LESSON 5.

2
48
d

THE GAS LAWS 47

A
g
C
80

H
g

Exploring the Gas Laws and discovering

the relationship of pressure, temperature,
volume, and the amount of gas.
47 80
g g
A H
79

A
u
TODAY,
YOU’LL BE
ABLE TO...
Express the Gas Laws in equation form

Use the Gas Laws to determine the

pressure, volume, or temperature of a
gas under certain conditions of change
 BOYLE’S LAW

Boyle's Law is a fundamental principle

in chemistry and physics that describes
the behavior of gases under specific
conditions. Formulated by the
Anglo-Irish scientist Robert Boyle in
1662, the law states that at a constant
temperature, the pressure of a given
mass of confined gas is inversely
proportional to its volume.

Please turn your books to Page 113

 BOYLE’S LAW

FORMULA :

P V
¹ ¹
= P 2 2

Keep in mind that...

V
P¹ is the Initial pressure of the gas
V¹ is the initial volume of the gas
2
P is the final pressure of the gas
2
V is the final volume of the gas
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
5.1
A 20.0 L gas kept in a movable piston has an initial pressure of 1.5
atm at 25°C. If the piston is allowed to expand isothermally (i.e, at
constant temperature) to 45.0 L, what will be the resulting pressure
of the gas?
P2 = P
1 1
INITIA FINAL V2
L V
P1 1.5 atm P2 ?
(1.5 atm × 20.0 L)
____________
____________ 0.67 atm
V1 20.0 L V 2 45.0 L 45.0 L =

T1 25°C T1 25°C
 CHARLES’S LAW

This law states that the volume of a gas is

directly proportional to its absolute
temperature at the a constant pressure.
FORMULA :
first volume V 1
____
V second volume

=2
first temperature T1
____ second temperature

2
T
pg.116-167
 Sample Problem 5.4
Consider a 25.0 L gas in a container initially at 25°C and 1 ATM.
If this gas is heated to 80°C, what will happen to its volume under constant
pressure?
The Charle's Law equation is rearrange to solve
Initial Final for V 2

P1 1 atm P2 1 atm V1T ( 25.0 L × 353.15 K

V2 = 2 = = 29.6 L
V1 25.0 L V2 ? T
1
) 298.15
25°C 80°C K
T1 → 298.15 K T2 →
353.15K
 AVOGADRO’S
LAW
This state’s that the volume of a gas is directly
proportional to the number the number of particles
at the same pressure and absolute temperature,
regardless the nature of Gas.

FORMULA:
V1 ___
___ V2
=
n1 n 2
 V
___
1 V 2 SAMPLE
___
=
n1 n 2
PROBLEM
A flexible container at an initial volume of 5.120 L contains 8.500 mol
of gas. More gas is then added to the container until it reaches a
final volume of 18.10 L. Assuming the pressure and temperature of
the gas remain constant, calculate the number of moles of gas
added to the container. 5.120 L
____________ 18.10 L
__________
INITIA FINAL =
8.500 mol x
L
V1 5.120 L V2
18.10 L x = 30.05 mol total moles, not the
moles added

n1 8.500 mol n2 ? 30.05 - 8.500 = 21.55 mol

 COMBINED GAS
LAW
Formed when the gas laws of Boyle,
Charles, and Gay-Lusaac are combined
into a single equation to examine the
behavior of a constant amount of gas
when the three gas conditions are
changed.
P V1
____
1 P2V 2
_____
Formula: =
T1 T2
_
 P1 V1
____ P V
SAMPLE _
T1
= _____
2
T2
2

PROBLEM
A gas sample held in a 1.0 L piston at 305 K has a pressure of 0.75
atm. The piston was heated to 387 K at the same time the volume
was expanded to 1.5 L. Will the pressure decrease or increase?
INITIA FINAL
L (0.75 atm)(1.0 L)(387 K)
P1 0.75 atm P2 ? ______________________
____ (1.5 L)(305 K)
V1 1.0 L V2 1.5 L

T1 305 K T2 387 K = 0.63 atm

 SUMMARY
l
C

BOYLE’S LAW CHARLES’S LAW

States that the volume and Suggests the direct relationship

pressure of a gas at constant between the volume and
temperature are inversely temperature of a gas at the same
proportional . pressure.
 SUMMARY
l
C

AVOGADRO’S COMBINED GAS

LAW LAW
States that the volume of a gas is States that the pressure and
directly related to its number of volume are inversely related to
particles (expressed as moles) at each other and that they are both
the same conditions of pressure directly related to temperature.
and temperature.
 QUIZ TIME!

Please prepare your scientific

calculator and your pen.
FORMULAS TO REMEMBER!

V 1
____
V
B PV=P
1 1 2 2
CH =
T 2
____
1
2
V T
V1 ___
___ V2 P1 V1 P2V 2
A = CO
____ = _____
n1 n 2 _
T1 T2
 SOURCES
A
u

Bayquen, A. V., & Pena, G. T. (2022). Exploring life ChemTeam: Gas Law - Avogadro’s Law. (n.d.).
through science: General chemistry (2nd ed.). https://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/Gas-Avogadro.
Publisher. html
ChemTeam: Boyle’s Law Problems #1-15. (n.d.).
https://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/Gas-Boyle-Prob Combined Gas Law | Definition, Formula & example
lems1-15.html - Lesson | Study.com. (n.d.). study.com.
ChemTeam: Charles’ Law. (n.d.).
https://study.com/academy/lesson/combined-gas-law
https://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/Gas-Charles.ht
-definition-formula-example.html?fbclid=IwZXh0bgN
ml
hZW0CMTEAAR1XeaxEZ_4XL8Rk63cSlphrvGSu-cj
ChemTeam: Combined Gas Law - Problems 1 - 15.
JmefaM_r9P9YLUrwzmz2BDMIyYqE_aem_3sRsQw
(n.d.).
lcEIvtE6j-JRYD6Q
https://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/Gas-Combined-
Probs1-15.html
 48
d
C
47 80

A
g
H
g THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!