VELLAMAL VIDYALAYA

MEL AYANAMBAKKAM

QUESTION BANK – LIGHT – REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

MCQ:

1. Focal length of plane mirror is

a. At infinity
b. Zero
c. Negative
d. None of these
2. Image formed by plane mirror is
a. Real and erect
b. Real and inverted
c. Virtual and erect
d. Virtual and inverted
3. A concave mirror gives real, inverted and same size image if the object is placed
a. At F
b. At infinity
c. At C
d. Beyond C
4. Power of the lens is -40, its focal length is
a. 4m
b. -40m
c. -0.25m
d. -25m
5. A concave mirror gives virtual, erect and enlarged image of the object is
a. At infinity
b. Between F and C
c. Between P and F
d. At E
10. The radius of curvature of a mirror is 20cm the focal length is
a. 20cm
b. 10cm
c. 40cm
d. 5cm
11. When a plane mirror is rotated through a certain angle, the reflected ray turns through twice as much and the size of the image:
(a) is doubled
(b) is halved
(c) becomes infinite
(d) remains same
12. If an object is placed symmetrically between two plane mirrors, inclined at angle of 72 degree, then total no. of images formed:
(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) infinite
13. Which statement is true for the reflection of light?
(a) The angle of incidence and reflection are equal.
(b) The reflected light is less bright than the incident light.
(c) The sum of angle of incidence and reflection is always greater than 90 . 0

(d) The beams of incident light after reflection diverge at unequal angles.
14.The image shows the path of incident rays to a concave mirror.
15.Where would the reflected rays meet for the image formation to take place?
(a) Behind the mirror
(b) Between F and O
(c) Between C and F
(d) beyond C
16. A beam of light incident on a plane mirror forms a real image on reflection. The incident beam is :
(a) Parallel
(b) Convergent
(c) Divergent
(d) Not certain
17. An object is placed at a distance of 40cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 20cm.
The image produced is:
(a) Virtual and inverted
(b) Real and erect
(c) Real, inverted and of the opposite size as that of the object
(d) Real, inverted and of the same size as that of the object

18. Image formed by a convex spherical mirror is:

(a) Virtual
(b) Real
(c) Enlarged
(d) Inverted
19.A student studies that a convex lens always forms a virtual image irrespective of its position. What causes the convex mirror to always
form a virtual image?
(a) Because the reflected ray never intersects
(b) Because the reflected ray converges at a single point
(c) Because the incident ray traces its path back along the principal axis
(d) Because the incident ray of a convex mirror gets absorbed in the mirror
20.A 10 mm long awl pin is placed vertically in front pin is formed at 30cm in front of the mirror. The focal length of this mirror is:
(a) -30cm
(b) -20cm
(c) -40cm
(d) -60cm
21. Magnification produced by a rear view mirror fitted in vehicles:
(a) Is less than one
(b) Is more than one
(c) is equal to one
(d) Can be more than or less than one depending upon the position of the object in front of it
22.A student conducts an activity using a concave mirror with focal length of 10 cm. He placed the object 15 cm from the mirror.
Where is the image likely to form?
(a) at 6 cm behind the mirror
(b) At 30 cm behind the mirror
(c) At 6 cm in front of the mirror
(d) At 30 cm in front of the mirror
23. The image of an object placed in front of a convex mirror is formed at
(a) The object itself
(b) Twice the distance of the object in front of the mirror
(c) Half the distance of the object in front of the mirror
(d) behind the mirror
24. A full length of image of a distant tall building can definitely be seen using:
(a) a concave mirror
(b) a convex mirror
(c) a plane mirror
(d) both concave as well as plane mirror
25. A student conducts an activity using a flask of height 15 cm and a concave mirror. He finds that the image formed is 45 cm in
height. What is the magnification of the image?
(a) -3 times
(b) -1/ 3 times
(c) 1/ 3 times
(d) 3 times
26.Which of the following can make a parallel beam of light from a point source incident on it?
(a) concave mirror as well as convex lens
(b) convex mirror as well as concave lens
(c) two plane mirrors placed at 90degree to each other
(d) concave mirror as well as concave lens

27.Rays from Sun converge at a point 15 cm in front of a concave mirror. Where should an object be placed so that size of its
image is equal to the size of the object?
(a) 15 cm in front of the mirror
(b) 30 cm in front of the mirror
(c) between 15 cm and and 30 cm in front of the mirror
(d) more than 30 cm in front of the mirror

28.A full length image of a distant tall building can definitely be seen by using
(a) a concave mirror
(b) a convex mirror
(c) a plane mirror
(d) both concave as well as plane mirror

29.In torches, search lights and headlights of vehicles the bulb is placed
(a) between the pole and the focus of the reflector
(b) very near to the focus of the reflector
(c) between the focus and centre of curvature of the reflector
(d) at the centre of curvature of the reflector

30. The laws of reflection hold good for

(a) plane mirror only
(b) concave mirror only
(c) convex mirror only
(d) all mirrors irrespective of their shape

31.A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She finds the image of her head bigger, the middle portion of her body of the
same size and that of the legs smaller. The following is the order of combinations for the magic mirror from the top.
(a) Plane, convex and concave
(b) Convex, concave and plane
(c) Concave, plane and convex
(d) Convex, plane and concave

32.In which of the following, the image of an object placed at infinity will be highly diminished and point sized?
(a) Concave mirror only
(b) Convex mirror only
(c) Convex lens only
(d) Concave mirror, convex mirror, concave lens and convex lens

33.A student used a device (X) to obtain/focus the image of a well illuminated distant building on a screen (S) as shown
alongside in the diagram. Select the correct statement about the device (X).

(a) This device is a concave lens of focal length 8 cm.

(b) This device is a convex mirror of focal length 8 cm.
(c) This device is a convex lens of focal length 4 cm.
(d) This device is a convex lens of focal length 8 cm.

34.A student obtains a sharp image of the distant window (W) of the school laboratory on the screen (S) using the given
concave mirror (M) to determine its focal length. Which of the following distances should he measure to get the focal length of
the mirror?
(a) MW
(b) MS
(c) SW
(d) MW- WS

35.The mirror having reflection surface curved outward

(a) plane mirror
(b) concave mirror
(c) convex mirror
(d) cylindrical mirror

36.The mirror having reflecting surface curved inwards

(a) plane mirror
(b) convex mirror
(c) cylindrical mirror
(d) concave mirror

37.The mirror used as rear-view mirror in vehicles

(a) convex mirror
(b) plane mirror
(c) cylindrical mirror
(d) concave mirror

38.The image which is formed behind the mirror

(a) real image
(b) virtual image
(c) blue image
(d) partial image

II.Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate
option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Q.1. Assertion(A) : The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It lies outside its reflecting surface.
Reason (R) : The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a sphere. This sphere has a centre. (a)

Q.2. Assertion (A) : A ray passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror after reflection, is reflected back along the same path.
Reason (R) : The incident rays fall on the mirror along the normal to the reflecting surface.(a)

Q.3. Assertion (A) : Light does not travel in the same direction in all the media.
Reason (R) : The speed of light does not change as it enters from one transparent medium to another.(c)
Q.4. Assertion(A) : The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray.
Reason (R) : The extent of bending of the ray of light at the opposite parallel faces (air- glass interface and glass-air interface) of the
rectangular glass slab is equal and opposite.(a)

Q.5. Assertion(A) : A ray of light travelling from a rarer medium to a denser medium slows down and bends away from the normal. When it
travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it speeds up and bends towards the normal.
Reason (R) : The speed of light is higher in a rarer medium than a denser medium.(d)

Q.6. Assertion(A): The mirrors used in search lights are concave spherical.
Reason (R) : In concave spherical mirror the image formed is always virtual.(c)

Q.7. Assertion(A) : Light travels faster in glass than in air.

Reason (R) : Glass is denser than air.(d)

Q.8. Assertion(A) : For observing traffic at back, the driver mirror is convex mirror.
Reason (R) : A convex mirror has much larger field of view than a plane mirror.(a)

Q.9. Assertion(A) : Mirror formula can be applied to a plane mirror.

Reason (R) : A plane mirror is a spherical mirror of infinite focal length.(a)

Q.10. Assertion(A) : It is not possible to see a virtual image by eye.

Reason (R): The rays that seem to emanate from a virtual image do not in fact emanates from the image.(d)

Q.11. Assertion(A) : When the object moves with a velocity 2 m/s, its image in the plane mirror moves with a velocity of 4 m/s.
Reason (R) : The image formed by a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.(a)

Q.12. Assertion(A) : The height of an object is always considered positive.

Reason (R) : An object is always placed above the principal axis in this upward direction.(a)

Q.13. Assertion(A) : Concave mirrors are used as make-up mirrors.

Reason (R) : When the face is held within the focus of a concave mirror, then a diminished image of the face is seen in the concave mirror.
(c)

Q.14. Assertion(A) : Refractive index has no units.

Reason (R) : The refractive index is a ratio of two similar quantities.(a)

Q.15. Assertion(A) : The formula connecting u, v and f for a spherical mirror is valid in all situations for all spherical mirrors for all
positions of the object.
Reason (R) : Laws of reflection are strictly valid for plane surfaces.(c)

Q.16. Assertion(A): A person cannot see his image in a concave mirror, unless, he is standing beyond the center of curvature of the mirror.
Reason (R) : In a concave mirror, image formed is real provided the object is situated beyond its focus.(b)

Q.17. Assertion(A): Virtual images are always erect.

Reason (R) : Virtual images are formed by diverging lenses only.(a)

LOTS

1. State the two laws of reflection of light.

2. List the characteristics of image formed in a plane mirror.
3. Differentiate concave and convex mirror.
4. Draw the following diagram in which a ray of light is incident on a concave/convex mirror, on your answer sheet. Show
the path of this ray, after reflection, in each case.

5. Mention the types of mirrors used as (i) rear view mirrors, (ii) shaving mirrors. List two reasons to justify your answer in
each case.
6. A student wants to obtain an erect image of a candle flame using a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. What should be
the range of distance of the candle flame from the mirror?
State the nature and size of the image he is likely to observe. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this
case.
7. (a) Define the following terms in the context of spherical mirrors:
(i) Pole
(ii) Centre of curvature
(iii) Principal axis
(iv) Principal focus
8. Draw ray diagrams to show the principal focus of a
(i) Concave mirror (ii) Convex mirror
9. With the help of a ray diagram explain why a convex mirror is preferred for rear view mirrors in the motor cars.
10. An object is placed between infinity and the pole of a convex mirror. Draw a ray diagram and also state the position, the
relative size and the nature of the image formed.
11. Find the nature and focal length of a spherical mirror whose radius of curvature is +24 cm.
12. List the sign conventions for reflection of light by spherical mirrors.
13. Name the type of mirror used in the following situations
(i) Headlights of a car
(ii) Rear-view mirror of vehicle
(iii) Solar furnace
Support your answer with reason.
14. “The magnification produced by a spherical mirror is -3”. List all information you obtain from this statement about the
mirror/ image.
15. The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?

NUMERICALS AND RAY DIAGRAMS - MOTS

1. If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always erect and diminished,
what type of mirror is it? Draw a labelled ray diagram to support your answer.
2. The linear magnification produced by a spherical mirror is -1. Analyzing this value state the (i) type of mirror and (ii)
position of the object with respect to the pole of the mirror. Draw any diagram to justify your answer.

3. The linear magnification produced by a spherical mirror is -1/5. Analyzing this value state the (i) type of spherical mirror
and (ii) the position of the object with respect to the pole of the mirror. Draw ray diagram to justify your answer.

4. Draw ray diagrams for the following cases when a ray of light:
(i) passing through Centre of curvature of a concave mirror is incident on it.
(ii) Parallel to principal axis is incident on convex mirror.
(iii) Is passing through focus of a concave mirror incident on it.

5. To construct a ray diagram we use two rays of light which are so chosen that it is easy to determine their directions after
reflection from the mirror. Choose these two rays and state the path of these rays after reflection from a concave mirror.
Use these two rays to find the nature and position of the image of an object placed at a distance of 15 cm from a concave
mirror of focal length 10 cm.
6. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray in each of the following cases. A ray of light incident on a
convex mirror :
(a) strikes at its pole making an angle 00 from the principal axis.
(b) Is directed towards its principle focus.
(c) Is parallel to its principal axis.
7. A student has a concave mirror of 20 cm focal length and he wants to see an erect image of his face in the mirror. What
should be the range of distance of the mirror from his face? State the nature and size of the image he is likely to observe.
Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.
8. Calculate the magnification of the image of an object placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave mirror of
focal length 15 cm. The object is at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror.
 9. An object 4.0 cm in size, is placed 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm.
(i) At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image?
(ii) Find the size of the image.
(iii) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
10. Consider the following diagram in which M is a mirror and P is an object and Q is its magnified image formed by the
mirror.

State the type of the mirror M and one characteristic property of the image Q.
11. Suppose you want to observe an erect image of a candle flame using a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm. State the
range of distance of the candle flame from the mirror. List two other characteristics of the observed image. Draw a ray
diagram to show the formation of image in this case.

NUMERICALS AND RAY DIAGRAMS - HOTS

1. A concave mirror is used for image formation for different positions of an object. What inferences can be drawn about the
following when an object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from the pole of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm?
(a) Position of the image
(b) Size of the image
(c) Nature of the image
Draw a labelled ray diagram to justify your inferences.
2. A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a 4 cm tall object be placed so that it
forms an image at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror? Also calculate the size of the image formed.
3. The image of a candle flame placed at a distance of 30 cm from a mirror is formed on a screen placed in front of the mirror
at a distance of 60 cm from its pole. What is the nature of the mirror? Find its focal length. If the height of the flame is 2.4
cm, find the height of its image. State whether the image formed is erect or inverted.
4. An object 4 cm in height, is placed at 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. At what distance from the
mirror should a screen be placed to obtain a sharp image of the object. Calculate the height of the image.
5. The image of an object formed by a mirror is real, inverted and is of magnification -1. If the image is at a distance of 40 cm
from the mirror, where is the object placed? Where would the image be if the object is moved 20 cm towards the mirror?
State reason and also draw ray diagram for the new position of the object to justify your answer.
6. The image formed by a spherical mirror is real, inverted and its magnification is -2. If the image is at a distance of 30 cm
from the mirror, where is the object placed? Find the focal length of the mirror. List two characteristics of the image formed if
the object is moved 10 cm towards the mirror.

7. A spherical mirror produces an image of magnification -1 on a screen placed at a distance of 50 cm from the mirror.
(a) Write the type of mirror.
(b) Find the distance of the image from the object.
(c) What is the focal length of the mirror?
(d) Draw the ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
8. A spherical mirror produces an image of magnification -1 on a screen placed at a distance of 40 cm from the mirror.
(i) Write type of mirror.
(ii) What is the nature of the image formed?
(iii) How far is the object located from the mirror?
(iv) Draw the ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
9. A spherical mirror produces an image of magnification -1.0 on a screen placed at a distance of 30 cm from the pole of the
mirror.
(i) Write the type of mirror in this case.
(ii) What is the focal length of the mirror?
(iii) What is the nature of the images formed?
(iv) Draw the ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
10. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 48 cm in front of a mirror by keeping the flame at a
distance of 12 cm from its pole.
(a) Suggest the type of mirror he should use.
(b) Find the linear magnification of the image produced.
(c) How far is the image from its object?
(d) Draw ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
11. A student wants to obtain an erect image of an object using a concave mirror of 12 cm focal length. What should be the
range of distance of the candle flame from the mirror? State the nature and size of the image he is likely to observe. Draw a
ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
12. To construct ray diagram we use two light rays which are so chosen that it is easy to know their directions after reflection
from the mirror. List these two rays and state the path of these rays after reflection. Use these rays to locate the image of an
object placed between Centre of curvature and focus of a concave mirror.
13. (a) A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm can produce a magnified real as well as virtual image of an object placed in front
of it. Draw ray diagrams to justify this statement,
(b) An object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length 10 cm. The distance of the object
from the pole of the mirror is 10 cm. Find the position of the image formed.
14. (a) A security mirror used in a big showroom has radius of curvature 5 m. If a customer is standing at a distance of 20 m
from the cash counter, find the position, nature and size of the image formed in the security mirror.
(b) Neha visited a dentist in his clinic. She observed that the dentist was holding an instrument fitted with a mirror. State the
nature of this mirror and reason for its use in the instrument used by dentist.
15. (a) To construct a ray diagram we use two rays which are so chosen that it is easy to know their directions after reflection
from the mirror. Use these two rays and draw ray diagram to locate the image of an object placed between pole and focus of
a concave mirror.
(b) A concave mirror produces three times magnified image on a screen. If the objects placed 20 cm in front of the mirror,
how far is the screen from the object?
16. (a) If the image formed by a mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always diminished, erect and virtual,
state the type of the mirror and also draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. Write one use such mirrors are put to and
why?
(b) Define the radius of curvature of spherical mirrors.
17. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm.
(i) What should be the range of distance of a , object placed in front of the mirror?
(ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the object? Draw ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
(iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24 cm in front of the mirror? Draw ray diagram for this situation also
to justify your answer.
Show the positions of pole, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the above ray diagrams.
18. Suppose you have three concave mirrors A, B and C of focal lengths 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm. For each concave mirror you
perform the experiment of image formation for three values of object distances of 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm. By giving
reason, answer the following:
(a) For the three object distances, identify the mirror/mirrors which will form an image of magnification -1.
(b) Out of the three mirrors, identify the mirror which would be preferred to be used for shaving purposes/make up.
(c) For the mirror B draw ray diagram for image formation for object distances 10 cm and 20 cm.
19. A student has focused the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a concave mirror. The situation is a given below:
Length of fhe flame = 1.5 cm
Focal length of the mirror = 12 cm
Distance of flame from the mirror = 18 cm
If the flame is perpendicular to the principal axis of the mirror, then calculate the following:
(a) Distance of the image from the mirror
(b) Length of the image
If the distance between the mirror and the flame is reduced to 10 cm, then what would be observed on the screen? Draw ray
diagram to justify your answer from this situation.
20. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on the walls of school laboratory by using a mirror.
(a) Which type of mirror should he use and why?
(b) At what distance in terms of focal length ‘f’ of the mirror should he place the candle flame so as to get the magnified
image on the wall?
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
(d) Can he use this mirror to project a diminished image of the candle flame on the same wall? State ‘how’ if your answer is
‘yes’ and ‘why not’ if your answer is ‘no’.
21. List the sign conventions for reflection of light by spherical mirrors. Draw a diagram and apply these conventions in the
determination of focal length of a spherical mirror which forms a three times magnified real image of an object placed 16 cm
infront of it.
22. Draw a diagram and apply the sign conventions for calculating the focal length and nature of a spherical mirror which forms
a 1/3 times magnified virtual image of an object placed 18 cm in front of it.
23. Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and reflected ray will always be parallel to each
other, whatever may be angle of incidence. Show the same with the help of diagram.
24. Size of image of an object by a mirror having a focal length of 20 cm is observed to be reduced to
1/3 rd of its size. At what distance the object has been placed from the mirror? What is the nature of the image and the
mirror?

LIGHT – REFRACTION
 1. Light from the Sun falling on a convex lens will converge at a point called
(a) centre of curvature
(b) focus
(c) radius of curvature
(d) optical centre Answer: b

2. Large number of thin stripes of black paint are made on the surface of a convex lens of focal length 20
cm to catch the image of a white horse. The image will be
(a) a zebra of black stripes
(b) a horse of black stripes
(c) a horse of less brightness
(d) a zebra of less

brightness Answer: c

3. A divergent lens will produce

(a) always real image
(b) always virtual image
(c) both real and virtual image
(d) none of
these
Answer: b
4. When object moves closer to convex lens, the image formed by it shift
(a) away from the lens
(b) towards the lens
(c) first towards and then away from the lens
(d) first away and then towards the lens
Answer: a.

5. When object moves closer to a concave lens the image by it shift

(a) away from the lens on the same side of object
(b) toward the lens
(c) away from the lens on the other side of lens
(d) first towards and then away from the lens
Answer: b

6. A magnified real image is formed by a convex lens when the object is at

(a) F
(b) between F and 2F
(c) 2F
(d) only (a) and (b) both
 Answer: d
7. The distance between the optical centre and point of convergence is called focal length in which of
the following cases?

Answer: c.
8. A beam of light is incident through the holes on side A and emerges out of the hole
on the other face of the box as shown in the figure. Which of the following could be
inside the box?
(a) Concave lens
(b) Rectangular glass slab
(c) Prism
(d) Convex lens

Answer: d

9. Magnifying power of a concave lens is

(a) always > 1
(b) always < 1
(c) always = 1
(d) can have any value

Answer b

10. The image formed by a convex lens can be

(a) virtual and magnified
(b) virtual and diminished
(c) virtual and of same size
(d) virtual image is not
formed Answer: a

11. If the magnification produced by a lens has a negative value, the image will be
(a) virtual and inverted
(b) virtual and erect
(c) real and erect
(d) real and inverted
Answer: d

12. When the object is placed between f and 2f of a convex lens, the image formed is
(a) at f
(b) at 2f
(c) beyond 2f
(d) between O and
f Answer: c
13. A ray of light is travelling from a rarer medium to a denser medium. While entering the denser medium
at the point of incidence, it
(a) goes straight into the second medium
(b) bends towards the normal
(c) bends away from the normal
 (d) does not enter at
all Answer: b

14. An object of height 5 cm is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave lens of focal
length 10 cm. If the distance of the object from the optical centre of the lens is 20 cm, determine the
position, nature and the size of the image formed.
a) v = 6.66 cm, virtual and erect, hi = - 1.66 cm,
b) v = -6.66 cm, real and inverted, hi = -1.66 cm
c) v = -6.66 cm, virtual and erect, hi = 1.66 cm
d) v = -20/3 cm, virtual and erect, hi = 4/3 cm

Answer : c
15. A student obtains a blurred image of a distant object on a screen using a convex lens. To
obtain a distinct image on the screen, he should move the lens
a) Away from the screen
b) Towards the screen
c) To a position very far away from the screen
d) Either towards the screen or away from the screen depending upon
the position of the object. Answer (d)
16. To determine the focal length of a convex lens, by focussing a distance object, you try to
focus the image of the object on a screen. The image you obtain on the screen is always:
a) Erect and laterally inverted
b) Erect and diminished
c) Inverted and diminished
d) Virtual, erect and diminished

Answer ( c)

17. Two thin lenses, one of focal length +60 cm and the other of focal length -20 cm are
kept in contact. Their combined focal length is
A) Minus 30 cm
B) Plus 30 cm
C) Minus 15 cm
D) +15c
m
Answer A
18. A point object is placed at a distance of 12 cm from a convex lens, its image is formed on
the other side of the lens at a distance of 18 cm from the lens. Find the focal length of the lens,
magnification value, nature of the image.
a) f = 5/36 cm, m = -1.6 , real inverted diminished
b) f = 7.2 cm, m = - 1.5, real inverted highly enlarged
c) f = 7.2 cm, m = -1.5, real inverted enlarged
d) f = - 7.2 cm, m = 1.5, real
inverted enlarged Answer c)
19. No refraction occurs when ray goes from
A. rarer to denser medium B. denser to rarer medium

C. one medium to other medium of same optical density

D. Cannot be said
Answer c)

20. If the central portion of a convex lens is wrapped in black paper as shown in the figure
(a) No image will be formed by the remaining portion of the lens
 (b) The full image will be formed but it will be less bright
(c) The central portion of the image will be missing
(d) There will be two images each produced by one of the
exposed portions of the lens Answer (b)
21. Raji conducts an experiment to produce an image of an object on a screen which is placed
at 20 cm from the lens She uses a convex lens of focal length 15 cm for the experiment. Where
should she place the object in order to produce the sharpest image?
(a) 60 cm in front or the lens

(b) 15 cm in front or the lens

(c) 8 cm in front or the lens

(d) 20 cm in front or

the lens Answer a)

22. When two converging lenses of same focal length f are placed in contact, the focal length of
the combination is
(a) f (b) 2f (c) f /2 (d)3f

Answer c)

23. Light rays A and B fall on optical component X and come out as C and D. The optical
component is a

(a) concave lens (b) convex lens (c)

convex mirror (d) prism Answer a)

24. Three students measured the focal length of a convex lens using parallel rays from a
distant object. All of them measured the distance as given
Student A: distance between lens and
screen Student B: distance between object
and screen
Student C: distance between object and
lens
Which student will get the correct focal
length of lens?
a) Student A only
b) Student B and C both
c) Student A and B both
d) Student C

Answer :

a)
 Case study questions:

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).

The lenses forms different types of images when object placed at different locations. When a ray is incident
parallel to the principal axis, then after refraction, it passes through the focus or appears to come from the
focus.

When a ray goes through the optical centre of the lens, it passes without any deviation. If the object is placed
between focus and optical center of the convex lens, erect and magnified image is formed. As the object is
brought closer to the convex lens from infinity to focus, the image moves away from the convex lens from
focus to infinity. Also the size of image goes on increasing and the image is always real and inverted. A
concave lens always gives a virtual, erect and diminished image irrespective to the position of the object.

25)The location of image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed at infinity is
(a) at focus
(b)at 2F
(c)at optical center
(d)between Fand 2F

Answer: (a)

26) When the object is placed at the focus of concave lens, the image formed is
(a) real and smaller
(b) virtual and inverted
(c) virtual and smaller
(d) real and erect

Answer: (c)

27)The size of image formed by a convex lens when the object is placed at the focus of convex lens
is
(a) small
(b) point in size
(c) highly magnified
(d) same as that of object

Answer: (c)

28) When the object is placed at 2F in front of convex lens, the location of image is
(a) at F
(b) at 2 F on the other side
(c) at infinity
(d) between F and optical center

Answer: (b)

29) At which location of object in front of concave lens, the image between focus and optical
centre is formed
(a) anywhere between Optical centre and infinity
(b) at F
(c) at 2F
(d) infinity

Answer: (a)

The following and answer the questions.

When the rays of light travels from one transparent medium to another, the path of light is deviated. This
phenomena is called refraction of light. The bending of light depends on the optical density of medium
through which the light pass.

The speed of light varies from medium to medium. A medium in which the speed of light is more is optically
rarer medium whereas in which the speed of light is less is optically denser medium. Whenever light goes
from one medium to another, the frequency of light does not change however, speed and wavelength
change. It concluded that change in speed of light is the basic cause of refraction.

30) When light travels from air to glass, the ray of light bends
i. towards the normal (b) away from normal (c) anywhere (d) none of these
Answer: a

31) A ray of light passes from a medium A to another medium B. No bending of light occurs if the ray
of light hits the boundary of medium B at an angle of
(a) 0° (b) 45° c ) 90° (d ) 120°

Answer: c)
33)When light passes from one medium to another, the frequency of light

ii. increases (b) decreases (c) remains same (d) none of these
Answer: c)

34)When light passes from glass to water, the speed of light

iii. increases (b) decreases

(c) remains same (d) first increases then decrease
Answer: a)

35)The bottom of pool filled with water appears to be _due to refraction of light.
 iv. shallower (b) deeper (c) at same depth (d) empty
Answer a)

The refraction of light on going from one medium to another takes place according to two laws which are
known as the laws of refraction of light. These laws are
I. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is always constant for the pair
of media in contact.
Sin i / sin r = a constant
This constant is called refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium.
Refractive index is also defined as the ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in
medium.
2. The incident ray, refracted ray and normal all lie in the same plane.
This law is called Snell's law of refraction.

36)When light travels from air to glass,

(a) angle of incidence > angle of refraction
b)angle of incidence = angle of refraction
c)angle of incidence < angle of refraction
d)can't say
Answer: a)
37)When light travels from air to medium, the angle of incidence is 45° and angle of refraction is
30. 'The refractive index of second medium with respect to the first medium is
(a) 1.41 (b) 1.50 () 1.23 (d) 1
Answer: a)

38) In which medium, the speed of light is minimum?

a. Air (b) Glass (c) Water (d) Diamond
Answer: d)

39)If the refractive index of glass is 1.5 and speed of light in air is 3 x 10" m/s. The speed of light in glass is
(a) 2x 108m/s (b) 2.9 x I08 ml/s () 4.5 x 108 m/s (d) 3x 10" m/s
Answer: a)

40)Refractive index of a with respect to b is 2. Find the refractive index of b with respect to a.
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.5 () 0.25 (d) 2
Answer: b)
 -

A lens is a piece of any transparent material bounded by two curved surfaces. There are two types of
lenses convex lens and concave lens.
Convex lens is made up of a transparent medium bounded by two spherical surfaces such that thicker at
the middle and thinner at the edges. Concave lens is also made up of a
transparent medium such that thicker at the edge and thinner at the middle.
The mid point of the lens is called optical centre.
A point on the principal axis, where the incident parallel rays meet or appears
to come out after refraction is called focus.
A convex lens converges a parallel beam of light to other side
whereas concave lens spreads out.

41)Which of the following lenses would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in dictionary?

(a) A convex lens of focal length 50 cm (b) A concave lens of focal length 50
(c) A convex lens of focal length 5cm (d) A concave lens of focal length 5

Answer: c)
42)Which type of lenses are shown in given figure (i) and (ii).

(a) Plano concave, concavo convex (b) Plano convex, convexo concave
(c) Double concave, concave convex (d) Convexo concave, double vex
Answer: a)

43)A small bulb is placed at the focal point of a converging lens. When the bulb is switched on, the lens
produces
a) a convergent beam of (b) a divergent beam of light
light
(d) a patch of coloured light.
(c) a parallel beam of light

Answer: c)

44)The part of lens through which the refraction takes place is called
a) aperture (b) centre of curvature (c) principal axis d) focus
Answer: a)
 45)A water drop acts as a
i. convex lens (b) concave lens
(c) double concave lens (d) none of
these
Answer: a)

The relationship between the distance of object from the lens (u),
distance of image from the lens (v) and the focal length of the lens is
given as

1/f = 1/v - 1/u

The size of image formed by a lens depends on the position of the
object from the lens. A lens of short focal length has more power
whereas a lens of long focal length has less power. When the lens is
convex, the power is positive and for concave lens, the power is
negative.
The magnification produced by a lens is the ratio of height of image to
the height of object as the size of the image relative to the object is
given by linear magnification (m).
When, m is negative, image formed is real and when m is positive,
image formed is virtual. If m < 1, size of image is smaller than the
object. If m > 1, size of image is larger than the object.

(46) An object 4 cm in height is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a

convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The position of image is

(a) - 20cm (b) 20cm (c) -10cm

(d) 10 cm
Answer: a)

(47) In above question the size of image is

(a) 16cm
Answer: b) (b) 8cm (c) 4cm (d) 2cm
 48) An object is placed 50 cm from a concave lens and produces a virtual
image at a distance of 10 cm in front of lens. The focal length of lens
is

(a) 25cm (b) -12.5cm (c) 12.5cm

(d) 10 cm
Answer: b)
49) A convex lens forms an image of magnification -2 of the height of
image is 6 cm, the height of object is
a. 6cm (b) 4cm (c) 3cm
(d) 2cm
Answer: c)
50) A concave lens have focal length 5 cm , the power of the lens is

(a) 20D (b) - 20D (c) 90D

(d) -5D

Answer: b)

Read the following passage and answer the questions

51)What kind of lenses are used in the refracting telescope?

b. Concave lens
c. Convex lens
d. Bifocal lens
 e. Both a and b
Answer: d)

52) The unit of power of a lens is

a. Metre
b. Centimetre
c. Dioptre
d. Milli metre
Answer: c)

53) Objective lens will create a image of the object being studied

a. Real
b. Virtual
c. Real and virtual
d. Virtual and small
Answer: a)

54) Eyepiece lens takes the image created by Objective lens and it for your
viewing.
a. Diminishes
b. Magnifies
c. Appears same
d. Point sized
Answer: b)

55)The lens of a telescope uses to make things look closer they really are.

a. Reflection
b. Refraction
c. Dispersion
d. scattering
Answer: b)

ASSERTION AND REASONING:

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A)

and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the
appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
(e) A is false R is false
56) Assertion : If the rays are diverging after emerging from a lens;

the lens must be concave.

Reason : The convex lens can give diverging rays.

Ans : ( c ) Assertion is True but Reason is false

57) Assertion : The small object, to be seen in a microscope, is

kept within the two foci of its objective.
Reason : In this case, the image formed by the objective is
nearer to the eyepiece. Ans : (c) Assertion (A) is true but
reason (R) is false.

58) Assertion : As light travels from one medium to another, the

frequency of light does not change. Reason : Because frequency is the
characteristic of source.
Ans : (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is
the correct explanation of assertion (A).
59) Assertion : Light rays retrace their path when their direction is
reversed (Law of reversibility of light rays)
Reason : For the refraction light, water is denser than air, but for the
refraction of sound, water is rarer than air.
Ans : (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of assertion (A).
60) Assertion (A) : Light does not travel in the same direction in all the media.
Reason (R) : The speed of light does not change as it enters from one
transparent medium to another.

Answer(c)

61) Assertion(A) : It is not possible to see a virtual image by eye.

Reason (R): The rays that seem to emanate from a virtual image do
not in fact emanates from the image.

Answer (d)

62) Assertion(A) : The height of an object is always considered positive.

Reason (R) : An object is always placed above the principal axis in the upward
direction.
Answer (a)
 63) Assertion(A): Virtual images are always erect.
Reason (R) : Virtual images are formed by diverging lenses only.

Answer (c )
64) Assertion: A ray incident along the normal retraces its path
Reason: In refraction, angle of incidence is always equal to the angle
of refraction.
Answer ( C) - A true, R false

65) Assertion: if an image is formed upside down then it is called

inverted.
Reason: if the image is formed bigger than object then it is called
enlarged.
Answer (b) both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation
of A

Mcq:(diagram based)

66) The diagrams showing the correct path of ray after passing through
the convex lens is
a) II and III only
b) I and ii only
c) I , ii and iii
d) I, ii, iv
Answer : c)

67.

A light ray enters from medium A

to medium B as shown in figure.
The refractive index of medium B
relative to A will be
a. greater than unity
(b) less than unity
(c) equal to unity
(d) zero
 Answer (a)

68. which of the following diagrams

shows the correct path after refration?
(a) Fig. A
(b) Fig. B
(c) Fig. C
(d) Fig. D

Answer (a)
69. A student used a device (X) to obtain/focus the image of a well
illuminated distant building on a screen (S) as shown alongside in
the diagram. Select the correct statement about the device (X)

(a) This device is a concave lens of focal length 8 cm.

(b) This device is a convex mirror of focal length 8 cm.
(c) This device is a convex lens of focal length 4 cm.
(d) This device is a convex lens of focal length 8 cm
Answer ( d)

70. Figure shows a ray of light as it travels from medium A to medium

B. Refractive index of the
medium B relative to medium
A is
 Answer (a)

71. A student does the experiment on tracing the path of a ray of light
passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of
incidence. He can get a correct measure of the angle of incidence
and the angle of emergence by following the labelling indicated in
figure:

Answer ( iv)

72. Four students traced the path of a ray of light from glass to air as
shown below. The correct path of refracted ray is:

Answer ( b)

73. Select from the following the best set-up for tracing the path of a
ray of light through a rectangular glass slab
 Answer (a)

74. A student traces the path of a ray of light passing through a

rectangular glass slab. For measuring the angle of incidence, he
must position the protractor in the manner shown in the figure:

Answer (b)

75.

When the object is kept between the focus and pole, the image
distance according to sign convention is
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Positive or negative
d) Cannot say
Answer (b)
LOTS

1. Define refraction of light

2. State laws of refraction of light
3. Draw refraction through a glass slab
4. What is lateral displacement?
5. Explain the term absolute refractive index of a medium’ and write an
expression to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum.
6. A fish under water is viewing obliquely a fisherman standing on the
bank of lake. Does the man look taller or shorter?
7. Which phenomenon occurs when light falls on
(a) highly polished surface
(b) a transparent medium?
8. What is meant by power of a lens? What does its sign (+ve or -ve) indicate? State its
S.I. unit related to focal length of a lens.
9. What is a lens?
10. Differentiate convex and concave lens
11. Define the following terms
a. Optical centre
b. Principal axis
c. Principal focus
d. Focal length
e. Centre of curvature
f. Radius of curvature
12. A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the
light ray bend towards the normal or away from the normal? Why?
13. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this
statement?
14. Find the power of a concave lens of focal length 2 m.

15. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an
object is placed
(a) between optical centre and focus of the lens
(b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
(c) at twice the focal length of the lens
(d) at infinity
(e) at the focus of the lens

16. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave lens when an
object is placed
(a) at the focus of the lens
(b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
(c) beyond twice the focal length of the lens
17. A coin placed at the bottom of a tank appears to be raised when water is
poured into it. Explain.
18. List the sign conventions that are followed in case of refraction of light
through spherical lenses.

NUMERICALS AND RAY DIAGRAMS - MOTS

1. (a) Water has refractive index 1.33 and alcohol has refractive index
1.36. Which of the two medium is optically denser? Give reason for
your answer.
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the path of a ray of light passing
obliquely from water to alcohol.
(c) State the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of
refraction in the above case.
2. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave lens of focal length
10 cm are placed in closed contact with each other. Calculate the lens
power of the combination.
3. A convex lens of focal length 2.0 m can produce a magnified virtual as
well as real image. Is this a correct statement? If yes, where shall the
object be placed in each case for obtaining these images?

4. A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of power +1.5 D. Find the

focal length of the lens. Is the prescribed lens diverging or converging?
5. A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the
lens. How far is the object placed from the lens? Draw the ray
diagram.
6. (a) A 5 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a
convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The distance of the object from the
lens is 30 cm. Find the position, nature and size of the image formed.
7. (b) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing object distance, image
distance and focal length in the above case.
8. Light enters from air to glass, having a refractive index 1.50. What is
the speed of light in the glass? The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x
108 ms-1.
9. How are power and focal length of a lens related? You are provided
with two lenses of focal length 20 cm and 40 cm respectively. Which
lens will you use to obtain more convergent light?
10. Define power of a lens. What is its unit? One student uses a lens of
focal length 50 cm and another of –50 cm. What is the nature of the
lens and its power used by each of them?
11. (a) The refractive index of Ruby is 1.71. What is meant by this
statement?
(b) The refractive index of some medium are given below:
Crown glass- 1.52
Water- 1.33
Sapphire- 1.77
 In which of the medium is the speed of light
(i)maximum
(ii)minimum
(iii) Calculate speed of light in sapphire.
12. What is meant by power of a lens? Define its S.I. unit.
You have two lenses A and B of focal lengths + 10 and -10 cm
respectively. State the nature and power of each lens. Which of the
two lenses will form a virtual and magnified image of an object placed
8 cm from the lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.

NUMERICALS AND RAY DIAGRAMS - HOTS

1. A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a

distance of 50 cm from it. Where is the needle placed in front of the
convex lens if the image is equal to the size of the object? Also, find
the power of the lens.
2. One-half of a convex lens is covered with black paper. Will this lens
produce a complete image of the object? Verify your answer
experimentally. Explain your observations.
3. An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens
of focal length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram and find the position,
size and nature of the image formed.
4. Refractive index of diamond with respect to glass is 1.6 and
absolute refractive index of glass is 1.5. Find out the absolute
refractive index of diamond.
5. Sudha finds out that the sharp image of the window pane of her
science laboratory is formed at a distance of 15 cm from the lens.
She now tries to focus the building visible to her outside the window
instead of the window pane without disturbing the lens. In which
direction, will she move the screen to obtain a sharp image of the
building? What is the approximate focal length of this lens?
6. A student-focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen
using a convex lens. He noted down the position of the candle
screen and the lens as under Position of candle = 12.0 cm Position
of convex lens = 50.0 cm Position of the screen = 88.0 cm

(i) What is the focal length of the convex lens?

(ii) Where will the image be formed if he shifts the candle towards
the lens at a position of 31.0 cm?

(iii) What will be the nature of the image formed if he further shifts
the candle towards the lens?

(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in case
(iii) as said above.

7. A divergent lens has a focal length of 30 cm. At what distance

should an object of height 5 cm from the optical centre of the lens
be placed so that its image is formed 15 cm away from the lens?
 Find the size of the image also. Draw a ray diagram to show the
formation of image in the above situation.
8. (i) Determine the speed of light in diamond if the refractive index of
diamond with respect to vacuum is 2.42. Speed of light in vacuum
is 3×108m/s.
(ii) Refractive indices of glass, water and carbon disulphide are 1.5,
1.33 and 1.62 respectively. If a ray of light is incident in these media
at the same angle (say θ), then write the increasing order of the
angle of refraction in these media.
(iii) (A) The speed of light in glass is 2×108 m/s and in water
is 2.25×108m/s.
(a) Which one of the two is optically denser and why ?
(b) A ray of light is incident normally at the water-glass interface
when it enters a thick glass container filled with water. What will
happen to the path of the ray after entering the glass ? Give reason.
(iv) (B) The absolute refractive indices of water and glass are 4/3
and 3/2 respectively. If the speed of light in glass is 2×108 m/s, find
the speed of light in (i) vacuum and (ii) water.
9. The refractive index of a medium V with respect to a medium ‘y’ is
2/3 and the refractive index of medium ‘y’ with respect to medium
‘z’ is 4/3. Find the refractive index of medium ‘z with respect to
medium V. If the speed of light in medium ‘x’ is 3 × 10 8 m s-1,
calculate the speed of light in medium ‘y’.
10. A real image 2/3rd of the size of an object is formed by a
convex lens when the object is at a distance of 12 cm from it. Find
the focal length of the lens.
11. The image of an object formed by a lens is of magnification -1.
If the distance between the object and its image is 60 cm, what is
the focal length of the lens? If the object is moved 20 cm towards
the lens, where would the image be formed? State reason and also
draw a ray diagram in support of your answer.
12. a) A 5 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal
axis of a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The distance of the
object from the lens is 30 cm. Find the position, nature and size of
the image formed.
(b) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing object distance, image
distance and focal length in the above case.
13. Analyse the following observation table showing variation of
image distance (v) with object distance (u) in case of a convex lens
and answer the questions that follows, without doing any
calculations :
14. (a) What is the focal length of the convex lens? Give reason in
support of your answer.
(b) Write the serial number of that observation which is not correct.
How did you arrive at this conclusion?
(c) Take an appropriate scale to draw ray diagram for the
observation at S. No. 4 and the approximate value of magnification.

s.n u v
 Object Distance
S. No. Image Distance v(cm)
o w(cm)

1 -90 +18

2 -60 +20
1 -100 +25

3 -30 +30

2
4 -20 +60-60 +30

5 -18 3
+90-40 +40

6 -10 +100
4 -30 +60

15. Analyse the

5 -25 +100 following
observation
table showing
variation 6 -15 +120 of image-
distance (v) with
object- distance (u) in
case of a convex lens
and answer the questions that follow without doing any calculations.

(a) What is the focal length of the convex lens? Give reason to
justify your answer.
(b) Write the serial number of the observation which is not
correct. On what basis have you arrived at this conclusion?
(c) Select an appropriate scale and draw a ray diagram for the
observation at S. No. 2. Also find the approximate value of
magnification.
 VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA , MEL AYANAMBAKKAM
Class : X
Subject: Physics
Topic: Human eye and the colorful world

Question Bank

1. The human eye can focus objects at different distances by adjusting the focal length of the eye
lens. This is due to
(a) Presbyopia
(b) Accommodation
(c) Near-sightedness
(d) Far-sightedness
2. The human eye forms the image of an object at its
(a) Cornea
(b) Iris
(c) Pupil
(d) Retina
3. The least distance of distinct vision for an eye lens is caused by the action of the
(a) 25 m
(b) 2.5 cm
(c) 25 cm
(d) 2.5 m
4. The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the
(a) Pupil
(b) Retina
(c) Cilliary muscles
(d) Iris
5) A person went for a medical check-up and found that the curvature of his eye lens was
increasing. Which defect is he likely to suffer from?
(a) Myopia
(b) Cataract
(c) Presbyopia
(d) Hypermetropia
6) A person gets out in the sunlight from a dark room. How does his pupil regulate and control
the light entering the eye?
(a) The size of the pupil will decrease, and less light will enter the eye
(b) The size of the pupil will decrease, and more light will enter the eye
(c) The size of the pupil will remain the same, but more light will enter the eye
(d) The size of the pupil will remain the same, but less light will enter the eye
5) When light rays enter the eye, most of the refraction occurs at the
(a) Crystalline lens
(b) The outer surface of the cornea
(c) Iris
(d) Pupil
6) In which part of the human eye is the image of an object formed?
(a) Iris
(b) Pupil
(c) Retina
(d) Cornea
7) The danger signals installed at the top of tall buildings are red in colour. These can be easily
seen from a distance because, among all other colours, the red light
(a) is scattered the most by smoke or fog
(b) is scattered the least by smoke or fog
(c) is absorbed the most by smoke or fog
(d) moves fastest in the air
8) Which of the following phenomena of light are involved in the formation of a rainbow?
(a) Reflection, refraction and dispersion
(b) Refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection
(c) Refraction, dispersion and internal reflection
(d) Dispersion, scattering and total internal reflection
9) A person sees an object closer to his eyes. What changes will take place in his eyes?
(a) the pupil size will expand
(b) the ciliary muscles will contract
(c) the focal length of the eye lens will increase
(d) the light entering the eye will be more
10) The splitting of white light into different colours on passing through a prism is called
(a) reflection (b) refraction (c) dispersion(d) deviation

11) The image shows a light ray incident on a glass prism.

12.The various angles are labelled in the image. Which angle shows the angle of incidence and
angle of refraction, respectively?
(a) A and D
(b) B and E
(c) C and F
(d) D and F
13. The deflection of light by minute particles and molecules of the atmosphere in all directions
is called ____________ of light.
(a) dispersion
(b) scattering
(c) interference
(d) Tyndall effect
14 Which of the following phenomena contributes significantly to the reddish appearance of the
sun at sunrise or sunset?
(a) Dispersion of light
(b) Scattering of light
(c) Total internal reflection of light
(d) Reflection of light from the earth
15 Why do stars appear to twinkle at night?
(a) Because the light of stars travels in a different medium
(b) Because the distance of a star varies when the earth rotates
(c) Because the star changes its position relative to the earth
(d) Because the atmosphere reflects the light at different angles

16 When white light enters a prism, it gets split into its constituent colours. This is due to

(a) different refractive index for the different wavelengths of each colour
(b) (b) each colour having the same velocity in the prism
(c) (c) prism material having high density
(d) (d) Scattering of light

17 When white light enters a glass prism from the air, the angle of deviation is least for
(a) blue light
(b) yellow light
(c) violet light
(d) red light
18. Which option justifies that the Sun appears red at sunrise and sunset?
(a) Red scatters highest by the atmosphere
(b) The distance between the sun and earth reduces
(c) Red has a high wavelength, so it travels a longer distance
(d) The white light disperses into seven colours, only red enters the atmosphere
19. At noon, the sun appears white as
(a) Light is least scattered
(b) All the colours of white light are scattered away
(c) Blue colour is scattered the most
(d) Red colour is scattered the most
20. Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric
(a) dispersion of light by water droplets
(b) refraction of light by different layers of varying refractive indices
(c) scattering of light by dust particles
(d) internal reflection of light by clouds

21. The image shows the dispersion of the white light in the prism.

22. What will be the colours of the X, Y and Z?

(a) X: red; Y: green; Z: violet
(b) X: violet; Y: green; Z: red
(c) X: green; Y: violet; Z: red
(d) X: red; Y: violet; Z: green
23.Which image shows the deviation of light in a prism?
(a)
Correct Answer: Option (b)
24.The image shows the ray diagram of a defective eye.

Having two eyes facilitates in

A : Increasing the field of view
B : Bringing three-dimensional view
C : Developing the concept of distance/ size
Then the correct option is/are
(a) A only
(b) A and B only
(c) B only
(d) A, B and C
25 . The black opening between the aqueous humour and the lens is called
(a) retina
(b) iris
(c) cornea
(d) pupil
26. Near and far points of a young person normal eye respectively are
(a) 0 and infinity
(b) 0 and 25 cm
(c) 25 cm and infinity
(d) 25 cm and 150 cm.
27. The defect of vision in which the person is able to see distant object distinctly but cannot see
nearby objects clearly is called
(a) Long-sightedness
(b) Far-sightedness
(c) Hypermetropia
(d) All above
28. Human Eye And Colourful World Class 10 MCQ Question 6. The ability of eye lens to adjust its
focal length to form a sharp image of the object at varying distances on the retina is called
(a) Power of observation of the eye
(b) Power of adjustment of the eye
(c) Power of accommodation of the eye
(d) Power of enabling of the eye
29. Myopia and hypermetropia can be corrected by
(a) Concave and plano-convex lens
(b) Concave and convex lens
(c) Convex and concave lens
(d) Plano-concave lens for both defects.
30. Bi-focal lens are required to correct
(a) astigmatism
(b) coma
(c) myopia
(d) presbyopia
31..MCQ On Human Eye With Answers Pdf Question 9. The defective eye of a person has near point
0.5 m and point 3 m. The power far corrective lens required for
(i) reading purpose and
(ii) seeing distant objects, respectively are:
(a) 0.5 D and +3D
(b) +2D and – 13 D
(c) – 2D and + 13D
(d) 0.5 D and-3.0 D
32. The image formed on the retina of the human eye is
(a) virtual and inverted
(b) real and inverted
(c) real and erect
(d) virtual and erect
33. When white light enters a prism, it gets split into its constituent colours. This is due to
(a) different refractive index for different wavelength of each colour
(b) each colours has same velocity in the prism.
(c) prism material have high density.
(d) Scattering of light
34.The air layer of atmosphere whose temperature is less then the hot layer behave as optically
(a) denser medium
(b) rarer medium
(c) inactive medium
(d) either denser or rarer medium
35. Refraction of light by the earth’s atmosphere due to variation in air density is called
(a) atmospheric reflection
(b) atmospheric dispersion
(c) atmospheric scattering
(d) atmospheric refraction
36.The deflection of light by minute particles and molecules of the atmosphere in all direction is
called ____________ of light.
(a) dispersion
(b) scattering
(c) interference
(d) tyndall effect
37. One cannot see through the fog, because
(a) refractive index of the fog is very high
(b) light suffers total reflection at droplets
(c) fog absorbs light
(d) light is scattered by the droplets
38. Multiple Choice Questions And Answers On Human Eye Question 16.
A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond 2 m. This defect can be corrected by using a lens
of power [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) + 0.5 D
(b) – 0.5 D
(c) + 0.2 D
(d) – 0.2 D
39.MCQ Questions On Human Eye And Colourful World Pdf 17.
A prism ABC (with BC as base) is placed in different orientations. A narrow beam of white light is
incident on the prism as shown in figure. In which of the following cases, after dispersion, the third
colour from the top corresponds to the colour of the sky? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]

40. At noon the sun appears white as [NCERT Exemplar Problems]

(a) light is least scattered
(b) all the colours of the white light are scattered away
(c) blue colour is scattered the most
(d) red colour is scattered the most
41. Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) dispersion of light by water droplets
(b) refraction of light by different layers of varying refractive indices
(c) scattering of light by dust particles
(d) internal reflection of light by clouds.
42. The clear sky appears blue because [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) blue light gets absorbed in the atmosphere.
(b) ultraviolet radiations are absorbed in the atmosphere.
(c) violet and blue lights get scattered more than lights of all other colours by the atmosphere.
(d) light of all other colours is scattered more than the violet and blue colour lights by the atmosphere.

43. The danger signals installed at the top of tall buildings are red in colour. These can be easily seen
from a distance because among all other colours, the red light [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) is scattered the most by smoke or fog
(b) is scattered the least by smoke or fog
(b) is absorbed the most by smoke or fog
(c) moves fastest in air
44. The bluish colour of water in deep sea is due to [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) the presence of algae and other plants found in water
(b) reflection of sky in water
(c) scattering of light
(d) absorption of light by the sea
45. When light rays enter the eye, most of the refraction occurs at the [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) crystalline lens
(b) outer surface of the cornea
(c) iris
(d) pupil
46. The focal length of the eye lens increases when eye muscles [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) are relaxed and lens becomes thinner
(b) contract and lens becomes thicker
(c) are relaxed and lens becomes thicker
(d) contract and lens becomes thinner

HOTS:
47.In the following Questions, the Assertion and Reason have been put forward. Read the statements
carefully and choose the correct alternative from the following:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.

48. Assertion: Blind spot is a small area of the retina which is insensitive to light where the optic
nerve leaves the eye.
Reason: There are no rods or cones present at the junction of optic nerve and retina in the eye.

ASSERTION AND REASON

44. Assertion: The near-point of a hypermetropic eye is more than 25 cm away.
Reason: Hypermetropia is corrected using spectacles containing concave lenses.

45. Assertion: Myopia is the defect of vision in which a person cannot see the distant objects clearly.
Reason: This due to eye-ball being too short.

46. Assertion: Concave mirrors are used as reflectors in torches, vehicle head-lights and in search
lights.
Reason: When an object is placed beyond the centre of curvature of a concave mirror, the image
formed is real and inverted.

47. Assertion: The light emerges from a parallel-sided glass slab in a direction perpendicular with that
in which enters the glass slab.
Reason: The perpendicular distance between the original path of incident ray and emergent ray
coming out of glass slab is called lateral displacement of the emergent ray of light.
48. Assertion: When a pencil is partly immersed in water and held obliquely to the surface, the pencil
appears to bend at the water surface.
Reason: The apparent bending of the pencil is due to the refraction of light when it passes from water
to air.

MOTS
49. The least distance of distinct vision for a normal eye is
(a) infinity
(b) 25 cm
(c) 2.5 cm
(d) 25 m
50.. A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond 2 m. This defect can be corrected by using a
lens of power
(a) +0.5 D
(b) -0.5 D
(c) +0.2 D
(d) -0.2 D

51. The defect of vision in which a person cannot see the distant objects clearly but can see nearby
objects clearly is called
(a) myopia
(b) hypermetropia
(c) presbyopia
(d) bifocal eye

52. The splitting of white light into different colours on passing through a prism is called
(a) reflection
(b) refraction
(c) dispersion
(d) deviation

53. At noon, the Sun appears white as

(a) blue colour is scattered the most
(b) red colour is scattered the most
(c) light is least scattered
(d) all the colours of the white light are scattered away
54. Twinkling of stars is due to
(a) reflection of light by clouds
(b) scattering of light by dust particles
(c) dispersion of light by water drops
(d) atmospheric refraction of starlight
55. When white light enters a glass prism from air, the angle of deviation is least for
(a) blue light
(b) yellow light
(c) violet light
(d) red light
56. When white light enters a glass prism from air, the angle of deviation is maximum for
(a) blue light
(b) yellow light
(c) red light
(d) violet light
57. The amount of light entering the eye can be controlled by the
(a) iris
(b) pupil
(c) cornea
(d) ciliary muscles
58. What type of image is formed by the eye lens on the retina?
(a) Real and erect
(b) Virtual and inverted
(c) Real and inverted
(d) Virtual and erect
59. The medical condition in which the lens of the eye of a person becomes progressively cloudy
resulting in blurred vision is called
(a) myopia
(b) hypermetropia
(c) presbyopia
(d) cataract
60. The defect of the eye in which the eyeball becomes too long is
(a) myopia
(b) hypermetropia
(c) presbyopia
(d) cataract
61. The defect of vision in which the image of nearby objects is formed behind the retina, is
(a) myopia
(b) short-sightedness
(c) hypermetropia
(d) presbyopia
62 Which of the following is a natural phenomenon which is caused by the dispersion of sunlight in
the sky?
(a) Twinkling of stars
(b) Stars seem higher than they actually are
(c) Advanced sunrise and delayed sunset
(d) Rainbow
VERY SHORT ANSWERS

1. Name the essential parts of human eye,

2 Which liquid fills the space behind the cornea?
3 Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering the eye?
4 What is eye lens made of ?
5 How is the sense of vision carried from the eye to the brain?
6 Which liquid fills the space between eye lens and retina?
HOTS
7 Why is blind spot so called?
8 What is the number of receptors contained in the retina?
9 What is meant by far point?
10 Why can you not see an object clearly if it is placed very close to your eye?
11 When you enter from a bright sunshine into a dark room, you are not able to see
clearly for some Why?
12 On what factor the colour of the scattered light depends?
13 What is Presbyopia ?
14 What is twinkling of stars due to?
15 Define dispersion of white light.
16 What kind of lens is used in the spectacles of a person suffering from myopia
(near sightedness)?
LOTS
17 Name the part of the human eye that helps in changing the focal length of the
eye lens
18 Write the value of near point of distinct vision for normal eye.
19 What is the role of pupil in a human eye?
SHORT ANSWERS

1. What is meant by power of accommodation of eye?

2. What is the far point and near point of the human eye with normal vision
3. A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What
could be the defect the child is suffering from? How can it be corrected?
4. Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm?
5. What happen to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an
object from the eye?
6. Why do stars twinkle?
7. Explain why the planets do not twinkle.
8. Why does the Sun appear reddish early in the morning?
9. Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to astronaut?
LONG ANSWERS

1. Name the four parts labelled as a, b, c and d in given diagram and write their
functions.What is myopia (near-sightedness)? Draw a ray diagram to show how it can
be corrected using a lens.
2. What is hypermetropia (far-sighted-ness)? Draw a ray diagram to show how this
defect can be corrected using a lens.
3. Define the term dispersion of white light. State the colour which bends (i) the least
and (ii) the most while passing through a glass prism.
4. What is meant by spectrum of white light? How can we recombine the components of
white light after a prism has separated them? Draw a diagram to illustrate it.
5. Explain why do the planets not twinkle but the stars twinkle.
6. What is meant by least distance of distinct vision? How does this vary between the
very young and old people ?
7. A star appears slightly higher (above) than its actual position in the sky. Illustrate it
with the help of a labelled diagram.
8. Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light through a glass prism. Mark on it
(a) the incident ray. (b) the emergent ray and (c) the angle of deviation.
9. A star sometimes appears brighter and some other times fainter. What is this effect
called? State the reason for this effect.
10. What is the color of the clear sky during day time? Give reason for it.
11. In which of the following two cases the focal length of the eye lens will be more–
(a) When ciliary muscles of a normal eye is most relaxed.
(b) When ciliary muscles of a normal eye is in most contracted state.
12. Why does it take sometimes to see the objects in dim light when you enter the
room from bright sunlight outside?
13. Why are we not able to see the things clearly when we come out of a darkroom?
HOTS
14. What is a spectrum? Why do different colored rays deviate differently on
passing through a glass prism?
15. What is meant by the term ‘power of accommodation’ of human eye? How does
it help a person to see nearby as well as distant objects clearly.
16. What is meant by the power of accommodation of an eye
17. (a) What are the values of (i) near point and (ii) far point of vision of a normal
adult person?
(b) A student has difficulty in reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row.
What could be his defect of vision? Draw a ray diagram to illustrate this defect of
vision. Answer. (a) (i) 25 cm (ii) Infinity (∞)
(b) Short-sightedness or myopia: The image in this case forms in front of the retina.
19. (a) What is meant by scattering of light?
(b) State the factors on which the colour of scattered light perceived by us depends.
2 0 . What is power of accommodation? How ciliary muscles help in
accommodation?
21. Why does sun appear reddish at sunrise? Explain the help of a labelled diagram.
23. Explain why?
(c) A myopic person prefer to remove his spectacles while reading a book.
(d) A hypermetropic person prefer to remove his spectacles while looking at the sky.
24. Four friends went to a forest for a picnic. When they were moving around the
forest, they saw that the light was filtering from the leaves of the trees. The path
of the light beam becomes visible to all of them. They wondered how this happen
so. Suddenly, they saw two hunters. They immediately went to the nearest police
station to complain about them. Police immediately with their force went to the
forest to arrest those people.
a. Name the effect they observed in the canopy of the dense forest and explain it.
b. Where can you see this effect other than the forest?
c. What can you predict about the nature and awareness of these four friends?
25. Name the three common defects of vision. What are their causes? Name the
type of lens used to correct each of them.
26. A 14-year old student is not able to see clearly the questions written on the
blackboard placed at a distance of 5 m from him.
a. Name the defect of vision he is suffering from.
b. With the help of labelled ray diagrams show how this defect can be corrected.
c. Name the type of lens used to correct
this defect.
27. (a) What is dispersion of white light? What is the cause of such dispersion? Draw a
diagram to show the dispersion of white light by a glass prism.
(b) A glass prism is able to produce a spectrum when white light passes through it
but a glass slab does not produce any spectrum. Explain why is it so?

LOTS

28. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow it:

a. Which defect of vision is represented in this case? Give reason for your answer.
b. What could be the two causes of this defect?
c. With the help of a diagram show how this defect can be corrected by the use of a
suitable lens.
29. (a) Explain the following terms used in relation to defects in vision and correction
 provided by them:
(i) Myopia (ii) Astigmatism (iii) Bifocal lenses (iv) Far-sightedness.
(ii) What colours would you observe in the experiment? Why?
31. What is atmospheric refraction? Use this phenomenon to explain the following
natural events.
32. A student cannot see clearly a chart hanging on a wall placed at a distance 3 m from
his eye. Name the defect of vision he is suffering from. Draw a ray diagram to
illustrate this defect. List its two possible causes.
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show how this defect may be corrected using
a lens of appropriate focal length.
(c) An eye donation camp is being organized by social workers in your
locality. How and why would you help in this cause?

NUMERICALS
1. Why is the normal eye unable to focus on an object placed within 10
cm from the eye? 30. (i) Draw a figure which shows the arrangement
for observing the phenomenon of scattering of light in the laboratory.
2. Student sitting at the back bench in a class is not able to see what is written on the
blackboard. He however, sees it clearly when sitting on the front seat at an
approximate distance of 1.5 m from the blackboard. Draw ray diagrams to illustrate
the image formation of the blackboard when he is seated at the (i) back seat (ii) front
seat.
3. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the nature and
power of the lens required to correct the problem?
4. Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point of a
hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to correct this
defect?
5. A person needs a lens of power -5.5 dioptre for correcting his distinct vision. For
correcting his near vision he needs a lens +1.5 dioptre. What is the focal length of the
lens required for correcting (i) distinct vision, and (ii) near vision?
6. A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m directly.
What should be the type of the corrective lens used? What would be its
power?
7. A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly. What should
be the corrective lens used to restore proper vision?
8. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 50 cm. What is the nature and power of
the lens required to enable him to read a book placed at 25 cm from the eye?

----------
 CLASS X

SUB : PHYSICS QUESTION BANK

CHAPTER 11 : ELECTRICITY

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:-

1. A piece of wire of resistance R is cut in to five equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel. If the
equivalent resistance of this combination is R’ , then the ratio R / R ‘ is -

(a) 1/ 25 (b) 1/5 (c) 6 (d) 25

2.. Which of the following terms does not represent electrical power in a circuit?

(a) I2R (b) I R2 (c) V I (d) V2 / R

3. An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When it is operated on 110 V , the power consumed will be

(a) 100 W (b) 75 W (c) 50 W (d) 25 W

4. Two conducting wires of the same material and of equal lengths and equal diameters are first connected in
series and then in parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference. The ratio of heat produced in series
and parallel combination would be…

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1: 4 (d) 4 : 1

5. A cylindrical conductor of length ‘l’ and uniform cross section ‘A’ has resistance ‘R’. The area of cross section
of another conductor of same material and same resistance but of length ‘2l’ is

( a) A/2 (b) 3 A / 2 (c) 2 A (d) 3 A

6. The maximum resistance which can be made using four resistors each of resistance ½ Ω is

( a) 2 Ω (b) 1 Ω (c) 2.5 Ω (d) 8 Ω

7. In house hold circuit , we employ ....... combination of resistances

(a) series (b) parallel ( c) both series and parallel ( d ) none of these.

8. The correct form of Ohm’s law is

(a) V = I /R ( b) I = V / R (c) R = I / V (d) none of these.

9. The effective resistance when two identical resistors of resistances ‘R’ each when connected in parallel is

(a) 2 R (b) R / 2 (c) R (d) 4 R

10. Working principle of electrical fuse is ......

(a) heating effect of electric current

(b) chemical effect of electric current.

(c) magnetic effect of electric current

(d) None of these.

11. The correct relation connecting current and charge in a conductor is:

(a) q = I t (b) q = I / t (c) q = t / I (d) None of these

12.The S I unit of charge is

(a) ampere (b) Coulomb (c) Volt (d) Ohm

13. A wire of resistance R is cut into two equal halves. The resistance of the half is

( a) R (b) R / 2 (c) 2 R ( d) none of these.

14. When the temperature of a conductor increases ,its resistance…….

(a) increases (b) decreases (c) No change (d) initially increases then decreses.

15. The alloys have ………. resistances than pure metals

(a) lower (b) higher (c) same (d) none of these

16. The working principle of fuse wire is :

(a) Archimedes’ principle (b) Joules law of heating (c) Newton’s laws of motion (d) none of these

17. Fuse wire should have ………… melting point

(a) low (b) high (c) any value (d) none of these

18. When resistors are combined in series . …….. through each resistor is same

(a) resistance (b) potential difference (c) current (d) heat generated

19. The equivalent resistance when three resistors of 3 ohms connected in series is…

(a) 3 ohms (b) 9 ohms (c) 1 ohm ( d) none of these

20. Three identical resistances of 6 ohms connected in parallel. The equivalent resistance of the combination is
….

(a) 6 ohms (b) 2 ohms (c) 18 ohms (d) none of these.

21. In house hold circuits , we always use ………. Combination

(a) series (b) parallel (c) both (d) none of these

22. In a parallel combination of resistances, ……… is same for all resistors

(a) current (b) resistance (c) potential difference (d) heat

23. The slope of V – I graph gives ……..

(a) current (b) resistance (c) potential difference (d) heat

24. Ammeter is always connected in ……… with the circuit

(a) parallel (b) series (c) both (d) none of these

25. Voltmeter is always connected ……… in a circuit

(a) parallel (b) series (c) both (d) none of these

For the following question numbers (1-5) two statements are given- one labeled Assertion (A)

And the other labeled Reason(R).Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes(a),(b), (c) & (d)

As given below:

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

(c) A is true, but R is false.

(d) A is false ,but R is true

1. Assertion: A voltmeter is always connected in parallel across points between which the potential difference
is to be measured.

Reason : The resistance of a voltmeter is very high.

2.Assertion: One can determine resistance and not the power of a circuit by using a voltmeter and ammeter

simultaneously.

Reason: Power is the product of voltage and current (wattage = voltage x amperage).

3.Assertion:At high temperatures, metal wires have a greater chance of short circuiting.

Reason: Both resistance and resistivity of a material vary with temperature.

4. Assertion: A fuse wire is always connected in parallel with the mainline.

Reason: If a current larger than the specified value flows through the circuit, the fuse wire melts.

5.Assertion: When the shape of an Ohmic conductor is changed, its resistance changes but the resistivity
remains the same.

Reason: Resistivity is the basic property of a material whereas resistance depends upon the dimensions of the
conductor.

Answer:- 1- (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a)

ANSWERS:
ANSWERS:
MOTS AND NUMERICALS

1. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity of 1.6 x 10 -6Ω m. What will be the
length of this wire to make its resistance 10 Ω ? How much does the resistance change if
the diameter is doubled?

2. When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2.5

mA in the circuit. Find the value of resistance of the resistor.

3. A battery of 9 V is connected in series with resistors 0.2 Ω , 0.3Ω, 0.4Ω, 0.5 Ω and 12
Ω, respectively. How much current would flow through the 12Ω resistor?
4. How many 176 Ω resistors in parallel are required to carry 5 A on a 220 V line?

5..Show how you would connect three resistors , each of resistance 6 Ω, so that the
combination has a resistance of (i) 9 Ω and (ii) 4 Ω

6. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220 V line, are rated 10 W. How many
lamps can be connected in parallel with each other across the two wires of 220 V line if
the maximum allowable current is 5 A.

7. A hot plate of electric oven connected to a 220 V line has two resistance coils A and B,
each of

24 Ω resistance, which may be used separately, in series ,or in parallel. What are the
currents in the three cases?

8. Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000 C of charge in one hour through
a potential difference of 50 V.

9. An electrtic bulb is connected to a 220 V generator. The current is 0.5 A. What is the
power of the bulb?

10. An electric refrigerator rated 400 W operates 8 hour per day . What is the cost of the
energy to operate iot for 30 days at Rs 3.00 per kW h?

11. Compare the power used in the 2 Ω resistor in each of the following circuits:

(i) a 6 V battery in series with 1 Ω and 2 Ω resistors and (ii) a 4 V battery in parallel with
12Ω and 2 Ω resistors .
12Two lamps ,one rated 100 W at 220 V and the other 60 W at 220 V, are connected in
parallel to electric mains supply. What current is drawn from the line if the supply voltage
is 220 V?

13. Which uses more energy , a 250 W T V set in I hr, or 1200 W toaster in 110 minutes?

14. An electric heater of resistance 8 Ω draws 15 A from the service mains 2 hours.
Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater.

15. (a) Define the S I Unit of current.

(b) Name the device used for measuring electric current. How it is connected in a circuit?

( c) The filament of an electric lamp , which draws a current of 0.2 A, is used for 5 hours .

Calculate the amount of charge flowing through the circuit.

16. (i) Define 1 V

(ii) Name the device used for measuring potential difference. How it is connected in a
circuit?

(iii) Calculate the work done to move 2 C of charge between two points having a
potential difference of 6 V

17. How the current through a conductor change when the potential difference across
the conductor is doubled? What happens to the resistance of the conductor in this case?

18. Draw the circuit diagram to study Ohm’s law. Explain the function of the rheostat in
the circuit.
19. What happens to the resistance and resistivity of a wire in the following cases

(i) wire is cut into two equal halves

(ii) wire is stretched to double its length,

20. Two resistors of resistances 2 Ω and 4 Ω are connected in series with a battery of 6 V
with an ammeter to measure the current through 4 Ω resistor and a voltmeter to
measure the voltage across 2 Ω resistor with a closed plug key.

(i) Draw the circuit diagram

(ii) Calculate the readings of ammeter and voltmeter.

21. Five resistors of identical resistances are connected (i) in series and (ii) in parallel.

Calculate the ratio of equivalent resistance of series with that of parallel.

22. (i) Define electric power. Write its S I unit.

(ii) A bulb has a power of 10W. Calculate the current it draws when connected across a
battery of 12 V.

23. (a) How does the resistivity of alloys compare with those of pure metals from which
they may have beenformed?

(b) Calculate the resistance of a 1 km long copper wire of area of cross section 2 x 10-2
cm2. The resistivity of copper is 1.62 x 10-8 Ω m

24. (a) Distinguish between resistance and resistivity .

(b) A wire is stretched so that its length becomes 6/5 times of its original length. If the
original resistance is 25 Ω , find its new resistance.
25. Write three advantages of connecting the electrical appliances in parallel with the
mains than in series.

26. How many 40 W,220 V lamps can be safely connected to a 220 V, 5 A line?

27 . How much current will an electric iron draw from a 220 V source if the resistance of
its element when hot is 55 Ω .Also calculate the wattage of the iron when it is operated
on 220 V

28. A current of 5 A is passed through a conductor of 12 Ω for 2 minutes .Calculate the

amount of heat produced.

29. The V – I graph for the two wires A and B are shown in the figure. If we connect both
the wires one by one to the same battery , which of the two will produce more heat per
unit time? Justify your answer.

VB

30. Three resistors of resistances R1 , R2 and R3 are connected (i) in series , and (ii) in
parallel. Write the expressions for the equivalent resistance of the combinations for the
equivalent resistance of the combination in each case.

31. Two resistors of 12 Ω each are connected to a battery of 3 V. Calculate the ratio of
the power consumed by the resulting combinations with minimum resistance and
maximum resistance.

32. Write the relation between resistance and resistivity of the material of a conductor in
the shape of a cylinder of length „l‟ and area of cross section „A‟, Hence derive the S I
unit of electrical resistivity.
33. Resistance of a metal wire of length 5 m is 100 Ω. If the area of cross section of the
wire is 3 x 10 -7 m 2, calculate the resistivity of the metal.

34. An electric bulb is rated 200 V, 100 W. What is its resistance? Calculate the energy
consumed by three such bulbs if they glow continuously for 10 hours for complete month
of November. Calculate the total cost if the rate is Rs 6.50 per unit

35. What is meant by the statement “ the resistance of a conductor is one ohm”?

36.Define electric power. Write an expression relating electric power , potential

difference and resistance.

37. How many 132 Ω resistors in parallel are required to carry 5 A on a 220 V line?

38. A torch bulb is rated 5 V and 500 mA. Calculate its (i) power (ii) resistance (iii) energy
consumed when it is lighted for 2 ½ hours.

HOTS AND NUMERICALS

1. (a) A current ‘I’ is flowing through a resistor ‘R’ having potential difference ‘V’ across
its ends and in time ‘t’ charge ‘Q’ flows. Derive an expression for heat produced.

(b) What will happen to heat produced if the current passing through an electric heater
has

been halved?
2. (a) Express electrical power in terms of current and potential difference. Define its S I
Unit

(b) The power rating of an appliance is 100W -220 V. What does it indicate?. If this bulb is
connected across 110 V, Calculate its power.

3. Two similar resistances are connected in series and in parallel, in two different circuits
one by one. The same current is passed through both the combinations. In which case
more heat will be produced? Give suitable reason for your answer with diagram.

4.(a) State and explain Ohm’s law. Express it mathematically and plot a graph between V
and I for a conductor.

(b) Define resistance of a resistor. Also define 1 Ohm.

5. With a neat diagram explain how three resistors are connected in series across a
battery. Also derive an expression for the equivalent resistance of the combination.

6.. With a neat diagram explain how three resistors are connected in parallel across a
battery. Also derive an expression for the equivalent resistance of the combination.

7. (i) What are the factors on which resistance of a conductor depends?

(ii) Define resistivity of a conductor. Write its S I unit.

(iii) What happens to the resistance of a conductor when (a) its length is doubled (b)
radius is halved?

8. (a) State and explain Joule’s law of heating.

(b) Mention any two applications of Joule’s law of heating

( c) Why alloys are used as the heating elements in electrical appliances ?

9. (a) Establish the relationship between kWh and Joules.

(b) A torch bulb is rated 6 V and 750 mA. Calculate the energy consumed by the bulb

in 4 hours.

10. The
resistivity
values of
some
substances
are given
below.

Materials

Resistivity 1.6 x 10-8 6.4 x 10-8 10 x 10-8 96 x 10-8 100 x 10-6

( Ω m)

Answer the following questions in relation to them giving justification for each

(i) Which material is best for making connecting cords?

(ii) Which material do you suggest to be used in heating devices?

(iii) You have two wires of same length and same thickness. One is made of material A
and another of material D. If the resistance of wire made of A is 2 Ω, what is the
resistance of the other wire?

3. An electric geyser is known to consume 2.2 ‘units’ of electrical energy per hour of its
use. It is designed to work on the mains voltage of 220V.

a) What is the ‘power-rating’ of this device?

b) What is the current flowing through this device when it is connected across the
‘mains’?

c) What is the ‘resistance’ of this device

CH-12 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

MCQ

Q1) A magnet attracts:

A. Plastics
B. Any metal
C. Aluminium
D. Iron and steel

Correct Answer: Option (d)

Q2) The most suitable material for making the core of an electromagnet is:

a) Steel

b) Iron

c) Soft iron

d) Aluminium

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q3) Which of the following is not attracted by a magnet?

(a) Steel

(b) Cobalt

(c) Brass

(d) Nickel
Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q4) Magnetic field lines emerge from

a. South pole

b.North Pole

c.Center of magnet

d.None of these option

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q5) Magnetic field is a

a. Scalar quantity
b. Vector quantity
c. Dimensionless quantity
d. None of these option

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q6) Which of the following is the property of a magnetic field?

A) It can change the direction of a moving charged particle

B) It can change the speed of a moving charged particle

C) It can create an electric field

D) It can create a gravitational field

Correct Answer: Option (a)

Q7) Which of the following is the direction of the magnetic field produced by a
straight current-carrying conductor?

A) Away from the conductor

B) Towards the conductor

C) Parallel to the conductor

D) Perpendicular to the conductor

Correct Answer: Option (d)

Q8) Which of the following is the SI unit of magnetic field?

A) Joule

B) Volt

C) Ampere

D) Tesla

Correct Answer: Option (d)

Q9) When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, what is

the force experienced by the conductor?

A) Electric force

B) Gravitational force

C) Magnetic force

D) None of the above

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q10) What is an electromagnet?

A) A magnet made of iron

B) A magnet made of copper

C) A magnet made of steel

D) A magnet made of a current-carrying coil

Correct Answer: Option (d)

Q11) When a straight conductor is carrying current:

a) There are circular magnetic field lines around it

b) There are magnetic field lines parallel to the conductor

c) There are no magnetic field lines

d) None of the above

Correct Answer: Option (a)

Q12) A plotting compass is placed near the south pole of a bar magnet. The
pointer of the plotting compass will:

(a) Point away from the south pole

(b) Point parallel to the south pole

(c) Point towards the south pole

(d) Point at right angles to the south pole

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q13) Two magnetic field lines:

a) Intersect at the neutral point

b) Never intersect each other

c) Intersect near north-pole or south pole

d) Intersect at the midpoint of the magnet

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q14) Who has stated the Right hand Thumb Rule?

a. Orested

b. Fleming

c. Einstein

d. Maxwell

Correct Answer d. Maxwell

Q15) A student learns that magnetic field strength around a bar magnet is
different at every point. Which diagram shows the correct magnetic field lines
around a bar magnet?
Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q16) The front face of a circular loop of a wire is the North Pole, the direction
of current in this face of the loop will be:

a) Clockwise

b) Anticlockwise

c) Towards North

d) Towards South

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q17) If the direction of current in a solenoid, when viewed from a particular

end, is anticlockwise, then this end of the solenoid will be:
A. West pole
B. South pole
C. North pole
D. East pole

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q18) Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding magnetic field

lines?

(a) The direction of the magnetic field at a point is taken to be the direction in which the
north pole of a magnetic compass needle points.

(b) Magnetic field lines are closed curves.

(c) If magnetic field lines are parallel and equidistant, they represent zero field strength.

(d) Relative strength of the magnetic field is shown by the degree of closeness of the
field lines.

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q19) The magnetic field inside a long straight solenoid carrying current:
a) Is zero

b) Decrease as we move towards its end

c) Is the same at all points

d) Increase as we move towards its end

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q20) A strong bar magnet is placed vertically above a horizontal wooden

board. The magnetic lines of force will be:

(a) Only in the horizontal plane around the magnet

(b) Only in the vertical plane around the magnet

(c) In horizontal as well as vertical planes around the magnet

(d) In all the planes around the magnet

Correct Answer: Option (d)

Q21) A student places some iron filings around a magnet. The iron fillings
arrange themselves as shown in the image.
The student labelled four different regions around the magnet. Where would
the magnetic field be the strongest?

(a) P

(b) Q

(c) R

(d) S

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q22) The force on a current-carrying conductor when placed perpendicular in a

uniform magnetic field.

a) F=BIL

b) F=B/IL

c) F=L/BI

d) F=I/BL

Correct Answer: Option (a)

Q23) A student inserts a bar magnet in the coil. The student observes
deflection in the galvanometer connected to the coil. What will happen if the
magnet is continuously getting in and out of the coil?

(a) The current induced in the coil will increase

(b) The current will change its direction continuously

(c) The magnetic field will create a motion in the coil

(d) The magnetic field of the bar magnet would keep decreasing

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q24) No force acts on a current carrying conductor when it is placed-

a. perpendicular to the magnetic field

b. parallel to the magnetic field

c. far away from the magnetic field

d. inside a magnetic field

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q25) The shape of the field lines of a magnetic field around a straight
conducting wire is

(a) square (b) circular (c) elliptical (d) pyramidal

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q26) A metal rod PQ is placed in the magnetic field. The ends of the rod are
connected to a battery using wires.

Where will the rod move?

(a) Upward

(b) Downwards

(c) Into the field

(d) Out of the field

Correct Answer: Option (d)

Q27)The force exerted on a current-carrying wire placed in a magnetic field is

zero when the angle between the wire and the direction of the magnetic field
is ——————.

a. 180 degree
b. 45 degree
c. 90 degree
d. 60 degree

Answer: (a) 180 degree

Q28) An a-particle projected towards West is deflected towards north by a

magnetic field. Then the direction of the magnetic field is towards

(a) south (b) east (c) downward (d) upward

Answer: (d) Using Fleming’s left hand rule the direction of magnetic field is
upward.

Q29) A soft iron bar is introduced inside a current-carrying solenoid. The

magnetic field inside a solenoid:

a) Decrease

b) Will increase

c) Will become zero

d) Will remain unaffected

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q30) Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic field near a long
straight wire?

a) The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire

b) The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire

c) The field consists of radial lines originating from the wire

d) The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire

Correct Answer: Option (d)

Q31) For a current in the long straight solenoid, N and S-poles are created at
the two ends. Among the following statement, the incorrect statement is:

a) The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of straight lines, which indicates that
the magnetic field is the same at all points inside the solenoid

b) The strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid can be used to magnetise a
piece of a magnetic material like soft iron when placed inside the coil

c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the
pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet.

d) The N and S-poles exchange position when the direction of the current through the
solenoid is reversed

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q32) Appliances that have a metal body are generally connected to the
earthing wire. What is the reason to earth these wires?

(a) To prevent the excess current

(b) To prevent the leakage of current

(c) To provide extra current to the appliance

(d) To provide high resistance to the appliance

Correct Answer: Option (b)

Q33) The frequency of alternating current (AC) supply in India is:

A. 0 Hz

B. 50 Hz

C. 60 Hz

D.100 Hz

Correct answer B. 50 Hz
Q34) In all the electrical appliances, the switches are put in the

a. live wire

b. earth wire

c. neutral wire

d. all of above

Correct Answer: Option (a)

Q35 What is that instrument which can detect the presence of electric current
in a circuit?

a. galvanometer

b. motor

c. generator

d. none of above

Correct Answer: Option (a)

Q36) What happens to the current in short circuit?

a. reduces substantially

b. .does not change

c. increases heavily

d. vary continuously

Correct Answer : Option c. increases heavily

Q37 ) Overloading happens due to ——————.

 a. Short circuits
b. Decrease in power supply
c. Increase in power supply
d. Option (a) and (c)

Answer: (d) Option (a) and (c)

Q38)The potential difference between a live wire and a neutral wire is

——————.

a. 100 V
b. 280 V
c. 220 V
d. 0V

Answer: (c) 220 V

Q39)An MCB which cuts off the electricity supply in case of short-circuiting or
overloading works on the:
A. Chemical effect of current
B. Heating effect of current
C. Magnetic effect of current
D.Electroplating effect of current

Correct Answer: Option (c)

Q40)The electric geysers are used on the circuit with

(a) 15 A current rating

(b) 5 A current rating

(c) 10 A current rating

(d) none of these

Correct answer a) 15 A current rating

TEST QUESTIONS
Q41)The magnetic field lines outside a bar magnet:

(a) Originate from the South pole and end at its North Pole

(b) Originate from the North pole and end at its East Pole

(c) Originate from the North Pole and end at its South Pole

(d) Originate from the South pole and end at its West Pole

Q42)The north pole of Earth’s magnet is in the:

(a) Geographical South

(b) Geographical East

(c) Geographical West

(d) Geographical North

Q43) A current carrying conductor is held in exactly vertical direction. In order to produce
a clockwise magnetic field around the conductor, the current should be passed in the
conductor:

(a) From top to bottom

(b) From left to right

(c) From bottom to top

(d) From right to left

Q44) The shape of the magnetic field lines produced by a current carrying conductor are:

(a) Straight lines

(b) Concentric circles

(c) Concentric ellipse

(d) Concentric parabolas

Q45)Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the magnetic field produced by a
current- carrying wire?

Q46) Inside the magnet, the field lines moves

(a) from north to south
(b) from south to the north
(c) away from south pole
(d) away from north pole

Q47) Which of the following statement is not correct about the magnetic field?
(a) Magnetic field lines form a continuous closed curve.
(b) Magnetic field line do not interest each other.
(c) Direction of tangent at any point on the magnetic field line curve gives the direction
of magnetic field at that point.
(d) Outside the magnet, magnetic field lines go from South to North pole of the magnet.

Q48) The pattern of the magnetic field produced by the straight current carrying
conducting wire is
(a) in the direction opposite to the current
(b) in the direction parallel to the wire
(c) circular around the wire
(d) in the same direction of current

Q49) The strength of magnetic field around a current carrying conductor is

(a) inversely proportional to the current but directly proportional to the square of the
distance from wire.
(b) directly proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from
wire.
(c) directly proportional to the distance and inversely proportional to the current
(d) directly proportional to the current but inversely proportional the square of the
distance from wire.

Q50)A current through a horizontal power line flows from south to North direction. The
direction of magnetic field line 0.5m above it is
(a) North
(b) South
(c) West
(d) East

Q51) The nature of magnetic field line passing through the centre of current carrying
circular loop is
(a) circular
(b) ellipse
(c) parabolic
(d) straight line

Q52) If the key in the given arrangement is put in (the circuit is made closed) and
magnetic field lines are drawn over the horizontal plane ABCD, compass needle
deflection will be towards

(a) north
(b) south
(c) west
(d) east

Q53) Identify the poles of the magnet in the given figure.

a) North – North Pole

b) North – South Pole

c) South – North Pole

d) South – South Pole

Q54) Magnetic effect of current is called

A. magnetism
B. steady current
C. electric current
D. electromagnetism

Q55)The strength of magnetic field is defined as

A. field lines passing through surface

B. electric field lines passing the loop
C. current through surface
D. electrons passing a specific point per unit time

Q56)Which one is not true about magnetic poles?

A. They can not be separated

B. They can be separated
C. They can repel each other
D. They can attract each other

Q57)At the centre of which of the following four circular rings the magnetic field is the
strongest for equal magnitude of current?

Q58) A constant current flows in a horizontal wire in the plane of the paper
from east to west. The direction of the magnetic field at a point will be North
to South

(a) directly above the wire

(b) directly below the wire

(c) at a point located in the plane of the paper, on the north side of the wire

(d) at a point located in the plane of the paper, on the south side of the wire

Q59)For a current in a long straight solenoid N- and S-poles are created at the
two ends. Among the following statements, the incorrect statement is

(a) The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of straight lines which indicates that
the magnetic field is the same at all points inside the solenoid

(b) The strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid can be used to magnetise a
piece of magnetic material like soft iron, when placed inside the coil

(c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid at the ends is different
from the pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet

(d) The N- and S-poles exchange position when the direction of current through the
solenoid is reversed

Q60) A circular loop placed in a plane perpendicular to the plane of paper

carries a current when the key is ON. The current as seen from points A and B
(in the plane of the paper and on the axis of the coil) is anti-clockwise and
clockwise respectively. The magnetic field lines point from B to A. The N-pole
of the resultant magnet is on the face close to

(a) A

(b) B

(c) A if the current is small, and B if the current is large

(d) B if the current is small and A if the current is large

Q61) Choose the incorrect statement

(a) Fleming’s right-hand rule is a simple rule to know the direction of induced current

(b) The right-hand thumb rule is used to find the direction of magnetic fields due to
current-carrying conductors

(c) The difference between the direct and alternating currents is that the direct current
always flows in one direction, whereas the alternating current reverses its direction
periodically

(d) In India, the AC changes direction after every 1/50 second

Q62) It is deceptive & dangerous to connect a switch in

a)live wire

b) neutral wire

c)earth wire

d)Both (a) & (c)

Q63)A high tension wire has a resistance

a) high b) medium

c)low d) Both (a) & (b)

Q64) The MCB is connected in

a) live wire
b) neutral wire

c) earth wire

d) Both (a) & (b)

Q65) What are the positive and negative terminals of direct current (DC) known
to have?

a. fixed polarity
b. no polarity
c. always negative polarity
d. variable polarity

ASSERTION AND REASON

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Q1) Assertion(A): On changing the direction of flow of current through a straight

conductor, the direction of a magnetic field around the conductor is reversed.
Reason (R) : The direction of magnetic field around a conductor can be given in
accordance with left hand thumb rule.

Correct answer (c)

Q2) Assertion(A): The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a
current carrying solenoid is inversely proportional to the current flowing through the
solenoid.

Reason (R) : The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current
carrying solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length of a
solenoid.

Correct answer (d)

Q3) Assertion(A): A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. The
deflection of the compass needle decreases when the magnitude of an electric current in
the wire is increased.
Reason (R) : Strength of a magnetic field at a point near the conductor increases on
increasing the current.
Correct answer (d)

Q4) Assertion(A) : A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. The
deflection of the compass needle decreases when the compass needle is displaced away
from the wire.
Reason (R) : Strength of a magnetic field decreases as one moves away from a current
carrying conductor.

Correct answer (a)

Q5) Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the centre of a
current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the current flowing through the coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the current flowing in
the coil.

Correct answer (c)

Q6) Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field produced at the centre of a
current carrying circular coil increases on increasing the radius of the circular coil.
Reason (R) : Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the radius of the
circular coil.

Correct answer (d)

Q7) Assertion(A) : On freely suspending a current-carrying solenoid, it comes to rest in

N-S direction just like a bar magnet.
Reason (R) : One end of current carrying straight solenoid behaves as a North pole and
the other end as a South pole.

Correct answer (a)

Q8) Assertion(A) : Alternating Current is used in household supply.

Reason (R) : AC electric power can be transmitted over long distances without much
loss of energy.

Correct answer (a)

Q9) Assertion(A) : The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of a
wire depends on the radius of the coil
Reason (R) : The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of a wire
depends on the number of turns of the wire in the coil.

Correct answer (b)

Q10) Assertion(A) : A current carrying wire deflects a magnetic needle placed near it.
Reason (R) : A magnetic field exists around a current carrying wire.
Correct answer (a)

LOTS

1. What is meant by magnetic field?

2. Draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet. Name the device which is used to
draw magnetic field lines.
3. Design an activity to demonstrate that a bar magnet has a magnetic field around
it.
4. What are magnetic field lines? Justify the following statements:
(a) Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other.
(b) Magnetic field are closed curves.
5. If field lines of a magnetic field are crossed at a point, what does it indicate?
6. Draw the pattern of field lined due to a solenoid carrying electric current. Mark
the north and the south poles in the diagram.
7. State how the magnetic field produced by a straight current carrying conductor at
a point depends on

(a) current through the conductor

(b) distance of point from conductor.

8. (a) State three factors on which the strength of magnetic field produced by a
current carrying solenoid depends.

(b) Draw circuit diagram of a solenoid to prepare an electromagnet.

9. Explain what is short-circuiting and overloading in an electric supply.

10. (a) What is an electromagnet? What does it consists of?

(b) Name one material in each case used to make a

(i) permanent magnet (ii) temporary magnet.

(c) Describe an activity to show how can you make an electromagnet in your school lab?

11. Differentiate between ac and dc along with the graph.

12. What is a fuse? How does it function?

13. State the rule to determine the direction of magnetic field produced around a current
carrying conductor.

14. Why is the metallic body of electrical devices connected to the earth wire?

15. How is circuit overloaded?

16. State two ways by which the strength of an electromagnet can be increased.

17. Define a solenoid. How is it different from a coil?

18. Why do iron filings arrange themselves in a certain pattern around a magnet?

19. what are the safety measures to be taken while dealing with household electricity?

20. State the direction of magnetic field in the following case.

MOTS

1. A current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field. Now answer the

following.

(i) List the factors on which the magnitude of force experienced by conductor depends.

(ii) When is the magnitude of this force maximum?

(iii) State the rule which helps, in finding the direction of motion of conductor.

(iv) If initially this force was acting from right to left, how will the direction of force
change if:

(a) direction of magnetic field is reversed?

(b) Direction of current is reversed?

2. (a) What is an electromagnet? What does it consists of?

(b) Name one material in each case used to make a

(i) permanent magnet (ii) temporary magnet.

(c) Describe an activity to show how can you make an electromagnet in your school lab?

3. Draw the lines of force of the magnetic field through and around

(a)single loop of wire carrying current, (b) a solenoid carrying electric current.

4. (a)Draw a schematic labeled diagram of a domestic wiring circuit which includes (i)a
main fuse (ii) a power meter (iii)one light point (iv) a power plug.(b) Why is it necessary
to connect an earth wire to electric appliances having metallic covers?

5. State whether an alpha particle will experience any force in a magnetic field if (alpha
particles are positively charged particles)

(i) it is placed in the field at rest.

(ii) it moves in the magnetic field parallel to field lines.

(iii) it moves in the magnetic field perpendicular to field lines.

Justify your answer in each case.

6. (a) State Fleming’s Left-hand rule.

(b) List three characteristic features of the electric current used in our homes.

(c) What is a fuse? Why is it called a safety device?

(d) Why is it necessary to earth metallic electric appliances?

7. A copper wire is held between the poles of a magnet:

The current in the wire can be reversed. The pole of the magnet can also be changed
over. In how many of the four directions shown can the force act on the wire?
8. A constant current flows in a horizontal wire in the plane of the paper from east to
west as shown in the given Figure. The direction of magnetic field at a point will be North
to South

A. directly above the wire

B. directly below the wire

C. at a point located in the plane of the paper, on the north side of the wire

D. at a point located in the plane of the paper, on the south side of the wire

9. How does AC differ from DC? What are the advantages and disadvantages of AC over
DC?

10. What will be the frequency of an alternating current, if its direction changes after
every 0.05 sec?

HOTS

1. A beam of alpha particles enters a chamber moving along the magnetic field. What is
the magnetic force experienced by the beam?

2. Suggest one way to distinguish a wire carrying current from a wire carrying no current.

3. Imagine that you are sitting in a chamber with your back to one wall. An electron
beam, moving horizontally from the back wall towards the front wall, is deflected by a
strong magnetic field to your right side. What is the direction of the magnetic field?

4. Why and when does a current carrying conductor kept in magnetic field experiences
force?

List the factors on which direction of force will depend.

5. Find the direction of magnetic field due to a current carrying circular coil held:

(i) vertically in North – South plane and an observer looking it from east sees the current
to flow in anticlockwise direction,
(ii) vertically in East – West plane and an observer looking it from south sees the current
to flow in anticlockwise direction,

(iii) horizontally and an observer looking at it from below sees current to flow in clockwise
direction.

6. PQ is a current carrying conductor in the plane of the paper as shown in the figure
below.

(i) Find the directions of the magnetic fields produced by it at points R and S?
(ii) Given r1 > r2, where will the strength of the magnetic field be larger? Give reasons

7. A current-carrying straight conductor is placed in the east-west direction. What will be

the direction of the force experienced by this conductor due to earth’s magnetic field?
How will this force get affected on? (a) reversing the direction of floe of current (b)
doubling the magnitude of current.

8. Why is the earth pin thicker and longer than the live and the neutral pins?

9. A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What would happen if

a bar magnet is

(i) Pushed into the coil?

(ii) Withdrawn from inside the coil?

(iii) Held stationary inside the coil?

10. For the current carrying solenoid as shown below, draw magnetic field lines and
giving reason explain that out of the three points A,B and C at which point the field
strength is maximum and at which point it is minimum.
Case Base Question

Answer the following questions 11 to 15 on the basis of your understanding of the

following paragraph and the related studied concepts.

Paragraph I: the phenomenon of generation of an electric current in a circuit from

magnetic effects, i.e., by changing the magnetic flux linked with it is called
electromagnetic induction. This phenomenon is widely used to construct generation
which produce large scale electric power for domestic and industrial use.

Question. The magnetic field reparented by Fig. 4.39 (a) is due to:

(a) A source of uniform magnetic field

(b) A source of non-uniform magnetic field

(c) A bar magnet

(d) A straight current-carrying conductor

Answer : D

Question. The magnetic field represented by Fig. 4.39 (b) is/due to:
(a) A circular coil

(b) A solenoid

(c) Uniform

(d) A straight conductor

Answer : A

Question. The magnetic field represented by Fig. 4.39 (c) is/due to:

(a) A bar magnet

(b) Non-uniform magnetic field

(c) A straight current-carrying conductor

(d) Uniform magnetic field

Answer : D

Question. The magnetic field lines Fig. 4.39 (d) represented the magnetic field due to:

(a) A straight current-carrying conductor

(b) A circular coil

(c) A solenoid

(d) A source of uniform magnetic field

Answer : C

Question. Two organs where magnetic field is produced are

(a) Heart and lungs

(b) Heart and brain

(c) Brain and lungs

(d) Heart and Liver

Answer : B

2. The domestic electric circuit consist of red insulated cover called as live wire, wire with
black insulation called as neutral wire and the wire with green insulation is called as
Earth wire. We know that fuse is connected in series with the circuit to prevent the
damaging of electrical appliances and circuit from overloading. Overloading occurs when
live wire and the neutral wire comes in direct contact with each other. Because of which
current through the circuit increases suddenly. Also, overloading may occurs because of
connecting many appliances to a single socket. The Earth wire which is green in colour is
connected to a metal plate deep in the earth near the house. This type of safety measure
is used in appliances like electric press, toaster, table fan, refrigerator etc. The Earth wire
is gives low resistance conducting path for the electric current. In this way it protects us
from severe electric shock.

Questions:

1) What are the signs of live wire and neutral wire?

2) In our country what is the potential difference between live wire and neutral wire?

3) What is short circuiting?

4) What is the main purpose of using fuse in electric circuit?

Answers:

1) The red insulated wire is the live wire or positive and the black insulated wire is the
neutral wire or negative.

2) In our country the potential difference between live wire and neutral wire is 220 V.

3) When live wire and neutral wire comes in direct contact, in that situation the current
through the circuit increases suddenly and it is called as short circuiting.

4) Because of Joule’s heating effect the heat produced causes the fuse to melt and to
break the circuit. And thereby protect the circuit and electric appliances.