CONTENTS

Expt.
Date Title of Experiment Page Signature
No
Install Guest OS on that
1
VMWARE

Shrink and extend virtual disk

Create, Manage, Configure and

2 schedule snapshots
Create Spanned, Mirrored and
Striped volume

Create RAID 5 volume

Desktop Virtualization using

VNC
3
Desktop Virtualization using
Chrome Remote Desktop
Create type 2 virtualization on
4
ESXI 6.5 server

Create a VLAN in CISCO packet

5
tracer

6 Install KVM in Linux

Create Nested Virtual

7
Machine(VM under another VM)
EX.NO:1 CREATE TYPE 2 VIRTUALIZATION IN VMWARE OR ANY
DATE: EQUIVALENT OPEN SOURCE TOOL. ALLOCATE MEMORY
AND STORAGE SPACE AS PER REQUIREMENT. INSTALL
GUEST OS ON THAT VMWARE
AIM:
To find the procedure to run VM of different configuration and Allocatememory and storage space as per
requirement .

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Download and Install VMware Workstation Player

Step 2: Create a New Virtual MachineOpen VMware

Workstation Player

Click on "Create a New Virtual Machine" or go to File > New VirtualMachine

 Step 3: Virtual Machine Configuration Wizard
The Virtual machine configuration Wizard will appear. Choose “Typical”
configuration and click “Next”.

Step 4: Install Guest Operating System

• Choose the installation method for the guest OS. You can either installfrom a disc
or image file (ISO) or choose to install later. If you have the ISO file for your guest
OS, select it during this step
• Click “Next”

Step 5: Enter Guest OS Details

• Enter the name of your virtual machine and choose the location whereyou want to
save it.
• Select the appropriate guest operating system and version. For example, if you are
installing Windows 10, choose "Windows" as the guest OS and "Windows 10 x64" as
the version.
• Click "Next."
Step 6: Configure Virtual Machine Hardware

• Allocate memory: Choose how much RAM you want to allocate to the virtual machine.
Make sure to leave enough memory for your host OS to run smoothly as well.
• Allocate storage: Choose whether to store the virtual disk as a single file or split into
multiple files. Specify the disk size, and you can also choose to allocate all disk space
now or let it grow as needed.
• Click "Next."
Step 7: Customize Hardware (Optional)

• If needed, you can customize the virtual machine's hardware settings like CPU cores,
network adapters, graphics memory, etc. Otherwise, you can leave them as default.
• Click "Finish" once you are satisfied with the settings.
Step 8: Install Guest OS

• Start the virtual machine you just created. The virtual machine will boot from the ISO
or installation media you provided earlier.
• Follow the standard installation process for your guest OS.
Step 9: Install VMware Tools (Optional but Recommended)

• After installing the guest OS, it is advisable to install VMware Tools within the guest
OS. VMware Tools provides better integration between the host and guest OS, enabling
features like shared folders, improved graphics, and more.
In the same way, we can install windows OS also. The output screens for the virtual machines
of different configurations.
OUTPUT:
i. Ubuntu Operating System in Virtual Machine

ii. Windows7 Operating System in Virtual Machine

RESULT:
Thus, various configurations of Virtual machines has been created and run.
REAL TIME APPLICATIONS:

1. Web Server: Hosting websites.

2. Database Management: Storing and managing data.
3. Development Environment: Software development platform.
4. Data Analysis: Analyzing large datasets.
5. Network Testing: Testing network configurations.
EX.NO:2A SHRINK AND EXTEND VIRTUAL DISK

DATE:

AIM:
To find the procedure of Shrink a virtual disk involves reducing its size toreclaim unused
space and extend a virtual disk allows you to increase its size to accommodate more data.

PROCEDURE:

Shrink a Virtual Disk:

Step1: Inside the virtual machine, delete unnecessary files and empty the recycle
bin/trash to free up space.

Step 2: Defragment the virtual machine's disk to move all the data to thebeginning of the disk.

Step 3: Shutdown the virtual machine.

Step 4: On the host system, open the virtualization software

Step 5: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings or configuration.

Step 6: Select the virtual disk you want to shrink.

Step 7: Look for an option to shrink or compact the disk and follow theprompts.

Step 8: The process might take some time, and it's essential to back up yourvirtual machine
before proceeding, as data loss can occur in some cases.

Extend Virtual Disk:

Step 1: Shutdown the virtual machine.

Step 2: On the host system, open the virtualization software (e.g., VMware,VirtualBox).

Step 3: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings or configuration.

Step 4: Select the virtual disk you want to extend.

Step 5: Look for an option to increase or extend the disk and follow theprompts.

Step 6: Specify the new size for the virtual disk (make sure to allocate enoughspace for your
needs).

Step 7: The process might take some time, and it's crucial to back up your virtual machine
before proceeding, as extending the disk involves modifying theunderlying file system.
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus, the shrink and extend of virtual disk has been created and run successfully.

REAL TIME APPLICATONS:

1. Resource optimization

2. Capacity management

3. Backup and disaster recovery

4. Virtual desktop infrastructure(VDI)

5. Software development testing

EX.NO :2B CREATE, MANAGE, CONFIGURE AND SCHEDULE
DATE: SNAPSHOTS

AIM:

To find the procedure of Creating, managing, configuring, and scheduling snapshots is a

fundamental part of virtual machine management.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Creating a Snapshot: To create a snapshot, follow these steps:

Select the virtual machine in the management interface (e.g., vSphere Client).

Right-click on the virtual machine and choose "Snapshot" or "Take Snapshot."

Provide a name and description for the snapshot.

Optionally, select the memory state to capture the virtual machine's running state
(requires the virtual machine to be powered off).

Click "OK" to create the snapshot.

Step 2: Managing Snapshots: Managing snapshots involves tasks such asviewing, reverting,
deleting, and consolidating snapshots.

a. Viewing Snapshots: To see the list of snapshots for a virtual machine, navigate to
the "Snapshots" tab in the virtual machine's details.

b. Reverting to a Snapshot: To revert a virtual machine to a specific snapshot, right-

click on the snapshot and choose "Revert to Snapshot." This action will roll back the virtual
machine to the state captured in the selected snapshot.

c. Deleting Snapshots: To delete a snapshot, right-click on the snapshot and choose

"Delete Snapshot." You can choose to delete the snapshot only or delete the snapshot and
consolidate its changes into the base virtual machine disk.

d. Consolidating Snapshots: If you have multiple snapshots, you can perform a

"Snapshot Consolidation" to merge all snapshots into the base disk. This helps to reduce storage
requirements and improves performance.

Step 3: Configuring Snapshot Settings: The snapshot settings allow you todefine how
snapshots are managed and stored.

a. Snapshot Location: Configure the location where snapshot files are stored, which
can be on the same data store as the virtual machine or on a different storage location.
 b. Snapshot Quiescent: Enable or disable the use of VMware Tools to quiesce the file
system inside the virtual machine before taking a snapshot. This helps ensure application
consistency during the snapshot.

Step 4: Scheduling Snapshots: Some virtualization platforms allow you toschedule snapshots
to be taken automatically at specific intervals.

Scheduled Snapshots: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings, find the "Snapshot
Schedule" option, and configure the frequency and retention policy for automatic snapshots.

OUTPUT:
RESULT:

Thus to create, manage, configure and schedule snapshots had been executed successfully

REAL TIME APPLICATIONS:

1. Development and testing environments

2. Software updates and patch management

3. Data recovery and disaster preparedness

4. Configuration Management and Rollback

5. Training and Education

EX.NO:2C CREATE SPANNED, MIRRORED AND STRIPED

DATE: VOLUME

AIM:

To create spanned ,mirrored and striped volume in virtual machine

PROCEDURE :

Step 1: How to create a spanned volume:

a. Right-click on "This PC" or "My Computer" and select "Manage."

b. In the Computer Management window, click on "Disk Management" under

"Storage" in the left pane.

c. Identify the disks you want to use in the spanned volume. They should be
unallocated or have empty space available.

d. Right-click on the first disk and choose "New Spanned Volume."

e. Follow the on-screen instructions to select additional disks and allocatespace

for the spanned volume.

f. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new volume and format it with a
file system.

Step 2: How to create a mirrored volume:

a. Follow steps a to c from the spanned volume creation process to open Disk
Management.

b. Right-click on one of the disks you want to use in the mirror and choose "New
Mirrored Volume."

c. Select the additional disk(s) to mirror the first disk, and then allocate space for the
mirrored volume.

d. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new volume and format it with a file
system.

e. Windows will start the synchronization process, wheredata is copied from the
source disk to the mirror disk(s).

Step 3: How to create a striped volume:

a. Follow steps a to c from the spanned volume creation process to open Disk
Management.
 b. Right-click on one of the disks you want to use in the stripe and choose "New
Striped Volume."

c. Select the additional disk(s) to include in the stripe, and then allocate space for the
striped volume. d. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new volume and format it with a
file system.

OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus spanned ,mirrored and striped volume was created in virtual machine
REAL TIME APPLICATIONS:
1. Data expansion
2. Media storage
3. High availability
4. Database storage
5. Big data analytics
EX.NO:2D CREATE RAID 5 VOLUME
DATE:

AIM:
To create raid 5 volume in virtual machine

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Backup Data: Before creating the RAID 5 volume, back up all your critical data to
ensure it is safe in case of any unforeseen issues.

Step 2: Initialize and Convert Disks to Dynamic: If your disks are currently basic disks, you
need to convert them to dynamic disks to create a RAID 5 volume. Follow these steps:

a. Right-click on "This PC" or "My Computer" and select "Manage."

b. In the Computer Management window, click on "Disk Management"under

"Storage" in the left pane.

c. Identify the disks you want to use in the RAID 5 array. They should beunallocated
or have empty space available.

d. Right-click on each disk and select "Convert to Dynamic Disk." Repeatthis for all
the disks you want to include in the RAID 5 array.

Step 3: Create the RAID 5 Volume: Once you have converted the disks to dynamic, you can
proceed to create the RAID 5 volume:

a. Right-click on one of the disks you want to use in the RAID 5 array.

b. Select "New Spanned Volume."

c. Follow the on-screen instructions to select the other disks you want to include in
the RAID 5 array. There should be at least three disks in total.

d. Allocate the desired amount of space for the RAID 5 volume. RAID 5 requires a
minimum of three disks, and the volume size will be the total capacity of all disks minus one
disk's worth of space. For example, if you have three 1TB disks, the RAID 5 volume will have
a total capacity of 2TB.

e. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new RAID 5 volume and format it with a
file system.
Step 4: Initialize and Format the RAID 5 Volume: After creating the RAID 5volume, you
need to initialize and format it:

a. When prompted, initialize the disks using the default partition style(usually
GPT).

b. Format the RAID 5 volume with your desired file system (e.g., NTFS)and assign a
drive letter or mount point.

OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus the raid5 volume was created successfully.

REAL TIME APPLICATTIONS:

1. File servers and Network attached storage
2. Database servers
3. Virtualization Hosts
4. Backup and archiving systems
5. Media and entertainment productions
EX.NO:3A DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATION USING VNC

DATE:

AIM:
To virtualize a desktop using VNC tool

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Install VNC Server.

Step 2: Configure VNC Server: After installing the VNC server, you'll need to configure it by
setting a password or access control options to secure the remoteaccess. Ensure that the VNC
server is running and ready to accept incoming connections.

Step 3: Install VNC Viewer.

Step 4: Connect to the Remote Desktop: Launch the VNC viewer and enter the IP address or
host name of the remote computer (the host) you want to connect to. If you have configured a
password or access control options on the VNC server, you will be prompted to enter the
credentials. Once authenticated, the VNC viewer establishes a connection to the remote
desktop.
Step 5: Control the Remote Desktop: After the connection is established, you will see the
remote desktop environment displayed in the VNC viewer. You can now interact with the
remote desktop as if you were physically sitting in front of it. You can run applications, access
files, and perform any tasks on the remotecomputer just as if you were using it directly.

OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus the desktop is virtualized using VNC tool successfully.

REAL TIME APPLICATIONS:

1. Remote Desktop access

2. Collaborative work
3. Secure access

4. Healthcare Telemedicine

5. Digital forensics
EX.NO:3B DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATION USING CHROME

DATE: REMOTE DESKTOP

AIM:
To virtualize a desktop using chrome remote desktop.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Install Chrome Remote Desktop Extension: Make sure you have the Google Chrome
web browser installed on both the computer you want to accessremotely (the host) and the
computer or device you want to use for remote access (the client). Install the "Chrome Remote
Desktop" extension from the Chrome Web Store on both devices.

Step 2: Set Up Host Computer (Computer to be Accessed):

a. Open Google Chrome on the host computer.

b. In the address bar, type "chrome://apps" and press Enter.

c. Click on the "Chrome Remote Desktop" icon to open the application.

d. Follow the on-screen instructions to grant necessary permissions andset up remote

access for the host computer.

e. Create a secure PIN to use for remote access authentication.

Step 3: Access Host Computer (Client Device):

a. Open Google Chrome on the client device (the computer or devicefrom which
you want to access the host computer remotely).

b. In the address bar, type "remotedesktop.google.com/access" and press

Enter.

c. Click on the "Access" button under the "Remote Access" section.

d. Sign in with your Google Account (the same account used on the host
computer).

Step 4: Choose the Host Computer

a. After signing in, you should see a list of available computers set up forremote access.
Choose the host computer you want to access.
Step 5: Authenticate and Connect:

a. If you have set up a PIN for the host computer, you will be prompted toenter it to
authenticate the remote access.

b. Once authenticated, the remote connection will be established, and you will see the
host computer's desktop in the Chrome browser window.

Step 6: Control the Host Computer:

a. You can now interact with the host computer's desktop through the Chrome browser
on your client device. Use your mouse and keyboard to controlthe remote desktop.

b. To switch between full-screen and windowed mode, click the "Togglefull screen"
button on the top right corner of the remote desktop window.

Step 7: End the Remote Session: To end the remote session, click the "StopSharing" button
at the bottom of the remote desktop window.

OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus the desktop is virtualized using chrome remote desktop successfully.
REAL TIME APPLICATION:
1. Customer support and service
2. Remote access to legacy systems
3. Remote data analysis and visualization
4. Digital asset management
5. Virtual lab environments
EX.NO:4 CREATE TYPE 2 VIRTUALIZATION ON

DATE: ESXI 6.5 SERVER

AIM:
To create type 2 virtualization on ESXI 6.5 server.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Install ESXi 6.5: First, you need to install VMware ESXi 6.5 on your server.

Step 2: Access ESXi Web Client: Once ESXi is installed and running, access the ESXi Web
Client through a web browser on a separate computer. Enter the IP address or hostname of
your ESXi server to log in to the managementinterface.

Step 3: Create a Virtual Machine: To create a virtual machine within ESXi, follow these steps:

a. In the ESXi Web Client, navigate to the "Hosts and Clusters" view.
b. Select your ESXi server from the list of hosts.
c. Click on the "Create/Register VM" button or right-click on the host andchoose "New
Virtual Machine."

d. The "Create New Virtual Machine" wizard will appear. Follow the steps in the
wizard to configure the virtual machine, including providing aname, selecting the guest
operating system, setting the desired resources (CPU,memory, disk space, etc.), and selecting
a storage location for the virtual machine files.

e. Finish the wizard, and the virtual machine will be created.

Step 4: Install Guest Operating System: Once the virtual machine is created, you can power
it on and install the guest operating system of your choice (e.g., Windows, Linux, etc.) using
an ISO image or CD/DVD.

Step 5: Access and Manage the Virtual Machine: After the guest operating system is installed,
you can access the virtual machine through the VMware Remote Console (VMRC) or use
remote access tools like VNC or RDP to interact with the guest operating system.
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus the type 2 virtualization on ESXI 6.5 server was successfully created.
REAL TIME APPLICATIONS:
1. IT labs and certification training
2. Demonstration and presentations
3. Penetration testing and security auditing
4. Temporary work environments
EX.NO:5 CREATE A VLAN IN CISCO PACKET TRACER

DATE:
AIM:
To create a virtual local area network(VLAN) in CISCO packet tracer

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer: Start Cisco Packet Tracer and open a new or existing
project.

Step 2: Add Switches: Drag and drop switches from the "Switches" section of the "Devices"
pane onto the workspace. You can use any Cisco switch model available in Packet Tracer.
Step 3: Connect Switches: Connect the switches using Ethernet cables. Click onthe Ethernet
interfaces of the switches and then click on the other switch's Ethernet interfaces to create
connections.

Step 4: Access the CLI: Double-click on the first switch to access its CLI (Command Line
Interface). The CLI window will open.

Step 5: Configure VLANs: Enter the configuration mode by typing the following command:

enable

configure terminal
Step 6: Create VLANs: To create VLANs, use the vlan command followed by
the VLAN number. For example, to create VLAN 10 and VLAN 20, you woulddo:

vlan 10

vlan 20

Step 7: Assign Ports to VLANs: To assign ports to VLANs, use the command interface
followed by the port number and then the switchport access vlan command.
For example, to assign port 1 to VLAN 10 and port 2 toVLAN 20, you would do:
interface FastEthernet0/1

switchport mode access

switchport access vlan 10

interface FastEthernet0/2

switchport mode access

switchport access vlan 20

Step 8: Exit Configuration Mode: After assigning VLANs to the desired ports, exit the
configuration mode by typing exit.
Step 9: Save Configuration: Save the configuration by typing write or copy running -config
startup-config to make sure the changes are saved.
Step 10: Test VLANs: Now that you have created VLANs and assigned ports, you can test the
connectivity between devices connected to the switches. Devices in the same VLAN should be
able to communicate with each other, while devices in different VLANs should not have direct
communication unless you configure inter-VLAN routing.

OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus the virtual local area network(VLAN) in CISCO packet tracer was created successfully.

REAL TIME APPLICATIONS:

1. Enterprise Networks
2. Guest networks
3. IoT devices
4. Secure payment Networks
5. Remote access VPNs
EX.NO:6 INSTALL KVM IN LINUX

DATE:

AIM:
To install kernel virtual machine (KVM) in Linux

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Check Hardware Support: Before installing KVM, ensure that your system's CPU
supports hardware virtualization extensions (Intel VT-x or AMD-V). You can check this by
running the following command:

egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

If the output is greater than zero (1 or more), it means your CPU supportshardware
virtualization.

Step 2: Install KVM Packages: The package names may vary depending on your Linux
distribution. Here are the package names for some popular distributions:

For Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils virt-

For CentOS/RHEL:

sudo yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utilssudo systemctl

enable libvirtd

sudo systemctl start libvirtd

For Fedora:

sudo dnf install @virtualizationsudo

systemctl enable libvirtd sudo

systemctl start libvirtd

Step 3: Verify Installation: After installing the required packages, check ifKVM kernel
modules are loaded correctly:

lsmod | grep kvm

The output should show kvm and kvm_intel or kvm_amd modules loaded ,depending on your
CPU
Step 4: Configure Permissions: For non-root users to manage virtual machines
using KVM, add them to the libvirt group:

sudo usermod -aG libvirt <username>

Remember to log out and log back in for the changes to take effect.

Step 5: Enable Nested Virtualization (Optional): If you plan to run virtual machines with
nested virtualization (e.g., running KVM inside a KVM guest), you may need to enable nested
virtualization on the host. This step is only required if you intend to run virtual machines with
KVM as guests.

For Intel CPUs:

echo "options kvm-intel nested=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-intel.conf

sudo modprobe -r kvm_intel

sudo modprobe kvm_intel

For AMD CPUs:

echo "options kvm-amd nested=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-amd.conf

sudo modprobe -r kvm_amdsudo

modprobe kvm_amd

Step 6: Install and Configure Virt-Manager (Optional): Virt-Manager is a graphical user

interface tool to manage virtual machines using KVM. If you prefer a GUI interface, you can
install Virt-Manager:

For Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt install virt-manager

For CentOS/RHEL:

sudo yum install virt-manager

For Fedora:

sudo dnf install virt-manager

Once the installation is complete, you can start creating and managing virtual machines using
KVM. You can use command-line tools likegraphical virsh or a interface like Virt-Manager to
interact with KVM.
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus the kernel virtual machine (KVM) is successfully installed in Linux.
REAL TIME APPLICATIONS
1. Cloud computing platforms
2. High availability and fault tolerance
3. Real time testing and development environment
4. Network function virtualization(NFV)
EX.NO:7 CREATE NESTED VIRTUAL MACHINE

DATE: (VM UNDER ANOTHER VM)

AIM:
To create nested virtual machine in a virtual box.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Enable Nested Virtualization: Before creating a nested VM, ensure nested
virtualization is enabled on the host VM (the VM that will run otherVMs).

For VirtualBox:

Open VirtualBox and select the host VM from the list. Go to "Settings" >"System" >
"Processor" and check the "Enable Nested VT-x/AMD-V" option.

Step 2: Install an Operating System in the Host VM: Ensure you have an operating system
installed in the host VM. This will be the environment in which you'll run the nested VMs.

Step 3: Install VirtualBox within the Host VM: Inside the host VM, download and install
VirtualBox (or any other virtualization software you prefer) as if youwere installing it on a
physical machine.

Step 4: Create the Nested VM: Now that you have VirtualBox installed within the host VM,
you can create a new VM inside it.

a. Open VirtualBox within the host VM.

b. Click on "New" to create a new VM.
c. Follow the VM creation wizard to set up the nested VM, including selecting the guest
operating system, allocating memory, creating a virtual hard disk, etc.
Step 4: Install the Guest Operating System in the Nested VM: With the nested VM created,
start it and install the guest operating system, just as you would with any regular VM
installation.

Step 5; Configure Networking (Optional): Depending on your requirements, you may need to
configure the networking of the nested VM to allow communication with other VMs or external
networks.

Step 6: Use the Nested VM: Once the nested VM is set up and the guest operating system is
installed, you can use it just like any other VM. Install applications, run tests, or perform any
tasks within the nested VM.
 OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus the nested virtual machine (VM under another VM) was successfully created using
virtual box.

REAL TIME APPLICATIONS:

1. Containerization and Orchestration training

2. Software defined networking(SDN) testing

3. Virtual desktop infrastructure testing(VDI) testing

4. Cloud service provider(CSP) testing

5. Internet of Things(IoT) Device Emulation