International Journal of Advance Research in Community Health Nursing 2024; 6(2): 01-06

E-ISSN: 2664-1666
P-ISSN: 2664-1658
www.communitynursing.net Effects of electronic gadgets on the physical health of
IJARCHN 2024; 6(2): 01-06
Received: 02-04-2024 high school students
Accepted: 05-05-2024

Sheeliya White N Sheeliya White N and Dr. Jitendra Chicholkar

Research scholar,
Department of Nursing,
Malwanchal University,
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/26641658.2024.v6.i2a.185
Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
Dr. Jitendra Chicholkar Background: Adolescents increasingly rely on electronic devices, which are integral to daily life.
Research Supervisor, Device usage among school pupils has surged, offering convenience, but posing risks to well-being.
Department of Nursing, This study explores electronic gadget impact on physical health in high school students.
Malwanchal University, Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 100 high school students used non-probability purposive
Madhya Pradesh, India sampling. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and
inferential statistics.
Results: Over 29% of participants used devices for 5-6 hours daily, equating to a quarter of their time.
Additionally, 23% spent 3-4 hours, 19% spent 7-8 hours, and 14% spent 1-2 hours daily on devices.
4% used devices for over 10 hours. High dependency was seen in 4%, moderate in 44%, and slight in
52%. Students using devices for more than 8 hours daily had more sleep disturbances (80%),
headaches, and neck pain (60%), compared to fewer issues among 1-4-hour users. Heavy users also
experienced more vision problems (53%), back pain (40%), hearing issues, obesity, and migraines. A
significant positive correlation exists between gadget use duration and physical complaints (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that setting realistic screen time limits encourages adolescents to
engage in physical activity and in-person social contact. To address technology addiction among
schoolchildren, parents, educators, and legislators must collaborate to provide positive role models and
support. The study also found that longer gadget usage is directly associated with more physical health
problems in students.

Keywords: Electronic gadgets, physical health, high school students

Introduction
Regardless of age, every individual uses electronic devices in their daily lives. They simplify
our lives on the one hand but using them excessively is harmful. Both mental and physical
health are affected by these devices. Screen time has increased due to the increasing use of
computers, cell phones, tablets, and other digital devices. Although technology can enhance
education, adolescents may become diverted from learning and critical thinking if they use it
excessively or without the right guidance [1].
Today's students rely extensively on their electronic devices. The sum of time children
spends with different devices, including their phones, tablets, computers, TVs, iPods, and
games, has been the subject of numerous studies. Students utilize electronic devices for a
range of purposes, such as researching, playing games, watching videos, listening to music,
chatting with friends, and browsing other websites. They spend most of their time doing
these activities, ignoring things that could harm their eyesight and general health, such as
body position when using the computer, screen brightness, and screen distance from their
eyes [2].
A study including 200 participants 77 men and 123 women with age ranges of students
ranging from 15 to 25 years old was carried out in Hyderabad. The majority of those
surveyed own two or more electronic devices. The issues surrounding the overuse of
technological gadgets have informed the design of the questionnaire. The study looked at
Corresponding Author:
Sheeliya White N
things, including how long the volunteers used the gadgets, where they used them, and what
Research scholar, health risks (such as stress, headaches, anxiety, sadness, and withdrawal symptoms) they
Department of Nursing, faced from using them excessively. The individuals who used the device for more than six to
Malwanchal University, eight hours also displayed disruptions in their logical thinking and memory levels [3].
Madhya Pradesh, India

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The cross-sectional study included 885 schoolchildren in behavior were identified. Cluster 2 indicated elevated screen
north India, ages 13 to 18. Analyses were using logistic time and increased sleep durations simultaneously. These
regression and descriptive data. 30.3% (95% Confidence findings offer insights for crafting strategies to reduce
Interval = 27.2%-33.3%) of the subjects satisfied the screen time among schoolchildren [10].
requirements for dependency. The odds ratio for students A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 130
who were more likely to be addicted to technology were children aged 12 to 15, attending schools in the urban region
2.82, 95% CI = 1.43, 5.59; male students were also more of Thiruvananthapuram district. The aim was to ascertain
likely to have a personal mobile phone (2.98, 1.52-5.83), the prevalence of excessive screen usage among school-
use a smartphone (2.77, 1.46-5.26), use one more gadget going adolescents and identify associated factors. The study
(2.12, 1.14-3.94), and be depressed (3.64, 2.04-6.49). The found that 87.7% of pupils reported high screen time, with
researcher concluded that depression and poor performance mobile phones being the most used device. Furthermore,
in school may be influenced by technological addiction [4]. high screen time was associated with male gender (odds
A cross-sectional study of 1803 Bangladeshi secondary ratio [OR] = 8.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-40.3),
school students found that 67.11% used phones daily. Due shorter sleep duration (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.15-23.12),
to COVID-19, 24.48% attended online classes, increasing and lower socioeconomic status (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.21-
gadget use significantly (p< .05) from 2019 to 2020. Over 0.96). These findings indicate a correlation between
half spent less than an hour outdoors daily. Gadget use is excessive screen time and male gender, as well as shorter
correlated with health issues like headaches, backaches, sleep duration [11].
vision disturbances, and insomnia [5]. 531 kids between the ages of 3 and 14 participated in the
A descriptive study surveyed 240 pupils aged 12 to 16 from study, which looked at the effects of prolonged use of
a government high school in Mangalore, Karnataka, electronic devices on kids' oral health, overall health, and
examining the impact of electronic gadgets on behavior, quality of life. The study's findings demonstrated that
academics, and health. Results indicated that 69% spent children's oral hygiene, overall wellness, and general quality
time with electronic gadgets before bedtime, with 59% of life were all adversely impacted when they used
facing morning headaches and vision issues. 53% stated electronic devices for more than five hours a day. In
focus troubles in class and while studying. While not the conclusion, the future of our nation rests on the shoulders of
sole cause, electronic use significantly contributed to its children. As a result, it's critical to protect kids from the
various health conditions like obesity, sleep disorders, eye possible dangers linked to prolonged usage of electronic
problems, and aggressive behavior, showing its role in devices with the help of parents, teachers, and societal
equally mental and physical health problems [6]. support [12]. A cross-sectional study aimed to establish
Earlier research mainly focused on ICT and electronic screen time recommendations and assess its effects on the
devices’ impacts on youth, neglecting children aged four to mental and physical health of children aged 2 to 18. Parents
twelve in classroom settings. This article investigates these completed a structured questionnaire, and psychologists and
effects on young children for educational purposes. During pediatricians evaluated outcomes. 155 children participated.
interviews and literature review, a conceptual model shapes On weekdays, average screen time for 2-5, 5-10, and 10-18-
motivation, usability, acceptability, and simplicity of use. year-olds was 4, 5.83, and 6.29 hours, respectively.
Findings suggest significant impacts on physical and mental Weekends saw increases to 5.64, 5.76, and 7.69 hours.
well-being, urging educators and institutions to consider Nearly 70% suffered malnutrition, and only 18% knew
ICT and electronic gadget use in their strategies [7]. about screen-free days. Screen time correlated significantly
The research examines the correlation between obesity and with negative behavior (P=0.001) and health (P=0.0001).
factors like electronic device usage, sleep patterns, stress, Average screen time tripled from pre-COVID to COVID-19
and physical exercise among 150 overweight high school eras. This emphasizes the need to understand screen time
students. Findings indicate gadget use positively impacts effects, particularly in underdeveloped countries without
physical activity, which in turn affects obesity. Gadget use regulations, amidst the pandemic [13].
also correlates with sleep patterns and stress levels. There is It's widely recognized that excessive electronic device usage
a direct correlation between gadget addiction and stress, can have adverse effects on health, manifesting in issues
physical activity, sleep patterns, and obesity, as well as an like headaches, nausea, eye strain, and psychological
indirect correlation [8]. impacts. [18] Adolescents' utilization of mobile phones has
This study examined the impact of electronic devices on witnessed a notable surge, primarily attributable to the
family connections, health, study habits, and academic heightened relevance of these devices during this
achievement among 378 randomly selected Grade 8 female developmental phase compared to other life stages. Hence,
students. It found no significant difference in the effects of the objective of the current study was to assess the impact of
device use on family connections and study habits when high school students' electronic device usage on their
considering age, sex, and grade level. However, health physical health.
impacts varied by grade level. Additionally, there was no
correlation between academic achievement and the Materials and Methods
influence of device use on family relationships, health, and Study design and setting
study habits [9]. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was undertaken to
An online poll explored lockdown effects on evaluate how electronic devices affect the physical health of
schoolchildren's sleep and screen time. Social jet lag and 100 high school students in Bangalore. The study was
insomnia diminished remarkably during lockdown, but conducted between January 3, 2023, and April 28, 2023.
inertia grew. Significant screen time differences were found
between pre-lockdown weekdays and lockdown weekends. Study participants and sampling
Three distinct clusters based on screen time and sleep A purposive sampling method was followed to collect

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information from 100 high school students. The age range 11-15 is considered moderate, and a score of 5-10
varies from 14 to 16 years. The study included students who indicates a slight dependency. Dependency is a
were eager to take part in study, available for data determining factor in addictive behavior, meaning that
collection, and proficient in reading and writing English. the more dependent the response, the more addicted
they will be.
Data collection tools and technique  Section D: Asks about specific health issues and your
A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. current state of physical health based on the duration of
It consists of four sections. gadget usage.
 Section A: Demographic variables.
 Section B: A complete set of questions about using the Statistical analysis
devices is included in the questionnaire. When asked The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social
how long they had spent using each device, the Science (SPSS) version 22. Appropriate statistical tests were
respondents gave answers such as 1-2 hours, 3-4 hours, used for data analysis based on the findings.
5-6 hours, 7-8 hours, 9-10 hours, and more than 10
hours for each device. The respondents' percentage was Ethical consideration
calculated based on how much time they spend using Each participant was well-informed about the study's
their devices. According to the respondents in this purpose, procedures, and benefits of the study, and each
survey, using electronics for longer than ten hours is student signed a voluntary consent form.
considered addictive.
 Section C: Use a Likert scale to assess respondents' Results
dependence on digital devices and services. Where 1 The descriptive data were analyzed using frequency and
denotes strongly disagree and 5 indicates strongly percentage.
agree. A score of 16-20 is considered high, a score of

Fig 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of students according to their demographic variables N= 100

Figure. 1 shows the percentage of high school students 45% of them study in the 9th class, and 55% in the 10th class.
based on demographic variables. 56 percent of students are Most of them are from (81%) nuclear families. Most of the
between the ages of 15-16 years and 44% are between 14-15 students (83%) owned mobile phones, 16% had iPads, 22%
years. 42% of them were Male and 58% female students. Laptops and 13% of them had desktops.

Table 1: Time Spent with Gadgets: N=100

Sl. No. Time spent with gadgets in hours Frequency %
1. 1-2 14 14%
2. 3-4 23 23%
3. 5-6 29 29%
4. 7-8 19 19%
5. 9-10 11 11%
6. >10 4 4%

Table 1 denotes how much time the respondents devote to with their technological devices. Where 19% of participants
the gadgets they use. The majority, 29% of the participants, are using the gadgets for 7-8 hours per day and 14% of them
used their devices for 5-6 hours. This also means ¼th of are using these for 1-2 hours. The number of participants
their time is spent with their gadgets and services. 23% of who spend more than 10 hours per day with their gadgets is
the total respondents spend more than 3-4 hours per day much less i.e. only 4%.

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Fig 2: Dependency on digital devices: N=100

Figure 2 illustrates a score of 16-20 is considered a high moderate dependency is 44%, and a score of 5-10 indicates
dependency is very few 4%, a score of 11-15 is considered a a slight dependency of around 52% of the students.

Fig 3: Identified Physical Health Problems according to time spent with the Gadgets by the Respondents: N=100

Figure 3 reveals a correlation between the amount of time hours per day on their devices. Meanwhile, 19% of
high school students spend on smartphones and various participants used their gadgets for 7-8 hours daily, and 14%
physical health issues. Students using smartphones for more for 1-2 hours. 4% of participants spent more than 10 hours
than 8 hours a day are more likely to experience sleep per day on their devices. These statistics indicate the
disturbances (80%), headaches and neck pain (60%), vision extensive use of devices among young respondents, with 6
problems (53%), and back pain (40%), with 13-33% also hours or more being a significant amount of time for
suffering from hearing problems, obesity, and migraines. anyone, especially students at a young age.
Those who use smartphones for 5-8 hours daily have This study result is proved by a study on the effects of
increased levels of sleep disturbances (32%), headaches and students' excessive use of electronic gadgets during
neck pain, vision problems (15%), back pain, and obesity COVID-19 are still being felt, schools are still shuttered,
(10%), with 2-6% experiencing hearing problems and and students are forced to do their coursework online.
migraines. Students using smartphones for 1-4 hours a day Consequently, it is now necessary to use this modern
are also prone to higher levels of sleep disturbances (27%), equipment. However, students use these gadgets for a
headaches and vision problems (11%), neck pain, back pain, variety of other leisure-related activities in addition to
and obesity (13-8%), but there are no reported cases of attending their online classes. Thus, there has been a
hearing problems or migraines in this group. noticeable increase in the amount of time that kids spend
using these gadgets, which is having a big impact on their
Discussion physical and mental health. The majority of kids, according
The current study findings revealed that the majority, 29% to the report, have issues with their eyes and have trouble
of the participants, used their devices for 5-6 hours daily, focusing [15].
equating to spending a quarter of their time on gadgets and The current study showed that only a few students (4%)
services. Additionally, 23% of the respondents spent 3-4 have a high dependency on their devices. Moderate

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dependency is seen in 44% of the students. The majority, electronic device usage can indeed have adverse effects on
52%, show slight dependency. This result is similar to a physical health. These effects may include sleep
cross-sectional study that was carried out to determine the disturbances, headaches, vision and hearing problems,
requirements for screen time recommendations and to obesity back and neck pain, and migraines. It's essential to
investigate the effects of screen time on children's mental recognize and address these potential consequences,
and physical health, among 155 kids ages 2 to 18. On particularly as electronic devices become increasingly
weekdays, the mean child hours for children ages 2-5 years, integrated into daily life for many students. The situation
5-10 years, and 10-18 years were 4 hours, 5.83 hours, and has been exacerbated by the widespread COVID-19
6.29 hours, while on weekends, 5.64 hours, 5.76 hours, and lockdowns. [16] The overarching observation is that young
7.69 hours. The age at which they started using screens was individuals are becoming increasingly reliant on technology
less than two years old for over one-third of the kids. due to the proliferation of available gadgets. While there
Malnutrition affects almost 70% of youngsters. The concept may be some advantages to device usage, excessive screen
of screen-free days was unfamiliar to only 18% of parents. time can yield negative outcomes, particularly among young
Screen time negatively impacted children's conduct children. Hence, it is imperative, with the guidance of
(P=0.001) and health (P=0.0001). The mean rise in screen caregivers, to take proactive measures to curb excessive
time from the pre-COVID era to the COVID-19 era was electronic device usage among school students.
over three times [17].
The findings of the current recent study revealed that Acknowledgment
students who use smartphones for more than 8 hours a day The authors are thankful to all the participants in this study.
are more likely to experience sleep disturbances (80%),
compared to 32% among those using them for 5-8 hours and Conflict of Interest
27% among those using them for 1-4 hours. They also face There are no conflicts of interest in this work.
headaches and neck pain (60%), whereas this issue is only
reported by 11% of 1-4-hour users. Vision problems (53%) Funding
and back pain (40%) are prevalent among those using Nil.
devices for more than 8 hours, while these issues are
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