BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LAND

ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

Cultural Resort

Amhara cultural life style integration with resort Architecture in the case of
Bahir Dar city

Asresahegn Kassaye
11-8-2017
Contents
Chapter one..........................................................................................................................................4
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Background of the study......................................................................................................4
1.2. Statement of problem...........................................................................................................4
1.3. Relevance of the study.........................................................................................................5
1.4. Objective of the study..........................................................................................................5
1.5. Methodology.........................................................................................................................5
Chapter 2..............................................................................................................................................6
2. Literature review.............................................................................................................................6
2.1. Culture.......................................................................................................................................6
2.1.1. Amhara culture..................................................................................................................7
2.3 Tourism.....................................................................................................................................13
2.4. Resort.......................................................................................................................................13
2.4.1. Epistemology....................................................................................................................13
2.4.2. Characteristics features...................................................................................................14
2.4.3. Classification of resorts....................................................................................................14
2.4.4. Resort Design requirement..............................................................................................16
2.4.5. Standard codes.................................................................................................................17
Chapter three.....................................................................................................................................19
3. Case study...................................................................................................................................19
3.1 RANNALHI tourist resort complex........................................................................................19
3.2. THE WIND FLOWER spa and resorts............................................................................29
3.3. SURYA VILLAS hill resort..............................................................................................38
3.4. KURIFTU resort and spa.................................................................................................42
3.5. Case Study summary.........................................................................................................44
Chapter four.......................................................................................................................................45
4. Data collection....................................................................................................................45
4.1. User Experience..............................................................................................................45
4.1.1. Tourism in Bahir Dar and its surrounding..................................................................45
4.1.2. Tourist Arrival Trends in Bahirdar..........................................................................46
4.1.3. Tourist Attractions in Bahir Dar and Its surrounding............................................47
4.1.4. Tourist Service Giving Facilities...............................................................................48
4.2. Site.......................................................................................................................................49
4.2.1. Site selection criteria..................................................................................................49
 4.2.2. Site location.................................................................................................................49
4.2.3. Site information..........................................................................................................51
Chapter Five.......................................................................................................................................53
5. Data Analysis..............................................................................................................................53
5.1 site Analysis........................................................................................................................53
5.2 climatic Analysis.................................................................................................................54
5.3 Activity Analysis.................................................................................................................54
5.4. Program analysis.....................................................................................................................55
 Chapter one
1.Introduction
1.1. Background of the study
Culture is an integral part of our existence. Yet, it is different from people to people. Ethiopia
is a land of plenty with a long and noble history-giving rise to ethnic, linguistic and cultural
diversity. There are more than 80 unique rich ethnic, life style and linguistic groups in
Ethiopia. Amhara is one of Ethiopia ethnic group that have its own language, custom,
housing style, food, drink type, dancing, sport, recreational activity etc…, and has physical
and spiritual heritages. However, this strong and beautiful culture affected by globalization
and they are losing their identities.
Tourism is one of the largest and rapidly growing industries in the world, especially country
like Ethiopia who have different culture and heritage have great opportunity for this industry.
The number of tourist flow is increase time to time. Tourist flow to Bahir Dar, the capital city
of Amhara Region. The main destination of tourist is Lake Tana and its Island Monastery.
Beside this tourist, enjoy cultural activity and life style of Bahir Dar, which revel most
Amhara culture.
Resort is one element that we can show our culture like housing style, hospitality, customs,
sport activities etc…Also resort is a place where most tourist are interested to rest and visit.
Therefore, if we integrate resort with life style of society we can preserve the culture and
increase tourist attraction.

1.2. Statement of problem

Bahir Dar is the capital city of Amhara region, in which different cultural activity are held
and have community, which come from different place of Amhara region and represent their
ethnic group and show different life style. Nevertheless, the process of globalization is
changing local traditions and regional differences, instated their creating a homogenized
world culture. Globalization has not only influenced the socio-cultural environment, but also
the architecture, urban environment and rural environment.
Even if Amhara have strong cultural integrity, is not escape from these phenomena. For
instance, resort in Bahir Dar they have local character housing style, but activities are
completely western and limited, they just have swimming pool, restaurant and room service.
Most cultural aspect are ignored.
When Tourist travel to a place, they want to know cultural aspect of that place. However, if
they get their own style they have no much interest to that place and they do not feel the
culture and life style. Even tourist have not get standard service from the resort. This effect
on customer satisfaction and tourist flow to our country.
 1.3. Significance of the study
This study showing resort has potential to preserving our good culture and life style and it is a
means of enhancing tourism industry

1.4. Objective of the study

The main objective this thesis project is to design a cultural resort that revel the cultural life
style of the society in Bahir Dar city.
Specific objective
1. To study the cultural activity and life style of Amhara Region
2. To review literature on cultural resort
3. To integrate cultural life style and activities with resort
4. To design Amhara cultural resort

1.5. Methodology
 Chapter 2
2. Literature review
2.1. Culture
Culture is an integral part of our existence. Yet, it is different from people to people
According to Tylor (1871, 1) the first person to give the definition of culture said that culture
is a complicated definition due to several different factors, such as knowledge, belief, art,
morals, law, custom, and all other kinds of skills or routines people may have. Culture is the
way people function and communicate with each other all the time. It literally means that
culture plays a crucial role in people’s attitudes and it defines people’s actions (Tayeb 1996,
36). When humans are considered as an engine to establish and reform society, culture
becomes a basic measure to assess activities as well as understanding people.
Culture is a way of life, a complete design for living for a group of people that includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, and customs. Values and norms
Let us define culture. A widely accepted and easily understood definition is:
"Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws,
customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society"
From this definition, we may conclude that culture has both leaning and teaching
capabilities. In other words, everyone in the group teaches and learns capabilities. The details
of the processes of leaning and teaching Vary from culture to culture, group to group, or from
place
Man x environment=culture
Characteristics of Culture
 Exists in the minds of people
 Varies considerably
 Although different in some respects,
 cultures resemble one another
 Once learned it tends to persist
 Gradually change over time
 Nobody is culture free
 Variation within a given culture
Functions of Culture
 Communicate with others
 Makes it possible to anticipate others’ actions
 Standards to distinguish right from wrong; safe/dangerous
 Provide knowledge & skills for meeting sustenance needs
 Identification with society & community
2.1.1. Amhara culture

Among the many ethnic groups in Ethiopia, the Amhara are the most populous, representing
about one-fourth of the population. Their language, Amharic, is the official language of
Ethiopia. From the time when modern Ethiopia was the realm of Abyssinia, the Amhara and
the Tigray filled the ranks of the political elite of the country, except when the Italians
controlled Ethiopia as a colony from 1936 to 1942. Until 1974, all Ethiopian emperors were
either Amhara or Tigray. In the 1990s, Tigray dominate the Ethiopian government. Amhara
remain a dominant social force, however.

Location

The traditional homeland of the Amhara people is the central highland plateau of Ethiopia.
For over two thousand years, they have inhabited this region. Walled by high mountains and
cleaved by great gorges, the ancient realm of Abyssinia has been relatively isolated from the
influences of the rest of the world. The region is situated at altitudes ranging from roughly
7,000 to 14,000 feet (2,100 to 4,300 meters) and at 9 o to 14 o latitude north of the equator.
The rich volcanic soil combines with a generous rainfall and cool, brisk climate to offer the
Amhara a stable agricultural and pastoral existence. However, because the Amhara were an
expansionist, militaristic people who ruled their country through a line of emperors, the
Amhara people can now be found all over Ethiopia.

Language

The language of the Amhara people is Amharic. It is a Semitic language somewhat related to
Arabic and Hebrew. Its origins derive from a Sabean language spoken by merchants and
traders who migrated into Ethiopia from the Yemen region of South Arabia about 3,000 years
ago. This South Arabian population settled in the highlands of Ethiopia as farmers and
traders, and they mixed with those inhabitants already present. These earlier residents are
known as the Agau people. Borrowing occurred from the Agau language and Amharic
emerged as it is spoken today.

Folklore

Amhara culture has a wealth of folklore in the form of proverbs, legends, myths, and
religious parables and anecdotes. This folklore often teaches moral lessons to children and
reminds adults of proper conduct. It also provides explanations for phenomena that are
otherwise unexplainable to the average Amhara peasant farmer, since scientific explanations
are most often outside the realm of Amhara knowledge. One example of story that weaves
explanation into a cultural institution and reinforces the institution is the "phenomenon" of
menstruation. Since reproductive biology is outside the understanding of many Amhara, a
folktale was developed to explain this monthly occurrence.

The Amhara culture is patriarchal and authoritarian, emphasizing the perceived superiority of
the male over the female. Historically, the Amhara people had an imperialistic, militant, and
expansionist government led by highly capable emperors directing armies with superior
military strategies. Consequently, much of Amhara folklore idealizes the image of the
Amhara warrior who vanquishes the enemy through the shedding of the enemies' blood. In
the same way that a warrior sheds the blood of his enemy, according to Amhara folklore, so
God has "cursed" woman, shedding her blood each month to remind her that she is the
vanquished, the servant of her father and her husband. In return for her loyalty, she will be
rewarded with healthy children, a large family, and a strong man to keep her family safe.
There are also stories that teach that the enemy is not to be hated but is rather to be
appreciated, because without an enemy, how is a warrior to prove his worth and establish his
identity and status in his community and society?

Religion

The Amhara people are Coptic Monophysite Christians. The population was converted to
Christianity in the fourth century AD and their form of the religion has changed very little
since its beginnings in Ethiopia. Ancient Amhara culture had a writing system, and therefore,
there is a wealth of texts that have preserved the ancient teachings of Christianity in a
language that is not spoken by people today but remains the language of the church. This
language is Geez. Since Geez is used only in the context of Amhara Christianity, its function
is similar to that of Latin in the Roman Catholic Church.

Amhara Christianity is very unlike what Westerners recognize as Christianity. Ethiopian

Christianity is loaded with Old Testament religion and folklore, as well as elements of a so-
called "pagan" religion. Hence, we can say that Amhara religion consists of four separate but
interwoven realms of religious belief. First, there is the dominant Monophysite Christian
religion, which includes the Almighty God, the Devil, and the saints and angels in Heaven.
Second, there are the zar and adbar protector spirits who exact tribute in return for physical
and emotional security and who may punish or neglect believers for failure to recognize them
through the practice of the appropriate rituals. Third is the belief in buda, a class of people
who possess the evil eye and exert a deadly power over the descendants of God's "chosen
children." The fourth category of beliefs includes the ghouls and devils that prowl the
countryside, creating danger for unsuspecting people who cross their path. Although the
Christian beliefs have been practiced since nearly the beginning of Christianity, the "pagan"
elements probably go back much further.

Major holidays

Every Amhara person has a patron saint who is recognized on that saint's day. The
celebration involves the host throwing a party for relatives and friends at his or her
homestead, serving coffee and small treats, and having hours of conversation. There are also
major saints' days that everyone celebrates. Saints Mary (Mariam), Michael (Mikaeyl),
Gabriel (Gahbrieyl), and George (Giyorgis) are among those saints celebrated by all. On
these days, chickens, sheep, or goats may be slaughtered for feasting. There are also more
than two hundred days of the year in the Coptic Christian calendar that prescribe fasting,
including Easter. Additionally, there are secular holidays such as Battle of Adwa Day,
celebrating the victory over the Italians in 1896, and more recently Freedom Day, celebrating
the driving out of the previous communist dictatorship in 1991.

Rites of passage

Marriage and death mark two major rites of passage in Amhara society. Since female
virginity is highly valued, girls are very often married young, normally shortly after the first
menstruation, but sometimes even earlier. Marriage is an elaborate celebration involving gift-
giving negotiations and reciprocities, feasting, date-planning, new house-building for the
couple, and so on. The actual wedding is an all-day, all-night party involving feasting,
drinking, and intense conversation. Marrying a woman who is not a virgin is considered
dishonorable.

The ritual of death is a very quiet affair. Upon the passing of an aged person the body is
washed, wrapped in new funerary clothing, and, within twenty-four hours of death, is carried
in a woven straw mat to the church, where it is buried, accompanied by the prayers of the
priest. The death of a person who is younger, by accident or disease, is a time of great shock
and sadness and often involves much more community activity. For a period of time after the
burial, relatives and friends will visit the house of the deceased and sit for a time in quietude.
The host will serve coffee, bread, and small snacks to the visitors, who offer their prayers and
condolences before departing.

Relationships

The Amhara maintain considerable formality in their interpersonal relations. There are
prescribed behaviors of deference to individuals of higher social status. A rich inventory of
proverbs and parables teaches proper conduct for public behavior; children with parents and
older relatives; women with their husbands; and men with older or more powerful men. But
among status equals—children among themselves; men together in informal situations, such
as in beer houses; women enjoying coffee together; men and women in private—there is
informality and the free expression of feeling.

Living conditions

Amhara peasants lead a life that has not changed much in the past few thousand years. They
continue to practice an ancient form of agriculture that involves ox-drawn plows, simple
irrigation techniques or complete dependency on rainfall, and simple tools for harvesting
crops of wheat, barley, hops, beans, and an Ethiopian grain called teff. In times past, the cool,
temperate highland plateau was blessed with a fertile volcanic soil and ample rainfall to make
possible three harvests per year. However, the drought and famine of the 1980s, which
continue in parts of the highlands today, have affected regions of Amharaland. Because the
new Ethiopian government, which took over in 1991, is unsympathetic to the Amhara people,
the Amhara continue to suffer hardships from the climatic disaster, as well as from political
discrimination.

In the city, the Amhara live among peoples from many other cultural groups in tightly
clustered villages. Their houses are built of mud, with corrugated iron roofs. Some travelers
have called Addis Ababa in central Ethiopia "the city of iron roofs." Families most often have
either latrine-type toilets or no human waste disposal system at all. In most of these urban
settlements, the only source of water is a public pipe.

Family life

Both peasant farmers and city residents value large families. Married couples seek to have
many children. Parents who have seven living children are considered to be blessed by God.
Children represent a source of economic support when they are grown. Many children in a
family promise many grandchildren who are a joy to be with, and a promise of carrying on
family traditions.
The day begins at dawn. The woman boils the water, roasts the coffee beans, and pounds
them into the grounds that are brewed for the morning coffee. She prepares the breakfast,
which is often the leftovers from dinner the night before. The children eat first and are sent on
their errands that contribute to the tasks of the household. Then the husband eats his
breakfast. In the city, the husband goes off to work, if he has work, while the wife remains at
home caring for her children and the children of relatives and friends. Often women have
their own jobs; many women own coffee or beer houses or work in hair salons. One
commonly sees an unrelated child working in the house, taking care of a baby and doing
simple household chores. This child may be an orphan or one who was abandoned in the
streets of Addis Ababa because of extreme poverty.

Clothing

The Amhara live at cold, high altitudes. Even the capital city of Addis Ababa lies at about
7,500 feet (2,300 meters). Therefore, Amhara clothing is designed to conserve body heat. The
Amhara of the city today commonly wear Western-type clothing made in China, Singapore,
and the Philippines. But many still prefer the native dress, which consists of jodhpur trousers
and a long shirt, covered by a soft, sheet-sized cotton wrap called a gabi. This is worn by
both men and women, but the style of these clothes varies according to the gender of the
person. In the countryside, the Amhara do not wear shoes, but in the towns and the city shoes
are generally worn to protect the feet against the debris of the streets.

FOOD

The range of altitude in Ethiopia allows for a great variety of food crops to be grown. In the
highlands the Amhara grow barley, wheat, hops, and a variety of beans. In the mid-range
altitudes the farmer can grow millet and teff, another variety of wheat. The major export cash
crop, coffee, is grown in this mid-range ecology. Coffee is an important part of Ethiopian
cuisine but it is also produced for export. In the lowlands, the Amhara grow cayenne pepper,
which is also central to the cuisine of Ethiopia. Cayenne pepper is mixed with any of a dozen
other spices to make the traditional Ethiopian berbere sauce. Sugar cane is a major lowland
crop.

EDUCATION

Traditionally, formal education was under the authority of the Ethiopian Coptic Christian
Church. However, in modern times, encouraged by the last emperor, Haile Selassie I (1892–
1975), secular (nonreligious) education has become dominant in urban areas, and is also
available in the countryside. Additionally, Western-sponsored institutions provide an
education that allows students to enter the Addis Ababa University. This university provides
good training in political science, economics, history, and anthropology. Today, many
students may also attend universities in Europe and America, where they conduct
postgraduate studies.

CULTURAL HERITAGE

Some 3,000 years ago, Semitic-speaking people (very likely including Jews) from South
Arabia crossed the straits of Bab-el-Mendab into the highlands of Ethiopia. Discovery of the
fertile soils there brought an influx of farmers, traders, and merchants. These people had
developed agricultural skills including terracing and irrigation. They practiced sophisticated
techniques of construction that included stone-masonry. They were also skilled in weaving
and making incense. Their writing system was based on 256 characters. They established a
large-scale political system that enabled them to build a centralized empire. The earliest and
most notable example of this was the city-state of Axum where, in the mid-fourth century, the
emperor Ezana converted his people to Christianity.

EMPLOYMENT

In the countryside, work roles and specific tasks are segregated according to age and sex.
Children collect cow dung from the fields, throw it into a hole, mix it with water, and make
cow pie batter which is then shaped into round, flat pies and dried to use as fuel for the
hearthfires. Women carry water to their homesteads using large, round, narrow-necked clay
jugs that can weigh over 100 pounds (45 kilograms). They also grind grain, make bread,
prepare meals, and make beer and liquor. Men plow fields, cut grain, litigate in court, and
serve in the local militia. Both men and women look forward to the weekly market day when
goods are bartered, bought, and sold, and social activity is enjoyed. In the towns and city,
numerous small businesses flourish, selling everything imaginable. Beggars are a very
common sight in the city, and include ex-soldiers from the losing side of the recent civil war;
mothers carrying their infant children; old men and women with no means of support; and
children whose families have been lost in the war, from disease, or who have simply
abandoned them because of extreme poverty.

SPORTS

Soccer, known as "football," is a passion among most Ethiopians. Running is also a very
popular sport, as well as a mode of physical conditioning. Amhara and other Ethiopians are
prime marathon runners because the high altitude prepares them well for competition in other
countries. There is also the traditional sport of ganna, which is similar to hockey. The
whipping contest carried out on the holiday of Buhe is a test of Amhara endurance and
toughness. In this contest, two teams come together on a "battlefield" and whip each other
until one team flees or is so badly beaten that the elders proclaim the other team the victors.
This is considered a true test of masculinity and warrior abilities, traits that are emphasized in
Amhara culture.

RECREATION

In the countryside, children make their own toys such as dolls, animals, weapons, and cars
out of mud, sticks, rocks, rags, tin cans, and the like. Male youths engage in competitive
sports. Adults drink in the drinking houses, sing, dance, gossip, and patronize the minstrels
who travel from village to village singing of the news and gossip.

CRAFTS AND HOBBIES

Amhara painting is a dominant art form in Ethiopia. It is usually oil on canvas or hide, and it
normally involves religious themes. Ethiopian paintings from the Middle Ages are known by
art historians from Europe and America as distinct treasures of human civilization. The
Amhara are also weavers of beautiful patterns embellished with embroidery. They are fine
gold- and silversmiths and produce delicate works of filigree jewelry and religious emblems.
 Amhara, people, town/district of Semyen, Gondar/ GWender Region

Amhara, people, town/district of LalibeIa, Welo/ Wollo Region

Gojam Region
2.3 Tourism
Tourism is one of the largest and rapidly growing industries in the world. According to the
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2007), there were 846 million international tourist
arrivals in 2006 only, which showed an increase of 5.4% over the previous year. Ethiopia in
2006 is 290,000 which is more than five times smaller than the number in neighboring
Kenya, 1,644,000 (WDI,2010). Even then, it is a major source of foreign exchange earnings
in the country claiming an average of 23.34% of the total export earnings from 1995 to 2007
(WDI, 2010).
2.3.1. Tourism in Bahir Dar and its surrounding
Owing to the city's strategic location (i.e. being located near two major sources of water in
the country—Lake Tana and Blue Nile/Abay River) and close to major historical sites like
the monasteries (islands in Lake Tana), wildlife reserves of the Simien Mountains, the old
historical cities of Gondar, Lalibela and Axum with good road and air connections, make the
city not only one of the fast growing in Ethiopia, but also one that has multi-faceted
opportunities/potentials for growth and this has contributed a lot for tourism growth in the
City.

The city has various species of green plants/forests of either natural or artificial (manmade)
types. Species of the former are disappearing from the site except for the remnants that are
found along the banks of Abay River, the shores of Lake Tana, in/around parks, inside the
compounds of churches, and in some of the hill areas. Clearing of forests and/or deforestation
in the city is a long-lived experience to meet the dwellers demand for fuel wood, construction
material for buildings, household furniture and technical tools, urban agriculture, etc. The
dominant species of greenery in the city are Eucalyptus and Zembaba. The latter is
dominantly planted along the sides of the roads as a shed tree and beautification.

Development of recreation facilities in Bahir Dar is very important as the city has a great
potential to play the role of a resort centre in the region. The existence of a newly built resort
hotel is of a great significance in this regard. There have been a number of parks that are used
as recreation areas in the core areas of Bahir Dar. To mention some of them “Hidar 11” with
45500 m2, “Shum Abo” with 16250 m2, “Meskel Adebabay” with 48720 m2, and “Koteta
Terara” with 151600 m2 area are the most notables. Mango and Bingo parks are the other
two most important areas, which have been administered under Lake Tana Transport
Enterprise (LTTE) (IDP, 2006).
 2.3.2. Tourist Arrival Trends in Bahir Dar
The trend in tourist arrivals is generally considered as an indicator of the market potential for
the hospitality industry and particularly for tourist recommended hotels. The arrivals trend in
Bahir Dar and its surrounding is continuously on the rise over the last decade.

Bahir Dar’s Tourism and Culture office statistics show that in 2003 E.C., Bahir Dar received
52,336 domestic and international tourists and gained about 76.05 million birr receipts from
the tourists. Arrivals to Bahir Dar grew annually by about 22% during the last decade.
Similarly, income generated from tourists has shown an average annual growth rate of 8%
between 1993 E.C. and 1999 E.C. and by 14% between 2001 & 2003 E.C.

Table 1: Tourist arrivals to Bahir Dar and receipts obtained

Year Int'l Sub

Receipts Tourist Receip
Domestic Tourist
(E.C.) Tourist Total
Obtained s t
1993 16,813 5,308 22,121
162,944 0.23 0.09
1994 17,608 7,474 25,082
211,142 0.13 0.30
1995 17,613 8,864 26,477
226,213 0.06 0.07
1996 15,555 7,955 23,510
197,891 (0.11) (0.13)
1997 14,700 8,675 23,375
193,741 (0.01) (0.02)
1998 18,960 8,824 27,784
204,474 0.19 0.06
1999 23,561 10,083 33,644
250,637 0.21 0.23
53,446,47
2000 26,710 11,774 38,484 0.14 212.24
2
57,167,88
2001 28,542 12,613 41,155 0.07 0.07
8
55,848,76
2002 22,880 14,286 37,166 (0.10) (0.02)
7
76,055,13
2003 33,989 18,347 52,336 0.41 0.36
2
15,293,09
Average 18,364 8,966 27,330 22% 1434%
3
Source: Bahir Dar City Tourism and Culture Office, 2004 E.C.
The majority of tourists coming to Bahir Dar are vacation tourists. Dominance of vacation
tourists is in fact an indicator of the real start of healthy tourism development in the vicinity,
which by itself will have a positive impact on the growth and development of the hospitality
industry.

2.3.3. Tourist Attractions in Bahir Dar and Its surrounding

As stated before, Bahir Dar and its surroundings have numerous natural, cultural and
manmade attractions. The City is one of the leading and best tourist destinations in Ethiopia
with a variety of attractions in the nearby Lake Tana and Blue Nile River. Lake Tana is the
only lake in the area which is the source of the Blue Nile and covers more than 3,000 km2 of
 the total drainage area of 15,320 km2 above the outlet. The city is distinctly known for its
wide avenues lined with palm trees and a variety of colorful flowers. It is also considered as
one of the most beautiful, well-planned, and safest cities in Africa by many standards, and in
2002 it was awarded UNESCO Cities for Peace Prize for managing to address the challenges
of rapid social and economic developments. The following table summarizes attractions in
and around Bahir Dar.

Table 2: Tourist attractions in Bahir Dar and its surroundings

Type of the Accessibility

attraction Dista Condition
nce

Traditional
Manmade
Historical
Natural
from
Location the
S. Name of the of the City Vehic Bo Walkin
No. attraction attraction (k.m.) le at g
1 Lake Tana  - 
2Monastries
Mehal Zegie
2.1 Giorgis Lake Tana -    18 
"
2.2 Wura Kidanemihret " -    15 
"
2.3 Azwa Mariam " -    15 
"
2.4 Kebran Gebriel " -    7 
"
2.5 Intos Eyesus " -    7 
"
2.6 Debre Mariam " -    5 
4
hours
" on
2.7 Tana Kirkos " -    boat 
"
2.8 Daga Estifanos " -    
"
2.9 Betre Mariam " -    
2.1 "
0. Narga Silassie " -    
2.1 Yiganda "
1 Teklehaymanot " -    
half
Tis Abay hour on
3 Tis Abay Fountain Town  31  foot
Tis Abay
4 Alata Bridge Town  31 
 Type of the Accessibility
attraction Dista Condition
nce

Traditional
Manmade
Historical
Natural
from
Location the
S. Name of the of the Bo Walkin City Vehic
No. attraction attraction at g (k.m.) le
Amhara Martrys Bahir Dar
5 Monument City  
Bezawit Palace & Bahir Dar
6 River Abay City   3 
Source: Amhara National Regional State Culture and Tourism Bureau, 2004 E.C.

Amhara Martry's Monument, Mulualem Cultural Center and Wura Kidanemihret are the
three museums in Bahir Dar City and its surrounding. One can find different artifacts made of
wood, pearls, etc. in the museums.

The City has also three parks (River Abay Milineum park, Melihik Menafesha & Tayitu
Menafesha) which render various services for their users. The parks have a range of services
which include sport fields, landscape, ecological and wetland area, children's recreational
place, bird watching and other fun services.

2.3.4. Tourist Service Giving Facilities

Bahir Dar has a number of hotels, bars, resorts, restaurants, etc. and other tourist service
giving institutions. The city has 15 classified tourist standard hotels (with combined 595
bedrooms and 20 conference rooms), 15 traditional night clubs and five tour agents who work
both on land and water. There are also 30 tour agents who exclusively work on Lake Tana,
having about 45 boats with a total seating capacity between 326 and 676 people.

The largest tour agent on Lake Tana is ‘Tana Transport Organization’. The organization has
four larger boats with a seating capacity between 40 and 350 people at a time. The majority
have boats with 10 to 15 persons seating capacity per boat at a time. The City has also some
41 souvenir shops. Recently Tourist Information Centers have been opened in Bahir Dar City
and Tis Abay town.

2.4. Resort
Resort hotels are frequented by the customer on vacation. They may feature amenities that
will permit their clientele to relax and have fun. Popular amenities may include: spas, pools,
beach or mountain locations, on-site kids' activities. restaurants, pool bars and babysitting
services. Concierges are often available to help patrons find restaurants or book sightseeing
tours. Patrons often stay a week or more. Resort hotels, because of their many amenities,
often attain high star ratings.
A resort also a place to spend holidays for relaxation and recreation so that; one can give
dynamism to their leisure time. Oxfords dictionary defines resort as place that is frequented
for holidays or recreation or for a particular purpose. One can go and swim in resort, can
have lunch, can go just to pass time, plan an overnight stay and lit campfire, artist can
complete their portrait, novelist can finish novel, a poet can create his poem and tourist can
have charming stay there. A resort can function as a conference center, as a meeting center,
as a banquette, as restaurant, as a health club and various other functions. A resort could be
day serving and night serving, and it provides the cuisine service. According to the new
definition, µ A resort is a full-service lodging facility that provides access to or offers a
range of amenities and recreation facilities to emphasize a leisure experience.
Resorts serve as the primary provider of the guests experience, often provide services for
business and meetings, and are characteristically located in vacation-oriented settings. If
we go through the history of resort, it dates back to Roman era where Thermo serves
multifunctional recreation activity and most popular among this is Baiae.
2.4.1. Epistemology
Throughout history, since the ancient Greek and Roman period, people have looked for a
facility or place to get away from and escape the hazards and social evils that goes hand
in hand with crowded cities. Simple spaces from public gardens, plazas, and public
squares to the Roman bath house and more modern hotels, resorts, lodges, spas, and
country clubs. What these facilities have shared, through time, is the need to meet
entertainment, social, and recreational needs of its users.

Source: Hotel Planning and Design

2.4.2. Characteristics features
• A destination in itself.
• Contains the necessary guest attraction capabilities
• Guest should feel “being special”
• Exoticity, uniqueness and often oddity are quality for the resorts
Visitor looks for
1. Freedom than confinement
2. Informality rather than rigidity
3. Rustic rather than regular
2.4.3. Classification of resorts
A) Based on their facilities and services
1) Integrated Resorts Every possible facility, service and amenities
2) Town Resorts specific attraction location hill stations, beach etc.
3) Retreat Resorts: Located in remote areas for isolated vacation environment. Like small
island etc.
B) Based on their design features, facilities and nature.
1) National attractions-
• Health Centers,
• Sports Centers,
• Holiday Centers,
• Wildlife centers.
2) Special historic and cultural centers
3) other sectors
• Man made attraction
• Centers of education
Holiday resorts:
• Destination by virtue of its scenic beauty
• Infrastructure kept minimum as compare to the site
• Emphasize on the context/nature.
• Exploit the prevailing condition to the fullest
• Use of large fenestration and viewing deck
• Emphasize on the external environment
Planning for integration with exterior environment
• seamlessly flows of nature into the cottages
• Mimicking external environment
• space acts like a heavenly transition space between the external environment.
Sports resorts:
• Developed for various sports like skiing, watersports, beach sports, aero sports, golf etc.
Skiing resort:
• locate themselves at the slope or foot of the mountain
• ski-in and ski-out access right from their door
• first aid facility and ski patrol
• analytical planning to gain vertical drops and ski lifts and different user like beginners,
intermediate and the professionals
Health resorts and spa:
• Health care facility and a resort
• In search of spiritualism, calmness, rehabilitation from any bad habits.
• Use of traditional and vernacular architecture.
• Traditional/ local and western method of treatment.
• Encourage guests to take part in various sports and communal gathering.
• Positioning of yoga center, meditation center and the walk paths to gain maximum view.
Wildlife resort:
• Remote location wildlife sanctuary or inside a national park
• For tourist, wildlife lovers, to stay deep inside forest close to wildlife.
• Ecotourism & semi-permanent
• No disturbing wildlife, forest & nature.
• Panoramic view from distant position.
• Camping and camp firing facility
• Tent living or the tree house.
• Ambience of the forest living
Special historic and cultural resorts
• Destination for Old heritage and culture
• Highlights the history, culture of certain place or the family habituating
• to respect pre-existing architecture
• Harmony with the existing material
• Proper representation of character, history, and culture of existing building.
2.4.4. Resort Design requirement
1. Setbacks. A landscaped setback not less than 20 feet shall be provided to the extent it abut
public or Private Street or freeway. A landscaped setback not less than five feet between
buildings and interior property lines shall be provided.
2. Building Landscaping. A five-foot minimum landscaped area shall be provided to
separate ground floor units from pedestrian walkways, project amenities and drive
aisles/parking areas.
3. Landscaping Standards. Except as provided otherwise herein, the site shall be
landscaped according to the commercial landscape standards.
4. Drop-off Zones. A porte-cochere and/or covered drop-off zones for vehicles and
pedestrians, independent of drive aisles, shall be provided to accommodate guest loading and
drop-off and serve as the formal entry to the hotel.
5. Pedestrian Walkways. The primary pedestrian walkway must be a minimum of eight feet
wide. Primary walkways are those that connect a pedestrian from the street to the main entry
and from the building to any on-site amenities. All other secondary walkways are to be a
minimum of four feet in width exclusive of vehicle overhang.
6. Walls/Fences. A six-foot high minimum decorative wall or fence designed in the same
manner as the proposed building shall be provided along the side and rear property lines,
except at reciprocal driveways, parking areas and pedestrian accesses. Said wall shall not
exceed 36 inches in height within 20 feet of the property line abutting a street.
7. Open Space. A minimum of 1,000 square feet of common open space shall be provided at
a 50 square feet per guest unit ratio up to a total of 7,500 square feet, exclusive of required
setbacks. Common open space shall consist of a minimum of 50 percent ground level open
space that is sod-covered or landscaped with a minimum dimension of 20 feet in each
direction. The remaining may consist of indoor or outdoor amenities as listed below.
8. Amenities. Outdoor and indoor amenities are required to be provided which shall
include spa, pool, weight room/training stations and business center.
9. Kitchen. Each guest room shall have a kitchen. Such kitchen shall include a kitchen
sink with disposal, cooking appliances, refrigeration facilities, dry food and utensil storage,
and a food preparation area having a clear working space of not less than 30 inches (762mm).
Light and ventilation conforming to the Uniform Building Code shall be provided.
10. Laundry Room. Laundry room facility shall include one washer and one dryer for each
30 units or fractions thereof
11. Meeting Rooms. There shall be a minimum of 800 square feet of interior floor area
devoted for conference and meeting rooms, exclusive of dining, breakfast and lobby areas.
12. Lobby. A minimum of 500 square feet of interior floor area shall be devoted for lobby.
At least 50 percent of the lobby area is required to have a ceiling height of 12 feet.
13. Minimum Room Size. Each guest room shall be a minimum of 220 square feet (20 m2).
14. Pre-wired Rooms. Each guest room shall be pre-wired with telephone, cable television
and internet service.
15. Exterior Building Materials. The exterior building materials need to include natural
stone (marble, granite, slate, etc.) or cultured stone.

2.4.5. Standard codes

1. Circulation: Circulation in public spaces should be wherever possible through areas of other use
such as lounges or shopping precincts, or have a special use, such as lobbies. The general
circulation layout should facilitate movement and, as far as possible, provide for the separation of
guests, staff and maintenance personnel. This is not just to avoid disturbing the guests, but also to
enable efficient servicing. Separate the circulation of resident and non-resident guests; for instance,
by providing direct access to restaurants and banqueting halls. This avoids congestion in the main
reception area and gives better control and supervision.
2. Environment: The internal environment must be attractive, engender confidence in the operation
and leave a memorable impression.
3. Lighting: Lighting should assist in providing the appropriate environment, differentiate
spaces, and illuminate signs and hazards, etc. as appropriate. It may change with time of day.
External lighting needs to draw attention to the hotel and highlight an inviting entrance.
Noise: Noise will be generated both outside and inside a resort and the rooms within will need to be
protected from it, guest and staff circulations should not mix, All piped services are liable to create
or transmit noise, ventilation ducting such as bathroom ventilation can reduce sound insulation, and
lifts should not be next to bedrooms.
4. Safety Planning: safe positioning of equipment, with adequate working space
5. Floors: non-slip, easily cleanable, effective marking of steps and edges
6. Doors: check door swings for clearance and visibility
7. Windows: must be safe to clean, and not open accidentally
8. Bathrooms: correct positions of fixings, non-slip floors, electrical safety
9. Kitchens: ditto, work areas to be well lit, and
10. Machinery: properly guarded, and maintained.
11. Fire precaution:
The common causes of resort fires are kitchens, smoking, and electrical. The three principal
precautions are as follows:
 Structural protection: Combustible materials may be prohibited in escape routes.
 Active protection: This covers the installation of fixed equipment to detect fires, raise the
alarm, and put them out. There must be access for fire brigade vehicles and appliances,
and provision of firemen’s lifts. Special water storage tanks and fixed fire mains and
hydrants may be required.
 Means of escape: Current building regulations require:
•Alternative directions of escape, normally at least two from any point
•Protected escape routes to be of adequate width and unobstructed
•Final escape must be free; not into a closed courtyard, and Maximum times are laid down for the
complete evacuation of the building.
12. Security: Control of property, Control of entry to bedrooms, Provision of safes and strong
rooms for valuable items, Surveillance of everyone entering or leaving, Baggage handling and
checking, and Security of resort out door.
13. Hygiene: Failure to maintain a proper standard of hygiene can lead to a hotel or resort being
closed down. The designer should specify:
• Impervious easily cleaned surfaces
• Facilities to prevent cross-contamination of food
• Control of ventilation and temperature
• Protection against flies, rodents or smells
• Means of washing food, utensils, and surroundings
• Sanitary, washing and changing facilities for staff, and
• Proper refuse storage and disposal.
14. Piped service: Large quantities of water are used for catering, boilers, swimming pools,
cleaning, firefighting and irrigation of grounds.
15. Communication: Telephones, Public address, Radio & TV, Staff paging & Computer
systems.
16. Bedrooms: overall bedroom areas:
• 2-star: 20–22m²
• 3-star: 25–27m²
• 4-star: 30–34m²
• 5-star/exclusive 36m² minimum.
• Corridors in bedroom areas should be minimized. Widths vary from 1.3 m wide for 2-star
to 1.8 to 2.0 m wide for 5-star and there should be Terraces and balconies in bedrooms.
17. Entrance: The impression created by the main entrance is important and defines the type of
resort.
18. Lounges: They are more likely to be part of an irregular area joining public rooms to the
entrance area, or part of a bar.
19. Dining rooms: The main dining room must be directly adjacent to the main kitchen.
20. Offices: The manager’s office is usually adjacent to reception for reasons of control. Other
offices, accounting, records, etc. can be elsewhere as long as communication to reception is
good.
21. The other facilities that may be required are:
• Staffroom for staff and Manager’s flat
• House doctor or nurse, and sickbay and Day nurseries (especially in resort hotels)
• Gymnasium or fitness center _ Sauna or Turkish baths _ Cinema _ Meeting rooms_
Press, interview or lecture rooms and Changing rooms for swimming pools
• Service flats or suites and VIP rooms,
22. Access and parking

Chapter three
3. Case study
3.1 Rannalhi tourist resort complex
 Architecture: Ashley de vos consultants and mano panniah associate
 Structure type: pitched roof building
 Location: south male atoll Maldives India
 No. of floor: 2
 Area of site 5 acres/ 2ha
 Structure material: RCC
 Function: residential tourist beach resort
 Type: rural Maldivian village
3.2. The wind flower spa and resorts
 Architect: ar. Cp. Raj
 Structure type: pitched roof building
 Location: vythiri, wayanad Kerala, southwestern India
 No. of floor: 1
 Area of site: 25 acres/ 10.2 ha
 Structure material: RCC
 Function: residential spa resort
 Type: typical Kerala style
Brief of site
 The site having one side entry through snakish way.
 It has several uniqueness in the resort to mattract the tourist such as chembara peak,water
boat, mountaineering etc.
 It has all the facilities to give the relaxations in sense of services is spa, restaurant in the air
and natural relaxations.
Planning aspect,
 It has linear types of planning.
 Linear form of planning is batter to occupy the site area.
 These types of form does not keep negative space.
 Balcony has been provided to enjoy the every moment of the resort.
 Each room is well occupied.
 Every room having balcony which leading toward hill
Detail of construction
• It is rcc framed structure which is constructed in local Kerala style.
• It has sloping roof, on that has applied local munglow tiles to give traditional look of
Kerala.
• As a form of landscape & pedestal movement paving stone block used.
Conclusion
• It is designed on peak of the vyithiri, which has view of the whole surrounding places.
• It has linear planning with appropriate vegetation.
• Architecturally the space has been not been utilize.
• It has lack of recreational space.
• Having the view of the chemabara peak with embracing cloud.

Merits
 It is linear planning to maintain the privacy newly planted trees has been used.
 The entire zone has been separated by means of pedestal pathway.
 Spa is located in cool & calm are to get batter concentration.
 It is solid and wide in structure.
 It is on peak of vythiri having fantails view.
 Having direct view of chembara peak form restaurant.
Demerits
• between two houses has not barrier to maintain privacy.
• Wide range of area has lack of utilization.
• Having scarcity of recreational area.
3.3. Surya villas hill resort
Location: solan, kumarhatti, himachal, Northern India
Area: 12 Acres/4.8 ha
Structure type: pitched roof building
No. of floor: 2
Structure material:
Function: hill resort
Type: typical
Rooms: 55

Highlights of the project:

-selection of construction friendly slope and direction, south facing.
-interplay of levels and correlation with circulation through stairways.
-maintaining the visibility of the site through main approachable road.
-limiting vehicular access at a level to maintain a pollution free environment within the
resort.
-promoting climate responsive and green architecture: solar panels, electric vehicle, use of
waste water in landscaping
 Respecting the Existing Terrain, Maintaining Levels, Improving reach and circulation
within the site, Co-relating the Landscape with the building and terrain, and a beautiful
display of retaining walls.
 Creating a huge Public Space alongside swimming is an intelligent display of this resort
design. It is located at the top of the resort to maintain privacy and connection with local
environment.
.
Climate responsive architecture
- Use of solar panel
- Rain water harvest
- Sewage treatment

Rain water collection via roof top

Space allocation for Temporary

structures like Air-conditioned
 Over view of the site

Lessons learnt
• Beautifully carved retaining walls
• Limiting parking at lower levels
• Rain water collection and recharging
• Respecting the terrain,
• South facing
• Maintaining visibility of the site from the approach road.
• Rarely long building blocks
• Maintaining the relationship within slopes and
circulation by providing steps.
• No interruption within building blocks.
• Maintaining heights of slopes and building blocks.
3.4. Vung Chua Island Resort

Project Name: Voong Chua Island

Hotel Project Designer(s): Truong
Xuan Trinh Type of project: Capstone
project Phuong Dong University
Date: 2015
Location: Ha Long Bay, Vietnam

Figure (56): The over 3D view of the Vung Island Hotel

Concept and Zoning

Figure (59): The concept and the philosophy of the design.

Following modern architecture style as well as ecological ideas.

The resort is very special with blocks alternated between the green spaces of the natural
landscape
Structure:
Figure (60): Technical solution for vertical circulation in sloped sites.

Mass Study
Figure (63): The mass study of the Hotel, and the zoning of its parts

Rooms

th
Figure (70): Typical floor plan (8 floor
 th
Figure (71): Typical floor (10 floor)

Figure (72): Elevations and sections

Lessons learned:

1. The use of terraced garden.

2. Respecting the mountain topography.
3. Technical solutions like vertical circulation.
4. Offering different ways of accessibility.
3.5. Kuriftu resort and spa
Location: Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Area: 1.3 ha
Structure type: pitched roof building
No. of floor: 2
Structure material: RC
Function: residential spa resort
Type: typical Amhara style

The building is constructed with concrete corrugated iron sheet, finished with natural material stone
and thatch.
Rooms
There are 28 rooms.
• 2 Presidential rooms: living, dining, bedroom, bathroom
• 6 king rooms
• 4 twin and
• 16 single rooms
 There is lobby at the entrance, which has rest room and an office around it. There are 121 employees.

Services

 Swimming pool
- Kids swimming pool, Jacuzzi, life saver,
- Water is changed every 3 months, and treated every day
 Kitchen
 Restaurant
 Meeting hall: without table accommodates 70 people
 Bar
 Spa
- 4 massage room
- Reception
- Manicure and pedicure

Department
• Food and beverage
• Housing keeping
• Front office
• Human resource office
• Spa
 • Finance
Terrace furnished according to occasions

3.6. Case Study summary

Parameter Wind flower Rannalhi Surya villas Vung Kuriftu
spa and tourist resort hill resort Chua resort and
resorts complex Island spa
Resort

Architect Cp. Raj Ashley de vos Delhi Based Truong -

consultants Architect Xuan Trinh
and mano Piyush
panniah Parkash
associate
Area 10.2 ha 2 ha 4.8 ha 5.5 ha 1.3 ha
Room 38 43 12 140 28
Type of residential spa residential Hill resort Island + hill Beach resort
Resort resort tourist beach and eco resort resort
resort
Structure pitched roof pitched roof pitched roof modular pitched roof
type building building building building building
Structure RCC RC RC Steel RC
Material
Material for Stone, Thach, Stone, Thach, HCB, CIS, Steel Stone, CIS,
building steel, timber, timber, steel, glass, stone Thach, timber,
verified tile, brick, glass, glass,
glass marble bammbo ,leto ,
Qacha
Landscape Foot light, cota Paving block, Stone - Stone
material tile, sculpture, tiles, stone
fountain
Activity and swimming pool, Shop, Beach Swimming Swimming Swimming
service board games, football, Aqua pool, cinema, pool, buffet pool, spa,
steam salina and Aerobics, Wind children play restaurant, cinema(not
chilled shower, Surfing, Fishing, room, home shop, bar, functional),
plantation treks, diving facility, theater cafe + restaurant
outdoor jacuzzi, table tennis library,
helipad
Cultural Cultural - -custom, food,
activity dancing show drink
Cultural typical Kerala rural Maldivian No culture - Amhara
style style village meaning style(Gonderian
+)
Arrangemen Planer to get Planer to get Planer along Cluster (no
t privacy privacy and the level pravecy)
view
Ecological Eco-friendly Eco-friendly Passive Blend with Eco-friendly
aspect material material energy mountain, material
 green roof

Chapter four
4. Data collection
2.4. User Experience
2.5. Site
2.5.1. Site selection criteria
I. From structural plan of Bahir Dar the Zoning is informal forest and recreational
II. Since it is cultural resort it must show the nature of the Amhara region, as we know that
the region is mostly covered with high land, so it can show the character of the region
III. View (it has good view to Abay river , lake Tana and to the city)
IV. open space
V. future expansion

2.5.2. Site location

Location: Ethiopia, Bahir Dar, Bezawit Palace
Area: 4.5 ha

Longitude: 37°24'45.72"E

Latitude: 11°34'45.72"N

Lake Tana

Abay River
Bahir Dar
Stadium

Selected site
Bahir Dar Google Earth Map

Land use map of Bahir Dar

Selected site
 2.5.3. Site information
Category Sub Attributes Information
category Micro Macro
Physical soil Type gravelly lean clay soil Clay soil
Bearing capacity 1.5 g/cm3
Porosity 43 %
fertility Good
Rock Type Quaternary Basaltic
Topography Av. Elevation 1886m 1800m
Av. Slope 20 %
Aspect South

N, W and SW
Hydrology Surface drainage No
Depth of water table 200 m
Geology Landform Sloppy Plateau
Seismic hazards No
Depth of bed rock 1–2 km thick basalt
sequences
Climate Solar radiation 18.93 MJ m day
−2 −1
5500-6000 wh/ m2
Sun path E-W E-W
Altitude angle 650- 900
Azimuth angle Rise 1140ES-670 ES
Set 2970WS-2460WS
An. av. temperature 320 c
Annual rainfall 1200 mm
An. av. Precipitation 98.3mm
An. av. humidity 27.2 %
wind speed Av. max. sustain
88.5km/h
Av. day 15.6km/h
Wind direction Day time-
Night time-
Fog pocket No No
zone semi-humid/kolla tropical monsoon
Biological Vegetation Plant community “mim,weyra,chakma,
kef,weyra,jacaranda ,
abalo,grar”, grass
Wild life Habitat Snake, “bimbi”,
different birds
Culture Land use Prior land use Park
Land use on Residence, farm land Bare land
adjoining properties
Legal Land ownership Government
 Land use regulations Green area
Utility Sanitary sewer Along the road
Storm sewer no
Electric Along the road
Water Along the road
Telecommunication no
Circulation Street Local streets (8m)
Round about no
Traffic volume Low
History Building First it was part of
palace and now it is
informal forest
Sensory Visibility It can see from all
direction
Visual quality We can see Abay
river , lake Tana , the
whole city
Noise Little noise from Silent
main road , because it
has low traffic
Oder No

Bahir Dar sun chart

 Chapter Five
3.Data Analysis
V.1 site Analysis
 V.2climatic Analysis

Temperature, wind speed, precipitation, humidity graph

V.3Activity Analysis

Administrative activities
Participants: these activities are controlled by administrative personnel with some
interactions with guests and employees.
Objective’s:: to perform tasks necessary in operating the facility.
Activities: receiving, check in/out, reservations, secretarial, working and sorting mail,
copying and filing, accounting/auditing, answering computers

Housekeeping/maintenance activities
Participants: these activities are controlled by housekeeping and maintenance personnel.
Objective: to keep the facility operational by providing daily cleaning of linen, facility, needed
repairs, and maintenance.
activities: laundry, valet, storing linen, issuing linen and uniforms, sewing, carpentry, plumbing,
electrical, grounds keeping, storing.
Food service activities:
participants: these activities are controlled by food service personnel, some on request of the
guest.
Objective: to provide food and beverage on guest's request to properly run and maintain food
service area.
Activities:. cooking, taking orders, serving, washing, receiving, purchasing, storing, trash
removal, cleaning.

Guest activities
Participants: these activities are controlled by the guest, with some supervision of employees.
Objectives: to allow the guest to eat and relax
Activities: the athletic activities allow for physical fitness, leisure and sightseeing. sleeping,
dining, socializing, meetings, walking, sitting, sun bathing, swimming, boating and skiing,
jogging, cycling, tennis, golfing, aerobics, weight lifting, racquetball, hygiene.

5.4. Program analysis

Primary space: guest rooms

function: to provide the guest with a room to keep their belongings while they stay. They are the
sleeping quarters for the guests.
Requirements: beds, desk, chair, lavatories, heating/cooling system, lighting, view.
Secondary spaces: singles, doubles, suites, managers apartment, corridor, balcony,
storage.
Primary space: lobby
function: the first space the guest comes into. A waiting space for check INS, check out, or
meeting friends.
Requirements: open space, accessibility to all, other spaces, lighting, seats, and view
secondary spaces: seats, seating, bellman telephones, and toilets.
Primary space: function room
function: to provide a space for meetings, receptions, banquets and conferences.
Requirements: large flexible space, moveable
secondary spaces: seat, tables, lighting, sound, heating/cooling system. Equipment storage,
project booth, office, toilets, boardroom.
Primary space: administration
function: to provide offices for administrative personnel to carry out tasks needed to operate the
facility.
Requirements: office space, communication
secondary spaces: system, desks, chairs, files, lighting, ·heating/ cooling system. front · desk,
manager office, assistant office, secretary space, reservations manager, telephone
operators, safety deposit boxes, work area/mail, copying and storage, accountants office,
computer room, file room.
Primary space: recreation
function: to provide the guests with athletic activities for enjoyment and physical fitness.
Requirements: outdoor activities close proximity to the resort. Indoor activities must be grouped
 together for easy access from one to another.
Secondary spaces: swimming pool, locker room, sauna, whirlpool, exercise room, “Yegena
Chewata”, tennis court, equipment storage, golf course, Mule riding
Primary space: food. Service
Function: to prepare and serve food and beverage to the customer's order and provide a place to
enjoy it to
Requirements: equipment and supplies for preparing food, seating for guests
to eat at, lighting , heating/cooling system, view.
Secondary spaces:, restaurant, lounge, main kitchen ,room service area, chef's office, managers
office, dry food storage, refrigerated storage, toilets, lockers, loading dock, receiving office, trash
holding area.
Primary space: housekeeping/maintenance
function: to provide a daily service for cleaning guestrooms and facility, and providing clean
linen and uniforms, to provide needed repairs to equipment and facility.
Requirements: cleaning equipment and supplies, repair tools and equipment storage,
communication system.
Secondary spaces: soiled linen room, laundry room, housekeeping office, linen and storage,
storage, engineer office, shop, storeroom.

5.5. Spatial relationships

PROGRAM OF ACCOMMODATION
No Description Standard Unit Quantity Total Remark
area (m2) area area (m2)
range
1 Reception and lobby
Lobby entrance area 80-100 80 1 80
Luggage room 10-30 10 2 20
Administration front 60-80 60 1 60
office
Security area 20-40 20 1 20
Information desk 10-15 10 1 10
Reception 30-40 30 1 30
Cashier 10-15 10 1 10
Foreign money 10-15 10 1 10
exchange small bank
Janitor 20-30 10 1 10
W.Cs 20-40 20 2 40
2 Hotel accommodation
Presidential rooms 50-70 50 4 200
King rooms 25-40 30 10 300
 Single room 25-40 25 40 1,000
Twin bedroom 25-40 30 20 600
3 Restaurant and bars
Main restaurant 300-500 300 1 300
Specialty restaurant 150-250 150 1 150
Coffee bar 150-250 150 1 150
VIP bar 100-150 100 1 100
Cultural bar - 100 1 100
Store 20-40 20 1 20
Privet dining 80-150 80 1 80
W.Cs 20-40 20 2 40
4 Meeting and conference rooms
Conference room for 30 100-200 100 3 300
Conference room for 300-400 300 1 300
100
Conference room for 750-850 750 1 750
500
Foyer and lobby 165-200 165 1 165
Banquet kitchen 100-150 100 1 100
Store 85-100 85 1 85
Board room 50-75 50 1 50
Conference manager 25-40 25 1 25
W.CS 20-40 20 2 40
5 Recreational and fitness center
Recreational and fitness 30-50 30 1 30
center office
Reception 30-50 30 1 30
Gymnasium 150-200 150 1 150
Sauna and steam 40-60 40 5 200
VIP sauna and steam 15-20 15 2 30
Massage room 6-10 6 6 36
VIP massage room 10-15 10 3 30
Store 20-40 20 1 20
Changing, shower and 40-60 40 2 80
W.Cs
Manicure 10-15 10 1 10
Pedicure 30-40 30 1 30
Cultural Casino - 150 1 150
6 Outdoor activity
Ground tennis 700 700 1 700
Children play ground 700 700 1 700
Swimming pool for kids 40-60 50 1 50
Swimming pool adult 400-500 400 1 400
Volleyball 700 700 1 700
Bike ridding
 Yegena chewata -
Riding
7 Administration front office
Front office manager 25-50 25 1 25
Director of room 25-50 25 1 25
Telephone operator 30-40 30 1 30
Finance 25-30 25 1 25
Technician 25-30 25 1 25
Mail/postal office 25-30 25 1 25
Store 30-50 30 1 30
W.CS 20-40 20 2 40
8 Executive office
General manager 50-60 50 1 50
Resident/housekeeping 40-50 40 1 40
manager
Food and beverage 30-60 30 1 30
manager
Outdoor manager 20-30 20 1 20
Secretary pool 60-100 60 1 60
W.CS 20-40 20 2 40
9 Sales and catering
Banquet manager 25-40 25 1 25
Copy and storage 30-50 30 1 30
10 Accounting
Accounting pool office 60-70 60 1 60
Payroll manager 25-30 25 1 25
Secretary 25-30 25 1 25
Copying and archiving 20-40 20 1 20
W.Cs 20-40 20 2 40
11 Employee areas
Personnel 25-40 25 1 25
Staff canteen 100-150 100 1 100
Staff changing, WC and 40-60 40 2 80
shower
Meeting hall for 50 80-100 80 1 80
people
Rest room 40-60 40 2 80
12 Human resource
HR manager office 30-50 30 1 30
HR coordinator 25-40 25 1 25
Training manager 25-40 25 1 25
Lecture room 50-70 50 2 100
W.CS 20-40 20 2 40
13 Work shop
Civil workshop 40-60 40 1 40
 Electrical workshop 40-60 40 1 40
Refrigerators/ plumbing 40-60 40 1 40
materials
Engineering store 40-60 40 1 40
IT manager 20-40 20 1 20
W.CS 20-40 20 2 40
14 Security
Chief security 25-40 25 1 25
One additional room 25-40 25 1 25
W.CS 20-40 20 2 40
15 Kitchen
Main kitchen 200-500 200 1 200
Dry food store 50-70 50 1 50
Preparation area 50-70 50 1 50
Cold store 50-70 50 1 50
Beverage storage 40-60 40 1 40
Vegetable store 40-60 40 1 40
Gas cylinder space 20-40 20 1 20
Staff canteen 50-70 50 1 50
Chief’s office 10-20 10 1 10
Office 10-20 10 1 10
First aid station
Changing, shower and 20-40 20 2 40
WCs
16 Laundry
Main laundry 60-100 60 1 60
Office 10-20 10 1 10
Iron area 20-30 20 1 20
Store 1(dirty cloth) 25-40 25 1 25
Store 2(clean cloth) 25-40 25 1 25
Store 3(detergents) 25-40 25 1 25
W.CS 20-40 20 2 40
17 Ancillary facilities
Generator house 300-400 300 1 300
Power house 100-200 100 1 100
Fuel room 300-400 300 1 300
Water reservoir 300-400 300 1 300
Hot water reservoir 300-400 300 1 300
Fire water reservoir 300-400 300 1 300
Boiler room 100-150 100 1 100
18 Commercial center
Gift Shop 20-30 20 5 100
Business center (internet 50-70 50 1 50
café)
Beauty saloon 30-50 30 1 30
 Barber saloon 30-50 30 1 30
WCS 20-40 20 2 40
19 Parking
General parking 15 15 34 510
VIP parking 15 15 10 150
Staff parking 30 30 5 150
Disable parking 20 20 6 120
Bicycle and motor 1.5 1.5 10 15
parking
20 Other service
Tailor 10-20 10 1 10
Airport hotel transfer
service
Tour operator
Emergency/First aid 20-40 20 1 20
room
Shoe shiner machine
21 CINEMA
Cinema hall 1 250
Store 1 20
W.cs 2 40
Control room 1 20
Ticket office 1 10
Cashier box 1 10