PART I: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer among the given choices.

Shade your answers on the corresponding item number on your answer sheet. Avoid
erasures.
BEGIN HERE:
1. This branch of psychology focuses on private internal functioning and on differences
between individuals- for example, why some individuals are more aggressive than others.
A. Sociology B. Psychometrics C. Personality Psychology D. Social Psychology

2. We humans have an irresistible urge to explain behavior, to attribute it to some cause,

and therefore to make it seem orderly, predictable and controllable. This is true because:
A. Our social intuitions are powerful, sometimes perilous.
B. We construct our social reality.
C. Social behavior is also biological behavior.
D. Feelings and actions toward people are sometimes negative and sometimes positive.

3. Which of the following is not true about social psychology and human values?
A. Science is purely objective.
B. Values enter the picture when social psychologists choose research topics.
C. Scientists do not simply read the book of nature. Rather, they interpret nature, using
their own mental categories.
D. Scholars at work in any given area share a common viewpoint or come from the same
culture, their assumptions may go unchallenged.

4. These are socially shared beliefs- widely held ideas and values, including our
assumptions and cultural ideologies.
A. Social representation B. Social presentation
B. Social preconception D. Social misconception

5. Which of the following is true about hindsight- bias:

A. It is also known as the “I-do not know-it- all- along phenomenon”
B. This is the tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one’s ability to have
foreseen how something turned out.
C. Our hindsight bias help us make sense of our world.
D. These are socially shared beliefs- widely held ideas and values, including our
assumptions and cultural ideologies.

6. An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to
choose whether they wish to participate.
A. Privacy B. Informed Consent C. Confidentiality D. Deception

7. Which of the following is true about our social thinking:

A. Our intuitions shape our fears, impressions and relationships.
B. As social creatures, we respond to our immediate contexts. Sometimes, the power of a
social situation leads us to act in ways that depart from our espoused attitudes.
C. We humans have an irresistible urge to explain behavior, to attribute it to some cause,
and therefore to make it seem orderly, predictable and controllable.
D. Our inner attitudes affect behavior. Personality dispositions too.

8. What is the difference between social psychology and sociology?

A. Sociology studies average individuals; Social Psychology studies groups.
B. Social Psychology focus on private internal functioning; Sociology studies groups.
C. Social Psychology studies average individuals; Sociology studies groups.
D. Sociology focus on private internal functioning; Social Psychology studies groups.

9. Which of the following is not true to our social relations?

A. Feelings and actions toward people are sometimes negative and sometimes positive.
 B. Social influences shape behavior- As social creatures, we respond to our immediate
contexts.
C. Social behavior is also biological behavior- How we think about situations is
important, but underneath our thinking lies biological wisdom.
D. Social Psychology’s principles are applicable in everyday life and in other disciplines.

10. The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables.

A. Experimental research C. Correlational research
B. Survey research D. Case Studies

11. How we react to a friend’s insults depends on whether we attribute it to hostility or to a

bad day. This is true because:
A. We construct our social reality.
B. Social behavior is also biological behavior.
C. Our social intuitions are powerful, sometimes perilous.
D. Feelings and actions toward people ae sometimes negative and sometimes positive.

12. In our daily lives, we view the world through the lens of our preconceptions. This proves
that:
A. Science is not purely subjective C. Science is purely objective
B. Science is not purely objective D. Science is purely subjective

13. According to research, poor and lower- status people are more at risk for premature
death. What research method best parallels to this study?
A. Experimental research C. Correlational research
B. Survey research D. Case Studies

14. Experimental realism:

A. Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations.
B. Degree to which independent variable affects dependent variable.
C. Degree to which an experiment absorb and involves participants.
D. Degree to which extraneous variables are controlled in an experiment.

15. It usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regarding their
understandings and feelings.
A. Informed Consent B. Debriefing C. Privacy D. Demand Characteristics

16. The dependent variable in an experiment is the:

A. experimental factor that a researcher manipulates.
B. cues in experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected.
C. variable being measured, so called because it may depend on manipulations of the
independent variables.
D. testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events.

17. Our culture help define our situations. Our standards regarding promptness, frankness
and clothing vary with our cultural situation. This pertains to:
A. Social thinking B. Social Influences C. Social Relations D. Social Institution

18. At the end of the semester, all students in a general psychology course were told they will
receive credit for the course if they take part in the instructor’s research project. Students
who refused to participate were given “incomplete” and did not get credit for the course.
This violates what PAP ethics principle?
A. Principle of Deception C. Principle of debriefing
B. Principle of Confidentiality D. Principle of Informed Consent

19. Which of the following best differentiate sociology and social psychology in studying
close relationships?
 A. Social psychologists might study trends in marriage and divorce while social
sociologists might examine how certain individuals become attracted to one another.
B. Social psychologists ask why some partners are aggressive than others while
sociologists ask the factors of cohabitations among relationships.
C. Sociologists might study trends in marriage and divorce while social psychologist
might examine how certain individuals become attracted to one another.
D. Sociologists ask why some partners are aggressive than others while social
psychologists ask the factors of cohabitations among relationships.

20. All of the following pertains to research methods used in social psychology except one:
A. Social Psychologists propose theories that organize their observations and imply
testable hypotheses and practical predictions.
B. Social Psychologists seek to explain behavior by conducting experiments that
manipulate one or more factors under controlled conditions.
C. Social Psychologists best predict human behavior in social context through survey
research.
D. Social Psychologists do research that predict behavior using correlational studies,
often conducted in natural settings.
Base your answers from no. 21 to no. 24 in the choices given below:
A. Illusion of transparency C. Spotlight effects
B. Self- reference effect D. Self- serving bias

21. It is the belief that others are paying more attention to one’s appearance and behavior
than they really are.
22. The tendency to perceive oneself favorably.
23. The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others.
24. The tendency to process efficiently and remember well information related to oneself.

25. According to him, the looking glass self is how our habit of using how we imagine
another perceives us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves.
A. Charles H. Cooley C. George Herbert Mead
B. Julian Rotter D. Sigmund Freud

26. What is true about our self- concept in the following?

A. Our self- concepts do influence our behavior.
B. Perceived self- control somehow do not influence our behavior because we have
freewill.
C. Given challenging tasks, people who imagine themselves as hardworking and
successful outperform those who imagine themselves as failures.
D. Envision your positive possibilities and you become more likely to plan and enact a
successful strategy.

27. A sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self- esteem, one’s sense
of self- worth.
A. Self- monitoring C. Self- presentation
B. Self- handicapping D. Self- efficacy

28. The following affects our social self except one:

A. The roles we play C. The Comparisons we make with others
B. Our success and our failures D. Personal belongingness

29. After one person lies to another, the liar begins to perceive the other as dishonest. This is:
A. False Uniqueness effect C. False Consensus effect
B. Self- handicapping D. Self- serving bias

30. Which of the following is not true about our social identities we form?
 A. The circle that includes “us” excludes “them”.
B. As we enact new role like college student, parent, salesperson, we initially feel self-
conscious.
C. When we’re part of a small group surrounded by a larger group, we are often
conscious of our social identity.
D. When our social group is the majority, we think less about it.

31. Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one’s
performance to create the desired impression.
A. Self- monitoring C. Self- presentation
B. Self- handicapping D. Self- serving bias

32. The following recent study illustrates what phenomenon?

As peoples own live change, they see the world changing. Protective new parents come to
see the world as more dangerous place. People who got on a diet judge food ads to be
more prevalent (Eibach & others, 2003).
A. False Uniqueness Effect C. Self- presentation
B. False Consensus effect D. Self- serving bias

33. Julian Rotter indicated that you believed you control your own destiny. This is:
A. internal locus of control C. Outside locus of control
B. external locus of control D. Inside locus of control

34. The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control
over repeated bad events.
A. Locus of Control C. Learned Helplessness
B. Learned demotivation D. Self- serving bias

35. Which of the following is true about self- esteem motivation?

A. Facing failure, high self- esteem people sustain their self- worth by perceiving other
people as failing, to and by exaggerating their superiority over others.
B. Studies confirm that social rejection lowers our self- esteem, strengthening our
eagerness for approval.
C. A motivational engine powers our cognitive machinery.
D. Among sibling relationships, the threat to self- esteem is greatest for an younger child
with a highly capable older brother or sister.

36. Locus of Control:

A. The tendency to process efficiently and remember well information related to oneself.
B. Images of what we dream of or dream becoming in the future.
C. A sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self- esteem, one’s
sense of self- worth.
D. the extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own
efforts and actions or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces.

37. When somebody wins at Scrabble, it’s because of his/ her verbal dexterity; when loses it
because who could get anywhere with a Q but no U? This is an example of:
A. Illusion of transparency C. Spotlight effects
B. Self- reference effect D. Self- serving bias

38. Self- reference effect illustrates a basic fact of life:

A. Our sense of self is always out of our own worlds.
B. Our sense of self is at the center of our worlds.
C. Our sense of self is sometimes out of our own worlds.
D. Our sense of self is at the extremities of our worlds.
39. Which of the following is true about self- handicapping?
A. We have a curious tendency to further enhance our self- images by overestimating or
underestimating the extent to which others think and act as we do.
B. When self- image is tied up with performance, it can be more self- defeating to try
hard and fail than to procrastinate and have a ready excuse.
C. It is our wanting to present desired image both to an external audience (other people)
and to an internal audience (ourselves).
D. We serve our self- image by seeing our talents and moral behaviors as relatively
unusual.

40. Self- schemas:

A. Influence how we perceive, remember but not when we process information.
B. are the mental image one has of oneself.
C. Are the beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self- relevant
information.
D. Are the general beliefs by which you define yourself.

41. Which of the following is not true about Jones and Davis’s “theory of correspondence
inferences”?
A. specified the conditions under which such attributions are most likely.
B. If individuals dictate an opinion that someone else must then express, they still tend
to see to the person as actually holding that opinion.
C. normal or expected behavior tells us less about the person than does the person than
does unusual behavior.
D. If Samantha is sarcastic in a job interview, where a person would normally pleasant,
this tells us more about Samantha than if she is sarcastic with her friends.

42. The Fundamental Attribution Error:

A. When we act, the environment commands our attention.
B. the tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate
dispositional influences upon others’ behavior.
C. persistence of one’s initial conceptions, as when the basis for one’s belief is
discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives.
D. attributing behavior to the environment.

43. Which of the following is not an example of internal disposition?

A. Traits B. disposition C. situation D. attitudes

44. The theory of how people explain others’ behavior.

A. Misattribution B. Attribution C. Disposition D. Information

45. We do Fundamental Attribution Error due to the following except:

A. As once- visible person recede in their memory, observers often give more and more
credit to the situation.
B. When we watch another person acts, the person occupies the center of our attention
and the environment becomes relatively invisible.
C. Our success and our failures- to undertake challenging yet realistic tasks and to
succeed is to feel more competent.
D. A self- conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself. It makes people more
sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions.
Base your answers from no. 46 to no. 49 in the choices given below:
A. Misinformation effect C. Confirmation bias
B. Overconfidence phenomenon D. Heuristic

46. A thinking strategy that enables quick, efficient judgements.

47. A tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions
48. The tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one’s
beliefs.
49. Incorporating “misinformation” into one’s memory of the event, after witnessing an event
and receiving misleading information about it.

50. Experiments show that the more we examine our theories and explain how they might be
true, the more closed we become to information that challenged our beliefs. This pertains
to the:
A. Misinformation effect C. Confirmation bias
B. Overconfidence phenomenon D. Heuristic

51. According to psychological research, which is true regarding our construction of

memories of ourselves and our worlds?
A. Many memories are copies of experiences that remain on deposit in a memory bank.
Further, we don’t construct memories at the time of withdrawal.
B. Many memories are not copies of experiences that remain on deposit in a memory
bank. Rather, we construct memories at the time of withdrawal.
C. Some memories are copies of experiences that remain on deposit in a memory bank.
However, we construct memories at the time of withdrawal.
D. Many memories are not copies of experiences that remain on deposit in a memory
bank. But, we construct memories at the time of memory deposit.

52. Illusion of Control:

A. Imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didn’t.
B. A belief that leads to its own fulfilment.
C. People’s expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their
expectation.
D. Perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one’s control or as more controllable
than they are.

53. What best differentiates controlled processing and automatic processing?

A. Controlled Processing is “implicit” while automatic processing is “explicit”
B. Controlled processing is unconscious while automatic processing is conscious.
C. Controlled Processing is “explicit” while automatic processing is “implicit”.
D. None of the above.

54. Deciding that Carlos is a librarian rather than a trucker because he better repents one’s
image of librarians. This is an example of:
A. Availability heuristic C. Representativeness heuristic
B. Controlled Processing D. Automatic Processing
55. It is what the philosopher – psychologist William James described as the “wakening of
associations.”
A. Controlled processing C. Automatic Processing
B. Priming D. Heuristic

PART II. Answer the following essay questions concisely. Write your answers in the
answer sheet provided.
1. What is remarkable in the study of social psychology compared with Biological
Psychology, Sociology, Personality Psychology and Natural Sciences especially in
explaining human behavior? (5 points).

2. Defend that social psychology is not simply a common sense. (7 points).

3. Give ethical considerations in conducting social psychology researches especially in

experimental, survey and correlational methods of research. (7 points).

4. Explain self- serving bias and give events that it is manifested in your daily life. (8
points)

5. Differentiate self- concept, self- knowledge, self- esteem and social self. (8 points)

6. Differentiate false consensus effect and false uniqueness effect. Give one example of
each. (10 points).

7. Explain why we make the fundamental attribution error. (5 points).

8. Give an example of self- fulling prophecy as it happens in a classroom. (5 points).

***END OF TEST***