INTERFACE PYTHON WITH MYSQL Basically the process of transfer data between python programs and MySQL database is known as Python Database Connectivity. There few steps you have to follow to perform Python Database Connectivity. These steps are as follow: 1, Import the required packages 2. Establish a connection 3 4. Process as per the requirements Import the required packages To perform the Python MySQL. Database Connectivity you need to install mysql-connector-python package using pip command. pip install mysql connector python After installation just write the import statement to import the package in python code. import mysql.connector as msql importing package mysql connector in python Here I have instantiated msq] to mysql.conneetor which can be work as an alias name for the connector. Establish connection To establish a connection you need to ereate a connection object in Python, Take a variable as a connection object and use connect() funetion with MySQL database specification like host name, username, passoword or passwd and database itself. For example en. Observe the code: import mysql.connector as msql cn=msql.connect(host='localhost’user'root' passwd='root'database—'Studentdb’) Please ensure that you have provided appropriate username, password and database name available in your MySQL interface. After doing this, check for the errors if any. If your program runs without errors that means connection is established. Although you can use is_connected() function to check whether the connection is established or not! Observe this code: import mysql.comnector as msqlen=msql.connect(host='localhost’user='root' passwd='root’ database='Student’) if on.is_connected(): print(’Connection Established") else: print("Connection Errors! Kindly check!!!") Execute Sl command and fetch rows The next step after the successful connection is to write SQL command and fetch rows. The SQL commands are used to perform DML operations and fetch rows read data from table. So we will see them in detail later. You have to create a cursor object for executing SQL command and fetch rows. Cursor object is a special kind of structure that processes the data row by row in database, You can create cursor object in the following manner. cur=en.cursor() Performing DML operations (insert, update and delete) To perform the DML operations like insert, update or delete follow these steps: 1, Create a cursor object 2. Write command as parameters for exeeute() function 3. Use commit() function to save the changes and reflect the data in the table. insert command Observe the following code: import mysql.connector as msql en=msql.connect(host=!localhost’ user root’ passw cur-cn,cursor() cur.execute("insert into students values(1111,'Asmita’,78.5 cn.commit() ‘MySQL @123',database='Studentdb’) ,'B1')) update command import mysql.connector as msql en=msql.connect(host~'localhost’userroot’ passwd~MySQLG@ cur=cn.cursor() cur.execute("update students set marks=80.5 where rollno=1111") cn.commit() 123',database~'Studentdb') deletecommand import mysql.connector as msql cn=msql.connect(host='localhost' user=root’ passwd: cur=en,cursor() latabase='Studentdb’)cur.execute("delete from students where rolino=11 11") en.commit() Select Command ‘As you know the select command is used retrieve records from the database. The result is available in the resultset or dataset. You can store the select the command in cursor object in python, Then for resultset you can use the feteh...Q function. These are: 1. fetchallQ: It will retrieve all data from a database table in form of record or tuple or a row. 2, fetchone(): It will retrieve one record from the resultset as a tuple or a list. It returns the records in a specific order like first record, the next time next record and so on. If records are not available then it will return None. fetchmany(n): It will retrieve a number of records from the database. If records are not available then it will return an empty tuple. 4, rowcount: It is one of the properties of cursor object that return number of rows fetched from the cursor object. Observe the below-given code for fetchall() funetion: import mysql.connector as msql cn=msql.connect(host='localhost' user'root' passwd="MySQL@ 123',database='Studentdb’) cur=en,cursor() cur.execute("select * from students") d=cursor.fetchall() forr in d: print(r) Observe the below-given code for fetchmany(n) function: import mysql.connector as msql en=msql.connect(host~"localhost’,user~'root’,passwd="MySQL@ 123' database-'Studentdb’) cur=cn.cursor() cur.execute("select * from students") %s" %(80,)) d-cur.fetchall() forrin d: print(r) Adisplay records having BI grade cur.execute("select * from students where grade="%s" %('BI')) ur-fetchall() forr in d: print(r) with f) format pattern In this pattern you can write {} where the value is placed followed by .format(values). Consider the following code: import mysql.connector as msql import time cn=msql.connect(host='localhost’,user='root' passwd=!MySQL@ 123'databas studentdb’)cur=en.cursor() cur.execute("select * from students where marks >{}" .format(80)) sur-fetchall() for ind: print(r) curexecute("select * from students where grade={}".format(’B1')) d-cur.fetehallQ) for ind: print(r) Close the connection Finally, you have to close the established connect using close) function, It will help to clean up the memory. Observe the following code: con.close()