DIGITAL BROADCASTING
Implementation of new services
and their position in Multimedia
World
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
OUTLINE
• Scope of the lecture
• Why digital
• Specifics of Broadcasting
• Transition from Analogue to Digital
• Broadcasting and Multimedia
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Scope of the lecture
• Overview of the scene
• Case demonstration
• European perspective
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Why digital
• Because it is Digital!
– Sharing technology with IT industry
– Improvement in quality
– Spectrum efficiency
– New services possible
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Specifics of Broadcasting
• Biggest user base in radiocommunications
• Political importance
• Inherent inertia
• Backward compatibility aspects
– AM to FM
– B&W to Color
– Terrestrial vs. Satellite
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Terrestrial broadcasting
• Multipath propagation
• Inefficient frequency reuse
• COFDM modulation
– Limits multipath degradation
– Single frequency networks
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Multipath propagation
Analogue reception is impaired
by phase difference of signals
Reflection
from an
obstacle
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Multipath propagation
Digital receivers use
both signals constructively
Reflection
from an
obstacle
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Synchronized transmitters
Digital receivers use
both signals constructively
Synchronized
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Multiple frequency networks
Separation required
Gapfillers require
additional spectrum
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Single frequency networks
Limited distance
Gapfillers operate on
same frequency
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
T-DAB
• Eureka 147 system with 1.5 MHz blocks
– VHF: Core in 230 - 240 MHz
– L-Band: Part of 1452 - 1492 MHz
– 4 to 5 CD-Quality or up to 8 quality channels in
one frequency block
• Wiesbaden 1995 CEPT Plan
– Slow take off
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Allotment Plan Concept
• Generic networks in real areas
• Compatibility assessment based on reuse
distance
• Administrative agreements to correct
irregularities
• Conversions from allotments to assignments
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Wiesbaden process
• Identification of spectrum resources
• Establishment of planning criteria
• Collection of requirements both for T-DAB
and protection of other services
• Wiesbaden Planning Meeting 1995
• Maintenance of Plan
• Conversion of allotments
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Wiesbaden results
• 700 allotments
• Over 6000 other services considered
• 3000 administrative agreements reached
during the planning, about 300 effective
• Plan maintainable both procedurally and
technically
• DACAN Software
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
DVB-T
• 8 MHz channel raster identical with
analogue TV
• Chester 1997 – procedures for transition
from analogue to digital
• Geneva 2004 – All digital Plan to replace
Stockholm 1961 Plan
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Chester principles
• Rigid planning vs. uncoordinated development
• Level playing field for early adopters and
delayed implementers
• Reasonable preservation of Stockholm rights
• Virtually all systems in Europe are interference
limited
• Reference situation based on test points
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Reference situation
• Reliable database of transmitters
• 36 test points for each transmitter
• Over 80000 transmitters
• Collection of data, validation, disputed
cases
• Use of reference situation
• COCOT Software
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
ITU Conference
• Preparatory conference 2004
• Second part in 2005 or 2006
• Conclusion of Chester process
• Combined Allotment/Assignment approach
is most likely
• European Broadcasting Area and possibly
other countries
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Case demonstration
• Multimedia via Satellite
• Coexistence of Broadcasting and IP
technologies
• Merits of satellite technology
• Unidirectional IP Platform
• Bi-directional solution: BBI
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Service Diversification:
Unidirectional Multimedia IP Platform
ASTRA-NET IP/DVB Platform: Main Functions
Package Delivery
Streaming Services
IP/DVB card,
set-top box or
USB device
Satellite Internet Terrestrial return
Unidirectional Multimedia IP
Package delivery and Streaming services
IP Protocol
PUSH
or
PULL
Operations
Center …Send a full CD of content with one transmission of
under 15 minutes to thousands of receive sites.
Unidirectional Multimedia IP
Internet
Satellite Internet
IP Protocol
PULL
Requests
Operations
Center
Example: T-DSL via Satellite
Digital
Television
PCI Card
Sat Receiver
Task bar in Windows desktop
Button to activate USB Box
T-DSL via Satellite Sat Receiver
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
New generation of digital set-top boxes
Two independent tuners, MHP 1.1 compliance
Large hard-disc which allows for storage of both
DVB and IP content (no tapes needed)
Record one channel while storing the other in HD
Record and watch one same channel
simultaneously
ICTP 11.02.-01.03.02 Digital Broadcasting
Broadband Interactive System (BBI)
Satellite Interactive Terminal (SIT)
Type Dish Transmission Power Reception
SIT II 75- 90 cm 384 kbit/s > 45 dBW 38 Mbit/s
SIT III 95-130 cm 2,048 kbit/s > 50 dBW 38 Mbit/s
Reception in Ku-band, transmission in Ka-band
Transmit up to 2Mbps in 16kbps increments,
with complete systems costing ~3500 USD in 2002
Bi-directional B2B rollout
Broadband Interactive System (BBI)
Up to
38 Mbps
144-2048 Kbps
Ku Band Ka Band: return channel
ASTRA 1H launched June 1999.
ASTRA 1K scheduled mid-2002.
BBI complements terrestrial infrastructure
Broadband Interactive System (BBI) Coverage
ASTRA shared payload Ka-band coverage
ASTRA 1K
ASTRA 1H
Broadband Interactive System (BBI):
Satellite’s competitive positioning
Solves the terrestrial bottleneck:
Higher speed
Last-mile availability
Cable/ADSL are only partial solutions:
Fragmented European coverage
Long implementation timelines
ADSL-like functionality with value added:
Available anywhere within beam coverage
Broadcast/multicast in the same platform
Open-standards DVB/IP platform for service providers:
Immediate implementation
Independence from local telephone operator
Broadband technical solutions
Broadband technical solutions
Transmit
/receive Symmetry Coverage Services
2 Mbps / 38 Continental -
Satellite Mbps Asym-Sym Global
TV / Data
500 Kbps / Local - TV / Data /
DSL 8 Mbps Asym-Sym Regional Voice
Cable 500 Kbps / Asym Local - TV / Data /
40 Mbps Regional Voice
Optical Fiber 1-10 Mbps / Sym Local TV / Data /
100 Mbps Voice
LMDS 1Mbps / Asym Local TV / Data /
40 Mbps Voice
3G 400 Kbps / Sym Continental Data / Voice /
2 Mbps ? Videostreams
