idudkH fm< fN!

;sl úoHdj

^02& ir, f¾Çh p,s;h (Linear Motion)

rdYs (Vectors)

ffoYsl rdYs (Vector Quantity) wosY rdYs (Scalar Quantity)

úYd,;ajhla yd osYdjla hk folu úYd,;ajhla muKla we;s mj;sk
rdYs rdYs
Ex - úia:dmkh" m%fõ.h" ;ajrKh" ukaokh" Ex - ÿr" fõ.h" ld,h" ialkaOh
n,h" .uH;dj

ÿr (Distance)
lsishï p,s;hloS f.jdhk .uka uf.a uq¨ os. ÿr fõ' óg¾ j,ska ukshs' wosYhls'

úia:dmkh (Displacement)
lsishï p,s;hloS ish wdrïNl msysgqu;a wjidk msysgqu;a w;r we;s fláu ÿr fõ' óg¾ j,ska
ukskq ,efí' ffoYslhls'
A
A isg B yryd Cg meñKs úg"
ÿr = 14 m
6m 10 m
úia:dmkh = 10 m .sKsfldK foig

B 8m C

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 idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

wrh 14 m jQ lThl .eg.id we;s .jfhl= 10s fN!;sl rdYsj, tall

oS A isg B olajd meñfKa'
ÿr$È. =m
(i) ÿr =2 × úia:dmkh =m
(ii) úia:dmkh = ×14 j¾.M,h = m2
mßudj = m3
= 44 m
fõ.h = ms-1
28 m ngysrg
m%fõ.h = ms-1
(iii) fõ.h
;ajrKh = ms-2
fõ.h = ÿr $ld, ukaokh = ms-2
.uH;dj = kgms-1
W;=r = ialkaOh = kg
øjH m%udKh = mol
= 4.4 ms-1 Odrdj =A
14m úNj wka;rh =V
A m%;sfrdaOh =
Odß;dj =F
wdfrdamK m%udKh =C
fN!;sl rdYsj, tall .ekSu
nr = N/Kgms-2
tall ,nd .ekSu uQ,sl tall u.ska isÿl< n,h = N/Kgms-2
yel' mSvkh =Kgm-1s-2/Nm-2/Pa
ir,j id'fm<' uÜgfï§ wod, jdhqf.da, mSvkh =Kgm-1s-2/Nm-2/Pa/atm
iólrKhg tall wdfoaY lsÍfuka jqjo Yla;sh = J/Kgm2s-2
wjYH fN!;sl rdYsfha tall ,nd .; yel'
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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

p,s;hg wod, iuSlrk – Formulation of motion

fõ.h = ÿr uOHl fõ.h = wdrïNl fõ.h + wjidk fõ.h
ld,h 2

idudkH fõ.h = .uka l< uq¿ ÿr m%fõ.h = úia:dmkh

.; jQ uq¿ ld,h ld,h

m%fõ. fjki = wjidk m%fõ.h - wdrïNl m%fõ.h ;ajrKh = m%fõ. fjki

ld,h

fõ.h (Speed)

talSh ld,hloS .uka lrk ÿrhs' fyda ÿr fjkia ùfï iS>%;djhhs' ms-1ka ukskq ,efí' wosYhls'

m%fõ.h (Velocity)

talSh ld,hloS isÿjk úia:dmkhhs'$úia:dmkh fjkia ùfï YS>%;djhhs' ms-1ka ukskq ,efí'
ffoYslhls'

;ajrKh (Acceleration)

m%fõ.h jeäùfï YS>%;djh ;ajrKhhs'$talSh ld,hloS isÿjk m%fõ. jeä ùu ms-2ka ukskq ,efí'
ffoYslhls'
Wod - .ilska jefgk f.ähla" jdykhl ;ajrlh jeä l< úgjk p,s;h

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

ukaokh (Deceleration)

m%fõ.h wvqùfï YS>%;djhhs'$talSh ld,hloS isÿjk m%fõ. wvq ùu ukaokhhs' ms-2 ka ukskq ,efí'
ffoYslhls' ;ajrKh fijqúg iDK w.hla ,efí' tys >DK bj;a lr ,shqúg ukaokh f,i
i,lkak'
Wod - by<g úisl< jia;=jla" .uka lrk r:hla ;sßx. fhoSu

p,s; m%ia;dr (Graphs)

m%ia;dr j¾.h wkql%uKfhka ,efnk j¾.M,fhka ,efnk
rdYsh rdYsh
úia:dmk - ld, m%ia;dr m%fõ.h -
ÿr - ld, m%ia;dr fõ.h -
fõ. - ld, m%ia;dr - ÿr
m%fõ. - ld, m%ia;dr ;ajrKh úia:dmkh
;ajrK - ld, m%ia;dr - m%fõ. fjki

ÿr - ld, m%ia;dr (Distance – Time Graphs)

ÿr ÿr ÿr ÿr

ld,h ld,h ld,h ld,h

ksYap, taldldr fõ.h p,s; osYdjg ;ajrKh p,s; osYdjg ukaokh

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 idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

úia:dmk - ld, m%ia;dr (Displacement - Time Graphs)

úia:dmkh úia:dmkh úia:dmkh úia:dmkh

ld,h ld,h ld,h ld,h

ksYap, p,s; ÈYdjg p,s; osYdjg p,s; osYdjg
taldldr m%fõ.h ;ajrKh ukaokh

fõ. - ld, m%ia;dr (Speed - Time Graphs)

fõ.h fõ.h fõ.h fõ.h

ld,h ld,h ld,h ld,h

ksYap, taldldr fõ.h jeäjk fõ.h wvqjk fõ.h
^;ajrKhla úh yel& ^ukaokhla úh yel&

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

m%fõ. - ld, m%ia;dr (Velocity - Time Graphs)

m%fõ.h m%fõ.h m%fõ.h m%fõ.h

ld,h ld,h ld,h ld,h

ksYap, taldldr m%fõ.h ;ajrKh ukaokh
;ajrKh = 0

;ajrK - ld, m%ia;dr (Velocity - Time Graphs)

;ajrKh ;ajrKh ;ajrKh

ld,h

ld,h ld,h
taldldr m%fõ.h taldldr ;ajrKh taldldr ukaokh

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

p,s;h myokak - úi÷ .eg¨

úia:dmkh m%fõ.h

ld,h
0 ld,h
0
ksYap,;djfhka .uka wrUd taldldr ksYap,;djfhka .uka wrUd taldldr
m%fõ.fhka .uka lr ksYap,;djfha yso p,s; ;ajrKfhka .uka lr taldldr
ÈYdjg m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg taldldr m%fõ.fhka m%fõ.fhka .uka lr ukaokh ù ksYap,
.uka lrhs' úh'

úia:dmkh úia:dmkh

ld,h
0 ld,h
0
ksYap,;djfha isg p,s; ÈYdjg úreoaO ÈYdjg ksYap,;djfhka .uka wrUd taldldr
taldldr m%fõ.fhka .uka lrhs' m%fõ.fhka .uka lr ksYap,j yso p,s;
ÈYdjg ;ajrKfhka .uka lrhs'

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 idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj
úia:dmkh
;j;a úi÷ .eg¨
= × 50
m%fõ.h - 20
=75/2 x 50
=1875
- 50
0 10 30 40
m%fõ.h (i) p,s;h úia;r lrkak'
ld,h
ksYap,;djfhka .uka wrUd
0 10 40 45 - 20 taldldr m%fõ.fhka 10S .uka lr
fmkajd we;af;a fudag¾ 20S ksYap,j yso p,s; ÈYdj úreoaO
r:hl p,s; m%ia:drhls' ÈYdjg taldldr m%fõ.fhka .uka
ld,h
fudag¾ r:fha" 0 t 20 lrhs'
(ii) .uka l< ÿr = 40m
;ajrKh 5ms-2 kï by;
(i) p,s;h úia;r lrkak'
jia;=j tu ld<h ;=, (iii)30S jk úg úia:dmkh = 20m
(ii) ;ajrKh yd ukaokh jQ (iv) uq,a 10S olajd m%fõ.h
úia:dmkh fidhkak'
ld<h;a ?
;ajrKh = wkql%uKh m%fõ.h = wkql%uKh =
;ajrKh = 10s ,
5= ms-2 = = 2ms-1
ukaokh = 55
(iii);ajrKh = wkql%uKh t = 4ms-2 (v) wjidk 10s m%fõ.h
úia:dmkh = j¾.M,h
= = 5ms-2 m%fõ.h = wkql%uKh =
= × 4 × 20
(iv) ukaokh = wkql%uKh = = -2ms-1
= 40m
= 2 (vi) m%ia;drhg wkqrEm
ukaokh = -10ms-2 30 m%fõ.-ld<
m%ia:drh w¢kak'
(v) isÿl< uq,q úia:dmkh
-2 -
úia:dmkh = j¾.M,h
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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

m%ia;drj,g wkqrEm m%ia;dr we£u

^1& úia:dmkh ^2& m%fõ.h

100 -
50 -
40 -

ld,h ld,h
0 10 30 40 0 10 15

m%fõ. - ld< njg ;ajrK - ld< njg

;ajrKh
m%fõ.h
5
4 -
ld,h
ld,h 10 15
10 30 40
-10 -
-10 -

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

.=re;ajc ;ajrKh (Acceleration due to Gravity)

.=re;ajdl¾IK n,h ksid yg.kakd ;ajrKhhs'

ksoyfia my<g jefgk jia;=jla u; 9.8 ms-2 ;ajrKhla mj;S' mD:sú mDIaGfha isg by<g hk úg
.=re;ajdl¾IKh wvq fõ'

.=re;ajc ;ajrKh nr

fï ksid jia;=jl nr

fmd<fõ isg by<g hk

mD:súfha isg Wi mD:súfha isg Wi

ÿr - ld,
;ajrK - ld,
ld,h wkqj ÿr fjkiaùu olajk
m%ia;drhls' x wlaIhg ld,h" y wlaIhg
ld,h wkqj ;ajrKh fjkiaùu olajk m%ia;drhls' ÿr .kS'
x wlaIhg ld,h" y wlaIhg ;ajrKh .kS'
m%ia;dr
m%fõ. - ld, úia:dmk - ld,

ld,h wkqj m%fõ.h fjkiaùu olajk m%i; a drhls' ld,h wkqj úia:dmkh fjkiaùu
olajk m%ia;drhls'
fõ. - ld,
x wlaIhg ld,h" y wlaIhg m%fõ.h .kS' x wlaIhg ld,h" y wlaIhg úia:dmk .kS'

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

^4& p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgka kshu (Newton’s Laws of Motion)

.uH;dj (Momentum)

p,kh jk jia;=jl ialkaOfha;a m%fõ.fha;a .=Ks;hhs' tall jkafka kgms-1 fõ’

n,mdk idOl 1. m%fõ.h .uH;dj = ialkaOh x m%fõ.h

2. ialkaOh
.uH;dj .uH;dj

ialkaOh m%fõ.h

wiu;=,s; n,h (Unbalanced Force)/ iïm%hqla; n,h

n, lSmhla fjkqjg fhosh yels ;ks n,h wiu;=,s; n,hhs'

tlu ÈYdjg kï" úreoaO ÈYdjg kï"

10N 20N 10N
10N 20N 10N

tl;= lrkak' fjki .kak'

w'n = 10 + 10 + 20 w'n' = 20 + 10 - 10
= 40N = 20N

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj
.uH;djh úi÷ .eg¨
úi÷ .eg¨
(1) 100 ms-1 m%fõ.fhka jdx.=jl 200g jk
10N WKavhla i;= .uH;dj fidhkak'
20N P = mv
P= x 100
30N
= 20 Kgms-1

w'n' = 20+10+30 (2) 5000 Kgms-1 .uH;djla we;s 100 Kg jk

= 60 N jia;=jl m%fõ.h yd pd,l Yla;sh jkafka"

50N 50N P = mv pd'Y = mv

5000 = 100 × v = x 100x50x50
v= = 125000J
10N
= 50ms-1

w'n = 10 (3) 20 Kgms-1 .uH;djla we;s 10g jk lerï

b;af;la p,kh jk m%fõ.h fidhkak'
20N 30N
P = mv
20 = v
×
50N v =
= 2000 ms-1
w'n' = 0 N

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

ksõgka kshu (Newtons law)

m,uqjk kshuh
ndysr wiu;=,s; n,hla fhfok ;=re ksYap, jia;= ksYap,;djfha mj;sk w;r p,kh jk jia;=
taldldr m%fõ.fhka p,kh fõ'

fojk kshuh
jia;=jla u; fhfok ndysr wix;=,s; n,h" n,h fhfok osYdjg jia;=fõ .uH;dj fjkia ùfï
YS>%;djhg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ'

fyda
jia;=jl we;sjk ;ajrKh thg fhdokq ,nk wiu;=,s; n,hg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl jk w;r
jia;=fõ ialkaOhg m%;sf,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ'

f;jk kshuh
iEu l%shdjlgu úYd,;ajfhka iudk jQ;a osYdfjka m%;súreoaO jQ;a m%;sl%shdjla yg.kS'

n,h" ;ajrKh yd ialkaOh w;r iïnkaOh

;ajrKh ;ajrKh
n,h = ialkaOh x ;ajrKh
F = m x a

fuys F g wdfoaY lrkafka wiu;=,s; n,h ialkaO

n,hhs
;ajrKhg n,mdk idOl a F

1. n,h ^wiu;=,s; n,h& a a F = ma

2. ialkaOh
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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

a fidhkak' (1) a = 5ms-2 kï

f fidhkak' (6) isoaêhg .e,fmkafka
(3) 2 Kg 20N ksõgkaf.a lSjeks kshuh
10 Kg 100 N
±hs ,shkak'
F = ma f
20 =2×a 1. .%yf,dal p,s;h - 1
a = 10ms-2 f = ma
2. Tre me§u - 3
100 - f = 10 × 5
3. msyskSu - 3
(4) 40N f = 100 - 50
4. jia;= bms,Su - 3
50Kg = 50N
5. md meÈhl msgqmi
40N frdaoh p,kh - 3
F = 3a (2) 5Kg f
F 6. ìuÈf.a hk fnda,hla
80 =5a k;r ùu - 2
a = 16ms-2
fmkajd we;s jia;=fõ F
(5) 10N >¾YKh 100N jkafka
20N 1Kg kï 10ms-2 ;ajrKhla
10N ,nd .ekSug fhÈh hq;=
F = ma n,h (f) jkafka"
O=1×a f = ma
a = 0 ms-2 f - 100 = 5 × 10
f = 50 + 10
f = 150N

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

ialkaOh (Mass)
jia;=jl wvx.= mod¾: m%udKhhs' th mj;sk ia:dkh wkqj fjkia fkdfõ' ialkaOh ksh; fõ'
cd;Hka;r tallh kg fõ'

nr (Weight)

jia;=jla fmd<j foig weo.kakd n,h nr fõ' nr ukskafka N j,sks' fmd<j uÜgfï isg we;s
Wi wkqj nr fjkia fõ'
Ex = 200g jk jia;=jl
ialkaOh yd nr w;r iïnkaOh fmdf<dj u;§ nr@ g = 10
W = mg
nr = ialkaOh x .=re;ajc ;ajrKh = ×10
W = mg = 2N
Ex = i| u; g ys w.h
w.fhka ls' fmdf<dj
nr nr
u; jQ 60 Kg jia;=jl nr

g=9× =
fmd<j uÜgfï ialkaOh w = mg
isg Wi
= 60 ×
= 100 N

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

^5& >¾IKh (Friction)

lsishï mDIaGhla u;ska jia;=jla p,kh jk úg fyda p,kh ùug m%h;ak ork úg Bg úreoaOj
ms<sfh, jk n,hhs'

>¾IK n,fha wjia:d"

1' iSudldÍ >¾IK n,h

iam¾Il mDIaG w;r we;sjk Wmßu >¾IK n,hhs'

2' .;sl >¾IK n,h

p,kh jk úg l%shd;aul jk >¾IK n,hhs'

3' ia:s;sl >¾IK n,h

p,s;h weröug fmr l%shd;aul jk >¾IK n,hhs'

iSudldÍ
>¾IKh
.;sl >¾IKh fhdok n,h

ia:s;sl

ld,h
ia:s;sl .;sl

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj
f
>¾IK n,h flfrys n,mdk idOl
f
1. wNs,ïn m%;sl%shdj
2. mDIaGfha iajNdjh

n, fkdmdk idOl f ^p,kh&

1. mDIAGsl lafIa;%M,h f
>¾IKh jeä lr.kakd l%u

1. gh¾ j, lÜgd lemSu

2. mdjyka j, mDIaGh r¿ lsÍu
3. uv mdrj,a j,g je,s fndr¿ fhoSu
4. iam¾Yl mDIaG r¿ lsÍu
f f
>¾IKh wvq lr.kakd l%u

1. frda, fnhdßka lsÍu

2. fnda, fnhdßka lsÍu
3. iam¾Yl mDIaG w;rg .%Sia" ,sysis f;,a fhoSu
4. iam¾Yl mDIaG iqug lsÍu

>¾IKfha jdis

1. mDIaGhla u; weúo hd yelafla >¾IKh ksihs

2. r:jdyk j, ;sßx. fhosh yelafla >¾IKh ksihs
3. we÷ï ìug ,siaiS fkdjefgkafka >¾IKh ksihs'
4. .ia ke.Sug yelsj we;af;a >¾IKh ksihs'

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

>¾IKfha wjdis

1. jdykj, gh¾ f.ù hkafka >¾IKh ksihs

2. f;; mdrj,a ,siaid hkafka wvq >¾IKh ksihs
3. ;sßx. ;eá f.ù hkafka >¾IKh ksihs
4. we;eï øjH ;oska iam¾Y ùfïoS .sks .ekSï isÿ jkafka >¾IKh ksihs

meof.k hdu fkdmeo bosrh

s g p,kh

f1 f2 f1 f2

f2> f1

iqug mDIaGh yd r¿ mDIaGh

iqug mDIaGj, >¾IK n, ls%hd;aul fkdfõ'

mDIaGh r¿ jk úg >¾IK n,h jeä fõ'
mDIaGh isksoq jk úg >¾IK n,h wvq fõ'
mDIaGh iqug jk úg >¾IK n,h wvq fõ'

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

n,mdk idOl iólrK weiqßka ,nd .ekSu

iólrKh ,shd" wjYH idOl iólrKh fomig .kak'

±ka tu idOl w;r iïnkaOh wkqf,dau±hs" m%;sM, n,kak'

.uH;dj = ialkaOh × m%fõ.h

n ialkaOh ^wkqf,dauhs" tkï ialkaOh jeäjk úg .uH;dj jeä fõ'&

n m%fõ.h ^wkqf,dauhs" tkï m%fõ.h jeäjk úg .uH;dj jeä fõ'&

F = ma a F wkqf,dauhs" F jeäkï a jeäh

a= a m%;sf,dauhs m jeä fõ' a wvq fõ'

^9& iïm%hqla; n,h (Consaltant Force)

iïm%hqla; n,h

jia;=jla u; n, tllg jvd jeä .Kkla fhfok úg tu n, ish,a, ksid we;sjk m%;sM,h we;s
lrk ;ks n,h iïm%hqla; n,hhs'

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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

1' tal f¾Çh n, foll iïm%hqla;h ,nd .ekSu

tlu osYdjg we;s úg úreoaO osYdjg we;s úg

F1 F2 F1 F2

F2 > F1
n, tl;= lrkak úYd, n,fhka l=vd n,h wvq lrkak
iïm%hqla;h = F1 + F2 iïm%hqla;h = F2 – F1

2' iudka;r n,j, iïm%hqla;h

tlu osYdjg we;s úg úreoaO osYdjg we;s úg

F1 F1
F2 F2
F1 > F2
n, tl;= lrkak úYd, n,fhka l=vd n,h wvq lrkak
iïm%hqla;h = F1 + F2 iïm%hqla;h = F1 – F2

F1 F2
3' wdk; n, foll iïm%hqla;h
R
R
n, wdk; úg iïm%hqla;h tu n, hq.,
w;r osYdfõ msysghs'
F2
jeä úYd,;ajhla we;s n,fha osYdjg F2
iïm%hqla; n,h ióm fõ'
F1 = F2
F1 >F2
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idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

^11& n,hl N%uK wdprKh ^Turning effect of force&

n,hla fhoSu ksid jia;=jl we;sjk N%uK M,h n,fha N%uK wdprKhhs'

n, >Q¾Kh

d
n, >Q¾Kh = n,h x N%uK wlaIfha isg l%shd f¾Ldjg we;s ,ïN ÿr

F = Fd
wlaIhl isg n,hl l%shd f¾Ldjg we;s ,ïN ÿr yd n,fha úYd,;ajfhys .=Ks;h n, >Q¾Kh f,i
y`ÿkajhs'

n, >Q¾Khg n,mdk idOl

F
1. n,fha úYd,;ajh
2. N%uK wlaIfha isg we;s ,ïN ÿr
d
n, hq.auh ^Couple of force&

iudk iudka;r m%;súreoaO n, hq.,la n, hq.auhls'

F
n, hq.auh = n,h x n, hq., w;r ,ïN ÿr
= Fd

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 22

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

n, >Q¾Kh fhfok wjia:d

d1 d2

1. lrduh weÍu" jeiSu

2. iqlaldku lrleùu F1 F2
3. nhsisl,a ye`v,h lrleùu
4. bial=remamq weKhla .e,ùu iu;=,s; kï"
olaIsKdj¾; >Q¾Kh = jdudj¾; >Q¾Kh
F2d2 = F1d1
n, >q¾Kfha ÈYdj .ekSu
úi÷ .eg¨ ^iu;=,s; hhs i,lkak'&

(1) 5m x

olaIsKdj¾; jdudj¾; 10N 20N

F2d2 d1 d2 F1d1

F1 F2 x fidhkak'
F1× d1 = F2 d2
n,h fhfok ÈYdjg p,kh l< úg
lrlefjk ÈYdj Trf,daiq lgq N%uKh jk 10 × 5 = 20 ×x
ÈYdjg kï olaIsKdj¾; fõ' wfkla ÈYdjg x = 2.5m
kï jdudj¾; fõ'
iu;=,s; kï iïm%hqla; >Q¾Kh Y=kH fõ'

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 23

 idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj
(2) F
(4) wrh 40cm jQ iqlaldku 400N
8m 10m n, hq.auhla fhdohs' n,hq.aufha
>q¾Kh fidhkak'
5m
100 N
100N 100N
40cm
F1d1 = F2d2

F8 + 100x5 = 100x10
8F + 500 = 1000 100N
8F =1000 - 500
F = 500/8 n, hq.aufha = n,h × n, 2 w;r
>q¾Kh ,ïN ÿr
= 62.5N
= 400N × m
(3) 10N
= 320 Nm
6m 8m

400N F

F1d1 = F2d2
fuu ,laIHh jgd >q¾K .;a
400 × 6 = F × 8
× úg 10N .Kkfhka bj;a fõ'
F =
= 300 N
l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 24
idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

^12& n, iu;=,s;;dj ^Equilibrium of force&

n, folla hgf;a iu;=,s; ùug wjYH;d"
yuqjk ,laIH
1. n, talf¾Çh úh hq;=h
2. n, tal ,laISh úh hq;=h F F
3. n, tal ;,Sh úh hq;=h
4. n, úYd,;ajfhka iudk úh hq;=h
5. n, osYdfjka m%;súreoaO úh hq;=h

tal ;, iudka;r n, 3la hgf;a iu;=,s; ùug wjYH;d"

1. n, tal ;,Sh úh hq;=h'

2. ´kEu n, foll iïm%hqla;h f;jk n,hg úYd,;ajfhka iudk úh hq;= w;r osYdfjka
m%;súreoaO úh hq;=h'
T1 T2

W = T1 + T2
wdk; n, 3la hgf;a iu;=,s; úg
W
1200 wdk;j iudk n, 3la fhdok úg iu;=,s; fõ' n, tal ;,Sh yd tal ,laISh úh hq;=h'
jia;=j ksYap,hs F
n, we;=,g fyda msg;g hk wjia:d 2ysu
1200 1200 iïm%hqla;h Y=kH fõ

F F
.=re;aj flakaøh 1200
jia;=jl iïmQ¾K nr l%shd lrk ,laIHhhs' th jia;=j ;=< fyda bka msg; mej;sh yel'

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 25

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

.G .G .G .G

jia;= u; n, ,l=Kq lsÍu

1. R = mDIaGhg ,ïNlj .; hq;=hs'
2. W = isriaj my<g .; hq;=hs'
R
3. U = jia;=j u; isriaj by<g .; hq;=hs'
4. F = p,kh jk fyda p,kh ùug W;aidy ork
ÈYdjg m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg .; hq;=hs'
T1 T2
R

W F
W
f N
^15& øjia:s;s mSvkh yd fhoSï R
U F R
R

p,kh
u

w f

w
w w

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 26

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

wdlsñäia kshuh

iucd;Sh ksYap, ;r,hl jia;=jla mQ¾K jYfhka fyda w¾O jYfhka .s,S we;s úg jia;=j úiska
úia:dms; ;r, mßudfõ nr Wvql=re f;rmqug iudk fõ'

jia;=jla ;r,hl mj;sk wdldr Wvql=re f;rmqu = úia;dms; ;r, mßudfõ nr

A - bms,Su
Wvql=re f;rmqu = nr
A B - .s,S bms,Su
Wvql=re f;rmqu = nr A
B C - .s,Su
Wvql=re f;rmqu < nr B 10N
C
Wvql=re f;rmqï n,h = ;r,h u.ska jia;=j u;
úia;dms; mßudj = nr
we;slrk n,h

Wvql=re f;rmqu = .s,S we;s mßudj x ;r,fha >k;ajh x .=re;ajc ;ajrKh

U=V g 10N

mSvkh - Pressure ^>k u.ska we;sjk&

talSh j¾.M,hla u; Bg ,ïnlj fhfok uOHkH n,hhs' tall jkafka Nm-2 / Pa

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 27

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

n,mdk idOl
mSvkh = n,h
1. n,h
j¾.M,h
2. j¾.M,h
P = F/A
øj mSvkh (Hydrostatic Pressure)

øjhl Bg by<ska msysá øj lf|a nr ksid we;sjk mSvkh øj mSvkhhs'

øj mSvkh = øj lf|a Wi x øjfha >k;ajh x .=re;ajc ;ajrKh

P=h g

øj mSvkfha jeo.;a ,laIK 3' øj mSvkh n`ÿfka yevh

u; r|d fkdmj;S
1' .eUqr jeäjk úg mSvkh
jeä fõ øj
mSvkh

4' øj mSvkh iEu osYdjla

Tiafiau l%shd lrhs
2' tlu ;sria uÜgfï øj
mSvk iudkhs

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 28

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

úi÷ .eg¨
(1) 10m c,l|la ksid we;sjk
mSvkhg iudk mSvkhla
øj mSvkh flfrys n,mdk idOl we;slrk N+ñf;,a lol Wi
fidhkak' (P^c,h& = 1000,
1. øj lf|a Wi P^N=ñf;,a& = 800, g = 10)
2. øj j¾.h hPg = hPg
3. .=re;ajc ;ajrKh
10×1000×10=h×800×10
h = 10×1000×10
n, fkdmdk idOl = 12.5m
1. øjh wvx.= n`ÿfka yevh
(2) øjhl 40cm Wi øj lola ksid
we;sjk mSvkh 8000 Pa fõ'
(3) c,dYhl m;=, u; fhdok g=10ms-2 kï øjfha >k;ajh
mSvkh 106 Pa fõ' c,dYfha fidhkak'
.eUqr fidhkak' P = hPg
(P=1000, g = 10) 8000 = ×P × 10
P=
P = hPg
106 = h × 1000 × 10 =2000Kg-3

h= ×
h = 100m

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 29

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

jdhqjla u.ska mSvkhla we;s ùu

jdhq u.ska we;sjk mSvkh nÿfka iEu ÈYdjla
Tiafiau ls%hd lrhs'
WIaK;ajh" wxY= m%udKh yd ndysr mSvkh jeks
idOl jdhq u.ska we;sjk mSvkh flfrys
n,mdhs'

^18& ld¾hh" Yla;sh yd cjh

Yla;sh øjh

ld¾hh lsÍug we;s yelshdj Yla;shhs' th J j,ska ukskq ,efí'

Yla;s j¾.

1' úNj Yla;sh 5' wdf,dal Yla;sh

2' pd,l Yla;sh 6' èjks Yla;sh
3' ridhksl Yla;sh 7' iQ¾h Yla;sh
4' ;dm Yla;sh 8' kHIaál Yla;sh

Yla;s ixia:s;sl kshuh

Yla;sh ueùug fyda úkdY lsÍug fkdyel' l< yelafla tla Yla;s j¾.hla fjk;a Yla;s j¾.hla
njg mßj¾;kh lsÍu muKs'
fyda
úYajh ;=, we;s uq¿ Yla;s m%udKh ksh;hls

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 30

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

ld¾hh
n,hla fhoSu u.ska n,fha Wmfhda.S ,laIHfha isg jia;=jl úia:dmkhla isÿ l< yels kï tu
n,h u.ska ld¾hhla isÿ jQfha hehs i,lkq ,efí'
ld¾hh = n,h x n,fha Wmfhda.S ,laIHfha isg isÿ jQ úia:dmkh

laIu;djh

talSh ld,hloS isÿlrk ld¾h m%udKh laIu;djhhs' th ukskqfha W ^fjdÜ& j,sks'

laIu;djh = ld¾hh pd,l Yla;sh = x ialkaOh x ^m%fõ.h&2

ld,h
KE = mv2
pd,l Yla;sh
p,kh jk jia;= j, .nvd jk Yla;sh pd,l Yla;shhs'

Wod-
.uka lrk r:hla
.ilska jefgk f.ähla
ÿjk Odjlfhla
p,kh jk fnda,hla

úNj Yla;sh
jia;=jl msysàu fyda yevh fjkia ùu ksid tys .nvd jk Yla;sh úNj Yla;shhs'

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 31

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

Wod - .il we;s f.ähla úNj Yla;sh = ialkaOh x .=re;ajc ;ajrKh x Wi

weÿKq ÿkakla
.il isák l=re,af,la PE = mgh
úNj Yla;sfha Ndú;
úi÷ .eg¨
1. c, úÿ,sh ksmoùu
2. cïndrh (1) fmdf<dj uÜgug 100m by<ska 20ms-1 ka
3. l=¨ f.äh mshdir m%fõ.fhka mshdir lrk 10kg
jk Wl=iafil= i;=j we;s Yla;sh @
Yla;s mßKduh g = 10 l=re,a,d úNj yd pd,l Yla;sh
hk folu we;'
tla Yla;s wdldrhla fjkia Yla;s wdldrhla Yla;sh = ú'Y + pd'Y
njg mßj¾;kh ùu'
= mgh + mv2
1. n,anh
= 10 × 10 × 100 + × 102 × 20× 20
úµq;a Yla;sh wdf,dal Yla;sh = 10000 + 2000
2. c, úÿ,s n,d.drh = 12000 J

úNj Yla;sh pd,l Yla;sh úµq;a Yla;sh (2) 10m Wilg c,h mqrjd we;s n÷kl m;=,

3. ySgrh u; we;sjk mSvkh @ P=1000, g = 10

úµq;a Yla;sh ;dm Yla;sh P = hpg

4. .fika jefgk f.ähla = 10 × 1000 × 10
= 100000Nm-2
úNj Yla;sh pd,l Yla;sh

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 32

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

(3) h Wila we;s .il uqÿfka isg (5) 2kg jia;=jl pd'Y 104 g fõ' g
jefgk yd m ialkaOhla we;s = 10ms-2 kï jia;=j k.sk
jia;=jla ìu jÈk m%fõ.h V kï Wmßu Wi fidhkak'
m<uqj m%fõ.h fidhkak'
v = 2 nj fmkajkak'
pd'Y = ½ mv2
g = .=re;ajc ;ajrKh
úNj Yla;sh = mgh 104= × 2 × v2

pd,l Yla;sh = mv2 v2 = 10000

Yla;s ixiaÓ;sl kshuh wkqj v = 10000
pd Y = ú'Y v = 100ms-1
by<g hk úg ;;amr 1§
mv2 = mgh
10ms-1 ne.ska wvq fõ'
= gh Wmßu Wi hdug 10s .;fõ'
2
v = 2gh
v= 2 h = wdrïNl m%fõYh + wjidk m%fõYh ×ld,h
2

(4) h = 5m kï ìu jÈk m%fõYh@ = × 10

v= 2
= 2 × 10 × 5 = 500 m
= 100
=10ms-1

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 33

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

^19& Odrd úoHq;h ^Current Electricity)

ia:s;s úoHq;h
mDIaG u; mj;sk wdfrdamK ia:s;s úoHq;h f,i y`ÿkajhs'

Odrd úoHq;h
p,kh jk wdfrdamK$wdfrdamK .e,Su Odrd úoHq;hhs'

2' iam¾Y lsÍu

1' msßueoSu wdfrdams; jia;=jla
úh<s jia;= folla ;oska jia;=jla wkdfrdams; jia;=jla iam¾Y
we;s,a,Sfuka wdfrdamK wdfrdamKh lsÍfuka fuh isÿ lrhs'
yqjudre ù wdfrdamKh fõ' l< yels l%u

3' fm%arKfhka
iam¾Y lsÍfuka f;drj
wdfrdamKh l< yels l%uhls'

iaj¾K m;% úµq;a o¾Ylh

wdfrdayK y÷kd .ekSu i|yd fhdod .kS

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 34

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

1' ikakdhl 2' mßjdrl $ l=ikakdhl

úÿ,sh fyd|ska .uka lsÍug bv úÿ,sh .uka lsÍug bv fkdfok

fok øjHh øjHh
hlv" ñksrka" ;U fndfyda wf,day" ma,diaála" ùÿre
úoHq;a
ikakdhl;dj
3' w¾O ikakdhl

úoHq;a ikakdhl yd mßjdrl w;rueos

mßm: ixfla; .=K fmkajk øjH $ u| jYfhka úÿ,sh
ikakhkh lrk øjH
is,slka" cZfïkshï
m%;sfrdaOlh
úoHq;a úÉfþoH Odß;%lh
úp,H m%;sfrdaOlh
vfhdavh$Rcqldrl vfhdavh
n,anh
l%siag,a vfhdavh
n,anh
fik¾ vfhdavh
iaúph (Off)
wdf,dal úfudapl vfhdavh
iaúph (On)
m%ldY vfhdavh
fldaIh$úh<s fldaIh$úNj
iemhqu A weógr
Odß;%lh
úp,H Odß;%lh

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 35

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

ñ,s weógrh
uhsfl%da weógrh
V fjda,aÜ ógrh
G .e,ajfkdaógrh
M fudagrh

iul m%;sfrdaOh
fY%aKs.;
R1 R2 R3 R

m%;sfrdaOl moaO;s iul m%;sfrdaOh = m%;sfrdaOl j,tl;=j

R = R1 + R 2 + R 3
R1
R2 R
R3
iudka;r.; 1 = m%;sfrdaOl j, mriamr j, tl;=j
iul m%;sfrdaOh

= + +
iul m%;sfrdaOh
m%;sfrdaO; lSmhla fjkqjg fhosh yels ;ks m%;sfrdaOlh iul m%;sfrdaOlhhs'

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 36

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

m%;sfrdaOh
úoHq;a Odrdjla .,d hdu i|yd we;sjk ndOdj m%;sfrdaOhhs' th ´ï ^ & j,ska ukskq ,efí'

m%;sfrdaOl
úoHq;a mßm:j, .,dhk úoHq;a Odrdj fjkia lsÍu i|yd m%;sfrdaOl fhdod .kshs'

´ï kshuh
ikakdhlhla ;=<ska úoHq;a Odrdjla .,dhk úg tys fofl<jr we;sjk úNj wka;rh th ;=<ska
.,dhk úoHq;a Odrdjg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ'
úNj
úNj wka;rh = Odrdj x m%;sfrdaOh wka;rh
V= IR
ikakdhlhl m%;sfrdaOh flfrys n,mdk idOl
0 Odrdj
1. ikakdhlfha os. wkql%uKh = úNj wka;rh
2. ikakdhlfha yrialv j¾.M,h Odrdj
3. ikakdhl j¾.h wkql%uKh = m%;sfrdaOh
4. WIaK;ajh
wkql%uKh u.ska úNj wka;rh ,efí'
úNj wka;rhg n,mdkafka"
1' Odrdj yd
2' m%;sfrdaOhhs

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 37

idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

m%;sfrdaOlj, j¾K fla; l%uh

1 2 3 4

m%;sfrdaOh ,nd.kakd l%uh

1. m<uq j¾K hq.f,ys wxl ,shd.kak

2. f;jk j¾Khg wod< wxlh ,ndf.k th
10 n,hg kxjkak
3. oeka tu 1" 2 ys w.hka .=K lrkak
4. iyk w.h ,nd.kak
5. m%;sfrdaOlfha w.h bosßm;a lrkak

weñgrh yd fjda,aÜñgrh ksjerÈj fhdfok whqre

weógrh fjd,aÜógr
V

X 6 lr
A 20 × 100
2000
w.h = 2400 - 1600
fYa%Ks.;j fhdohs
Odrdj ukS iudka;r.;j fhdohs
weógrj, wNHka;r úNjh ukS
iyk w.h = 2000 × = 400
m%;sfrdaOh Y=kH fõ' wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh
wmrsus; fõ'
l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 38
idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj

m%;sfrdaO 2 la iudka;r úg iul tlu j¾.fha m%;sfrdaOl iudka;r.;j

m%;sfrdaOh fiùu we;s úg iul m%;sfrdaOh fiùu

R1 R = iul m%;sfrdaOh
R=
R1
R
R2 R= R1

m%;sfrdaOh = .=Ks;h R1
tl;=j
R1 n = m%;f
s rdaO .Kk
EX- 1 10 EX- 2 12

m%;sfrdaOh = tll .Kk

10
m%;sfrdaO .Kk
4
9
200
9
R = .=Ks;h R = .=Ks;h 200
9
tl;=j tl;=j 200
× × R = tll w.h
= =
.Kk 200
= = = R=200/4

=5 =3 =3 R-50
l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 39
idudkH fm< fN!;sl úoHdj
I = 4A ksid
m<uqj iul m%;sfrdaOh fidhd
mßm:h ir, lr V = IR fhdokak' A = 4A
I = 2A ^iudkj fn§hk ksid&
4-A V2

A
4-C V1 fiùu
I
B n,anhg V = IR fhdokak'
4-B R = .=Ks;h V = IR
V tl;=j
× V = 2×4
2 4 =
= 8V
=2 V = IR
V2 fiùu
24 = I × 6
fYA%Ks.; ksid C n,anh V = IR fhdokak'

R=2+4 I = V = IR

= 4A V2 = 4 × 4
R=6
= 16 V
6 oeka n,an 3 la we;s n,anj, Èma;sh
mßm:h 6 iul jeä Odrdjla .,dhk n,anh
m%;sfrdaOhla we;s
I 24v mßm:hls' thg V=IR C §ma;sfhka jeähs'
fhdod Odrdj ,nd C §ma;sfhka jeähs'
.kak
A, B oSma;sfhka iudk fõ'

l;D - Wiia fm< PSj úoHdj foaYl - ffjoH ks,ka; fmdkakïfmreu 40