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 3D Geometry Test Solutions
𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧+1
Q1. The length of the perpendicular form (1, 0, 2) on the line 3
= −2
= −1
is

3 6
(A) 2
units

6 3
(B) 5
units

(C) 3 2 units

(D) 2 3 units
Solution:
Direction rations of 𝑃𝑅 → 3λ − 2, − 2λ + 2, − λ − 3
Direction ratios of the line 𝑄𝑅 → 3, − 2, − 1
Since they are perpendicular

3(3λ − 2) − 2(− 2λ + 2) − 1(− λ − 3) = 0

9λ − 6 + 4λ − 4 + λ + 3 = 0
14λ = 7
1 2 3 2
λ=
1
2
𝑅→ ( 1
2
, 1, −
3
2 )𝑃𝑅 = (1 − ) 2
2
+ (0 − 1) + 2 + ( 2 ) =
1
4
+
4
4
+
49
4
=
54
4
=
3 6
2
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡

Q2. If the line joining the origin and the point (-2,1,2) makes angle θ1, θ2𝑎𝑛𝑑θ3with the
positive direction of the coordinate axes, then the value of is
cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 θ1 + cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 θ2 + cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 θ3

(A) -1
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) -2
Solution:
Direction ratios of line = (-2, 1, 2)

Direction cosine’s = ( −2
3
,
1
3
,
2
3 )
−2 1 2
cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ = 3
, cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ2 = 3
, cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ3 = 3

cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 θ1 + cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 θ2 + cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 θ3

=2[θ1 + θ2 + θ3 ] − 3
 3D Geometry Test Solutions
4 1 4
= 2⎡ 9 + + ⎤ − 3 =− 1
⎣ 9 9 ⎦
Q3. The distance of point A(-2, 3, 1) from the line PQ through P(-3, 5, 2), which make equal
angles with the axes is

(A) 2 3
14
(B) 3

16
(C)
3

5
(D)
3

Solution:
Here α = β = γ

Since Cos2 α + cos2β + cos2 γ = 1, cos α = 1/ 3

DC’s PQ are ( 1
3
,
1
3
,
1
3 )

PM = Projection of AP on PQ

| 1 1 1 | 2
= |(− 2 + 3) + (3 − 5) + (1 − 2) |=
| 3 3 3 | 3

2 2 2
𝐴𝑃 = (− 2 + 3) + (3 − 5) + (1 − 2) = 6
2 2 4 14
𝐴𝑀 = () − () = 6− 3
= 3

𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
Q4. The image of the point (1,6,3) in the line 1
= 2
= 3
is

(A) (1, 0, 7)
(B) (3, -2, 3)
(C) (3, -1, 1)
 3D Geometry Test Solutions
(D) (-3, 0, 1)
Solution:
Let P = (1,6,3) and 𝑄(λ, 1 + 2λ, 2 + 3λ) be two points on the line so that
→
𝑃𝑄 = (λ − 1, 2λ − 5, 3λ − 1)

→
Now 𝑃𝑄 is perpendicular to the given line.
(λ − 1, 2λ − 5, 3λ − 1). (1, 2, 3) = 0
⇒ (λ − 1) + 2(2λ − 5) + 3(3λ − 1) = 0
⇒ 14λ = 14
⇒λ = 1
Therefore, the foot of the perpendicular from P onto the line is Q (1, 3, 5).
'
If 𝑃 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) is the image of P in the given line,
'
Then Q(1, 3, 5) must be the midpoint of 𝑃𝑃 .
𝑥+1 𝑦+6 𝑧+3
Hence, we get 2
= 1, 2
= 3, 2
=5
'
Therefore, 𝑃 = (1, 0, 7).

Q5. A perpendicular is drawn from the point A(1, 8, 4) to the line joining the points
B(0, -1, 3) and C(2, -3, -1). The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular is

(A) ( 5
3
,
2
3
,
19
3 )
 3D Geometry Test Solutions
(B) ( −5
3
,
2
3
,
19
3 )
(C) ( )
5 −2 19
3
, 3
, 3

(D) ( )
5 2 −19
3
, 3
, 3

Solution:

𝑥 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
Equation of line BC is: 2
= −2
= −4
= 𝑡(𝑠𝑎𝑦)

Any point D on the line can be taken as: (2t, -2t-1, -4t+3)
→
Now, 𝐷𝐴= (1-2t, 9+2t, 1+4t)
For foot of perpendicular, DA (2i - 2j - 4k) = 0
⟹ 2-4t – 18 – 4t – 4 – 16t = 0
5
⟹t=- 6

−5 2 19
Hence, we have D = ( 3
, 3
, 3
)

Q6. Find the equation of the line passing through A (0, 1, 2) and perpendicular to line
𝑥−1 𝑦+1 𝑧−1
2
= 2
= 3
.
𝑥−0 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
(A) 27
= −24
= 5

𝑥−0 𝑦−1 𝑧−2

(B) 27
= −24
= −2

𝑥−0 𝑦−1 𝑧−2

(C) 27
= −24
= 4

𝑥−0 𝑦−1 𝑧−2

(D) 27
= −24
= −4

Solution:
 3D Geometry Test Solutions

𝑥−1 𝑦+1 𝑧−1

2
= 2
= 3
= 𝑟 (𝑠𝑎𝑦)

∴ B (2r+1, 2r-1, 3r+1)

DR of AB : 〈2𝑟 + 1, 2𝑟 − 2, 3𝑟 − 1〉
2 (2r+1) + 2(2r-2) + 3(3r-1) = 0
5
r= 17

27 −24 −2
DR of AB → 〈 17
, 17
, 17
〉

〈27, − 24, − 2〉
Equation of the required line is
𝑥−0 𝑦−1 𝑦−2
27
= −24
= −2
→ ^ ^ ^
Q7. Find the shortest distance between the lines given by 𝑟 = 8𝑖 − 9𝑗 + 10𝑘 +
^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
λ(3𝑖 − 16𝑗 + 7𝑘) and 𝑟 = 15𝑖 + 29𝑗 + 5𝑘 + μ(3𝑖 + 8𝑗 − 5𝑘).
(A) 6
(B) 14
(C) 196
(D) 49
Solution:
Shortest distance between two lines is given by
| (𝑏→1×𝑏→2).(𝑎→2−𝑎→1) |
= || → →
|
|
| |𝑏1×𝑏2| |
→ → ^ ^ ^
𝑏1 × 𝑏2 = 24𝑖 + 36𝑗 + 72𝑘
→ →
⇒ |𝑏1 × 𝑏2| = 84
→ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
𝑟 = 8𝑖 − 9𝑗 + 10𝑘 + λ(3𝑖 − 16𝑗 + 7𝑘)
 3D Geometry Test Solutions
→ ^ ^ ^→ ^ ^ ^
⇒ 𝑎1 = 8𝑖 − 9𝑗 + 10𝑘𝑏 1 = (3𝑖 − 16𝑗 + 7𝑘)........ ()
→ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Also 𝑟 = 15𝑖 + 29𝑗 + 5𝑘 + μ(3𝑖 + 8𝑗 − 5𝑘)
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
𝑎2 = 15𝑖 + 29𝑗 + 5𝑘𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏2 = (3𝑖 + 8𝑗 − 5𝑘)...... ()
→ → ^ ^ ^
Now, 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = (15 − 8) 𝑖 + (29 + 9) 𝑗 + (5 − 10) 𝑘
^ ^ ^
= (7𝑖 + 38𝑗 − 5𝑘)
∴Shortest distance
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| (24𝑖+36𝑗+72𝑘).(7𝑖+38𝑗−5𝑘) |
=| |
| 84 |
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| (2𝑖+3𝑗+6𝑘).=(7𝑖+38𝑗−5𝑘) |
=| |
| 7 |
14+114−30
= || 7
| = 14
|
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−4 𝑦−1 𝑧
Q8. Two lines 2
= 3
= 4
and 5
= 2
= 1
intersect at a point P. If the distance
of P from the point Q(2, 3, 6) is λ units, then the value of λ lies in the interval
(A) (7, 8)
(B) (8, 9)
(C) (9, 10)
(D) (10, 11)
Solution:
Point P must lies on both the given lines,
From 1st line coordinate of point
𝑃(2λ + 1, 3λ + 2, 4λ + 3)
This must satisfy 2nd line
2λ−3 3λ+1 4λ+3
i.e. 5
= 2
= 1

⇒ 4λ − 6 = 15λ + 5 ⇒ λ =− 1
So, coordinates of point P are (-1, -1, -1)
Given point Q(2,3,6)
2 2 2
𝑃𝑄 = (2 + 1) + (3 + 1) + (6 + 1)
 3D Geometry Test Solutions
𝑃𝑄 = 74 ∈ (8, 9)

Q9. If a vector has direction cosines ( 1

2
, 𝑚,
1
2 )and makes an obtuse angle θ with the y-axis is
equal to
(A) π /4
(B) 3 π /2
(C) 3 π /4
(D) π /6
Solution:
The direction cosine (𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛) of any
2 2 2
direction is 𝑓 + 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 1
1 2 1
Here, 4
+𝑚 + 4
= 1
2 1 +1
𝑚 = 2
;𝑚 =
2

1
Since, the vector makes an obtuse angle θ with the y-axis, cos θ = − = 𝑚 and
2

cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ = cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (3 π/4 ) , θ = 3π/4

Q10. The point on the line
𝑥−2 𝑦+3 𝑧+5
1
= −2
= −2
at a distance of 6 from the point (2, -3, -5) is

(A) (3, -5, -3)

(B) (4, -7, -9)
(C) (0, 2, -1)
(D) (-3, 5, 3)
Solution:
1 2 2
Direction cosines of the given line are 3
,− 3
,− 3

Hence, the equation of line is

𝑥−2 𝑦+3 𝑧+5
1/3
= −2/3
= −2/3
=𝑟

Therefore, any point on the line is

 3D Geometry Test Solutions
(2 + 𝑟
3
,− 3 −
2𝑟
3
,− 5 −
2𝑟
3 ),
where 𝑟 − ±6.
∴ Points are (4, -7, -9) and (0, 1, -1)
Q11. Let a 𝑏∈𝑅. If the mirror image of the point P (a,6,9) with respect to the line
𝑥−3 𝑦−2 𝑧−1
7
= 5
= −9
is (20, b, -a-9), then |𝑎 + 𝑏| is equal to_______.

Solution:
P(a, 6, 9),
𝑥−3 𝑦−2 𝑧−1
7
= 5
= −9

Q(20, b, -a-9),
𝑎+20 𝑏+6 𝑎
Mid point of PQ = ( 2
, 2
,− 2
)

Lies on line
20+𝑎 𝑏+6 𝑎
2
−3 2
−2 − 2 −1
7
= 5
= −9

𝑎+14 𝑏+2 𝑎+2

14
= 10
= 18

𝑎+14 𝑎+2
14
= 18

18a + 252 = 14a + 28

4a = -224
a = -56
𝑏+2 𝑎+2
10
= 18

𝑏+2 −54
10
= 18

𝑏+2
10
=− 3 ⇒ 𝑏 =− 32

|a + b| = |-56 - 32| = 88
𝑥−1 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥+1 𝑦 𝑧−3
Q12. If the S.D between the lines 1
= −1
= 2
and 2
= 2
= λ
be unity the λ must
be equal to 20± µ then the integer µ must be equal to_______.
Solution:
The vector form of the lines are
 3D Geometry Test Solutions
→ ^ ^ ^ ^
𝑟 = 𝑖 + λ(𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘) and
→ ^ ^ ^ ^
𝑟 =− 𝑖 + 3𝑘 + μ(2𝑖 + 2𝑗 + λ)
| (𝑎→1−𝑎→2).(𝑏→1×𝑏→2 |
Now S.D = || → →
|
|
| 𝑏 1
×𝑏 2 |
→ → ^ ^
𝑎1 − 𝑎2 = 2𝑖 − 3𝑘
→ → ^ ^ ^
𝑏1 − 𝑏2 = |𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 1 − 1 2 2 2 λ | = (− λ − 4) 𝑖 + (4 − λ) 𝑗 + 4𝑖
→ → → →
( )( )
𝑎1 − 𝑎2 . 𝑏1 − 𝑏2 = (− 2λ − 8) − 12 ⇒ − 2λ − 20

−2λ−20
⇒ 𝑆. 𝐷 = 2 2
= 1[𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛]
(−λ−4) +(4−λ) +16

2
⇒ λ + 40λ + 176 = 0

⇒ λ =− 20 ± 224; ⇒ μ = 224
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
( ) (
Q13. Let A 2𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 5𝑘 , 𝐵 − 𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 2𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝐶 λ𝑖 + 5𝑗 + μ𝑘 are vertices of a triangle ) ( )
and its median through A is equally inclined to the positive directions of the axes. The value of
2λ − µ is equal to: ________.
Solution:
λ−1 ^ ^ μ+2 ^
P.V. of D = 2
𝑖+ 4𝑗 + 2
𝑘
λ−4 µ−8
D.R. of AD = 2
, 1, 2

1 1 1
But d.r’s of AD should be , , .
3 3 3

λ−4 µ−8
⇒ 2
= 1 = 2

λ = 6, μ = 10 2λ − μ = 2
 3D Geometry Test Solutions
Q14. The perpendicular bisector of a line segment with endpoints (1,2,6) and (-3,6,2) passes
𝑥+6 𝑦−2 𝑧−4
through (-6,2,4) and has the equation of the form 𝑙 = 𝑚 = 𝑛 (where 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛 are
integers, 𝑙 is a prime number 𝑙>0), then the value of (𝑙 + 𝑚 + 𝑛) equal to ____________ .
Solution:

Midpoint of the line segment is ( 1−3

1
,
2+6
2
,
6+2
2 ) = (− 1, 4, 4)
Parallel vector to the required line=
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(− 1 + 6) 𝑖 + (4 − 2)𝑗 + (4 − 4)𝑘 = 5𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 0𝑘
Hence, equation of the line is
𝑥+6 𝑦−2 𝑧−4
5
= 2
= 0
⇒ 𝑙 = 5, 𝑚 = 2, 𝑛 = 0

(𝑙 + 𝑚 + 𝑛 ) = 7
Q15. If A(1,1,1), C(2,-1,2), the vector equation of the line
→ → ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ →
( ) (
𝐴𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑟 = 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘 + 𝑡 6𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 2𝑘 and d is the shortest distance of the point C from 𝐴𝐵
2
)
then 𝑑 is equal to ____.
Solution:

→ ^ ^ ^
𝑎 = 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘;
→ → ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Vector equation of 𝐴𝐵 is 𝑟 = 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘 + 𝑡 6𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 2𝑘 ( ) ( )
→ ^ ^ ^
(
∴𝐴𝐵 = 𝑚 6𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 2𝑘 for some scalar m )
→ → → ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
→
d = |( →) | = 𝑟 = |(
𝑐−𝑎 ×𝐴𝐵 𝑖−2𝑗+𝑘)×𝑚(6𝑖−3𝑗+2𝑘)|
^ ^ ^
|𝐴𝐵| |(6𝑖+3𝑗+2𝑘)|
|−𝑖+4𝑗+9𝑘| 98
𝑑= |(6𝑖−3𝑗+2𝑘)|
= 7
= 2.
2
𝑑 = 2