PULSAR MEASUREMENT

TTFM 6.1
Instruction Manual

Manual Rev 4.0

 Note: This page has been left blank intentionally.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

CONTENTS
EU DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
CONNECTIONS: ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
HAZARDOUS AREA WIRING INSTRUCTIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
KEYPAD SYSTEM .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
MENU SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
ICONS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
MESSAGE ICON ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
STATUS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
PASSWORD..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
MENU SELECTIONS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
UNITS/MODE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
SET UP .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
CALIBRATION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
RELAY PARAMETERS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
DATA LOGGING............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
COMMUNICATION (Optional).................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
TYPICAL SE16A SENSOR INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
TYPICAL SE16B SENSOR INSTALLATION............................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
TYPICAL SE16C SENSOR INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
SENSOR MOUNTING ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
2 or 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16A Transducers TMK-A1 Kit............................................................................................................................ 38
2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B TMK-B1 Kit ................................................................................................................................................... 41
1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit ..................................................................................................................................... 45
2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit ............................................................................................... 52
1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit .......................................................................................................... 56
2 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16C Transducers TMK-C1 or TMK-C2 Kit .............................................................................................................. 63
1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16C Transducers TMK-C1 or TMK-C2 Kit .............................................................................................................. 66
SENSOR MOUNTING/COUPLING RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................................................................................ 72
ENCLOSURE INSTALLATION ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
FIELD TROUBLESHOOTING........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 74
COMMON QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 77
APPLICATIONS HOTLINE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 79
PRODUCT RETURN PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 79
APPENDIX A – Classified Area Installation Control Drawings ........................................................................................................................................................ 83
APPENDIX B – Specifications .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
APPENDIX C – Pipe Charts ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 94
APPENDIX D – Speed of Sound for Various Fluids ............................................................................................................................................................................ 99
APPENDIX E – Speed of Sound of Water Relative to Temperature ............................................................................................................................................ 107

IMPORTANT NOTE: This instrument is manufactured and calibrated to meet product specifications. Please read this manual carefully before installation and
operation. Any unauthorized repairs or modifications may result in a suspension of the warranty. If this product is not used as specified by the manufacturer,
protection may be impaired. Available in Adobe Acrobat pdf format.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

EU DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

EU Declaration of Conformity – Pulsar Measurement TTFM 6.1 Transit-Time Flow Meter

This declaration of conformity is issues under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer.
Relevant Directive(s) 2014/30/EU – EMC directive and its amending directives
2014/35/EU – Low Voltage directive and its amending directives
2014/34/EU – ATEX directive and its amending directives
2011/65/EU – RoHS directive and its amending directives
Manufacturer’s name Pulsar Measurement
Manufacturer’s address 16456 Sixsmith Drive
Long Sault,
ON K0C 1P0
Canada
Apparatus Transit-time flow meter including wall-mount electronics, transducer
cables, and transducers
Models TTFM 6.1 with SE16A, SE16B, or SE16C transducers (ATEX where
approved)
Type of equipment Measurement and process control
Standards applied EN 61326-1:2013 EMC, equipment class industrial
EN 61010-1:2010+A1:2019 Safety requirements for electrical equipment
for measurement, control, and laboratory use
EN IEC 60079-0:2018 ATEX general requirements
EN 60079-11:2021 ATEX intrinsic safety (Ex ia)
Notified body CSA Group Netherlands B.V. #2813
Role Certifier of ATEX type examination
CSANe 22ATEX1057X

I declare that the apparatus named above has been tested and complies with the relevant sections of the above
referenced standards & directives.

Signed: Date: November 16, 2022

Rev. 1.0

Name & function Ken Elander, Sr Product Pulsar Measurement

Manager

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

CONNECTIONS:

POWER INPUT: The standard model requires AC power input between 100 to 240 VAC 50/60Hz 10VA. No
adjustments are necessary for voltages within this range. Connect L (Live) N (Neutral) and AC Ground.

Optional DC input model requires 9-32 VDC/10 Watts. Connect to + and - terminals.

Optional Thermostat and Heater modules are available rated for specifically 115 VAC or specifically 230 VAC.

IMPORTANT NOTE: To comply with electrical safety standards, AC power input and relay connection wires must
have conduit entry to the instrument enclosure. Installation requires a switch, overcurrent fuse or circuit breaker in
the building (in close proximity to the equipment) that is marked as the disconnect switch.

Risk of electric shock. Loosen cover screw to access connections. Only qualified personnel should access
connections.

Note: Use of instrumentation over 40°C ambient requires special field wiring.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

100-240 VAC Meter CONNECTIONS

For sensors being installed in ordinary locations, or where CSA C/US Non-Incendive for Class I, Div 2, Groups A, B,
C, D certification applies, electronics housing connections are as follows:

SENSOR

GND
GND
TDR 1

TDR 2
SERIAL COMMUNICATION OPTION

+ G
RS-485
Output

EXTRA RELAYS OPTION

NO

NO

NO

NO
NC

NC

NC

NC
C

RLY3 RLY4 RLY5 RLY6

Downstream
Upstream
AC
POWER
INPUT
LN

4-20mA –
+
NO
RLY2 C HEATER OPTION
NC
NO
RLY1 C
NC

AC SENSOR
GND GND

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

HAZARDOUS AREA WIRING INSTRUCTIONS

The SE16A, SE16B, and SE16C transducers come certified for use in the following hazardous locations. Please visit
our website for copies of the approval letters from the certifying agencies.
Individual copies of the specific control drawings for proper installation are also available for download on the
website, included with the shipment of each meter as a stand-alone document, and located within this manual in
Appendix A.

Standard:
 CSA C/US Non-incendive for Class I, Div 2, Groups A, B, C, D

Optional with Intrinsic Safety Barriers:

 CSA C/US Intrinsically safe for Class I, Div 1, Groups C, D; Class II, Div 1 Groups E, F, G; Class III; Encl. Type 4
or
 ATEX/IECEx Zone 0, Ex ia IIB T4 Ga

When using optional intrinsic safety barriers, follow the instructions in the control drawings for proper adherence
to the conditions of acceptability. When the intrinsic safety barrier option is purchased with the TTFM 6.1, the
proper barriers come pre-installed inside the TTFM 6.1 electronics housing.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

KEYPAD SYSTEM

The diagram on page 7 shows the TTFM 6.1 menu system. Arrows show the four directions to leave a menu box.
Pressing a corresponding keypad arrow will move to the next item in the direction shown. Move the cursor
(highlighted) under numerals and increase or decrease numerals with the  and  keys.

To store calibration values permanently (even through power interruptions), press the  button.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

MENU SYSTEM

- - Un i t s / Mo d e - - - - - - - -
 Mo d e Fl o w
Li near i n
Vo l u me USG
Mu l t i p l i e r x1
De c i ma l s 0
Ve l o c i t y f t / s
Fl o w USG/ m
De c i ma l s 2
T e mp e r a t u r e F

- - Se t u p - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 Se n s o r SE1 6 B
An g l e 3 7°
Fl u i d Wa t e r
T e mp Mo d e Fi x e d
Te mp 77. 0 F
Pi p e PVC
OD 4. 5000 i n
Wa l l 0. 2500 i n
Li ni ng No n e
Cr o s s i n g s 2
Zer o Tar e No
Se n s Sp a c e 2. 299i n
Ve l o c i t y 0. 00 f t / s

Si g n a l
St r e n g t h
100 %
- - Ca l i b r a t i o n - - - - - - -
 Mo d e Fl o w
- - Me s s a g e s - - - - - - - - - -
Da t a L o g Loggi ng 2 0 mA 5 0 0 . 0 0 USG/ m
L o g Us ed 0. 00000% 4 mA 0 . 0 0 USG/ m
Se n s o r Go o d L OS T i me 10 sec
Mi n F l o w 4 . 0 0 USG/ m
Da mp i n g
Mo d e FI R
Pe r c e n t 10%
Wi n d o w 1. 0 f t / s
Ca l Co n s t a n t 1. 00

* - - Re l a y Pa r a me t e r s - -
- - 24 hr l og- - - - - - - - - - USG/ m - - Pa s s wo r d - - - - - - - - - - - - Me n u - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  Re l a y 1
 Da t e F e b . 1 2 / 2 01 0  Un i t s / Mo d e
Fun c t i o n Fl ow

0.00
Tot al 5 0 1 3 8 USG Pa s s wo r d 0000
Se t u p On 1 0 0 0 USG
Av e r a g e 3 4 . 8 2 USG/ m Ca l i b r a t i o n
Ma x i mu m 5 2 . 2 0 USG/ m Of f 0 . 0 0 0 USG
Re l a y Pa r a me t e r s
Ma x Ti me 11: 08: 00 Da t a L o g g i n g
Mi n i mu m 0 . 0 0 0 USG/ m Tot 2 0 1 3 0 USG
Co mmu n i c a t i o n
Mi n Ti me 9: 15: 00 Re l a y s 1 2 3 4 5 6
Sp e c i a l F u n c t i o n s
Si mu l a t i o n
Co n f i g u r a t i o n - - Da t a L o g g i n g - - - - - - -
 L o g Si t e I D 01
Mo d e Fl o w
- - St a t u s - - - - - - - - - - - - F i l e Fo r ma t . L G2
 Ve l o c i t y 0. 00 f t / s Da t e J u n 26 / 2 0 1 7
Fl o w 0 . 0 0 USG/ m T i me 12: 28: 41
Mi n F l o w 4 . 0 0 USG/ m I nt er v al 3 0sec
Si g n a l St r e n g t h 1 0 0 % Da t a L o g Loggi ng
Ex p . SOS 4900 f t / s
Me a s . SOS 4900 f t / s - - Co mmu n i c a t i o n - - - - -
Pr o t o c o l Mo d b u s
Ad d r e s s 001
BPS 9600
Pa r i t y Ev e n
St o p Bi t s 1

- - Sp e c i a l F u n c t i o n s -
 Language En g l i s h
optional features An a l o g Ou t 4 - 2 0 mA
Ba c k l i g h t Hi g h
Re s e t T o t a l i z e r NO
* Menu only appears if "New Password" has been Ne g . To t a l s NO
changed from 0000 in "Special Functions" menu. Re v . Fl o w OF F
Ca p t u r e Pa r NO
Ca p t u r e WF NO
Re s t o r e De f a u l t s NO
Ne w Pa s s wo r d 0000

- - Si mu l a t i o n - - - - - - - -
 Tes t Ac t u a l
Fl o w 2 5 0 USG/ m
4 - 2 0 mA Fl o w 5 . 6 0 mA
Re l a y s 1 2 3 4 5 6

- - Co n f i g u r a t i o n - - - - -
Se r i a l # 123 45
Ut i l i t y 1. 25. 0. 16
Tr a n s i t T i me 1 . 3 8 . 1
Co mmBo a r d 1 . 2 1. 1 9
Re l a y s 2
An a l o g Ou t 1

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

ICONS

1. 2. Message waiting. Press  from main page to view.

Data logging off.

1. 2. Data logging on.

1. 2. 3. 4. USB file downloading.

File download completed.

Download Error.

1. 2. 3. TTFM Echo OK.

TTFM - Low Signal / No Echo, Empty Pipe or high Aeration.

TTFM - No Sensors Attached / Wrong Settings

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

USG/ m MAIN DISPLAY

0.00 The Main Display shows the units selected from the Units/Mode menu, flow
rate or velocity rate being measured, totalizer, totalizer multiplier, and relay
To t 2 0 1 3 0 USG states. The TTFM 6.1 will go to this display after start-up.
Re l a y s 1 2 3 4 5 6

- - Me s s a g e s - - - - - - - - - - MESSAGE ICON
Da t a L o g St o p p e d
L o g Us ed 0. 00000 %
Se n s o r Go o d Press  from the Main Display to view status of the data logger and
error/warning messages provided by the instrument. The Message Icon will
appear on the Main Display if error messages are being generated by the
instrument. Press  to return to the Main Display.

- - St a t u s - - - - - - - - - - - - STATUS
 Ve l o c i t y 0. 00 f t / s
Fl o w 0 . 0 0 USG/ m
Mi n F l o w 4 . 0 0 USG/ m Press  from the Main Display to view Status of the measurement. Press  to
Si g n a l St r e n g t h 1 0 0 % return to the Main Display.
Ex p . SOS 4900 f t / s
Me a s . SOS 4 9 0 0 f t / s

Velocity Displays flow velocity in ft/s or m/s, selected in the

Units/Mode menu.

Flow Displays flow rate in units selected in the Units/Mode

menu. A list of flow rate units is provided in the
Units/Mode section of the manual.

Min Flow Displays a read-only value for the minimum flow

cutoff, in units which match the Flow selection.
Measured flow rates below the Min Flow will result in
the displayed flow rate on the LCD display to be 0.0.
This parameter is used to suppress electrical noise at
zero flow conditions, and it is typically set to the flow
rate equivalent of 0.1 ft/sec in the programmed pipe
size. The Min Flow can be adjusted in the Calibration
menu.

Signal Strength Displays magnitude of signal being received by the

ultrasonic sensors. 100% is the ideal signal strength.
Signal strengths less than 100% could indicate poor
pipe conditions (corrosion), highly aerated water, or
programmed setup parameters which don’t closely
match field conditions. Consideration should be made
to use 1-cross installation method in such cases, if not
already using it.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

- - St a t u s - - - - - - - - - - - - Status (cont.)
 Ve l o c i t y 0. 00 f t / s
Exp. SOS Displays the expected fluid speed of sound
Fl o w 0 . 0 0 USG/ m
Mi n F l o w 4 . 0 0 USG/ m measurement, in units that match the Velocity. The
Si g n a l St r e n g t h 1 0 0 % expected speed of sound is based on the pipe, fluid,
Ex p . SOS 4900 f t / s
and temperature selection in the Setup menu.
Me a s . SOS 4 9 0 0 f t / s

Meas. SOS Displays the measured fluid speed of sound, in units

that match Exp. SOS. The meter calculates this value
based on the time it takes for the signal to arrive from
one transducer to another. Large differences between
expected and measured speed of sound (> 10%)
typically indicate an error in the setup of the
instrument. Verify the following are correct in the
Setup menu and with the physical installation of the
transducers:

- Pipe Material
- Pipe OD
- Pipe Wall Thickness
- Liner Type
- Liner Thickness
- Fluid Type
- Fluid Temperature
- Crossings
- Separation Distance

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

24 HR LOG

Press  from the Main Display to view a formatted flow report. Press  to
scroll down one day or repeatedly to scroll to a specific date. Up to 365 days
will be stored. Newest date will overwrite the oldest. Press  to return to the
Main Display.

IMPORTANT: Inserting a USB drive into the meter while on this screen will
transfer the last 365 days worth of 24 HR Log data to the USB drive in .csv
format.

PASSWORD

The Password (a number from 0000 to 9999) prevents unauthorized access to

the Calibration menu.

From the Main Display press the  key to get to Password. Factory default
password is 0000 and if it has not been changed, this screen will be bypassed
completely.

A new password can be stored by going to the Special Functions New

Password menu.

If a user password is required, press  to place the cursor under the first digit
and  or  to set the number, then  to the second digit, etc. Press  or 
to proceed to the Menu Selections screen.

MENU SELECTIONS

The Menu selections page is used to navigate to specific menus which are
described in more detail on the following pages.

Press  or  to navigate to different menus, and  to enter the selected

menu.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

- - Un i t s / Mo d e - - - - - - - - UNITS/MODE
 Mo d e Fl o w
Li near i n
Vo l u me USG At Mode, press the  and then the  or  to select Flow or Velocity. Flow
Mu l t i p l i e r x1 mode displays the flow rate in engineering units (e.g. gpm, litres/sec, etc.)
De c i ma l s 0
Ve l o c i t y f t / s Press the  to store your selection then the  to the next menu item.
Fl o w USG/ m
De c i ma l s 2
T e mp e r a t u r e F At Linear, press the  key and then the  or  to select your units of
measurement. The Linear units define what units the pipe dimensions and
sensor spacing will be displayed in. Typically inches or mm is selected. Press
the  to store your selection then the  to the next menu item.

At Volume, press the  and then the  or  to select units for volume.
Note: “bbl” denotes US oil barrels. Press the  to store your selection then the
 to the next menu item.

At Multiplier, press the  and then the  or  to select the totalizer

multiplier. Multipliers are used when resolution down to single digit is not
required, or when you don’t want to convert from gallons to thousands of
gallons, as an example. Press  to store your selection then  to the next
menu item.

At Decimals (Volume), press the  and then the  or  to select the

number of decimal points to be present on the totalizer display on the LCD
screen. Default = 0. Options = 0, 1, 2. Press the  to store your selection then
the  to the next menu item.

At Velocity, press the  and then the  or  to select the engineering

units for flow velocity and sonic velocity of the fluid. Press  to store your
selection then  to the next menu item.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

- - Un i t s / Mo d e - - - - - - - - UNITS/MODE (cont.)
 Mo d e Fl o w
Li near i n
Vo l u me USG At Flow, press the  and then the  or  to select the engineering units
Mu l t i p l i e r x1 for flow rate. Press  to store your selection then  to the next menu item.
De c i ma l s 0
Ve l o c i t y f t / s
Fl o w USG/ m
De c i ma l s 2
T e mp e r a t u r e F

Available Flow Rate Engineering Units:

Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description
USG/d US gallons per day L/d liters per day
USG/h US gallons per hour L/h liters per hour
USG/m US gallons per minute L/m liters per minute
USG/s US gallons per second L/s liters per second
ft3/d cubic feet per day m3/d cubic meters per day
ft3/h cubic feet per hour m3/h cubic meters per hour
ft3/m cubic feet per minute m3/m cubic meters per minute
ft3/s cubic feet per second m3/s cubic meters per second
bbl/d barrels per day (1 bbl = 42 USG) IG/d Imperial gallons per day
bbl/h barrels per hour (1 bbl = 42 USG) IG/d Imperial gallons per day
bbl/m barrels per minute (1 bbl = 42 USG) IG/d Imperial gallons per day
bbl/d gal)
barrels per second (1 bbl = 42 USG) IG/d Imperial gallons per day
USMG/d gal)million gallons per day
US IMG/d Imperial million gallons per day
USMG/h US million gallons per hour IMG/h Imperial million gallons per hour
USMG/m US million gallons per minute IMG/m Imperial million gallons per minute
USMG/s US million gallons per second IMG/s Imperial million gallons per second

At Decimals (Flow), press the  and then the  or  to select the number of
decimal points to be present on the flow rate display on the LCD screen.
Default = 2. Options = 0, 1, 2. Press the  to store your selection then the 
to the next menu item.

At Temperature, press the  and then the  or  to select units for

temperature. Press the  to store your selection then the  to go back to
another menu item, or  to exit back to the Menu Selection screen.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

- - Se t u p - - - - - - - - - - - - - SET UP
 Se n s o r SE1 6 B
An g l e 3 7°
Fl u i d Wa t e r Press  or  to position curser at Setup, and  to enter. Use  or  to
T e mp Mo d e Fi x e d position cursor before each menu item and  to enter. When settings are
T e mp 77. 0 F
Pi p e PVC
completed press  to store and  again to return to the Main Menu.
OD 4. 5000 i n
Wa l l 0. 2500 i n
Li ni ng No n e Sensor Select Choose SE16A, SE16B, or SE16C, depending on
Cr o s s i n g s 2 transducers connected to TTFM 6.1.
Ze r o Ta r e No
Se n s Sp a c e 2. 299i n Angle For SE16B only, select angle which matches the
Ve l o c i t y 0. 00 f t / s
transducer pair connected to the TTFM. Options: 35, 37,
Si g n a l
100 %
St r e n g t h
39, and 41.
Angle is determined by the part number on the SE16-B
transducer label. For SE16A and SE16C, Angle should be
37.
Part Number on SE16-B Label Corresponding Transducer Angle
SE16-B-35 35
SE16-B-37 37
SE16-B-39 39
SE16-B-41 41

Fluid Select fluid type.

Vel@25C When Fluid = Other, enter the fluid velocity at 25C from
table or other reference. Engineering units may be m/s
or ft/s depending on Units menu programming.
dV/C When Fluid = Other, Enter fluid velocity adjustment
factor over change in temperature in units of m/s or ft/s
per °C.
Temp Mode Choose Fixed.
Temp Enter fluid operating temperature in displayed
engineering units.
Pipe Select pipe material.
Pipe Vel When Pipe = Other, enter pipe material speed of sound
(consult factory).
OD Highlight the digits and then  or  to change the
numbers and decimal point. Pipe OD should be entered
as the exact outside diameter of the pipe where the
sensor is mounted. Refer to the Pipe Charts Appendix in
this manual for outside diameter of common pipe types
and sizes.
Wall Enter pipe wall thickness. Pipe wall thickness should be
entered as the exact wall thickness of the pipe where the
sensor is mounted. Refer to the Pipe Charts Appendix in
this manual for wall thicknesses of common pipe types
and sizes.
Lining Select liner material.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

- - Se t u p - - - - - - - - - - - - - SET UP (cont.)
 Se n s o r SE1 6 B
An g l e 3 7°
Vel When Lining = Other, enter speed of sound of liner (consult
Fl u i d Wa t e r
T e mp Mo d e Fi x e d factory).
T e mp 77. 0 F
Pi p e PVC Thick When Lining ≠ None, enter liner thickness.
OD 4. 5000 i n
Wa l l 0. 2500 i n
Crossings
Li ni ng No n e Crossings 1 = Z mounting
Cr o s s i n g s 2
Ze r o Ta r e No
Se n s Sp a c e 2. 299i n
Ve l o c i t y 0. 00 f t / s

Si g n a l
St r e n g t h 100 % Crossings 2 = V mounting

Crossings 4 = W mounting

Nominal Pipe Recommended Crossing, Recommended Crossings, Recommended Crossings,

Size, in SE16A SE16B SE16C
0.5-1.5 4 N/A N/A
2-3 2 2 N/A
4-6 2 2 2
8-10 N/A 2 2
12-24 N/A 2 2
26-48 N/A 1 2

Older pipes are often degraded or scaled on the inside.

These conditions can hinder the ability to receive a strong
signal when Crossings = 4 or 2. We suggest starting with
Crossings = 2 or 1, respectively, in these cases.
Zero Tare Used to calibrate zero-flow measured by the TTFM 6.1 in
process. Flow in the pipe should be confirmed as 0 before
enabling, or significant errors in flow accuracy could occur.
Set Calibration/Damping to 0%, and under no flow
conditions and with a full pipe, select Yes to force readings
to zero.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

- - Se t u p - - - - - - - - - - - - - SET UP (cont.)
 Se n s o r SE1 6 B
Sens pace After sensor, angle, fluid, and pipe material are defined, this
An g l e 3 7°
displays the calculated sensor spacing. Also called the
Fl u i d Wa t e r
T e mp Mo d e Fi x e d separation distance. The sensors will be set to this
T e mp 77. 0 F dimension when installed on the pipe, as described later in
Pi p e PVC
OD 4. 5000 i n this manual.
Wa l l 0. 2500 i n
Velocity Displays the measured velocity after the sensors have been
Li ni ng No n e
Cr o s s i n g s 2 connected at the specified separation distance.
Ze r o Ta r e No
Se n s Sp a c e 2. 299i n Signal Strength Displays magnitude of signal being received by the
Ve l o c i t y 0. 00 f t / s ultrasonic sensor. Should be 100% under ideal operating
Si g n a l
100 %
St r e n g t h
conditions. Signal strengths less than 100% do not indicate
that the meter is not reliable, however, the meter may be
more susceptible to complete signal loss should process
conditions like entrapped air worsen. When signal strength
is less than 100%, consideration should be made to using 1-
cross mounting method if this is not the current mounting
mode.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

- - Ca l i b r a t i o n - - - - - - - CALIBRATION
 Mo d e Fl o w
2 0 mA 5 0 0 . 0 0 USG/ m
4 mA 0 . 0 0 USG/ m Press  or  to position curser at Calibration menu, and  to enter. Use  or
L OS T i me 10 s ec  to position cursor before each menu item and  to enter. When settings are
Mi n F l o w 4 . 0 0 USG/ m
completed press  to store and  again to return to the Main Menu.
Da mp i n g
Mo d e FI R
Pe r c e n t 10%
Wi n d o w 1. 0 f t / s Mode Displays the Mode which was selected in the Units/Mode
Ca l Co n s t a n t 1. 00 menu. This is read-only.

20mA Press  then  or  to change the numbers and decimal

point position. Use this menu to set the corresponding flow
rate that will be represented by 20mA analog output. If
maximum flow is unknown, enter an estimated flow rate and
observe actual flow to determine the correct maximum
value. Any velocity or flow rate up to +40 ft/sec (12.0 m/sec)
may be selected.

4mA Press  then  or  to set the flow rate corresponding to

4mA analog output. This setting may be left at zero or can
be raised to any value less than the 20mA setting, or
lowered to any velocity or corresponding flow rate down to
-40 ft/sec (-12 m/sec).

LOS Time Use LOS Time to suppress intermittent loss of signal.

Example: systems with high concentrations of undissolved
gasses will cause fluctuations in signal strength when the
gasses move past the ultrasonic signal. If a complete loss of
signal is experienced, the TTFM 6.1 will hold the last valid
reading for the duration of the LOS Time. If the signal
strength returns before the LOS Time is expired, because the
ultrasonic signal is no longer being impeded, the meter will
return to normal operation automatically. If signal strength
does not return after the LOS Time has expired, then the
meter will report zero flow on the LCD display and outputs
and produce a Low Signal alarm. Default LOS Time is 30
seconds, and the value can be set between 0 and 99
seconds.

Min Flow Flow rates below this setting will be displayed as zero flow.
Default flow rate is ~ 0.1 ft/sec for the pipe size
programmed in the Setup menu.

19
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

- - Ca l i b r a t i o n - - - - - - - CALIBRATION (cont.)
 Mo d e Fl o w
2 0 mA 5 0 0 . 0 0 USG/ m
4 mA 0 . 0 0 USG/ m
Damping
L OS T i me 10 s ec Mode Choose between OFF, FIR (Default), or LOW PASS.
Mi n F l o w 4 . 0 0 USG/ m
Da mp i n g
Mo d e FI R
Pe r c e n t 10%
When measured flows are outside the Window of the
Wi n d o w 1. 0 f t / s running average, the FIR filter will reduce the damping
Ca l Co n s t a n t 1. 00 average so that a fast response can be made to the sudden
change in flow rate.

The LOW PASS filter will ignore measured flow rates outside
the Window, while holding the running average, until there
are enough data points outside the Window to cause a step-
response to the new measured value.

While measured flows are within the Window of the running

average, both the FIR and LOW PASS filter behave the same.

Percent Higher percentages increase the number of measurements

which are averaged together to produce a stable flow
reading. Higher percentages also increase the time it takes
for the meter to make a step-response to the measured flow
rate outside the Window in the LOW PASS Mode.

Window Defines the Window around the running average, in units of

Velocity set in the Units/Mode menu. Measurements made
inside the Window are added to the running average, and
measurements outside the Window effect the response of
the meter as described in the Mode section.

Cal Constant Calibration constant defined when the TTFM was calibrated
at the factory.

Press  to return to Menu Selections.

20
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

- - Re l a y Pa r a me t e r s - - RELAY PARAMETERS
 Re l a y 1
Fu n c t i on Fl o w
On 1 0 0 0 USG Press  or  to position curser at Relay Parameters, and  to enter. Use  or
Of f 0 . 0 0 0 USG  to position cursor before each menu item and  to enter. When settings are
completed press  to store and  again to return to the Main Menu.

Relay Press  and  or  to select a corresponding relay number

(2 relays are standard, 4 additional are optional).

Function Press  or  to select Off, On, Pulse, Direction, or

Flow.

Pulse Press  and set digits to the flow volume

increment required between relay pulses. Use
this feature for remote samplers, chlorinators or
totalizers. Minimum time between pulses is 2.25
seconds and pulse duration is 350 milliseconds.

Return to Relay and change settings for each

relay number.

Press  to return to Menu Selections.

Direction When flow is in the positive direction, the relay

will be disengaged, when flow is negative, the
relay engages.

Note: Rev. Flow in the Special Functions menu

must be ON or INVERT for this to work properly.

Flow Mode Select Pump

Pump mode provides separate On/Off settings

where the relay will energize at one flow rate and
de-energize at another.

On Highlight the numerals and press  or  to

set digits to the required relay On set point.

Off set digits to the required Off set point.

21
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

DATA LOGGING

Press  or  to position curser at Data Logging, and  to enter. Use  or  to

position cursor before each menu item and  to enter. When settings are
completed press  to store and  again to return to the Main Menu.

Log Site ID Enter a number from 00 to 99. The site ID will become part of
the downloaded file name to help distinguish downloads from
different instruments. Press  to store the setting.

Mode Select Velocity (e.g. ft/sec or m/sec) or Flow (e.g. USGPM or

l/sec). Press  to store the setting. This setting cannot be
changed after a log was started. To change, first stop the log,
then change the mode.

File Format Choose .LG2 to download data in .lg2 format for viewing on
Greyline Logger software. Choose .CSV to download data in
.csv format for import directly to Excel. This menu option can
be changed at any time without adversely affecting existing
data.

Date Press , and  or  to scroll and select Month, Day and Year.
Press  to store the setting.

Time Press , and  or  to select the current time in Hours,

Minutes and Seconds. Press  to store the setting.

Interval Press  or  to select the logging interval. Press  to store

the setting. Pulsar Measurement recommends choosing an
interval which will give you as much resolution as required and
no more. Choosing too often of an interval for what is required
will result in larger data files, which may take a long time to
download to USB. Reference page 18 for specific download
times. In critical installations, data should be downloaded often.

Data Log Stop, Start or Delete the log file. Press  or  to select Delete
and  to delete the log file. Press  or  to select Start and 
to start the logger.

Important Note: You MUST Delete an old log and Start a new log AFTER
having made changes to Log Site ID, Mode, Date, Time and/or Interval for
those changes to be applied.

Important Note: Changing any of the parameters in the Units/Mode menu

will start a new log. It is recommended that you Delete and start a new log
after changing any Units/Mode settings.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

RETRIEVING LOG FILE

Plug a USB Flash Memory Drive (one is included with the TTFM 6.1) into the USB
output port on the Panel of the meter. The instrument display will show the data
download icon until the log file is transferred to the memory card. The USB flash
drive may be removed when the icon for download successful appears.

Download file names will appear in this format:

Tag is set according to the Log Site ID entered in the instrument Data Logging
menu.

Download letter will be A for the first download from an instrument. B for the
second, then C etc. At the letter Z a - character will appear indicating that the
maximum number of downloads for that instrument are on the USB flash drive.
Older files can be erased or moved from the flash memory drive or a new
memory drive can be used.

Note: Downloading files in .lg2 format will take approximately 35 seconds per
1% of internal log memory used.
Downloading files in .csv format will take approximately 8 minutes per 1%
of internal log memory used.

OPENING .LG2 FILES

Install Greyline Logger on your PC or laptop. Select File/Open/Instrument Log
(.log) to open the log file from your USB flash drive. Greyline Logger Software is
available for download on the Pulsar Measurement website,
www.pulsarmeasurement.com/downloads. Data can also be converted to .CSV
via Greyline Logger software.

OPENING .CSV FILES

Use a datasheet program such as Microsoft Excel® to import data in a comma
delimited format. Use Excel to manipulate or graph data.

23
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

COMMUNICATION (Optional)

Press  or  to position curser at Communication, and  to enter. Use  or 

to position cursor before each menu item and  to enter. When settings are
completed press  to store and  again to return to the Main Menu.

MODBUS Protocol Information:

Transceiver: 2-wire, half-duplex
Data format: 8 Data Bits
Floating Point Byte ABCD
Order:
Termination: Jumper JP1 selectable 120Ω resistor. TB1 & TB2 =
OFF, TB2 & TB3 = ON
Biasing: None

HART® (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) Protocol Information:

HART Version: 7.0

Device DD files allow the user’s handheld HART

Description communicator to fully configure the TTFM 6.1 Pulsar
Measurement provides DD files for the Emerson 475
Files:
Communicator. The files are included in the USB
drive provided with your TTFM 6.1 meter. You may
also request the files from Pulsar Measurement by
calling or emailing us at
[email protected].
Warning: The TTFM 6.1 and associated DDs are
pending certification from the Fieldcomm Group.

Connections: HART Protocol uses a digital signal superimposed on

the 4-20mA output. When the 4-20mA output of the
TTFM 6.1 is connected with a load resistor (230Ω to
600Ω), the HART communicator can be connected
on the loop in order to communicate.

24
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

COMMUNICATION (Optional) (cont.)

Protocol Choose MODBUS or HART.

Address Device address for the TTFM. Valid range: 001-247

(Modbus) (Default: 001). This number should be unique across the
bus. Press  or  to scroll,  to select digits, and
press  to store the setting.
BPS Baud rate for the MODBUS communications. Press 
(Modbus) or  to select, and  to store the setting. Options:
4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 76800, and 115200
(Default: 9600).

Parity Error checking parity for the MODBUS communications.

(Modbus) Press  or  to select, and  to store the setting.
Options: None, Even, and Odd (Default: Even).

Stop Bits Press  or  to select, and  to store the setting.

(Modbus) Options: 1 or 2 (Default: 1).

Note: The Modbus register table, and HART configuration instructions can
be found in separate TTFM 6.1 Serial Communications Manual.

25
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

- - Sp e c i a l F u n c t i o n s - SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
 Language En g l i s h
An a l o g Ou t 4 - 2 0 mA
Ba c k l i g h t Hi g h Press  or  to position curser at Special Functions, and  to enter. Use  or
Re s e t T o t a l i z e r NO  to position cursor before each menu item and  to enter. When settings are
Ne g . T o t a l s NO
Re v . F l o w OF F completed press  to store and  again to return to the Main Menu.
Ca p t u r e Pa r NO
Ca p t u r e WF NO
Re s t o r e De f a u l t s NO Language Select English, French or Spanish
Ne w Pa s s wo r d 0000

Analog Out Select 4-20mA or 0-5V mode for the analog

output.

Backlight Select High, Medium or Low for continuous

backlight brightness.

Select Key Hi/Lo for high backlight lasting 1

minute after a keypress, and then Lo backlight
until a key is pressed again.

Select Key High, Med or Low for backlight

lasting 1 minute after a keypress and then
backlight off until a key is pressed again.

Reset Totalizer Select Yes to erase and restart the totalizer at

zero.
Negative Totals Select Yes to have reverse flow readings
deducted from the totalizer. Select No to
totalize forward flow only and ignore reverse flow.

Rev. Flow Select On to enable flow direction

measurement. Select Off to disable flow
direction measurement so that flow in either
direction is displayed and output as positive
values.
Select Invert to invert the sense of the flow
measurement.

Capture Par This function captures the programming

parameters in the meter. Select Yes, wait for Insrt
USB to appear, then insert a USB drive into the
USB port to transfer the parameters. After Saving
flashes, Done will appear on the screen, meaning
it is safe to remove the USB.

26
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

- - Sp e c i a l F u n c t i o n s - SPECIAL FUNCTIONS (cont.)

 Language En g l i s h
An a l o g Ou t 4 - 2 0 mA
Ba c k l i g h t Hi g h Capture WF This function should only be used when instructed by a
Re s e t T o t a l i z e r NO Pulsar Measurement representative to do so. The
Ne g . T o t a l s NO
function captures the ultrasonic signal so that it can be
Re v . F l o w OF F
Ca p t u r e Pa r NO evaluated by Pulsar Measurement.
Ca p t u r e WF NO
Re s t o r e De f a u l t s NO
Ne w Pa s s wo r d 0000 Select Yes to start the waveform download process.
After pressing Yes , the screen will flash Working for
approximately 20 seconds, until the message Insrt USB
appears. When Insrt USB is on the screen, connect a
flash drive to the USB port on the front of the meter.
The screen will flash Saving for a couple seconds, and
then return to Done . The waveform is now stored on
your flash drive and ready to be sent to Pulsar
Measurement.

Restore Defaults Select Yes to erase all user settings and return the
instrument to factory default settings. Note: does not
reset factory calibration values.

New Password Select any number from 0000 to 9999. Default setting
of 0000 will allow direct access to the calibration
menus. Setting any password other than 0000 will
require the password to be entered to access the
calibration menus.

Press  to return to Menu Selections.

27
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SIMULATION

Press  or  to position curser at Simulation, and  to enter. Use  or  to

position cursor before each menu item and  to enter. When settings are
completed press  to store and  again to return to the Main Menu.

Changes made in the Simulation menu exercise the 4-20mA output, digital
display and control relays.

Simulate a Flow /Velocity reading. Press  and then  or  to change the

simulated output. Press  to begin simulation. The 4-20mA output and relay
states will be displayed on the screen below.

Press the  to terminate simulation and return to the Menu Selections screen.

28
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

TYPICAL SE16A SENSOR INSTALLATION

2 or 4 Cross Separation Distance

SEPARATION*
Reference DISTANCE
Transducer Transducer

* Shown in ‘Se t u p ’ menu after sensor, fluid and pipe parameters are entered.

Separation distance is measured from transducer face to transducer face.

Reference transducer is placed flush to bracket.

Mount the supplied SE16A Series Transducers on pipes 0.5" / 15 mm OD or larger.

Transducers should be installed with the cable connections pointed away from
each other.

29
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

TYPICAL SE16B SENSOR INSTALLATION

2 Cross Separation Distance

SEPARATION*
DISTANCE

TRANSDUCER TRANSDUCER

1 Cross Separation Distance

SEPARATION*
DISTANCE

TRANSDUCER

TRANSDUCER

* Shown in ‘Se t u p ’ menu after sensor, fluid and pipe parameters are entered.

TMK-B1 transducer mounting kit shown. Sensor spacing method is consistent

with TMK-B21 and TMK-B22 kits, but the brackets will be different.

Arrows on top of transducers should be pointed towards each other:

30
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

TYPICAL SE16C SENSOR INSTALLATION

2 Cross Separation Distance

SEPARATION*
DISTANCE

0 i nc h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Cross Separation Distance

SEPARATION*
DISTANCE

*Shown in ‘ Se t u p ’ menu after sensor, fluid and pipe parameters are entered.

TMK-C1 transducer mounting kit shown. Sensor spacing method is consistent

with TMK-C1 or TMK-C2 kits.

Angles on the back of the transducers should be facing away from each other.

31
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SE16A Pipe Preparation and Bracket Mounting

Prepare an area 2" wide by 10" long (50mm x 250mm) for the track mounting bracket by removing loose paint,
scale and rust. The objective of site preparation is to eliminate any discontinuity between the sensor and the pipe
wall, which would prevent acoustical coupling. A sanding block is included with every meter to facilitate proper
pipe preparation.

A Sensor Mounting Kit is supplied with each flow meter. It includes recommended coupling tape and compound,
and a stainless-steel mounting bracket with adjustable pipe straps. Use the built-in ruler to easily measure
separation distance between transducer faces.

IMPORTANT: Coupling tape is recommended for installations where the sensors cannot easily be accessed in the
future to reapply coupling compound, or in installations where the coupling compound may wear away faster
than normal (>250 deg F or where submersion is frequent). The coupling tape is subject to greater signal
attenuation than the coupling compound, so using coupling compound is recommended when it is possible to
periodically reapply the coupling in the future. If you would prefer a maintenance free installation, you can use the
coupling tape at initial installation, but may need to switch to coupling compound if you do not have a strong
enough signal.

IMPORTANT: The SE16-A transit-time transducers should be installed with the cable connections pointed away
from each other, as shown in the drawing below.

TRANSDUCER
END VIEW

PIPE
PE
PI

ADJUSTABLE
STAINLESS
ST EEL STRAP

Mount the supplied SE16A Series Transducers on

pipes 0.5" / 15 mm OD or larger.

SIDE VIEW

x SIDE VIEW

SIDE VIEW SIDE VIEW

32
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SE16B Pipe Preparation and Bracket Mounting

Prepare an area 2" wide by 4" long (50mm x 100mm) for each sensor bonding by removing loose paint, scale and
rust. The objective of site preparation is to eliminate any discontinuity between the sensor and the pipe wall,
which would prevent acoustical coupling. A sanding block is included with every meter to facilitate proper pipe
preparation.

A Sensor Mounting Kit is supplied with each flow meter. It includes recommended coupling tape and compound,
and a stainless steel mounting bracket with adjustable pipe straps. Use the Alignment Bar (included) to align
sensor brackets for V and W mode mounting.

IMPORTANT: Coupling tape is recommended for installations where the sensors cannot easily be accessed in the
future to reapply coupling compound, or in installations where the coupling compound may wear away faster
than normal (>250 deg F or where submersion is frequent). The coupling tape is subject to greater signal
attenuation than the coupling compound, so using coupling compound is recommended when it is possible to
periodically reapply the coupling in the future. If you would prefer a maintenance free installation, you can use the
coupling tape at initial installation, but may need to switch to coupling compound if you do not have a strong
enough signal.

IMPORTANT: The SE16-B transit-time transducers have arrows on the top of them. These should face each other
at installation.

TRANSDUCER

ALIGNMENT BAR

TRANSDUCER
MOUNTING
ADJUSTABLE BRACKET
PIPE STAINLESS STEEL
PIPE CLAMP

Mount the Mounting Bracket as illustrated on pipes 2" / 50 mm OD or larger. Stainless steel bands
are included for mounting on pipes up to 30" / 750 mm OD.

Additional stainless steel bands (provided by customer) may be combined to mount on larger pipes.
TMK-B1 Installation Kit shown.

SIDE VIEW SIDE VIEW

33
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SE16C Pipe Preparation and Bracket Mounting

Prepare an area 2" wide by 4" long (50mm x 100mm) for each sensor bonding by removing loose paint, scale and
rust. The objective of site preparation is to eliminate any discontinuity between the sensor and the pipe wall,
which would prevent acoustical coupling. A sanding block is included with every meter to facilitate proper pipe
preparation.

A Sensor Mounting Kit is supplied with each flow meter. It includes recommended coupling tape and compound,
and a stainless-steel mounting bracket with adjustable pipe straps. Use the Alignment Bar (included) to align
sensor brackets for V and W mode mounting.

IMPORTANT: Coupling tape is recommended for installations where the sensors cannot easily be accessed in the
future to reapply coupling compound, or in installations where the coupling compound may wear away faster
than normal (>250 deg F or where submersion is frequent). The coupling tape is subject to greater signal
attenuation than the coupling compound, so using coupling compound is recommended when it is possible to
periodically reapply the coupling in the future. If you would prefer a maintenance free installation, you can use the
coupling tape at initial installation, but may need to switch to coupling compound if you do not have a strong
enough signal.

IMPORTANT: The SE16C transit-time transducers do not have arrows on top of them. The cable connection
points should be facing away from each other at installation.

END VIEW
0 in ch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Transducer

ADJUSTABLE
STAINLESS PIPE PIPE
PIPE
STRAP

SIDE VIEW x SIDE VIEW

SIDE VIEW SIDE VIEW

34
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SENSOR COUPLING

For permanent bonding, the following are recommended:

IMPORTANT: Coupling tape is recommended for installations where the sensors cannot easily be accessed in the
future to reapply coupling compound, or in installations where the coupling compound may wear away faster
than normal (>250 deg F or where submersion is frequent). The coupling tape is subject to greater signal
attenuation than the coupling compound, so using coupling compound is recommended when it is possible to
periodically reapply the coupling in the future. If you would prefer a maintenance free installation, you can use the
coupling tape at initial installation, but may need to switch to coupling compound if you do not have a strong
enough signal.

1a) Coupling Tape (supplied) Additional supply: Option CT.

1b) Super Lube® (supplied)
Additional supply: order Option CC-SL30 or your local home improvement store.
For temporary bonding, the following are recommended:
c) Electrocardiograph gel
d) Petroleum gel (Vaseline)
DO NOT USE: Silicon RTV caulking compound (silicon rubber).

Use the pipe clamp and alignment bar (supplied) as illustrated on previous page.
Apply Super Lube® to the colored face of the sensor. A bead, similar to toothpaste
on a toothbrush, is ideal. Do not overtighten (crush the sensor).

Cut the coupling tape to the length of one transducer. Remove the backing paper
from one side of the tape, and apply it to the face of the transducer, as shown to
SEN
SOR the left. Remove the remaining backing paper from the other side of the coupling
tape, and you are ready to insert the transducer into the mounting bracket.

The sensor must be fixed securely to the pipe with coupling material
between the sensor face and the pipe. Sensor installation with excessive
coupling compound can result in gaps or voids in the coupling and cause
errors or loss of signal. Insufficient coupling compound will create similar
conditions.

Over time temporary coupling compounds (e.g. Petroleum Gel) may gradually sag away from the sensor resulting
in reduced signal strength and finally complete loss of signal. Warm temperatures, moisture and vibration will
accelerate this process. Coupling tape and Super Lube® as supplied with the TTFM 6.1 (and available from Pulsar
Measurement or home improvement stores) is recommended for permanent installations.

35
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Transducer Installation in Wet Locations (SE16B and

SE16A)

The TTFM 6.1 Transit Time Flowmeter transducers are rated

for accidental submersion up to 10 psi (0.75 bar). The
flowmeter will continue to operate and measure flow
accurately during periods of submergence. Plastic seal
jackets on the cables, as well as the BNC connectors, must
be filled with coupling compound to provide additional
moisture protection for the BNC cable connectors.

Transducer Installation in Wet Locations (SE16C)

The TTFM 6.1 Transit Time Flowmeter transducers are rated

IP67 for accidental submersion up to 1 meter in depth (3.3
feet) for up to 30 minutes. The flowmeter will continue to
operate and measure flow accurately during periods of
submergence. The provided couplings on the transducer
and transducer cable should be tightened to ensure a
proper seal. We suggest using Teflon tape on threads
connecting the transducer to the coupler.

36
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SENSOR MOUNTING LOCATION

The position of the sensor is one of the most important considerations for accurate flow measurement. The same
location guidelines apply to Transit Time as most other flow meter technologies.

VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL PIPE - Vertical pipe runs are

acceptable, and the transducers can be mounted in any
orientation around the pipe. Downward flow should be
avoided in case the pipe becomes partially filled or aerated.
On Horizontal pipes and liquids with high concentrations of
gas or solids, the sensors should be mounted on the side (1
to 5 o’clock positions) to avoid concentrations of gas at the
top of the pipe, or solids at the bottom.

STRAIGHT RUN REQUIREMENTS – For best results, the

transducers must be installed on a straight run of pipe,
free of bends, tees, valves, transitions, insertion probes
and obstructions of any kind. For most installations, ten
straight unobstructed pipe diameters upstream and
five diameters downstream of the transducers is the
minimum recommended distance for proper
operation. Additional considerations are outlined below.

• Do not, if possible, install the transducers downstream from a throttling valve, a mixing tank, the discharge of a
positive displacement pump or any other equipment that could possibly aerate the liquid. The best location will
be as free as possible from flow disturbances, vibration, sources of heat, noise, or radiated energy.

• Avoid mounting the transducers on a section of pipe with any external scale. Remove all scale, rust, loose paint,
etc., from the location prior to mounting the transducers. A sanding block is included with every meter to
facilitate proper pipe preparation.

• Do not mount the transducers on a surface aberration (pipe seam, etc.).

• Do not mount transducers from different ultrasonic flow meters on the same pipe.

• Do not run the transducer triaxial cables in common bundles with cables from other instrumentation. You can
run these cables through a common conduit ONLY if they originate at the same flow meter.

• Never mount transducers under water.

IMPORTANT NOTE: In some cases, longer straight runs may be necessary where the transducers are placed
downstream from devices which cause unusual flow profile disruptions or swirl. For example: modulating valves, or
two elbows in close proximity and out of plane.

37
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SEPARATION DISTANCE (Sensor Spacing Distance)

Separation distance is automatically calculated by the TTFM 6.1 based on parameters entered in the Setup menu.
Sens Space is a parameter where this distance is given and is located in the Setup menu. Document this value for
the following transducer installation procedure.

2 or 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16A Transducers TMK-A1 Kit

1. Prep the pipe per instructions on page 30 and mind the installation location requirements on page 32.
Clean the location where the mounting track is to be installed.

2. Install the stainless steel mounting track on the pipe. Place the tightening brackets near the center, as the
transducers are inserted from the outside of them.

38
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

2 or 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16A Transducers TMK-A1 Kit (Cont.)

3. Apply a small amount of coupling compound on the first transducer and place this transducer in the
“reference” position. This is the position where the face of the transducer aligns with the 0 inch or 0 mm
mark on the built-in ruler. Tighten this transducer down using the built-in tightening bracket. Do not
over-tighten the screw.

39
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

2 or 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16A Transducers TMK-A1 Kit (Cont.)

4. Apply a small amount of coupling compound on the second transducer and place this transducer at the
separation distance provided in the Setup menu of the TTFM. Tighten this transducer down using the
built-in tightening bracket. Do not over-tighten the screw.

5. Coupling compound only: If you need to make fine adjustments (±0.1”) to the spacing at this point, you
may do so by loosening the tightening screw slightly, sliding the second transducer, then re-tightening it.

40
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SEPARATION DISTANCE (Sensor Spacing Distance)

Separation distance is automatically calculated by the TTFM 6.1 based on parameters entered in the Setup menu.
Sens Space is a parameter where this distance is given, and it is located in the Setup menu. Document this value
for the following transducer installation procedure.

2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B TMK-B1 Kit

1. Prep the pipe per instructions on page 29 and mind the installation location requirements on page 32.
Clean the location where the sensor is to be mounted on the opposite side of the pipe after we’ve marked
where it will be installed. Picture below shows a very clean ductile iron pipe which did not require much
cleaning. The outside paint is very well bonded and did not need to be removed:

2. Install the stainless-steel mounting brackets on the pipe. Position them at approximately the correct
separation distance. Exact measurement is not required at this time. Tip: Use a 5/16” nut driver to tighten
the hose clamps.

Procedure continued on the next page…

41
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

3. Use alignment bar to ensure the brackets are parallel. Completion of steps 2 & 3 is shown below.

4. Mark the position of the permanent bracket on the pipe. This is the bracket that will not be adjusted and
will be used as the reference for the separation distance and alignment. It is your choice which bracket is
permanent. With a marker, mark the bracket position by placing the mark directly in front of the stainless
side-rail.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

5. Measure the separation distance from the mark you created in step 4 and create a new mark on the pipe
at the separation distance. It may be useful to mark your tape measure (included with every meter) at the
separation distance point before marking the pipe. The marked pipe is shown below.

6. Move the non-permanent bracket to position at the mark you created at step 5 and tighten it completely.
Apply coupling compound to the transducers and install them in the brackets.

Tips for installing transducers:

a. Be sure the red knob on the brackets are loosened completely
b. Put the transducer into the bracket by ensuring the bottom of the transducer and the couplant
does not touch the pipe as you slide it in. (Hover)
c. With the transducer hovering, tighten the red knob on the bracket until tight. The transducer will
be level with the surface of the pipe, and no coupling will have moved.

(pictures of proper coupling application and finished installation on the next page)

43
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

Proper coupling compound or tape application:

Finished installation, ready for cable connection:

7. Coupling compound only: If you need to make fine adjustments (±0.25”) to the spacing at this point, you
may do so by loosening the hose clamps slightly and sliding the brackets while the transducers are
installed inside them. Tighten hose clamps when done.

44
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SEPARATION DISTANCE (Sensor Spacing Distance)

Separation distance is automatically calculated by the TTFM 6.1 based on parameters entered in the Setup menu.
Sens Space is a parameter where this distance is given, and it is located in the Setup menu. Document this value
for the following transducer installation procedure.

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit

To assist with the proper installation of the transducers in a 1 cross installation, we provide a kit with every meter,
which consists of the following:
 Sanding block
 Tape measure
 Mylar sleeve
 Duct tape
 Level
 Black Sharpie

Follow along with the 1 cross installation instructions on the following pages for a description of where to use
these tools.
1. Prep the pipe per instructions on page 29 and mind the installation location requirements on page 32.
Clean the location where the sensor is to be mounted on the opposite side of the pipe after we’ve marked
where it will be installed. The picture below shows a very clean ductile iron pipe which did not require
much cleaning.

45
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

2. Install one of the stainless steel mounting brackets on the pipe. This will be the stationary bracket not
being rotated to the opposite side of the pipe. For a horizontal pipe, position the bracket at 3 or 9 o’clock.
Hold the level up to the top of the bracket to ensure the angle is correct. For vertical pipes, the bracket
can be at any orientation about the pipe. Tip: Use a 5/16” nut driver to tighten the hose clamp. Install the
second bracket at approximately the distance specified by the Sens Space value in the Setup menu.

3. Use alignment bar to ensure that the brackets are parallel. Completion of steps 2 and 3 is shown below.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

4. Mark the position of the bracket on the pipe. Mark both where the front of the bracket is, as well as the
center of the bracket.

5. Measure the separation distance from the marks you created in step 4 and create new marks on the pipe
at the separation distance. It may be useful to mark your tape measure at the separation distance before
holding it up to and marking the pipe.

47
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

6. Using the mylar sleeve included with the installation kit, wrap it around the pipe, keep it taut, and with the
Sharpie, draw a line anywhere the sleeve overlaps:

7. Lay the mylar sleeve flat, use duct tape to help hold it flat if you need to, and use the tape measure to
measure half way between the two marks created when you wrapped the mylar around the pipe:

48
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

8. Position the marked mylar back on the pipe, with the overlap marks on the center line of the transducer
bracket that will be rotated to the other side of the pipe. Be sure the mylar is parallel with the face of the
transducer. Use duct tape to hold the mylar together and to the pipe. While the mylar is in this position,
mark the opposite side of the pipe where the mylar is marked from step 7:

49
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

9. Sand the pipe at this position if it needs to be prepped because of scale or rust. After prepped, move the
bracket to this 1 cross mark, and tighten it in place. Apply coupling compound to the transducers and
place them in the brackets:

Tips for installing transducers:

a. Be sure the red knob on the brackets are loosened completely.
b. Put the transducer into the bracket by ensuring the bottom of the transducer and the couplant
does not touch the pipe as you slide it in (hover).
c. With the transducer hovering, tighten the red knob on the bracket until tight. The transducer will
be level with the surface of the pipe, and no coupling will have moved.

Proper coupling compound or tape application:

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B1 Kit (Cont.)

Finished installation:

10. Coupling compound only: If you need to make fine adjustments (±0.25”) to the spacing at this point, you
may do so by loosening the hose clamps slightly and sliding the brackets while the transducers are
installed inside them. Tighten the hose clamps when done.

51
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SEPARATION DISTANCE (Sensor Spacing Distance)

Separation distance is automatically calculated by the TTFM 6.1 based on parameters entered in the Setup menu.
Sens Space is a parameter where this distance is given and is located in the Setup menu. Document this value for
the following transducer installation procedure.

2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit

1. Prep the pipe per instructions on page 29 and mind the installation location requirements on page 32.
Clean the location where the sensor is to be mounted on the opposite side of the pipe after we’ve marked
where it will be installed. Picture below shows a very clean ductile iron pipe which did not require much
cleaning. The outside paint is very well bonded and did not need to be removed:

52
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW - SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

2. Install the spacer bar onto the right bracket as shown below:

3. Insert the spacer bar into the left bracket and position the bracket at the separation distance referenced
earlier. Tighten the spacer bar clamp at this position:

53
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW - SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

4. Place the bracket assembly on the pipe, tighten it in place with the two hose clamps:

5. Apply coupling compound to the transducers and install them in the brackets.

Tips for installing transducers:

a. Be sure the tightening Philips screw on the top of the bracket is loosened completely.
b. Put the transducer into the bracket by ensuring the bottom of the transducer and the couplant
does not touch the pipe as you slide it in. (Hover)
c. Tighten the Phillips screws on the bracket until tight. The transducer will be level with the surface
of the pipe, and no coupling will have moved.

(pictures of proper coupling application and finished installation on the next page)

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

2 OR 4 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW - SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

Proper coupling compound or tape application:

Finished installation, ready for cable and conduit connection:

6. Coupling compound only: If you need to make fine adjustments (±0.25”) to the spacing at this point, you
may do so by loosening the hose clamps slightly and sliding the brackets while the transducers are
installed inside them. Tighten hose clamps when done.

55
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SEPARATION DISTANCE (Sensor Spacing Distance)

Separation distance is automatically calculated by the TTFM 6.1 based on parameters entered in the Setup menu.
Sens Space is a parameter where this distance is given, and it is located in the Setup menu. Document this value
for the following transducer installation procedure.

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit

To assist with the proper installation of the transducers in a 1 cross installation, we provide a kit with every meter,
which consists of the following:
 Sanding block
 Tape measure
 Mylar sleeve
 Duct tape
 Level
 Black Sharpie

Follow along with the 1 cross installation instructions on the following pages for a description of where to use
these tools.
1. Prep the pipe per instructions on page 29 and mind the installation location requirements on page 32.
Clean the location where the sensor is to be mounted on the opposite side of the pipe after we’ve marked
where it will be installed. The picture below shows a very clean ductile iron pipe which did not require
much cleaning.

56
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

2. Install the spacer bar onto the right bracket as shown below:

3. Insert the spacer bar into the left bracket and position the bracket at the separation distance referenced
earlier. Tighten the spacer bar clamp at this position:

57
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

4. Place the bracket assembly on the pipe, tighten it in place with the two hose clamps. For a horizontal pipe,
position the bracket at 3 or 9 o’clock. Hold the level up to the top of the bracket to ensure the angle is
correct. For vertical pipes, the bracket can be at any orientation about the pipe. Tip: Use a 5/16” nut driver
to tighten the hose clamp.

5. Mark the position of the center line of the bracket which is to be moved to the opposite side of the pipe.
It is up to you to determine which bracket is easier to move from the current position:

58
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

6. Using the mylar sleeve included with the installation kit, wrap it around the pipe, keep it taut, and with the
Sharpie, draw a line anywhere the sleeve overlaps:

7. Lay the mylar sleeve flat, and use the tape measure to measure half way between the two marks created
when you wrapped the mylar around the pipe:

59
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

8. Position the marked mylar back on the pipe, with the overlap marks on the center line of the transducer
bracket that will be rotated to the other side of the pipe. Be sure the mylar is parallel with the face of the
transducer. Use duct tape to hold the mylar together and to the pipe. While the mylar is in this position,
mark the opposite side of the pipe where the mylar is marked from step 7:

60
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

9. Sand the pipe at this position if it needs to be prepped because of scale or rust. After prepped, move the
bracket to this 1 cross mark, and tighten it in place. Apply coupling compound to the transducers and
place them in the brackets:

View from front of pipe:

View from back of pipe:

Tips for installing transducers:

a. Be sure the tightening screws on the brackets are loosened completely.
b. Put the transducer into the bracket by ensuring the bottom of the transducer and the couplant
does not touch the pipe as you slide it in (hover).

61
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16B Transducers TMK-B21 or TMK-B22 Kit (Cont.)

c. With the transducer hovering, tighten the screws on the bracket until tight. The transducer will be
level with the surface of the pipe, and no coupling will have moved from inserting the transducer
in the bracket.

Proper coupling compound or tape application:

Finished installation:

10. Coupling compound only: If you need to make fine adjustments (±0.25”) to the spacing at this point, you
may do so by loosening the pipe clamps slightly and sliding the brackets while the transducers are
installed inside them. Tighten the pipe clamps when done.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SEPARATION DISTANCE (Sensor Spacing Distance)

Separation distance is automatically calculated by the TTFM 6.1 based on parameters entered in the Setup menu.
Sens Space is a parameter where this distance is given, and it is located in the Setup menu. Document this value
for the following transducer installation procedure.

2 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16C Transducers TMK-C1 or TMK-C2 Kit

1. Prep the pipe per instructions on page 32 and mind the installation location requirements on page 35.
Clean the location where the sensor is to be mounted on the opposite side of the pipe after we’ve marked
where it will be installed. Picture below shows a very clean carbon steel pipe which did not require much
cleaning:

2. Install the stainless steel mounting brackets on the pipe. Position them at approximately the correct
separation distance. Exact measurement is not required at this time. Tip: Use a 5/16” nut driver to tighten
the pipe clamps.

Procedure continued on the next page…

63
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

3. Use the built-in alignment bar with ruler to set the bracket spacing to the separation distance provided in
the Setup menu. One transducer is placed at the 0”/0mm reference position, and the other at the
separation distance from the Setup menu. For TMK-C2 kits, use the alignment bar extension to reach
further separation distances.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

4. Tighten the assembly in place with the two hose clamps

5. Apply coupling compound or tape to the transducers, insert them into the brackets, and tighten them in
place with hand screws.

Tips for installing transducers:

a. Be sure the tightening screw on the top of the bracket is loosened completely before attempting
to insert the transducers.
b. Put the transducer into the bracket by ensuring the bottom of the transducer and the couplant
does not touch the pipe as you slide it in. (Hover as you insert it)
c. Tighten the screws on the bracket until tight. The transducer will be level with the surface of the
pipe.

6. Coupling compound only: If you need to make fine adjustments (±0.25”) to the spacing at this point, you
may do so by loosening the hose clamps slightly and sliding the brackets while the transducers are
installed inside them. Tighten hose clamps when done.

65
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SEPARATION DISTANCE (Sensor Spacing Distance)

Separation distance is automatically calculated by the TTFM 6.1 based on parameters entered in the Setup menu.
Sens Space is a parameter where this distance is given, and it is located in the Setup menu. Document this value
for the following transducer installation procedure.

1 CROSS INSTALLATION OVERVIEW – SE16C Transducers TMK-C1 or TMK-C2 Kit

To assist with the proper installation of the transducers in a 1 cross installation, we provide a kit with every meter,
which consists of the following:
 Sanding block
 Tape measure
 Mylar sleeve
 Duct tape
 Level
 Black Sharpie

Follow along with the 1 cross installation instructions on the following pages for a description of where to use
these tools
1. Prep the pipe per instructions on page 32 and mind the installation location requirements on page 35.
Clean the location where the sensor is to be mounted on the opposite side of the pipe after we’ve marked
where it will be installed. Picture below shows a very clean carbon steel pipe which did not require much
cleaning:

66
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

2. Install the stainless steel mounting brackets on the pipe. Position them at approximately the correct
separation distance. Exact measurement is not required at this time. Tip: Use a 5/16” nut driver to tighten
the hose clamps.

3. Use the built-in alignment bar with ruler to set the bracket spacing to the separation distance provided in
the Setup menu. One transducer is placed at the 0”/0mm reference position, and the other at the
separation distance from the Setup menu. For TMK-C2 kits, use the alignment bar extension to reach
further separation distances.

67
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

4. Tighten the assembly in place with the two hose clamps. For a horizontal pipe, position the bracket at 3 or
9 o’clock. Hold the level up to the top of the bracket to ensure the angle is correct. For vertical pipes, the
bracket can be at any orientation about the pipe. Use a 5/16” nut driver to tighten the hose clamps:

5. Mark the position of the center line of the bracket which is to be moved to the opposite side of the pipe.
It is up to you to determine which bracket is easier to move from the current position:

68
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

6. Using the mylar sleeve included with the installation kit, wrap it around the pipe, keep it taut, and with the
Sharpie, draw a line anywhere the sleeve overlaps:

7. Lay the mylar sleeve flat, and use the tape measure to measure half way between the two marks created
when you wrapped the mylar around the pipe:

69
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

8. Position the marked mylar back on the pipe, with the overlap marks on the center line of the transducer
bracket that will be rotated to the other side of the pipe. Be sure the mylar is parallel with the face of the
transducer. Use duct tape to hold the mylar together and to the pipe. While the mylar is in this position,
mark the opposite side of the pipe where the mylar is marked from step 7:

9. Sand the pipe at this position if it needs to be prepped because of scale or rust. After prepped, move the
bracket to this 1 cross mark, and tighten it in place. Apply coupling compound to the transducers and
place them in the brackets.

Tips for installing transducers:

a. Be sure the tightening screw on the top of the bracket is loosened completely before attempting
to insert the transducers.
b. Put the transducer into the bracket by ensuring the bottom of the transducer and the couplant
does not touch the pipe as you slide it in. (Hover as you insert it)
c. Tighten the screws on the bracket until tight. The transducer will be level with the surface of the
pipe.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

10. Coupling compound only: If you need to make fine adjustments (±0.25”) to the spacing at this point, you
may do so by loosening the hose clamps slightly, and sliding the brackets while the transducers are
installed inside them. Tighten hose clamps when done.

71
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SENSOR MOUNTING/COUPLING RECOMMENDATIONS

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

ENCLOSURE INSTALLATION

Locate the enclosure within 25 ft (7.6 m) of the sensors (up to 100 ft - 30 m optional). The enclosure can be wall
mounted with the four mounting screws (included) or panel mounted with Option PM Panel Mount kit from Pulsar
Measurement.

Avoid mounting the enclosure in direct sunlight to protect the electronics from damage due to overheating and
condensate. In high humidity atmospheres, or where temperatures fall below freezing, Option TH Enclosure
Heater and Thermostat is recommended. IMPORTANT: Seal conduit entries to prevent moisture from entering
enclosure.

NEMA4X (IP66) WITH CLEAR COVER

1. Open hinged enclosure cover.

2. Insert #12 screws (supplied) through the four enclosure mounting holes to
secure the enclosure to the wall or mounting stand.

Additional conduit holes can be cut in the bottom of the enclosure when required.
Use a hole saw or Greenlee-type hole cutter to cut the required holes.

IMPORTANT: DO NOT make conduit/wiring entries into the top or sides of the
enclosure.

Note: This non-metallic enclosure does not automatically provide

7.4 " / 188 mm
6.46 " / 164 mm 5.12" / 130 mm
grounding between conduit connections. Grounding must be provided as
part of the installation. Ground in accordance with the requirements of the
National Electrical Code. System grounding is provided by connecting
grounding wires from all conduit entries to the steel mounting plate or
10.94" / 278 mm
10 " / 254 mm

another point which provides continuity.

Greyline

TTFM 6.1
CLEANING

Cleaning is not required as a part of normal maintenance.

CONDUIT ENTRY SIDE VIEW
LOCATION

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FIELD TROUBLESHOOTING
POSSIBLE CAUSES: CORRECTIVE ACTION:

METER READING WHEN THERE IS NO FLOW?

 Set Calibration/ Damping to 0% with zero flow use Setup /
Tare function.
 Ensure all Flowmeter wiring is in METAL conduit and
Erratic measurement (set sensor shield is properly connected to Ground.
damping to 0% to check) due to  Ensure correct power input Ground connection (<1 ohm
electrical noise or poor signal resistance).
quality.  Ensure 4-20mA Shield connected to Instrument Ground
stud.
 Adjust Calibration / Min Flow setting.
 Contact Pulsar Measurement for further assistance.
 Follow Drive manufacturers wiring and Grounding
instructions
Variable Speed Drive interference  Relocate Flowmeter electronics, Sensor and wiring away
from VSD

METER READING LOWER THAN EXPECTED?

 Review calibration menu. Pipe dimensions and fluid
Calibration Error
selection/fluid velocity.
 Investigate pump/valves. Compare velocity with alternate
Lower flow rate than expected
instrument.
 Ensure all Flowmeter wiring is in METAL conduit and
sensor shield is properly grounded.
Erratic measurement (set  Ensure correct power input Ground connection (<1 ohm
damping to 0% to check) due to resistance).
electrical noise or poor signal  Ensure 4-20mA Shield connected to Instrument Ground
quality. stud.
 Contact Pulsar Measurement for further assistance.

NO ECHO INDICATION Icon: No Echo

 Check Setup menu to ensure pipe material, size, thickness,

Improper Installation liner type, thickness, fluid type, and fluid temperature and
configured properly. Check transducer mounting method
and spacing matches Setup menu values.
Sensors not mounted to Pipe or  Apply coupling compound and mount sensors to pipe with
mounted improperly proper sensor spacing.
Empty pipe or partially filled  Pipe must be fluid filled and acoustically transparent in
order to obtain echoes.
Coupling compound washed out,  Remount sensor
or sensor loose on pipe.  Use Super Lube® Silicone Compound

SENSOR CONNECTIONS

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

 No sensors attached
OPEN/SHORT SENSOR ICON  Short in transducer, or in triax transducer cable. Follow
Sensor Connections steps
 Check sensor connections at TTFM and at sensor junction
Sensor Connections
box.
 Note: Refer to Sensor Cable Resistance Test to test final
connections.

METER READING HIGHER THAN EXPECTED?

Calibration Error  Review calibration menu. Pipe dimensions and fluid

selection/fluid velocity.
Higher flow rate than expected  Investigate pump/valves. Compare velocity with alternate
instrument.
 Ensure all Flowmeter wiring is in METAL conduit and
sensor shield is properly grounded.
Erratic measurement (set
damping to 0% to check) due to
 Ensure correct power input Ground connection (<1 ohm
electrical noise or poor signal resistance).
quality.  Ensure 4-20mA Shield connected to Instrument Ground
stud.
 Contact Pulsar Measurement for further assistance.

High viscosity fluid  Laminar flow profile due to high viscosity fluid requires
an adjustment to Cal Const.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SENSOR CABLE & TRANSDUCER RESISTANCE TEST

Unplug the green sensor terminal from the Transit Time board with the sensor wires still connected and the BNC
end of the cable is connected to the transducer. With a multimeter, perform resistance checks for each set of
wires. One single loose terminal may cause false readings.

Test across shield and core of each wire: TDR1 and TDR2. Resistance should be around 10K ohms for any cable
length. High readings indicate an open circuit and low readings indicate a short or partial short in the sensor cable
connections or transducer.

Note: The TTFM 6.1 will automatically detect connectivity to the sensors. Confirm that TTFM 6.1 indicates
“Sensor Good” in the messages menu if your resistance measured is approximately 10K Ohms.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

COMMON QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

The pipe vibrates. Will it affect the flow meter?

Common vibration frequencies are far lower than the sonic frequencies used by the flow meter, and will not
normally affect accuracy or performance. However, applications where very weak Transit Time signal is present
(when sensitivity is adjusted to maximum and signal strength is low), accuracy may be affected by pipe vibration,
or the flow meter may show readings under no-flow conditions. Attempt to relocate the sensor on a pipe section
where vibration is reduced, or arrange pipe mounting brackets to reduce vibration at the sensor mounting
location.

The flow meter must be installed in a high noise environment. Will this affect operation?

Our flow meters are designed to discriminate between environmental noise and the Transit Time signal. High
noise environments may affect the flow meter’s performance where low signal strength and/or low flow velocities
are being measured. Relocate the sensor in a quieter environment if possible.

Will pipe corrosion affect accuracy of the flow meter?

Yes. Rust, loose paint etc. must be removed from the outside of the pipe to provide a clean mounting position
when installing a Transit Time sensor. Severe corrosion/oxidation on the inside of the pipe may prevent the Transit
Time signal from penetrating into the flow. If the pipe cannot be cleaned, a spool piece (PVC recommended)
should be installed for sensor mounting.

What effect do pipe liners have on the flow meter?

The air gap between loose insertion liners and the pipe wall prevent the Transit Time signal from entering the
flow. Better results can be expected with bonded liners such as cement, epoxy or tar, however an on site test is
recommended to determine if the application is suitable for a Transit Time flow meter.

Why is Transit Time recommended for clean liquids?

The Transit Time sensor transmits sound across the flow stream in order to measure the time it takes to arrive at
the other sensor, and therefore requires a fluid medium that is relatively transparent to the acoustic signal. The
Transit Time system will not function when there is high volume of solids or aeration. As a guideline, Transit Time
flow meters are recommended for clean liquids with solids or bubbles content less than 2% by volume.

Can the sensor be submerged in water?

Yes, for short periods of time or by accident, but it is not recommended for continuous operation. The sensor is
constructed to withstand submersion to 10 psi (0.7 Bar) without damage provided the protective rubber boot is
filled with Super Lube®.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

COMMON QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (cont.)

What is the purpose of the Signal Strength Display?

The primary function of the signal strength display is to assist as a feedback when mounting sensors. Signal
Strength can also be a useful diagnostics tool when troubleshooting problems with an installation. A signal
strength less than 100% may indicate a problem with the installation or other issues such as a mis-programmed
pipe size, pipe material, fluid type or temperature, or wrong transducer spacing. A signal strength less than 100%
may also simply indicate a lot of aeration, or deteriorated pipe. Consideration should be made to use a 1 cross
installation in such a case.

Can I change the length of the sensor cable?

Yes. The Transit Time design allow cable lengths up to 100 ft (30 m) or extension up to 250 ft with extra cable and
JB2X optional junction box. Replacement cable of different length may be installed in rigid or flexible conduit for
mechanical protection. Use only our shielded triaxial cable.

Does the TTFM 6.1 require periodic recalibration?

TTFM 6.1 calibration does not drift over time. The solid state sensor has no moving parts to wear and affect
calibration. All timing/counting circuits use crystal-controlled frequency references to eliminate any drift in the
processing circuitry.

ISO 9000 or similar quality management systems may require periodic and verifiable recalibration of flow meters.
TTFM 6.1 Flow Meters may be returned to Pulsar Measurement for factory calibration and issue of a new NIST
traceable certificate. Refer to the ‘Product Return Procedure’ section of this manual for return instructions.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

APPLICATIONS HOTLINE

For applications assistance, advice or information on any Pulsar Measurement Instrument contact your Sales
Representative, write to Pulsar Measurement or phone the Applications Hotline below:

COUNTRY TEL FAX E-MAIL ADDRESS

United 315-788-9500 315-764-0419 [email protected] 11451 Belcher Road South
States Largo, FL 33773
Canada 613-938-8956 613-938-4857 [email protected] 16456 Sixsmith Drive
Long Sault, Ont. K0C 1P0
UK +44 (0) 1684 891371 +44 (0) 1684 575985 [email protected] Cardinal Building
Enigma Commercial Centre
Sandy's Road, Malvern
WR14 1JJ
Asia N/A N/A [email protected] 34-1A, Jalan 10A/KU5
Taman Aman Perdana
41050 Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
Oceania +61 428 692 274 N/A [email protected] N/A

PRODUCT RETURN PROCEDURE

Instruments may be returned to Pulsar Measurement for service or warranty repair.

1 Obtain an RMA Number from Pulsar Measurement -

Before shipping a product to the factory please contact Pulsar Measurement by telephone, fax or email to obtain
an RMA number (Returned Merchandise Authorization). This ensures fast service and correct billing or credit.

When you contact Pulsar Measurement please have the following information available:
1. Model number / Software Version
2. Serial number
3. Date of Purchase
4. Reason for return (description of fault or modification required)
5. Your name, company name, address and phone number

2 Clean the Sensor/Product -

Important: unclean products will not be serviced and will be returned to the sender at their expense.

1. Rinse sensor and cable to remove debris.

2. If sensor has been exposed to sewage, immerse both sensor and cable in a solution of 1 part household bleach
(Javex, Clorox etc.) to 20 parts water for 5 minutes. Important: do not immerse open end of sensor cable.
3. Dry with paper towels and pack sensor and cable in a sealed plastic bag.
4. Wipe the outside of the enclosure to remove dirt or deposits.
5. Return to Pulsar Measurement for service.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

LIMITED WARRANTY
_____________________________________
Pulsar Measurement warrants, to the original purchaser, its products to be
free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years
from date of invoice. Pulsar Measurement will replace or repair, free of
charge, any Pulsar product if it has been proven to be defective within the
warranty period. This warranty does not cover any expenses incurred in the
removal and re-installation of the product.
If a product manufactured by Pulsar should prove defective within the first
year, return it freight prepaid to Pulsar Measurement along with a copy of
your invoice.
This warranty does not cover damages due to improper installation or
handling, acts of nature, or unauthorized service. Modifications to or
tampering with any part shall void this warranty. This warranty does not
cover any equipment used in connection with the product or consequential
damages due to a defect in the product.
All implied warranties are limited to the duration of this warranty. This is
the complete warranty by Pulsar Measurement and no other warranty is
valid against Pulsar Measurement. Some states do not allow limitations on
how long an implied warranty lasts or limitation of incidental or
consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may not
apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other
rights which vary from state to state.

Pulsar Measurement

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

ENCLOSURE HEATER AND THERMOSTAT - Option TH

Instruments can be factory-equipped with an Enclosure Heater and Thermostat or the module can be customer-
installed. The Thermostat is factory set to turn ON at 40°F (4.5°C) and OFF at 60°F (15.5°C). Power consumption is
15 Watts.

TO AUXILIARY TERMINAL STRIP ON AC POWER SUPPLY

ENCLOSURE SUNSCREEN - Option SCR

Do not mount instrument electronics in direct sunlight. Overheating will reduce the life of electronic components
and condensate may form during the heat/cool cycles and cause electrical shorts.

11" / 280 mm
Note:
11"
Exposure to direct sunlight can cause 280 mm
overheating and moisture condensation 5"
127 mm
which will reduce the operating life of
electronics.

Protect Instruments from direct sunlight

with this iridite finished aluminum sun
screen (Option SCR).

Seal conduit entries with caulking

compound to further reduce moisture
condensation.

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

POWER INPUT OPTION

9-32VDC

TTFM 6.1 Flow Meters may be ordered factory-configured for 9-32VDC power input, or a 9-32VDC Power Input
card can be installed in the place of the 100-240VAC card in the field.

9-32VDC VERSION CONNECTIONS:

POWER INPUT: Connect 9-32VDC to the + and - terminals. The Power Input GND terminal must be connected to
the nearest Ground pole. A 1 amp fuse in line is recommended.

SENSOR

GND
GND
TDR 1

TDR 2
SERIAL COMMUNICATION OPTION

+ G
RS-485
Output

EXTRA RELAYS OPTION

NO

NO

NO

NO
NC

NC

NC

NC
C

RLY3 RLY4 RLY5 RLY6

Downstream
Upstream

9-32 VDC
POWER
INPUT
+ -

4-20mA –
+
NO
RLY2 C
NC
NO
RLY1 C
NC

DC SENSOR
GND GND

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

APPENDIX A – Classified Area Installation Control Drawings

Please check the labels on the side of your SE16 transducers to verify which of the following control drawings
apply.

SESPEC-INST-03: SE16B Certified CSA C/US Intrinsically Safe for Class I, Div 1, Groups C,D; Class II, Groups
E,F,G; Class III

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SESPEC-INST-06: SE16B Certified CSA C/US Non-Incendive for Class 1 Div 2, Groups A,B,C,D

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SESPEC-INST-07 Pg 1: SE16A Certified CSA C/US Intrinsically Safe for Class I, Div 1, Groups C,D; Class II,
Groups E,F,G; Class III

SESPEC-INST-07 Pg 2: SE16A with Sealed Cable Certified CSA C/US Intrinsically Safe for Class I, Div 1,
Groups C,D; Class II, Groups E,F,G; Class III

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SESPEC-INST-07 Pg 3: SE16A Certified CSA C/US Non-Incendive for Class I, Div 2, Groups A,B,C,D

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SESPEC-INST-08: SE16C Certified CSA C/US Intrinsically Safe for Class I, Div 1, Groups C,D; Class II, Groups
E,F,G; Class III

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SESPEC-INST-09: SE16C Certified CSA C/US Non-Incendive for Class I, Div 2, Groups A,B,C,D

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

I-0161.01: SE16A Certified ATEX/IECEx Ex ia for Zone 0, Gas group IIB

I-0162.01: SE16B Certified ATEX/IECEx Ex ia for Zone 0, Gas group IIB

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

I-0162.01: SE16C Certified ATEX/IECEx Ex ia for Zone 0, Gas group IIB

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

APPENDIX B – Specifications

7.4 " / 188 mm

Flow Rate Range: ±0.07 to 40 ft/sec (±0.02 6.46" / 164 mm 5.12" / 130 mm

to 12 m/sec)
Pipe Size: ½” to 48” (15 to 1200
mm)
Accuracy: ±1% of flow rate from

10.94" / 278 mm
1.5 to 40 ft/sec, ±0.015

10 " / 254 mm
ft/sec below 1.5 ft/sec.
Repeatability and
Linearity: ±0.25% Greyline

TTFM 6.1
Displays: White, backlit matrix -
displays flow rate,
totalizer, relay states,
operating mode and CONDUIT ENTRY SIDE VIEW
calibration menu LOCATION

Calibration: built-in 5-key calibrator with English, French or Spanish language

selection
Power Input: 100-240VAC, 50/60Hz, 10VA or
Optional 9-32VDC, 10 Watts Maximum
Output: Isolated 4-20mA (1000 ohm load max.). Can be changed to 0-5VDC in
programming
Data Logger: 128MB Data Storage, 26 million data points
Control Relays: Qty 2, rated 5 amp 240VAC SPDT, programmable flow alarm and/or
proportional pulse
Enclosure: Watertight, dust tight NEMA4X (IP 66) polycarbonate with a clear
shatter-proof face
Environmental Conditions: Relative humidity up to 80%, -23 to 60°C ambient temperature,
maximum 5000 m altitude, pollution degree 4, Installation Category II.
Electrical Surge Protection: Sensor, 4-20mA output and AC power input
Approximate Shipping Weight: 12 lbs (5.5 kg)

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

SE16A Transit Time Sensor

Pipe Diameter: 0.5” To 6” (15 to 150 mm)

Operating Temperature: -40° to 300°F (-40° to 150°C)
Exposed Materials: 316SS, Ultem
Operating Frequency: 2.56 MHz
Sensor Cable: 25 ft (7.6 m)
Optional 50 ft (15 m) or 100 ft (30 m) available, extendable up to 500 ft
(150 m) with JB2X optional junction box.
Submersion Rating: Withstands accidental submersion pressure up to 10 psi (0.7 Bar)

SE16A
SENSOR
DIMENSIONS

1.605”
40.761mm

.936” .811”
23.765mm 20.590mm SIDE VIEW
END
VIEW

1.596” .750”
40.538mm 19.050mm

SE16B Transit Time Sensor

Pipe Diameter: 2” to 48” (50 to 1200 mm)
Operating Temperature: -40° to 300°F (-40° to 150°C)
Exposed Materials: 316SS, Ultem
Operating Frequency: 1.28 MHz
Sensor Cable: 25 ft (7.6 m)
Optional 50 ft (15 m) or 100 ft (30 m) available, extendable up to 500 ft
(150 m) with JB2X optional junction box.
Submersion Rating: Withstands accidental submersion pressure up to 10 psi (0.7 Bar) when
installed with Super Lube® in sealing rubber boot.

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

SE16C Transit Time Sensor

Pipe Diameter: 4” to 48” (100 mm to 1200 mm)

Operating Temperature: -40° to 300°F (-40° to 150°C)
Exposed Materials: 316SS, Ultem
Operating Frequency: 640 kHz
Sensor Cable: 25 ft (7.6 m)
Optional 50 ft (15 m) or 100 ft (30 m) available, extendable up to 500 ft
(150 m) with JB2X optional junction box.
Submersion Rating: IP67, withstands submersion up to 1 meter (3.3 feet) for up to 30
minutes

SE16C
SENSOR
2.080"
DIMENSIONS
1.725" 52.844mm
SIDE VIEW END
43.815mm
VIEW

2.615" 1.600"
66.421mm 40.640mm

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

APPENDIX C – Pipe Charts

Note: Not all pipe types allowed in programming have charts below. Pipe dimensions will need to be acquired
from pipe markings or the pipe manufacturer in such cases.

Carbon Steel & PVC Pipe

Pipe Pipe Schedule Standard Extra Heavy Dbl. Extra Heavy Schedule 10 Schedule 20 Schedule 30 Schedule 40 Schedule 80

Size O.D. I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL

½ 0.840 0.622 0.109 0.622 0.109 0.546 0.147

¾ 1.050 0.824 0.113 0.824 0.113 0.742 0.154
1 1.315 1.049 0.133 1.049 0.133 0.957 0.175
1¼ 1.660 1.380 0.140 1.380 0.140 1.278 0.191
1½ 1.900 1.900 0.145 1.900 0.145 1.500 0.200

2 2.375 2.067 .154 1.939 .218 1.503 .436 2.067 .154 1.939 0.218
21/2 2.875 2.469 .203 2.323 .276 1.771 .552 2.469 .203 2.323 0.276
3 3.500 3.068 .216 2.900 .300 2.300 .600 3.068 .216 2.900 0.300
31/2 4.000 3.548 .226 3.364 .318 2.728 .636 3.548 .226 3.364 0.318
4 4.500 4.026 .237 3.826 .337 3.152 .674 4.026 .237 3.826 0.337
5 5.563 5.047 .258 4.813 .375 4.063 .750 5.047 .258 4.813 0.375
6 6.625 6.065 .280 5.761 .432 4.897 .864 6.065 .280 5.761 0.432
8 8.625 7.981 .322 7.625 .500 6.875 .875 8.125 .250 8.071 .277 7.981 .322 7.625 0.500
10 10.750 10.020 .365 9.750 .500 8.750 1.000 10.250 .250 10.136 .307 10.020 .365 9.564 0.593
12 12.750 12.000 .375 11.750 .500 10.750 1.000 12.250 .250 12.090 .330 11.938 .406 11.376 0.687
14 14.000 13.250 .375 13.000 .500 13.500 .250 13.376 .312 13.250 .375 13.124 .438 12.500 0.750
16 16.000 15.250 .375 15.000 .500 15.500 .250 15.376 .312 15.250 .375 15.000 .500 14.314 0.843
18 18.000 17.250 .375 17.000 .500 17.500 .250 17.376 .312 17.124 .438 16.876 .562 16.126 0.937
20 20.000 19.250 .375 19.000 .500 19.500 .250 19.250 .375 19.000 .500 18.814 .593 17.938 1.031
22 22.000 21.250 .375 21.000 .500 21.500 .250 21.250 .375 21.000 .500
24 24.000 23.250 .375 23.000 .500 23.500 .250 23.250 .375 22.876 .562 22.626 .687 21.564 1.218
26 26.000 25.250 .375 25.000 .500 25.376 .312 25.000 .500
28 28.000 27.250 .375 27.000 .500 27.376 .312 27.000 .500 26.750 .625
30 30.000 29.250 .375 29.000 .500 29.376 .312 29.000 .500 28.750 .625
32 32.000 31.250 .375 31.000 .500 31.376 .312 31.000 .500 30.750 .625
34 34.000 33.250 .375 33.000 .500 33.376 .312 33.000 .500 32.750 .625
36 36.000 35.250 .375 35.000 .500 35.376 .312 35.000 .500 34.750 .625
42 42.000 41.250 .375 41.000 .500 41.000 .500 40.750 .625

Ductile Iron Pipe – Standard Classes

Size OUTSIDE Class Class Class Class Class Class Class CEMENT LINING
INCH DIA. 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 **STD **DOUBLE
INCH WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. THICKNESS THICKNESS
3 3.96 0.25 3.46 0.28 3.40 0.31 3.34 0.34 3.28 0.37 3.22 0.41 3.14 .125 .250
4 4.80 0.26 4.28 0.29 4.22 0.32 4.16 0.35 4.10 0.38 4.04 0.44 3.93
6 6.90 0.25 6.40 0.28 6.34 0.31 6.28 0.34 6.22 0.37 6.16 0.40 6.10 0.43 6.04
8 9.05 0.27 8.51 0.30 8.45 0.33 8.39 0.36 8.33 0.39 8.27 0.42 8.21 0.45 8.15
10 11.10 0.39 10.32 0.32 10.46 0.35 10.40 0.38 10.34 0.41 10.28 0.44 10.22 0.47 10.16
12 13.20 0.31 12.58 0.34 12.52 0.37 12.46 0.40 12.40 0.43 12.34 0.46 12.28 0.49 12.22

14 15.30 0.33 14.64 0.36 14.58 0.39 14.52 0.42 14.46 0.45 14.40 0.48 14.34 0.51 14.28
16 17.40 0.34 16.72 0.37 16.66 0.40 16.60 0.43 16.54 0.46 16.48 0.49 16.42 0.52 16.36
18 19.50 0.35 18.80 0.38 18.74 0.41 18.68 0.44 18.62 0.47 18.56 0.50 18.50 0.53 18.44 .1875 .375
20 21.60 0.36 20.88 0.39 20.82 0.42 20.76 0.45 20.70 0.48 20.64 0.51 20.58 0.54 20.52
24 25.80 0.38 25.04 0.41 24.98 0.44 24.92 0.47 24.86 0.50 24.80 0.53 24.74 0.56 24.68
30 32.00 0.39 31.22 0.43 31.14 0.47 31.06 0.51 30.98 0.55 30.90 0.59 30.82 0.63 30.74
36 38.30 0.43 37.44 0.48 37.34 0.62 37.06 0.58 37.14 0.63 37.04 0.68 36.94 0.73 36.84
42 44.50 0.47 43.56 0.53 43.44 0.59 43.32 0.65 43.20 0.71 43.08 0.77 42.96 0.83 42.84 .250 .500
48 50.80 0.51 49.78 0.58 49.64 0.65 49.50 0.72 49.36 0.79 49.22 0.86 49.08 0.93 48.94
54 57.10 0.57 55.96 0.65 55.80 0.73 55.64 0.81 55.48 0.89 55.32 0.97 55.16 1.05 55.00
**REDUCE I.D. BY DIMENSION SHOWN

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

Stainless Steel, Hastelloy "C" & Titanium Pipe

Pipe Pipe Schedule 5 S (a) Schedule 10 S (a) Schedule 40 S Schedule 80 S
Size O.D. I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL
½ 0.840 0.710 0.065 0.674 0.083 0.622 0.109 0.546 0.147
¾ 1.050 0.920 0.065 0.884 0.083 0.824 0.113 0.742 0.154
1 1.315 1.185 0.065 1.097 0.109 1.049 0.133 0.957 0.175
1¼ 1.660 1.530 0.065 1.442 0.109 1.380 0.140 1.278 0.191
1½ 1.900 1.770 0.065 1.682 0.109 1.900 0.145 1.500 0.200
2 2.375 2.245 .065 2.157 .109 2.067 .154 1.939 .218
21/2 2.875 2.709 .083 2.635 .120 2.469 .203 2.323 .276
3 3.500 3.334 .083 3.260 .120 3.068 .216 2.900 .300
31/2 4.000 3.834 .083 3.760 .120 3.548 .226 3.364 .318
4 4.500 4.334 .083 4.260 .120 4.026 .237 3.826 .337
5 5.563 5.345 .109 5.295 .134 5.047 .258 4.813 .375
6 6.625 6.407 .109 6.357 .134 6.065 .280 5.761 .432
8 8.625 8.407 .109 8.329 .148 7.981 .322 7.625 .500
10 10.750 10.482 .134 10.420 .165 10.020 .365 9.750 .500
12 12.750 12.438 .156 12.390 .180 12.000 .375 11.750 .500
14 14.000 13.688 .156 13.624 .188
16 16.000 15.670 .165 15.624 .188
18 18.000 17.670 .165 17.624 .188
20 20.000 19.634 .188 19.564 .218
22 22.000 21.624 .188 21.564 .218
24 24.000 23.563 .218 23.500 .250

Pipe Pipe Schedule 60 Schedule 80 Schedule 100 Schedule 120 Schedule 140 Schedule 160
Size O.D. I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL
2 2.375 1.939 .218 1.689 .343
21/2 2.875 2.323 .276 2.125 .375
3 3.500 2.900 .300 2.624 .438
31/2 4.000 3.364 .318
4 4.500 3.826 .337 3.624 .438 3.438 .531
5 5.563 4.813 .375 4.563 .500 4.313 .625
6 6.625 5.761 .432 5.501 .562 5.189 .718
8 8.625 7.813 .406 7.625 .500 7.439 .593 7.189 .718 7.001 .812 6.813 .906
10 10.750 9.750 .500 9.564 .593 9.314 .718 9.064 .843 8.750 1.000 8.500 1.125
12 12.750 11.626 .562 11.376 .687 11.064 .843 10.750 1.000 10.500 1.125 10.126 1.312
14 14.000 12.814 .593 12.500 .750 12.126 .937 11.814 1.093 11.500 1.250 11.188 1.406
16 16.000 14.688 .656 14.314 .843 13.938 1.031 13.564 1.218 13.124 1.438 12.814 1.593
18 18.000 16.500 .750 16.126 .937 15.688 1.156 15.250 1.375 14.876 1.562 14.438 1.781
20 20.000 18.376 .812 17.938 1.031 17.438 1.281 17.000 1.500 16.500 1.750 16.064 1.968
22 22.000 20.250 .875 19.750 1.125 19.250 1.375 18.750 1.625 18.250 1.875 17.750 2.125

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Cast Iron Pipe - ASA Standard

Pipe Pipe Class 50 Class 100 Class 150 Class 200 Class 250 Class 300 Class 350
Size O.D.
WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D. WALL I.D.
3 3.96 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32 0.32 3.32
4 4.80 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10 0.35 4.10
6 6.90 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14 0.38 6.14
8 9.05 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23 0.41 8.23
10 11.10 0.44 10.22 0.44 10.22 0.44 10.22 0.44 10.22 0.44 10.22 0.48 10.14 0.52 10.06
12 13.20 0.48 12.24 0.48 12.24 0.48 12.24 0.48 12.24 0.52 12.16 0.52 12.16 0.56 12.08
14 15.30 0.48 14.34 0.51 14.28 0.51 14.28 0.55 14.20 0.59 14.12 0.59 14.12 0.64 14.02
16 17.40 0.54 16.32 0.54 16.32 0.54 16.32 0.58 16.24 0.63 16.14 0.68 16.04 0.68 16.04
18 19.50 0.54 18.42 0.58 18.34 0.58 18.34 0.63 18.24 0.68 18.14 0.73 18.04 0.79 17.92
20 21.60 0.57 20.46 0.62 20.36 0.62 20.36 0.67 20.26 0.72 20.16 0.78 20.04 0.84 19.92
24 25.80 0.63 24.54 0.68 24.44 0.73 24.34 0.79 24.22 0.79 24.22 0.85 24.10 0.92 23.96

Cast Iron Pipe - AWWA Standard

Class A Class B Class C Class D
100 Ft. 43 PSIG 200 Ft. 86 PSIG 300 Ft. 130 PSIG 400 Ft. 173 PSIG

Pipe
Size O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D.
3 3.80 0.39 3.02 3.96 0.42 3.12 3.96 0.45 3.06 3.96 0.48 3.00
4 4.80 0.42 3.96 5.00 0.45 4.10 5.00 0.48 4.04 5.00 0.52 3.96
6 6.90 0.44 6.02 7.10 0.48 6.14 7.10 0.51 6.08 7.10 0.55 6.00
8 9.05 0.46 8.13 9.05 0.51 8.03 9.30 0.56 8.18 9.30 0.60 8.10
10 11.10 0.50 10.10 11.10 0.57 9.96 11.40 0.62 10.16 11.40 0.68 10.04
12 13.20 0.54 12.12 13.20 0.62 11.96 13.50 0.68 12.14 13.50 0.75 12.00
14 15.30 0.57 14.16 15.30 0.66 13.98 15.65 0.74 14.17 15.65 0.82 14.01
16 17.40 0.60 16.20 17.40 0.70 16.00 17.80 0.80 16.20 17.80 0.89 16.02
18 19.50 0.64 18.22 19.50 0.75 18.00 19.92 0.87 18.18 19.92 0.96 18.00
20 21.60 0.67 20.26 21.60 0.80 20.00 22.06 0.92 20.22 22.06 1.03 20.00
24 25.80 0.76 24.28 25.80 0.89 24.02 26.32 1.04 24.22 26.32 1.16 24.00
30 31.74 0.88 29.98 32.00 1.03 29.94 32.40 1.20 30.00 32.74 1.37 30.00
36 37.96 0.99 35.98 38.30 1.15 36.00 38.70 1.36 39.98 39.16 1.58 36.00
42 44.20 1.10 42.00 44.50 1.28 41.94 45.10 1.54 42.02 45.58 1.78 42.02
48 50.50 1.26 47.98 50.80 1.42 47.96 51.40 1.71 47.98 51.98 1.96 48.06
54 56.66 1.35 53.96 57.10 1.55 54.00 57.80 1.90 54.00 58.40 2.23 53.94
60 62.80 1.39 60.02 63.40 1.67 60.06 64.20 2.00 60.20 64.82 2.38 60.06
72 75.34 1.62 72.10 76.00 1.95 72.10 76.88 2.39 72.10
84 87.54 1.72 84.10 88.54 2.22 84.10

Class E Class F Class G Class H

500 Ft. 217 PSIG 600 Ft. 260 PSIG 700 Ft. 304 PSIG 800 Ft. 347 PSIG
Pipe
Size O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D. O.D. WALL I.D.
6 7.22 0.58 6.06 7.22 0.61 6.00 7.38 0.65 6.08 7.38 0.69 6.00
8 9.42 0.66 8.10 9.42 0.71 8.00 9.60 0.75 8.10 9.60 0.80 8.00
10 11.60 0.74 10.12 11.60 0.80 10.00 11.84 0.86 10.12 11.84 0.92 10.00
12 13.78 0.82 12.14 13.78 0.89 12.00 14.08 0.97 12.14 14.08 1.04 12.00
14 15.98 0.90 14.18 15.98 0.99 14.00 16.32 1.07 14.18 16.32 1.16 14.00
16 18.16 0.98 16.20 18.16 1.08 16.00 18.54 1.18 16.18 18.54 1.27 16.00
18 20.34 1.07 18.20 20.34 1.17 18.00 20.78 1.28 18.22 20.78 1.39 18.00
20 22.54 1.15 20.24 22.54 1.27 20.00 23.02 1.39 20.24 23.02 1.51 20.00
24 26.90 1.31 24.28 26.90 1.45 24.00 27.76 1.75 24.26 27.76 1.88 24.00
30 33.10 1.55 30.00 33.46 1.73 30.00
36 39.60 1.80 36.00 40.04 2.02 36.00

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 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

Copper Tubing
Pipe K L M Copper & Brass Pipe Aluminum
Size
O.D. I.D. WALL O.D. I.D. WALL O.D. I.D. WALL O.D. I.D. WALL O.D. I.D. WALL
½” 0.625 0.527 0.049 0.625 0.545 0.040 0.625 0.569 0.028
¾” 0.875 0.745 0.065 0.875 0.785 0.045 0.875 0.811 0.032
1” 1.125 0.995 0.065 1.125 1.025 0.050 1.125 1.055 0.035
1 ¼” 1.375 1.245 0.065 1.375 1.265 0.055 1.375 1.291 0.042
1 ½” 1.625 1.481 0.072 1.625 1.505 0.060 1.625 1.527 0.049
2" 2.125 1.959 0.083 2.125 1.985 0.070 2.125 2.009 0.058 2.375 2.062 0.157
2 1/2 2.625 2.435 0.095 2.625 2.465 0.080 2.625 2.495 0.065 2.875 2.500 0.188 2.500 2.400 0.050
3" 3.125 2.907 0.109 3.125 2.945 0.090 3.125 2.981 0.072 3.500 3.062 0.219 3.000 2.900 0.050
3 ½” 3.625 3.385 0.120 3.625 3.425 0.100 3.625 3.459 0.083 4.000 3.500 0.250
4" 4.125 3.857 0.134 4.125 3.905 0.110 4.125 3.935 0.095 4.500 3.935 0.095 4.000 4.000 0.250
4 ½” 5.000 4.500 0.250
5" 5.125 4.805 0.160 5.125 4.875 0.125 5.125 4.907 0.109 5.563 5.063 0.250 5.000 4.874 0.063
6" 6.125 5.741 0.192 6.125 5.845 0.140 6.125 5.881 0.122 6.625 6.125 0.250 6.000 5.874 0.063
7" 7.625 7.062 0.282 7.000 6.844 0.078
8" 8.125 7.583 0.271 8.125 7.725 0.200 8.125 7.785 0.170 8.625 8.000 0.313 8.000 7.812 0.094
10" 10.125 9.449 0.338 10.125 9.625 0.250 10.125 9.701 0.212 10.000 9.812 0.094
12" 12.125 11.315 0.405 12.125 11.565 0.280 12.125 11.617 0.254

97
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

C900/C905 PVC AWWA Water Distribution Pipe (Blue)

Pipe Size OD DR14 DR18 DR-21 DR25

Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID

4 4.80 0.343 4.114 0.267 4.266 0.192 4.416
6 6.90 0.493 5.914 0.383 6.134 0.276 6.348
8 9.05 0.646 7.758 0.503 8.044 0.362 8.326
10 11.10 0.793 9.514 0.617 9.866 0.444 10.212
12 13.20 0.943 11.314 0.733 11.734 0.528 12.144
14 15.30 0.850 13.600 0.729 13.842 0.612 14.076
16 17.40 0.967 15.466 0.829 15.742 0.696 16.008
18 19.50 1.083 17.334 0.929 17.642 0.780 17.94
20 21.60 1.200 19.200 1.029 19.542 0.864 19.872
24 25.80 1.433 22.934 1.229 23.342 1.032 23.736

98
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

APPENDIX D – Speed of Sound for Various Fluids

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed v/°C - m/s/°C Δ
m/sec.
Acetic anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O 1.082 (20ºC) 1180 2.5
Acetic acid, anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O 1.082 (20ºC) 1180 2.5
Acetic acid, nitrile C2H3N 0.783 1290 4.1
Acetic acid, ethyl ester (33) C4H8O2 0.901 1085 4.4
Acetic acid, methyl ester C3H6O2 0.934 1211
Acetone C3H6O 0.791 1174 4.5
Acetonitrile C2H3N 0.783 1290 4.1
Acetonylacetone C6H10O2 0.729 1399 3.6
Acetylene dichloride C2H2Cl2 1.26 1015 3.8
Acetylene tetrabromide (47) C2H2Br4 2.966 1027

Acetylene tetrachloride (47) C2H2Cl4 1.595 1147

Alcohol C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0
Alkazene-13 C15H24 0.86 1317 3.9
Alkazene-25 C10H12Cl2 1.20 1307 3.4
2-Amino-ethanol C2H7NO 1.018 1724 3.4
2-Aminotolidine (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20ºC) 1618

4-Aminotolidine (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45ºC) 1480

Ammonia (35) NH3 0.771 1729 6.68
Amorphous Polyolefin 0.98 962.6

t-Amyl alcohol C5H12O 0.81 1204

Aminobenzene (41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1639 4.0
Aniline (41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1639 4.0
Argon (45) Ar 1.400 (-188ºC) 853
Azine C6H5N 0.982 1415 4.1
Benzene (29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1306 4.65
Benzol(29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1306 4.65
Bromine (21) Br2 2.928 889 3.0
Bromo-benzene (46) C6H5Br 1.522 1170

1-Bromo-butane (46) C4H9Br 1.276 (20ºC) 1019

Bromo-ethane (46) C2H5Br 1.460 (20ºC) 900

Bromoform (46,47) CHBr3 2.89 (20ºC) 918 3.1
n-Butane (2) C4H10 0.601 (0ºC) 1085 5.8
2-Butanol C4H10O 0.81 1240 3.3
sec-Butylalcohol C4H10O 0.81 1240 3.3
n-Butyl bromide (46) C4H9Br 1.276 (20ºC) 1019
n-Butyl chloride (22,46) C4H9Cl 0.887 1140 4.57
tert Butyl chloride C4H9Cl 0.84 984 4.2
Butyl oleate C22H42O2 1404 3.0
2,3 Butylene glycol C4H10O2 1.019 1484 1.51
Cadmium (7) Cd 2237.7
Carbinol (40,41) CH4O 0.791 (20ºC) 1076 2.92

99
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.
Carbitol C6H14O3 0.988 1458
Carbon dioxide (26) CO2 1.101 (-37ºC) 839 7.71
Carbon disulphide CS2 1.261 (22ºC) 1149
Carbon tetrachloride(33,35,47) CCl4 1.595 (20ºC) 926 2.48
Carbon tetrafluoride (14) CF4 1.75 (-150ºC) 875.2 6.61
Cetane (23) C16H34 0.773 (20ºC) 1338 3.71
Chloro-benezene C6H5Cl 1.106 1273 3.6
1-Chloro-butane (22,46) C4H9Cl 0.887 1140 4.57
Chloro-diFluoromethane (3) (Freon 22) CHClF2 1.491 (-69ºC) 893.9 4.79
Chloroform (47) CHCl3 1.489 979 3.4
1-Chloro-propane (47) C3H7Cl 0.892 1058

Chlorotrifluoromethane (5) CClF3 724 5.26

Cinnamaldehyde C9H8O 1.112 1554 3.2
Cinnamic aldehyde C9H8O 1.112 1554 3.2
Colamine C2H7NO 1.018 1724 3.4
o-Cresol (46) C7H8O 1.047 (20ºC) 1541

m-Cresol (46) C7H8O 1.034 (20ºC) 1500

Cyanomethane C2H3N 0.783 1290 4.1
Cyclohexane (15) C6H12 0.779 (20ºC) 1248 5.41
Cyclohexanol C6H12O 0.962 1454 3.6
Cyclohexanone C6H10O 0.948 1423 4.0
Decane (46) C10H22 0.730 1252
1-Decene (27) C10H20 0.746 1235 4.0
n-Decylene (27) C10 H20 0.746 1235 4.0
Diacetyl C4H6O2 0.99 1236 4.6
Diamylamine C10H23N 1256 3.9

1,2 Dibromo-ethane (47) C2H4Br2 2.18 995

trans-1,2-Dibromoethene(47) C2H2Br2 2.231 935

Dibutyl phthalate C8H22O4 1408

Dichloro-t-butyl alcohol C4H8Cl2O 1304 3.8

2,3 Dichlorodioxane C2H6Cl2O2 1391 3.7

Dichlorodifluoromethane (3) (Freon 12) CCl2F2 1.516 (-40ºC) 774.1 4.24
1,2 Dichloro ethane (47) C2H4Cl2 1.253 1193

cis 1,2-Dichloro-Ethene(3,47) C2H2Cl2 1.284 1061

trans 1,2-Dichloro-ethene(3,47) C2H2Cl2 1.257 1010

Dichloro-fluoromethane (3) (Freon 21) CHCl2F 1.426 (0ºC) 891 3.97
1-2-Dichlorohexafluoro cyclobutane (47) C4Cl2F6 1.654 669
1-3-Dichloro-isobutane C4H8Cl2 1.14 1220 3.4
Dichloro methane (3) CH2Cl2 1.327 1070 3.94
1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2,2 tetra fluoroethane CClF2-CClF2 1.455 665.3 3.73
Diethyl ether C4H10O 0.713 985 4.87
Diethylene glycol, monoethyl ether C6H14O3 0.988 1458

100
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.
Diethylenimide oxide C4H9NO 1.00 1442 3.8
1,2-bis(DiFluoramino) butane (43) C4H8(NF2)2 1.216 1000
1,2bis(DiFluoramino)- 2-methylpropane
C4H9(NF2)2 1.213 900
(43)
1,2bis(DiFluoramino) propane (43) C3H6(NF2)2 1.265 960

2,2bis(DiFluoramino) propane (43) C3H6(NF2)2 1.254 890

2,2-Dihydroxydiethyl ether C4H10O3 1.116 1586 2.4
Dihydroxyethane C2H6O2 1.113 1658 2.1

1,3-Dimethyl-benzene (46) C8H10 0.868 (15ºC) 1343

1,2-1.0Dimethyl-benzene(29,46) C8H10 0.897 (20ºC) 1331.5 4.1
1,4-Dimethyl-benzene (46) C8H10 1334

2,2-Dimethyl-butane (29,33) C6H14 0.649 (20ºC) 1079

Dimethyl ketone C3H6O 0.791 1174 4.5
Dimethyl pentane (47) C7H16 0.674 1063

Dimethyl phthalate C8H10O4 1.2 1463

Diiodo-methane CH2I2 3.235 980

Dioxane C4H8O2 1.033 1376

Dodecane (23) C12H26 0.749 1279 3.85
1,2-Ethanediol C2H6O2 1.113 1658 2.1
Ethanenitrile C2H3N 0.783 1290

Ethanoic anhydride (22) (CH3CO)2O 1.082 1180

Ethanol C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0
Ethanol amide C2H7NO 1.018 1724 3.4
Ethoxyethane C4H10O 0.713 985 4.87
Ethyl acetate (33) C4H8O2 0.901 1085 4.4
Ethyl alcohol C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0
Ethyl benzene (46) C8H10 0.867(20ºC) 1338

Ethyl bromide (46) C2H5Br 1.461 (20ºC) 900

Ethyliodide (46) C2H5I 1.950 (20ºC) 876

Ether C4H10O 0.713 985 4.87
Ethyl ether C4H10O 0.713 985 4.87
Ethylene bromide (47) C2H4Br2 2.18 995

Ethylene chloride (47) C2H4Cl2 1.253 1193

Ethylene glycol C2H6O2 1.113 1658 2.1
50% Glycol/ 50% H2O 1578

d-Fenochone C10H16O 0.947 1320

d-2-Fenechanone C10H16O 0.947 1320

Fluorine F 0.545 (-143ºC) 403 11.31
Fluoro-benzene (46) C6H5F 1.024 (20ºC) 1189
Formaldehyde, methyl ester C2H4O2 0.974 1127 4.02
Formamide CH3NO 1.134 (20ºC) 1622 2.2

101
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.
Formic acid, amide CH3NO 1.134 (20ºC) 1622

Freon R12 774

Furfural C5H4O2 1.157 1444

Furfuryl alcohol C5H6O2 1.135 1450 3.4
Fural C5H4O2 1.157 1444 3.7
2-Furaldehyde C5H4O2 1.157 1444 3.7
2-Furancarboxaldehyde C5H4O2 1.157 1444 3.7
2-Furyl-Methanol C5H6O2 1.135 1450 3.4
Gallium Ga 6.095 2870 (@30ºC)
Glycerin C3H8O3 1.26 1904 2.2
Glycerol C3H8O3 1.26 1904 2.2
Glycol C2H6O2 1.113 1658 2.1

Helium (45) He4 0.125(-268.8ºC) 183

Heptane (22,23) C7H16 0.684 (20ºC) 1131 4.25
n-Heptane (29,33) C7H16 0.684 (20ºC) 1180 4.0
Hexachloro-Cyclopentadiene(47) C5Cl6 1.7180 1150
Hexadecane (23) C16H34 0.773 (20ºC) 1338 3.71
Hexalin C6H12O 0.962 1454 3.6
Hexane (16,22,23) C6H14 0.659 1112 2.71
n-Hexane (29,33) C6H14 0.649 (20ºC) 1079 4.53
2,5-Hexanedione C6H10O2 0.729 1399 3.6
n-Hexanol C6H14O 0.819 1300 3.8
Hexahydrobenzene (15) C6H12 0.779 1248 5.41
Hexahydrophenol C6H12O 0.962 1454 3.6
Hexamethylene (15) C6H12 0.779 1248 5.41
Hydrogen (45) H2 0.071 (-256ºC) 1187

2-Hydroxy-toluene (46) C7H8O 1.047 (20ºC) 1541

3-Hydroxy-tolune (46) C7H8O 1.034 (20ºC) 1500

Iodo-benzene (46) C6H5I 1.823 1114

Iodo-ethane (46) C2H5I 1.950 (20ºC) 876

Iodo-methane CH3I 2.28 (20ºC) 978

Isobutyl acetate (22) C6H12O 1180 4.85

Isobutanol C4H10O 0.81 (20ºC) 1212

Iso-Butane 1219.8
Isopentane (36) C5H12 0.62 (20ºC) 980 4.8
Isopropanol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20ºC) 1170

Isopropyl alcohol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20ºC) 1170

Kerosene 0.81 1324 3.6

Ketohexamethylene C6H10O 0.948 1423 4.0
Lithium fluoride (42) LiF 2485 1.29

Mercury (45) Hg 13.594 1449

102
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.
Mesityloxide C6H16O 0.85 1310
Methane (25,28,38,39) CH4 0.162 405(-89.15ºC) 17.5
Methanol (40,41) CH4O 0.791 (20ºC) 1076 2.92
Methyl acetate C3H6O2 0.934 1211

o-Methylaniline (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20ºC) 1618

4-Methylaniline (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45ºC) 1480

Methyl alcohol (40,44) CH4O 0.791 (20ºC) 1076 2.92
Methyl benzene (16,52) C7H8 0.867 1328 4.27
2-Methyl-butane (36) C5H12 0.62 (20ºC) 980
Methyl carbinol C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0
Methyl-chloroform (47) C2H3Cl3 1.33 985

Methyl-cyanide C2H3N 0.783 1290

3-Methyl cyclohexanol C7H14O 0.92 1400

Methylene chloride (3) CH2Cl2 1.327 1070 3.94
Methylene iodide CH2I2 3.235 980
Methyl formate (22) C2H4O2 0.974 (20ºC) 1127 4.02

Methyl iodide CH3I 2.28 (20ºC) 978

2-Methylphenol (46) C7H8O 1.047 (20ºC) 1541

3-Methylphenol (46) C7H8O 1.034 (20ºC) 1500

Milk, homogenized 1548

Morpholine C4H9NO 1.00 1442 3.8
Naphtha 0.76 1225

Natural Gas (37) 0.316 (-103ºC) 753

Neon (45) Ne 1.207 (-246ºC) 595

Nitrobenzene (46) C6H5NO2 1.204 (20ºC) 1415

Nitrogen (45) N2 0.808 (-199ºC) 962

Nitromethane (43) CH3NO2 1.135 1300 4.0
Nonane (23) C9H2O 0.718 (20ºC) 1207 4.04
1-Nonene (27) C9H18 0.736 (20ºC) 1207 4.0
Octane (23) C8H18 0.703 1172 4.14
n-Octane (29) C8H18 0.704 (20ºC) 1212.5 3.50
1-Octene (27) C8H16 0.723 (20ºC) 1175.5 4.10
Oil of Camphor Sassafrassy 1390 3.8

Oil, Car (SAE 20a.30) 1.74 870

Oil, Castor C11H10O10 0.969 1477 3.6
Oil, Diesel 0.80 1250

Oil, Fuel AA gravity 0.99 1485 3.7

Oil (Lubricating X200) 1530 5019.9

Oil (Olive) 0.912 1431 2.75

Oil (Peanut) 0.936 1458

103
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.
Oil (Sperm) 0.88 1440

Oil, 6 1509
2,2-Oxydiethanol C4H10O3 1.116 1586 2.4
Oxygen (45) O2 1.155 (-186ºC) 952

Pentachloro-ethane (47) C2HCl5 1.687 1082

Pentalin (47) C2HCl5 1.687 1082

Pentane (36) C5H12 0.626 (20ºC) 1020

n-Pentane (47) C5H12 0.557 1006

Perchlorocyclopentadiene(47) C5Cl6 1.718 1150

Perchloro-ethylene (47) C2Cl4 1.632 1036

Perfluoro-1-Hepten (47) C7F14 1.67 583

Perfluoro-n-Hexane (47) C6F14 1.672 508

Phene (29,40,41) C6H6 0.879 1306 4.65
ß-Phenyl acrolein C9H8O 1.112 1554 3.2
Phenylamine (41) C6H5NO2 1.022 1639 4.0
Phenyl bromide (46) C6H5Br 1.522 1170
Phenyl chloride C6H5Cl 1.106 1273 3.6
Phenyl iodide (46) C6H5I 1.823 1114
Phenyl methane (16,52) C7H8 0.867 (20ºC) 1328 4.27
3-Phenyl propenal C9H8O 1.112 1554 3.2

Phthalardione C8H4O3 1125

Phthalic acid, anhydride C8H4O3 1125

Phthalic anhydride C8H4O3 1125

Pimelic ketone C6H10O 0.948 1423 4.0
Plexiglas, Lucite, Acrylic 2651

Polyterpene Resin 0.77 1099.8

Potassium bromide (42) Kbr 1169 0.71

Potassium fluoride (42) KF 1792 1.03

Potassium iodide (42) KI 985 0.64

Potassium nitrate (48) KNO3 1.859 (352ºC) 1740.1 1.1
Propane (2,13)(-45 to -130ºC) C3H8 0.585 (-45ºC) 1003 5.7
1,2,3-Propanetriol C3H8O3 1.26 1904 2.2
1-Propanol (46) C3H8O 0.78 (20ºC) 1222

2-Propanol (46) C3H8O 0.785 (20ºC) 1170

2-Propanone C3H6O 0.791 1174 4.5
Propene (17,18,35) C3H6 0.563 (-13ºC) 963 6.32
n-Propyl acetate (22) C5H10O2 1280 (2ºC) 4.63

n-Propyl alcohol C3H8O 0.78 (20ºC) 1222

Propylchloride (47) C3H7Cl 0.892 1058

Propylene (17,18,35) C3H6 0.563 (-13ºC) 963 6.32

104
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.
Pyridine C6H5N 0.982 1415 4.1
Refrigerant 11 (3,4) CCl3F 1.49 828.3 3.56
Refrigerant 12 (3) CCl2F2 1.516 (-40ºC) 774.1 4.24
Refrigerant 14 (14) CF4 1.75 (-150ºC) 875.24 6.61
Refrigerant 21 (3) CHCl2F 1.426 (0ºC) 891 3.97
Refrigerant 22 (3) CHClF2 1.491 (-69ºC) 893.9 4.79
Refrigerant 113 (3) CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7 3.44
Refrigerant 114 (3) CClF2-CClF2 1.455 665.3 3.73
Refrigerant 115 (3) C2ClF5 656.4 4.42
Refrigerant C318 (3) C4F8 1.62 (-20ºC) 574 3.88
Selenium (8) Se 1072 0.68

Silicone (30 cp) 0.993 990

Sodium fluoride (42) NaF 0.877 2082 1.32
Sodium nitrate (48) NaNO3 1.884 (336ºC) 1763.3 0.74
Sodium nitrite (48) NaNO2 1.805 (292ºC) 1876.8

Solvesso 3 0.877 1370 3.7

Spirit of wine C2H6O 0.789 1207 4.0
Sulphur (7,8,10) S 1177 -1.13
Sulphuric acid (1) H2SO4 1.841 1257.6 1.43
Tellurium (7) Te 991 0.73

1,1,2,2-Tetrabromo-ethane(47) C2H2Br4 2.966120 1027

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-ethane(67) C2H2Cl4 1.595 1147

Tetrachloroethane (46) C2H2Cl4 1.553 (20ºC) 1170

Tetrachloro-ethene (47) C2Cl4 1.632 1036

Tetrachloro-methane (33,47) CCl4 1.595 (20ºC) 926

Tetradecane (46) C14H3O 0.763 (20ºC) 1331

Tetraethylene glycol C8H18O5 1.123 1586/5203.4 3.0

Tetrafluoro-methane (14) (Freon 14) CF4 1.75 (-150ºC) 875.24 6.61
Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine C4H9NO 1442 3.8
Toluene (16,52) C7H8 0.867 (20ºC) 1328 4.27
o-Toluidine (46) C7H9N 0.999 (20ºC) 1618

p-Toluidine (46) C7H9N 0.966 (45ºC) 1480

Toluol C7H8 0.866 1308 4.2
Tribromo-methane (46,47) CHBr3 2.89 (20ºC) 918

1,1,1-Trichloro-ethane (47) C2H3Cl3 1.33 985

Trichloro-ethene (47) C2HCl3 1.464 1028

Trichloro-fluoromethane (3) (Freon 11) CCl3F 1.49 828.3 3.56
Trichloro-methane (47) CHCl3 1.489 979 3.4
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoro-Ethane CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7
Triethyl-amine (33) C6H15N 0.726 1123 4.47
Triethylene glycol C6H14O4 1.123 1608 3.8

105
TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Substance Form Index Specific Gravity Sound Speed v/°C - m/s/°C Δ

m/sec.
1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromo-Ethane C2HClBrF3 1.869 693
1,2,2-Trifluorotrichloro- ethane (Freon 113) CCl2F-CClF2 1.563 783.7 3.44
d-1,3,3-Trimethylnor- camphor C10H16O 0.947 1320

Trinitrotoluene (43) C7H5(NO2)3 1.64 1610

Turpentine 0.88 1255

Unisis 800 0.87 1346

Water, distilled (49,50) H 2O 0.996 1498 -2.4
Water, heavy D²O 1400

Water, sea 1.025 1531 -2.4

Wood Alcohol (40,41) CH4O 0.791 (20ºC) 1076 2.92
Xenon (45) Xe 630

m-Xylene (46) C8H10 0.868 (15ºC) 1343

o-Xylene (29,46) C8H10 0.897 (20ºC) 1331.5 4.1
p-Xylene (46) C8H10 1334

Xylene hexafluoride C8H4F6 1.37 879

Zinc (7) Zn 3298

106
 PULSAR MEASUREMENT

APPENDIX E – Speed of Sound of Water Relative to Temperature

Sonic Velocity Relative to Temperature of Pure Water

Temp °F Temp °C Velocity ft/s Temp °F Temp °C Velocity ft/s Temp °F Temp °C Velocity ft/s
0.0 -17.8 4240 100.0 37.8 5003 200.0 93.3 5080
2.0 -16.7 4267 102.0 38.9 5010 202.0 94.4 5077
4.0 -15.6 4293 104.0 40.0 5016 204.0 95.6 5075
6.0 -14.4 4319 106.0 41.1 5022 206.0 96.7 5077
8.0 -13.3 4344 108.0 42.2 5028 208.0 97.8 5069
10.0 -12.2 4368 110.0 43.3 5033 210.0 98.9 5066
12.0 11.0 4392 112.0 44.4 5038 212.0 100.0 5063
14.0 10.0 4416 114.0 45.6 5043 214.0 101.1 5059
16.0 -8.9 4438 116.0 46.7 5048 216.0 102.2 5056
18.0 -7.8 4460 118.0 47.8 5052 218.0 103.3 5052
20.0 -6.7 4482 120.0 48.9 5057 220.0 104.4 5049
22.0 -5.6 4503 122.0 50.0 5061 222.0 105.6 5045
24.0 -4.4 4524 124.0 51.1 5065 224.0 106.7 5041
26.8 -3.3 4544 126.0 52.2 5068 226.0 107.8 5037
28.0 -2.2 4563 128.0 53.3 5072 228.0 108.9 5033
30.0 -1.1 4582 130.0 54.4 5075 230.0 110.0 5029
32.0 0.0 4601 132.0 55.6 5078 232.0 111.1 5024
34.0 1.1 4619 134.0 56.7 5081 234.0 112.2 5020
36.0 2.2 4637 136.0 57.8 5084 236.0 113.3 5015
38.0 3.3 4654 138.0 58.9 5086 238.0 114.4 5011
40.0 4.4 4671 140.0 60.0 5089 240.0 115.6 5006
42.0 5.6 4687 142.0 61.1 5091 242.0 116.7 5001
44.0 6.7 4703 144.0 62.2 5093 244.0 117.8 4996
46.0 7.8 4719 146.0 63.3 5094 246.0 118.9 4991
48.0 8.9 4734 148.0 64.4 5096 248.0 120.0 4986
50.0 10.0 4748 150.0 65.6 5097 250.0 121.1 4981
52.0 11.1 4763 152.0 66.7 5098 260.0 126.7 4944
54.0 12.2 4776 154.0 67.8 5099 270.0 132.2 4911
56.0 13.3 4790 156.0 68.9 5100 280.0 137.8 4879
58.0 14.4 4803 158.0 70.0 5101 290.0 143.3 4843
60.0 .15.56 4816 160.0 71.1 5102 300.0 148.9 4806
62.0 16.7 4828 162.0 72.2 5102 310.0 154.4 4767
64.0 17.9 4840 164.0 73.3 5102 320.0 160.0 4724
66.0 18.9 4852 166.0 74.4 5102 330.0 165.6 4678
68.0 20.0 4863 168.0 75.6 5102 340.0 171.1 4633
70.0 21.1 4874 170.0 76.7 5102 350.0 176.7 4587
72.0 22.2 4885 172.0 77.8 5101 360.0 182.2 4537
74.0 23.3 4895 174.0 78.9 5101 370.0 187.8 4488
76.0 24.4 4905 176.0 80.0 5100 380.0 193.3 4439
78.0 25.6 4915 178.0 81.1 5099 390.0 198.9 4386
80.0 26.7 4925 180.0 82.2 5098 400.0 204.4 4331
82.0 27.8 4934 182.0 83.3 5097 410.0 210.0 4272
84.0 28.9 4943 184.0 84.4 5096 420.0 215.6 4209
86.0 30.0 4951 186.0 85.6 5094 430.0 221.1 4147
88.0 31.1 4959 188.0 86.7 5093 440.0 226.7 4081
90.0 32.2 4967 190.0 87.8 5091 450.0 232.2 4003
92.0 33.3 4975 192.0 88.9 5089 460.0 237.8 3937
94.0 34.4 4983 194.0 90.0 5087 470.0 243.3 3871
96.0 35.6 4990 196.0 91.1 5085 480.0 248.9 3806
98.0 36.7 4997 198.0 92.2 5082 490.0 254.4 3740

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TTFM 6.1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Sonic Velocity Relative to Temperature of Pure Water

Temp °F Temp °C Velocity m/s Temp °F Temp °C Velocity m/s Temp °F Temp °C Velocity m/s
0.0 -17.8 1292.45 100.0 37.8 1525.03 200.0 93.3 1548.38
2.0 -16.7 1300.64 102.0 38.9 1526.99 202.0 94.4 1547.60
4.0 -15.6 1308.63 104.0 40.0 1528.86 204.0 95.6 1546.78
6.0 -14.4 1316.44 106.0 41.1 1530.67 206.0 96.7 1547.60
8.0 -13.3 1324.06 108.0 42.2 1532.4 208.0 97.8 1545.02
10.0 -12.2 1331.50 110.0 43.3 1534.06 210.0 98.9 1544.08
12.0 11.0 1338.77 112.0 44.4 1535.64 212.0 100.0 1543.11
14.0 10.0 1345.86 114.0 45.6 1537.16 214.0 101.1 1542.10
16.0 -8.9 1352.78 116.0 46.7 1538.61 216.0 102.2 1541.05
18.0 -7.8 1359.53 118.0 47.8 1539.99 218.0 103.3 1539.97
20.0 -6.7 1366.12 120.0 48.9 1541.30 220.0 104.4 1538.85
22.0 -5.6 1372.55 122.0 50.0 1542.55 222.0 105.6 1537.70
24.0 -4.4 1378.82 124.0 51.1 1543.74 224.0 106.7 1536.51
26.8 -3.3 1384.94 126.0 52.2 1544.86 226.0 107.8 1535.29
28.0 -2.2 1390.90 128.0 53.3 1545.91 228.0 108.9 1534.03
30.0 -1.1 1396.72 130.0 54.4 1546.91 230.0 110.0 1532.74
32.0 0.0 1402.39 132.0 55.6 1547.84 232.0 111.1 1531.42
34.0 1.1 1407.91 134.0 56.7 1548.72 234.0 112.2 1530.06
36.0 2.2 1413.30 136.0 57.8 1549.53 236.0 113.3 1528.67
38.0 3.3 1418.55 138.0 58.9 1550.29 238.0 114.4 1527.26
40.0 4.4 1423.66 140.0 60.0 1550.99 240.0 115.6 1525.81
42.0 5.6 1428.64 142.0 61.1 1551.63 242.0 116.7 1524.33
44.0 6.7 1433.48 144.0 62.2 1552.21 244.0 117.8 1522.83
46.0 7.8 1438.20 146.0 63.3 1552.74 246.0 118.9 1521.29
48.0 8.9 1442.80 148.0 64.4 1553.22 248.0 120.0 1519.73
50.0 10.0 1447.27 150.0 65.6 1553.64 250.0 121.1 1518.14
52.0 11.1 1451.62 152.0 66.7 1554.01 260.0 126.7 1507.00
54.0 12.2 1455.85 154.0 67.8 1554.32 270.0 132.2 1497.00
56.0 13.3 1459.97 156.0 68.9 1554.59 280.0 137.8 1487.00
58.0 14.4 1463.97 158.0 70.0 1554.80 290.0 143.3 1476.00
60.0 .15.56 1467.86 160.0 71.1 1554.98 300.0 148.9 1465.00
62.0 16.7 1471.64 162.0 72.2 1555.07 310.0 154.4 1453.00
64.0 17.9 1475.31 164.0 73.3 1555.13 320.0 160.0 1440.00
66.0 18.9 1478.88 166.0 74.4 1555.15 330.0 165.6 1426.00
68.0 20.0 1482.34 168.0 75.6 1555.11 340.0 171.1 1412.00
70.0 21.1 1485.70 170.0 76.7 1555.03 350.0 176.7 1398.00
72.0 22.2 1488.96 172.0 77.8 1554.90 360.0 182.2 1383.00
74.0 23.3 1492.13 174.0 78.9 1554.72 370.0 187.8 1368.00
76.0 24.4 1495.19 176.0 80.0 1554.49 380.0 193.3 1353.00
78.0 25.6 1498.16 178.0 81.1 1554.22 390.0 198.9 1337.00
80.0 26.7 1501.04 180.0 82.2 1553.91 400.0 204.4 1320.00
82.0 27.8 1503.82 182.0 83.3 1553.55 410.0 210.0 1302.00
84.0 28.9 1506.52 184.0 84.4 1553.14 420.0 215.6 1283.00
86.0 30.0 1509.13 186.0 85.6 1552.70 430.0 221.1 1264.00
88.0 31.1 1511.65 188.0 86.7 1552.21 440.0 226.7 1244.00
90.0 32.2 1514.08 190.0 87.8 1551.67 450.0 232.2 1220.00
92.0 33.3 1516.44 192.0 88.9 1551.10 460.0 237.8 1200.00
94.0 34.4 1518.70 194.0 90.0 1550.48 470.0 243.3 1180.00
96.0 35.6 1520.89 196.0 91.1 1549.82 480.0 248.9 1160.00
98.0 36.7 1523.00 198.0 92.2 1549.12 490.0 254.4 1140.00

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