A DETAILED LESSON PLAN

In MATHEMATICS 8
Content: Patterns and Algebra
Content standards: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of rational
algebraic expressions.
Performance standards: The learner is able to formulate real-life problems involving
rational algebraic expressions.
(M8AL-Ic- 2)
I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of lesson, students will be able to:
A. Illustrate rational expression.
B. Simplify rational expression.
C. Formulate real life problems involving rational algebraic expression.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Simplifying rational algebraic expression
B. References: Intermediate algebra II, 2000.Page 78-79
C. Materials: PPT, laptop, manila paper, pentel pen, envelope, and coupon bond
D. Skill to be Developed: listening, participation, critical thinking, problem solving.
III. PROCEDURE
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. DAILY ROUTINE

1. PARYER
Everybody please stands.
Kindly lead us a prayer.
(The students will lead a prayer)
2. GREETINGS
Good morning class.
: Good morning, ma’am

Kindly arrange your chair’s properly and

pick up all pieces of paper under your chair.
Then, you may now take your seats.

3. CHECKING OF ATTENDANCE
May I know who’s absent today?
: None ma’am

Okay, very good it’s nice to know that all of

you are here and willing to learn.

4. REVIEW
Let’s have a recap on the topic we have
discussed last meeting.
Okay, if you still remember our lesson last
meeting, bring ¼ sheet of paper and answer
the following question.

1. When is a rational algebraic expression in

lowest term?
A. If the numerator and denominator are
both of degree one.
B. If either the numerator or the
:C
denominator is factored completely.
C. If the numerator and denominator have
no common factor other than 1.
D. If the numerator and denominator have
no common factor other than −1.
2. Which of the following is one of the steps
in simplifying rational expressions?
A. Add the common factors.
:C
B. Multiply the common factors.
C. Divide out the common factors.
D. Subtract out the common factors.
3. Which of the following is the simplified
X +5
form of the rational expression ?
5+ X
A. −1 B. 1 :B
X +5
C. 2 D.
5+ X
4. Which of the following is the simplest
2
a −1
form of 2? :C
1−a
A. 0 B. 1 C. −1 D.
2
5. In the rational algebraic expression
2
x −1 :B
2
, what factor is common to both
1−2 x+ x
numerator and denominator?
A. 𝑥 + 1 B. 𝑥 − 1 C. x 2−1 D.
2
x +1
Ok, Pass your paper.
Very good class its seems that you really
understand our topic last meeting.

Let us proceed to our new lesson. But before

that, let us have a game. : Yes ma’am

Did you like it?

B. MOTIVATION
I'll divide you into four groups. Please count
1-4. :Guidelines of the Game
Can you read the Guidelines of the Game, 1. An envelope will be given to each group.
Karla. 2. Each envelope contains polynomials
which you need to factor
.3. After you factor each polynomial, you
need to decode a hidden message in the
envelope through the aid of decoder.
4. The first group to decode the message
correctly will be the winner.
5. Creating noise is prohibited.

Did you understand class? :Yes ma’am

Are you ready?

Polynomials to be factored.
Note: It is jumbled in the envelope.
1. 4 x 2+2 x−2
2. 9 x 2+ 81 x
3. 81 x 2−16
4. 27 x 3 +8

Decoder (Factored form of polynomials)

SIM-(4x-2) (x+1) : Hidden Message
PLI-(9x) (x+9) ¿ PLI
2 2
FY- (9x-4) (9x+4) 4 x +2 x−2 9 x +81
ING- (3x+2) (9 x 2- 6x +4)
FY
ING
81 x 2−¿16 3
¿
27 x +8

C. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

Now class, what do you think is our topic
for today?

Exactly! :(Simplifying rational algebraic expression.)

But before that let me first present to you the
objectives of today’s lesson.
: At the end of lesson, students will be able
to:
A. Illustrate rational expression.
B. Simplify rational expression.
C. Formulate real life problems
 involving rational expression.
Can you please read our objective Angela.
Thank you, Angela.

D. LESSON PROPER
Before we proceed to our discussion.
Identify whether the following is rational
algebraic expression or not.

1.
2
x
x−3 : Rational

2.
1 : not
x−√ y

3. √ x 2− y 2 : not

4.
x+ x 3
4 : Rational
x −4

5.
5x : Rational
4y

Very good class!

1.How did you describe the rational :it is an algebraic expression written in the
algebraic expression? form.
Good job class! So, now let us proceed to : (Identifying if it is rational algebraic or
our discussion. Again class, what did you not)
do a while ago?

That’s right! So, a rational algebraic

expression is an expression in one variable
and is an expression that can be written in
p
the form , where P and Q are polynomials.
q

Always remember class that Q ≠ 0, if it is

zero then it is UNDEFINED.
Did you understand class? : Yes ma’am

Now, let’s proceed to simplifying rational

algebraic expression.
What is simplifying? (The students raise their hands)

Do have an idea class? : Reducing a complex expression to its

Yes, Rizza simplest form.
Very good Rizza! So, simplifying means to
reduce an equation or fraction to a simpler
form by cancellation of common factors,
regrouping of terms in the same variable and
many more.

These are the steps on simplifying rational

expressions,
Kindly read Angel. :1. Factorize both the denominator and
numerator of the rational expression.
2.Reduce the expression by cancelling out
common factors in the numerator and
denominator
3.Rewrite the remaining factors in the
numerator and denominator

For example.
3
9

We simply, simplify 3 all over 9 by finding

their GCF or greatest common factor so the
greatest common factor of 3 and 9 is 3. So,
we divide it by 3.
3 1
÷ 3=
9 3

So, 3 divided by 3 is 1 and 9 divided by 3 is

3. Now, we have the lowest term of 3 all
over 9.
1
Which is : Yes ma’am / none ma’am
3
Did you understand class? Do you have any
questions?

Another example,
2 :
4 2 1
÷ 2=
Who wants to solve. 4 2

Yes, Lovely.
: We will find the GCF of 2 all over 4. So,
Please explain your answer. the GCF of 2 all over 4 is 2. Now we divide
the numerator with 2 and the denominator
with 2 to get the lowest term or simplest
form.

Very good, Lovely.

Now, we simplify two or more term.
Example:
6 x+12
3
As you can see our numerator has a GCF
which is 3. So, our first step is to factor the
numerator and denominator.

3 (2 x +4 )
3

Let us check, 3 times 2x is 6x and 3 times 4

is 12, now we have the factor of our
numerator and then we just copy the
denominator.

The next step is, we cancel out or divide the

common factor.
3 (2 x +4 )
3

Now, we have. (2x+4) therefore we have the

final answer. The simplest form or
6 x+12
simplified form of is (2x+4).
3
Did you understand?
: Yes ma’am
Another one example,
2
x −4
2x
:
( x−2)(x−2)
Who wants to solve.
Yes, Rizza. 2x

( x +2)(x−2)
2x

x−2
2
Very good, Rizza.
Another example,
2
x −6 x+ 8
4 x−8

So, we have the GCF of 4 in our

denominator while our numerator has no
GCF because this is an example of a general
trinomial. Now, our first step is to factor the
numerator and the denominator. So, the
factored form of our numerator since this is
a general trinomial we will have.
( x−4 ) ( x −2 )
4 ( x−2 )

The next step is to cancel out or divide the

common factor.

( x−4 ) ( x −2 )
4 ( x−2 )
Now, we will have the final answer or our
simplified form of
( x−4 )
: Yes ma’am
4
Did you understand class?

Who wants to solve this.

2
:
x −7 x+10 ( x+5 )( x +2 )
2
x −4 ( x 2−22 )
Yes, benedict.
( x+ 5 ) ( x +2 )
(x +2)(x−2)

( x +5 )
( x−2)

Very good benedict.

So, Another example
2 4
3x y
3 2
9x y
: Yes ma’am
Do you think this example is in the simplest
form?

What will we do first to have this example : Factor the numerator and the denominator.
to be in simplest form?

So, first we factor the numerator and the

denominator.
2 2 2
3∙ x ∙ y ∙ y
2 2
9∙x ∙ x∙ y

I used prime factorization to expand the

exponent to later can be cancelled out.

So, next step is to cancel out or divide the

common factor.
2 2 2
3∙ x ∙ y ∙ y
2 2
9∙x ∙ x∙ y
Now we have,
2
3y
9x
Last example
2 2
9 x −25 y :
2−¿5 x y
3x ¿ ( 3 x ) 2− ( 5 y ) 2
3 x−5 y
Who wants to solve, anyone?
Yes Lovely.
( 3 x +5 y )− (3 x – 5 y )
(3 x – 5 y )

3 x +5 y
1

Very good, Lovely.

E. APPLICATION
Now, we are done with our lesson. In the : Express the given algebraic expression to
same group. Kindly read the direction, its simplest form. Write your answer on the
Piolo. manila paper. The first group who finish to
solve will be the winner.

I will give you 10 mins to discuss within

your groups.
I will now send you to your respective
groups and please quiet and don’t drag the
chairs.

Okay, time is up. May I call on the first

group to please present your formulated
question and your answer.

(Explain and elaborate the answer of the

student) Thank you so much group one! Let
us give them a virtual clap everyone!

Now let us proceed to group 2. : Each member must formulate a question

(Elaborate further their answer) Thank you about our lesson today and pick one best
group two! Let us give them a heart react question you will present and then you must
everyone! also answer the question that you have
Job well done group 2! Thank you so much! choose.
Let us give them a virtual clap everyone!

We will move to the next group, group 3.

(Explain and elaborate their answer) Thank
you group 3! Good job! Let us give them a
virtual clap everyone!

We will now have to our last group which is

the group 4! (Elaborate further their answer)
Job well done group 4! Thank you so much!
Let us give them a virtual clap everyone!

F. VALUING
So, class.
What do you think the significance of
studying the concept of rational algebraic
expressions?
Yes kc.

Very good kc.

G. GENERALIZATION
Let us now review what we have discussed.
What is our first step?

Next one?

And the last one?

Any clarification?

I. EVALUATION
Simplify each below.
2
4x –9 : Studying the concept of rational algebraic
1. Simplify the rational expression: expressions is significant because it allows
2 x +3
us to understand and manipulate
2. Which of the following is equivalent to mathematical equations in a more efficient
 2
2 x +5 x
the rational expression: 2 and organized manner.
3x –4

2 x +5 2 x−5
a) b)
3 x −4 3 x +4

2 x+ 5 2 x−5 : Factor the numerator.

b) d)
3x+4 3 x −4
: Factor the denominator.
3.Simplify the rational expression:
2
x –4 : Cross-out the common factor of numerator
2 &denominator
x –2 x – 8
: None ma’am
4. True or False: Rational expressions are
used in real-life situations. : If no other factor except 1 and itself.
Answer: True

5. Fill in the blank: The process of reducing : Through factoring.

a rational expression to its simplest form is
called _________.

J. ASSIGNMENT
Simplify the following. : Answer: 2x – 3
2
6x y
1 . 2
12 xy : Answer: c) (2x + 5) / (3x + 4)
2
x −1
2 2
x +2 x+ 1

Thank you everyone, may I call on our

prayer leader to lead as the closing prayer. Answer: (x + 2) / (x - 4)

Good job everyone! Thank you so much for

all your cooperation during the class! See
you next meeting, class dismissed! : Answer: True

: Answer: simplification

2
6x y 2 ∎3 ∎ x ∎ x ∎ y x
1 :. 2 = . =
12 xy 2∎ 2 ∎3 ∎ x ∎ y ∎ y 2 y
 ( x +1)(x−1) x−1
2 : =
(x +1)(x+ 1) x+ 1

Prepared by:
AILENE JOY SORIANO
BSED 2 - MATH