
Finite element methods X
Factors that affect flux leak- X
age fields
— Degree of magnetization X
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— Defect geometry X
— Defect location X
— Defect orientation X
— Distance between adja- X
cent defects
Magnetism by Principles of electricity X
means of electric Field around a conductor X
current
Right-hand rule X
Field in ferromagnetic con- X
ductors
Indirect magnetization X
— Longitudinal fields X
— Transverse fields X
Magnetization variables X
— Current type (AC vs DC) X X
— Hysteresis curve X
— Permeability X
— Factors affecting perme- X X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

ability
15.3.3 Factors affecting Test conditions X
Product knowledge and choice of sensing Magnetization character- X
related capability of the elements istics for various magnetic
method and derived tech- materials
niques
Magnetization by means of X
electric fields
— Circular field X
— Longitudinal field X

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Table 23 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Value of flux density X
Magnetization by means of X
permanent magnets
— Permanent magnet rela- X
tionship and theory
— Permanent magnet mate- X
rials
Selection of proper magneti- X X
zation method
— Type of part X
— Type of discontinuity X
— Speed of inspection X
— Location of discontinuity X
— Applications other than X
discontinuity detections
Applications Flaw detection X
Sorting for properties related X
to permeability
Measurement of magnet- X
ic-characteristic values
Tank floor and side inspection X
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Wire rope inspection X

Tube inspection X
Intelligent pigs X
Bar inspection X
15.3.4 Detectors Advantages/limitations X
Equipment Search coils Rate of change in the normal X X
component of flux leakage
Faraday’s law X X
Factors that affect the out- X X
put voltage
Advantages/limitations X
Hall effect search Principles X X
units Factor that affect the output X X
voltage
Instrument design Read out selection X
— Monitor displays X
— Strip-chart recorder X
— Alarms X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

— Sorting gates X
— Automation X
— Computerized data ac- X
quisition
— Other X
Amplification X
Filtering X
Sensor configuration X

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Table 23 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
15.3.5 Information about Identification or designation
Information prior to test the test object material
— Object to be tested X X
— Kind of manufacture X
— Catalogue of defects X
— Extent of test coverage X X
Application standard X
Application of specifications X
Stage of manufacture or ser- X
vice life when testing is to be
carried out
Application of operating X
procedures
Technique and Surface condition X X
sequence of per- Surface preparation X X
forming test
Post-test documentation X X
Presentation of the stand- X X
ards, codes and procedures
Preparing written instruction X
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Preparing written procedure X

15.3.6 Performing inspection to a X
Testing written instruction
Supervision of testing per- X X
sonnel
Parameters Surface or subsurface flaw X
detection
Magnetization
— Equipment X X
— Current type X X
— Type X X
Control of magnetization X
conditions
— Values of the magnetizing X
parameters
— Continuous vs residual X
method
— Permeability X
— Saturation X
02dfc347-a2f2-5416-e053-3a0da8c06714

Technique X X
— Correct use X X
— Selection X X
— Magnetic field strength X
— Orientation X
Signal-to-noise X X
— Definition X
— Relationship to flux X
leakage testing

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Table 23 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
— Methods of improving X
signal-to-noise ratio
— Noise suppression X
Response speed X
Skin effect X
Coupling X X
— Lift off X X
— Fill factor X
Signal processing considera- X X X
tions
— Rectification X X
— Amplification X X
— Filtering X X X
Readout mechanism X X
— Displays X X
— Strip-chart recorder X X
— Computerized data ac- X X
quisition
Recording of discontinuities X
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Reporting X
Interpretation of indications X
Treatment of com- Residual field X X
ponents — Condition requiring de- X X
magnetization
— Level of residual X X
— Influence on later use of X X
material
Demagnetization X X X
— Basic principles X
— Minimal value of the mag- X
netic field of demagnetization
principles
15.3.7 Inspection Adjustment of test units X
Evaluation and reporting conditions Batch test report X X X
Test report Basics of evaluation X X
Report of imperfections X X
15.3.8 Assessment of Relevant and non-relevant X
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Assessment discontinuities Influence of manufacture X X

Influence of material X X
Characterization X X
15.3.9 Personnel ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects qualification Other NDT qualification and X X X
certification systems

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Table 23 (continued)
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Documentation Format and scope of working X
procedures
Qualification of NDT X
procedures
Authorizations (NDT in- X
struction, procedures and
personnel)
Written instruction X X
Traceability of documents X
Reliability of measurements X
Knowledge of ap- Correct technique selection X X
plicable NDT appli- Use of correct test parameters X
cation and product
standards NDT method selection X
Job specific training X X
Equipment verification X X X
15.3.10 Not applicable
Developments
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Annex A
(informative)

Alternative training hours for advanced radiographic techniques

Table A.1 — Trainings times for RT‐training (in hours)

Required Level 1 Level 2 Level 3c
Technique
certificate hours hours hours
80 + RT-F1 40 + RT-F1,2
None 40
traininga,c traininga,b
RT‐F Film RT-D 1 32 80 40
RT-D 2,3 32 40 32
RT-D 2,3 — 60c,d 32
80 + RT-D1 40 + RT-D1,2
None 40
traininga,c traininga,b
RT‐D Digital RT-F1 32 80 40
RT-F 2,3 32 40 32
RT-F 2,3, RT-S 2,3 — 60c,d 32
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32 + RT-S1 32 + RT-S1,2
None 32
training traininga,b
RT‐S Radioscopy
RT-F 2,3 32 32
RT-D 2,3 32 32
Key
RT:   radiographic testing method
RT-F:   for film technique
RT-D:   for digital technique (film replacement)
RT-S:   for radioscopic technique
a Level 1 training not required if additional technical qualification can be proven (e.g. university).
b Additional basic training and examination by ISO 9712 required and practical examination in level 2.
c Direct access, only if additional technical qualification can be proven (e.g. university).
d Direct access, only if certified in level 2 or level 3.

NOTE ISO/TS 25108 provides requirements and recommendations for organizations providing training for
non-destructive testing.

Enough clean examination test samples need to be available. This includes test samples of different
product sectors, step wedges, shielding materials, etc.
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If only one type of hardware is available for RT-D training, as DDA- or CR-systems for example, the
training with one or both systems may be substituted by a virtual training with PC-based software
modelling.
The virtual training software should have the following functionality:
— Input of different test objects (different material/geometry);
— Selection and positioning of image quality indicators (ISO 19232, ASTM E 1025, E 1742);
— Radiation sources: U/kV, I/mA, spectrum, source size, different gamma sources;

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— Exposure geometry: distances, radiation angles;

— Detectors: DDA, CR, film basic spatial resolution, pixel size, photon noise, detector noise, efficiency;
— Attenuation law and build up factor;
— Data format: Input CAD files (e.g. *.stl), output 16-bit image data in TIFF, DICONDE or RAW. It is
important that data be compatible with the used viewing software;
— Image processing software in accordance with ISO 17636-2:2013, 7.9.
Additionally, the following accessories should be available:
— Different sets of IQIs (ISO 19232) for the used materials.
— Several test samples relevant for the product sector.
— Materials for masking and collimation.
— Pre-filters with different thickness of different materials.
— Step wedges of different materials suitable for generation of exposure graphs.
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Annex B
(informative)

Useful references

B.1 Radiographic testing

B.1.1 ISO standards

ISO 3999 ISO 5579 ISO 5580 ISO 10675-1 ISO 10675-2

ISO 11699-1 ISO 11699-2 ISO 14096-1 ISO 14096-2 ISO 15708-1

ISO 15708-2 ISO 16371-1 ISO 16526-1 ISO 16526-2 ISO 16526-3

ISO 17635 ISO 17636-1 ISO 17636-2 ISO 19232-1 ISO 19232-2

ISO 19232-3 ISO 19232-4 ISO 19232-5 ISO 5576 ISO 15708-3
ISO 15708-4 ISO 20769-1 ISO 20769-2
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B.1.2 European standards

EN 12543-1 EN 12543-2 EN 12543-3 EN 12543-4 EN 12543-5

EN 12679 EN 12681 EN 13068-1 EN 13068-2 EN 13068-3

EN 16016-1 EN 16016-2 EN 16016-3 EN 16016-4

B.1.3 ASTM standards

ASTM E94 ASTM E155 ASTM E186 ASTM E192 ASTM E242

ASTM E272 ASTM E280 ASTM E310 ASTM E390 ASTM E446

ASTM E505 ASTM E689 ASTM E747 ASTM E802 ASTM E1000

ASTM E1025 ASTM E1030 ASTM E1032 ASTM E1114 ASTM E1165

ASTM E1255 ASTM E1316 ASTM E1320 ASTM E1411 ASTM E1416

ASTM E1441 ASTM E1570 ASTM E1648 ASTM E1647 ASTM E1672
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ASTM E1695 ASTM E1734 ASTM E1742/ ASTM E1814 ASTM E1815
E1742M

ASTM E1935 ASTM E1936 ASTM E2002 ASTM E2007 ASTM E2033

ASTM E2422 ASTM E2445 ASTM E2446 ASTM E2597/ ASTM E2660
E2597M

ASTM E2663 ASTM E2669 ASTM E2698 ASTM E2699 ASTM E2736

ASTM E2737 ASTM E2738 ASTM E2767 ASTM E2903

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B.1.4 ASME standards

ASME BPVC Section V, Article 2 ASME BPVC Section V, Article 1

B.2 Ultrasonic testing

B.2.1 ISO standards

ISO 2400 ISO 7963 ISO 13588 ISO 16809 ISO 16810

ISO 16811 ISO 16823 ISO 16826 ISO 16827 ISO 16828

ISO 17640 ISO 10863 ISO 18175 ISO 18563-1 ISO 18563-2

ISO 18563-3 ISO 5577 ISO 10375 ISO 16831

B.2.2 European standards

EN 12668-1 EN 12668-2 EN 12668-3

B.3 Eddy Current testing

ISO 15548-1 ISO 15548-2 ISO 15548-3 ISO 15549

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ISO 17643

B.4 Penetrant testing

ISO 3057 ISO 3058 ISO 3059 ISO 3452-1 ISO 3452-2

ISO 3452-3 ISO 3452-4 ISO 3452-5 ISO 3452-6 ISO 23277
ISO 12706 CEN/TR 16638 CEN/TR 17108 CEN/TS 17100

B.5 Magnetic testing

B.5.1 ISO standards

ISO 3058 ISO 3059 ISO 9934-1 ISO 9934-2 ISO 9934-3

ISO 10893-3 ISO 11960 ISO 17638 ISO 12707

B.5.2 European standards

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EN 1369 EN 10228-1

B.5.3 ASTM standards

ASTM E570 ASTM E1571

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B.6 Leak testing

B.6.1 ISO standards
ISO 3530 ISO 20484 ISO 20485 ISO 20486

B.6.2 European standards

EN 1779 EN 13184 EN 13625

B.7 Acoustic Emission testing

B.7.1 ISO standards
ISO 12713 ISO 18249 ISO/TR 13115 ISO 18081 ISO 12714
ISO 12716

B.7.2 European standards

EN 13477-1 EN 13477-2 EN 13554
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B.8 Visual testing

B.8.1 ISO standards

ISO 3057 ISO 3058 ISO 5817 ISO 6520-1 ISO 8785

ISO 10042 ISO 17637

B.8.2 European standards

EN 1330-10 EN 1370 EN 1559 EN 10163-1 EN 10163-2

EN 10163-3 EN 13018 EN 13445-5 EN 13480-5 EN 13927

B.8.3 Codes
ASME Code KTA Code

B.9 General
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ISO/TS 25108

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ICS 19.100
Price based on 97 pages

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ISO/TS 25107:2019(E)


ONR
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ONR
 What is an ONR?

An ONR is a specification adopted and published in accordance with the Internal regu-
lations of Austrian Standards International. It documents the state of a new or rapidly
changing development as further practical experience should be gained for a possible
later standardization. In this regard, an ONR and the process associated with it creates
and strengthens confidence in innovative solutions with market partners. Further-
more, the ONR offers the opportunity to pave the way for innovative solutions towards
market readiness in the form of a future standard..

An ONR serves the purpose

∎ of making innovative knowledge documented in comparable European and interna-

tional publications accessible to the interested parties in Austria through national
implementation, and

∎ of exchanging, discussing and creating innovative knowledge with relevant market

participants via open innovation process, and of rapidly making it available to all
market partners for application and also for the preparation of the next phase in the
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innovation process.
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Contact

Customer Service
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