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48 views2 pagesFormula Sheet. Unit 1
Formula sheet class 12
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
48 views2 pagesFormula Sheet. Unit 1
Formula sheet class 12
Uploaded by
krish94732Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 2
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
Electrostatics is the study of electric charges at rest.
Only electric field is associated with stationary charges.
f
Electric charge (Scalar: SI Unit C)
Intrinsic property of elementary particles which
provides electric force between object
Basic properties of charges
A. Addivity 4" 9, 43
2. Quamtisation: = ne m= 0, £1, £2,
3. Conservation : Total charge ofan isolated
system remains constant
4. Like charges tepel and unlike charges attract.
5. Speed has no effect onthe charge of a body
Basie quantum of charge
1k the charge on an lacron or proton
ce teoniea 10"
Coutomb's aw
The fore of atraction of repulsion beeen two
atonary point changes separated by distance
Imire space
1 am
Pte
co = permitiityof ee space
8.854107 CN“,
Peemitivity
Property of 4 medium which determines the
sletic force between charges sited in that
trem
Relative permittivity
“Ratlo of the force between two charges placed in
free space to the force between the some {#0
charges placed the same distance apart in a
medium. :
Principle of superposition of forces
‘The net force on a given charge is the vector of
the forces exerted on it eto all other charges.
+ By
F = Tota force on charge q due to
many point charges
4 $e = 8)
ane,
ek
an,
‘Continuous charge distribution
BeBe. corgi ce qamumeanreet |
charge and assume that the charges distrbuted
ina continuous manner.
Votoms day p= fw?
Saag ety, oi
Lier dng desiy, 482 cn
cm?
t
Electric field (Vector : SI unit NC)
Electrostatic force acting per unittest charge.
gt. Fore _F
” Gharge "9
“Plectric field of a point charge
At distance r from charge a,
14
Feag Pty symmeti)
Superposition principle for electric fields
lectric field due to group of point charges is the
vector sum of the electric fields produced by
each charge individually atthe given point
BBs Brame By
1 Oe
= £ Grn
ae Spon
[Bletrie dpe
‘A pair of equal and opposite charges + and —9
separated by some distance 22
Electric dipole moment
“B= ther change avector drawn from=g 1044
sqn2it
Direction of dipole moment is from ~9 to +4
Slunit of dipole moment» Cm
[Electfc Weld at an axial point of a dipote
Atdistance r>>a,
1
2p
2P (Direction along 7)
ime
Electric field at an equatorial point ofa dipole
Atdistance 7353,
1
Trey
Pasa
(Direction antiparallel
FESR Ge diene uniform elects la
“iis the angle between Ffand 2,
ape
fe pEsind or
Electr lines of force
‘Acar along which small postive charge
teedsto move in an elec ld and Ue tm
fant to which at point gives De dren of
ive ld atta point
ropes Sf elo ines of force
1. Contos curves witout any breaks
They star fom +ve charges and end on
piv dure
_a.Notwolins of force can intersect each the.
(They do ot form dosed loops
|S. Normal othe srace ofa conductor.
6 Tate relave doseness meatures strength of
‘ect ld
Electric lux (Vector: SI unit Nm?C"?)
‘Total number of electric lines of force passing
normally through a given area, If0 isthe angle
‘between F and normal toarea element AS, then
: aan Bad
(Gaussian surface
‘Any hypothetical surface enclosing a charge.
‘Gauss’ theorem
Total electric flux through a closed surface 5 is,
equal to1/&g times the charge g enclosed by the
surface 5
[Bletric ied ofa tne charge
‘Ava perpendicilar distance 7 from a long
“Straight wite ofa linear charge density
x
f Boas im Ey
Electric field of an infinite plane sheet of charge
B=, a= surface charge density.
2
For@>0, the eld is diected away from the sheet
Fora <0, thefield i directed towards the sheet
[Blsctrc eld oftwo positively charge plates
For g,>03>0,
1
Bea gi tessen) (Ovid pe
1
Ex L(o,—o:) _ Hside the plates
2s
Electric field of two equally and oppos
charged parallel plates
ty
E=0 [Outside the plates)
eee {aside the plates}
‘Electric field of a thin spherical shell
=] Outside points >A)
| Poe
| geo Unside points rR}
bee) t- (atthesutec r=
(Bag evens rom
Electric field of uniformly charged soli sphere
1
Ee
AL [Outside points, r>R)
Ra?
Inside points, r
