Faxriddin RAHMATOV

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Faxriddin RAHMATOV
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Ommabop
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Fakhriddin RAKHM ATOV

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nashriyoti - 2015

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 UO‘K: 821.512. 133-9

К В К - 81.2-2
R-18
F. Rahmatov

Ommabop ingliz tili kursi - F. Rahmatov:

N.: ’’Namangan" nashriyoti, 2015. - 176 b.
KBK- 81.2-2

Mas'ul muharrir: Qahramon ISMOILOV

Taqrizchilar:
H. UBAYDULLAYEV oliy toifali ingliz tili o‘qituvchisi
Z. SODIQOV filologiya fanlari nomzodi, dotsent

Rassomlar:
Najotbek J O ‘RABOYEV
AzizbekJABBOROV

Ushbu kitob o ‘rta umumta’lim maktablarining yuqori sinf

o ‘quvchilari, akademik litsey, kollej talabalari, oliy o ‘quv yurtlariga
kiruvchilar va ingliz tilini mustaqil o ‘rganuvchilar uchun
mo‘ljallangan.

Nr 1282-4327.75-1673970
NG 1283-(9.0)-(01) 2015

© Faxriddin RAHMATOV, 2015

ISBN 978-9943-9773-3-4 © “Namangan” nashriyoti, 2015
 So‘zboshi

Assalomu alaykum, hurmatli ingliz tilini

o‘rganuvchilar! Siz ingliz tilini o‘rganishga ahd qilib
hozirgi kunda juda ham dolzarb va juda foydali ishga qo‘l
urdingiz. Qo‘lingizdagi ushbu kitob maqsadingiz yo‘lida
beqiyos yoiboshchi boiadi, degan umiddamiz.
“Ommabop ingliz tili kursi” kitobida siz ingliz tili
fonetikasi, grammatikasi, leksikasi va og‘zaki nutq
bo‘yicha umumiy ma’lumotlar bilan tanishasiz. Disk
yordamida siz bu ma’lumotlami yanada oson tushinasiz,
talaffuzni o‘rganasiz va eshitib-tushinish malakangizni
rivojlantirasiz. Bu yo‘lda biz sizga kuch-quwat, sabr-toqat
va ulkan muvaffaqiyatlar tilab qolamiz. Salomat bo‘ling!

Omad hamisha hamrohingiz bo ‘Isin!!!

3
 1

MUNDARIJA (Contents)
I Kirish qism
Fonetika
Ingliz tili alfaviti............................................................. 6
Transkriptsiya belgilari...................................................6
Unli tovushlar................................................................. 7
Ayrim unli tovushlaming talaffuzi.................................7
Undosh tovushlar.......................................................... 12
Unli harflaming o‘qilish qoidalari.............................. 15
Unli harf birikmalarining o‘qilishi..............................17
Ayrim undosh harflaming o‘qilishi............................ 18
Undosh harf birikmalarining o‘qilishi......................... 19
Oxiri “r” harfi bilan tugaydigan birikmalaming
o‘qilishi.......................................................................... 2 0
Ayrim harf birikmalarining o‘qilishi........................... 20
II Gap tuzilishi.................................................................... 22
III Qisqacha ingliz tili grammatikasi.................................32
1-mavzu. I am - You are (to be)......................................33
2-mavzu. I am doing, (present continuous tense).......... 36
3-mavzu. I like/do/work, (present simple tense)............39
4-mavzu. I have/have got. (possession).......................... 42
5-mavzu. “to be” ning o‘tgan zamondagi shakllari....... 45
6 -mavzu. I did/worked/went (past simple tense)......... 47
7-mavzu. I was doing (past continuous tense)...............51
8 -mavzu. I have done (present perfect tense)................54
9-mavzu. is done/was done (passive voice).................... 59
10-mavzu. I used to ...(finished actions)......................... 62
11-mavzu. be / get used to something .......................... 64
12-mavzu. I will do (future simple)................................. 6 6
13-mavzu. I am going to do som ething..........................70
14-mavzu. I had done (past perfect tense)...................... 72
15-mavzu. a/an, t h e ..........................................................74

4
16-mavzu. some, any va no gumon olmoshlari..............78
17-mavzu. a lot (of) much many (quantities)................81
18-mavzu. M ight modal f e ’li (permission)......................83
19-mavzu. Can va could m odalfe’lla ri.......................... 86
20-mavzu. Must, m ustn’t, needn’t .................................88
2 1-mavzu. Should modal f e ’l i .......................................... 90
22-mavzu. Sifat (adjective)............................................... 93
23-mavzu. Ravishlar (adverbs).........................................95
24-mavzu. Sifat darajalari................................................ 97
25-mavzu. 1/me/my/mine (pronouns)............................ 102
26-mavzu. Who saw you? (questions 1 ) .......................105
27-mavzu. How many/how much (questions 2).......... 107
28-mavzu. at, on, in vaqt predloglari............................. 109
29-mavzu. What would you do? (conditionals)............ 112
30-mavzu. before, after, while, during.......................... 114

IV Og‘zaki nutq, leksika................................................. 117

Kerakli inglizcha gaplar (Useful English sentences)..... 118
Ingliz tilida eng ko‘p qo‘llanadigan 200 ta so‘z ............ 129
Ko‘p qo‘llanadigan idiomalar.........................................139
Qanday qilib so‘zlashuv malakasini va so‘z boyligini
oson, tez va samarali oshirish mumkin?!...................... 146
Eng ko‘p qoilanadigan old qo‘shimchalar...................149
Eng ko‘p qoilanadigan qo‘shimchalar (suffikslar)....... 153
Grek tilidan kirgan eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan o‘zaklar.....155
Lotin tilidan kirgan eng ko‘p qoilanadigan o‘zaklar....l58
Noto‘g‘ri tuslanuvchi fe’llar ro‘y x ati............................ 162
Mashqlarga javoblar........................................................ 165
Foydalanilgan manbalar ro‘yxati.....................................175

5
 1. FONETIKA (P h o n e t ic s )

Ingliz tili alfaviti (English Alphabet)

Ingliz tili alfavitida 26 ta harf bor - 6 tasi unli (A, E, I,

O, U, Y); 20 tasi undosh:

Harflar Alfavitdagi nomi Harflar Alfavitdagi nomi

Aa [ ei ] Nn [e n ]
Bb [b i:] Oo [o u ]
Cc [s i:] Pp [P i:]
Dd [d i:] Qq [ kju: ]
Ее [ i: ] Rr [a :]
Ff [e f] Ss [e s]
Gg [ d3 i:] Tt [ti: ]
Hh [ eitj ] Uu [ju: ]
Ii [ a i] Vv [v i:]
Jj [ <teei ] Ww [ 'dAbl ju: ]
Kk [k e i] Xx [ eks ]
LI [ e l] Yy [ wai ]
Mm [e m ] Zz [ zed / zi:]

Transkriptsiya belgilari (Transcription marks)

Alfavitdagi 26 ta harf 44 ta tovushni beradi - 20 tasi
unli, 24 tasi undosh. Bu o‘z o‘mida inglizcha so‘zlami
o‘qishda qiyinchilik tug‘diradi, shu sababli ingliz tilida
harflardan tashqari tovushlaming yozuvdagi yana bir
ifodasi sifatida transkriptsiya belgilari qabul qilingan.
Navbatdagi jadvallarda unli va undosh tovushlaming

6
o‘zbek tilidagi ayni ekvivalentlari yoki shunga yaqin
talaffuz qilinadigan ifodasi ko‘rsatilgan, jadval so‘nggida
ba’zi o‘zbek tilida yo‘q tovushlaming talaffuzi haqida
batafsil ma’lumotlar berilgan.

UNLI TOVUSHLAR (Vowel sounds)

Transkrip. 0 ‘zbekcha T ranskrip. 0 ‘zbekcha
N N ifodalanishi
belgilari ifodalanishi belgilari
1 [ i:l 1 (i) 11 [a: ] 4 (o‘) - <Упк
2 и qisqa (i) 12 Lai5 - bordi
3 [e] (e) 13 [ei] 6 (ei)
4 И 2 - 14 [эй] (o‘u)
5 [a :] 3 (a) 15 [ai] (ai)
6 [Э] qisqa (o) 16 [au] (au)
7 m (O) 17 [ai] (oi)
8 [u] qisqa (u) 18 [ial (ie)
9 [u:] (u) 19 [ea] (eie)
10 [*] qisqa (a) 2 0 [ua] (ue)

Ayrim unli tovushlaming talaffuzi

1. [i:] - ikki nuqta cho‘ziqlikni ifodalaydi, lekin ingliz
tilidagi cho‘ziq unli o‘zbek tilidagi oddiy unli tovushga,
oddiy unli tovush qisqa (yarim) unli tovushga teng
keladi.
2. [ae] tovushi. Bu tovush (e) va (a) tovushlari o‘rtasidagi
tovush hisoblanadi. Og‘iz (e) tovushini aytgan darajada
kichikroq ochiladi va lablaming ikki cheti orqaga tortila-
di, tilning uchi pastki tishlarga tiraladi, pastki jag‘ biroz
tushgan holda bo‘ladi, til o‘rtasi biroz oldinga intilgan
holda yuqoriga ko‘tarilib talaffuz qilinadi. Jarangli un-

7
 doshlar oldidan kelganda biroz cho‘ziqroq talaffiiz qili-
nadi.
[e], [ae] va [л] tovushlarini al-
mashtirib yanglish talaffiiz qilish
ma’no o‘zgarishiga olib kelishi
mumkin.
Masalan:
bet [bet] - garov o‘ynamoq
bat [bast] - ko‘rshapalak
but [bAt] - lekin
man [masn] - kishi
men [men] - kishilar

A harfi urg‘uli yopiq bo‘g‘inda [ae] tovushini beradi:

plan [plaen] jam [dsaem]
man [тагп] map [maep]
bag [baeg] fan [faen]
ran [raen] glad [glaed]
3. [a:] tovushi
0 ‘zbekcha (a) tovushiga o‘x-
shash, lekin til orqaga va past
tomonga harakatlanadi va tekis
holatda bo‘ladi. Til uchi pastki
tishlardan orqa tomonga tortila-
di. Lablar neyt-
ral (erkin) holat­
da bo‘ladi.
Odatda ar + undosh (ear + undosh birikmasidan tash-
qari) birikmasi [a:] tovushini beradi. So‘zlami suxandon
ortidan qaytaring:
bar [ba:] arm [a:m] start [stent] party [’pa:ti]
car[ka:] art [a:t] army['a:mi] hard [ha:d]

8
4. [a:] tovushi
Bu tovush o'rik so‘zidagi (o‘)
tovushiga o‘xshaydi. Tilni ko‘ta-
rib o‘rtasini maksimal darajada
tekis holatda tutib talaffuz qili-
nadi.

[a:] tovushini quyidagi unlilar beradi. So‘zlami suxandon

ortidan qaytaring:
Ее
er + undosh / ear + undosh birikmalarida:
were [wai] serve [saiv] pearl [pail]
her [ha:] earn [a:n] term [ta:m]
certain ['saitn] early ['a:li]

Ii
ir + undosh birikmasida:
sir [sa:] firm [faim] shirt [fait]
first [fa:st] girl [ga:l] birth ['ba: 0 ]

Uu
ur + undosh birikmasida:
bum [bain] hurt [hait] curtain ['kaitn]
turn [tain] surf[saif] purpose ['paipas]

9
 5. [a] tovushi
Bu neytral tovush hisoblanadi.
U doimo urg‘usiz. 0 ‘zbek tili al-
favitida bu tovushni ifodalaydi-
gan harf yo‘q, biroq bordi, bir
kabi so‘zlardagi “i” harfi aynan
[э] tarzida talaf­
fuz qilinadi.

[a] tovushini urg‘usiz bo‘g‘inda quyidagi unlilar beradi.

So‘zlami suxandon ortidan qaytaring:
Aa
accept [ak'sept] machine [ma'Jiin]
account [a'kaunt] husband ['hAzband]
affect [a'fekt] woman ['wuman]
anoint [a'roint] popular ['pDpjula]

Ее
better ['beta] loiter ['bits]
letter ['letar] pure [pjua]
instrument ['instrumant] racer ['reisa]
property ['pnpati] rather ['ra: 6 a]

vision [Vi3 an] nation ['neifan]

visor ['vaiza] junior ['d3 u:njar]
c razor ['reiza] erosion [i'rau 3 an]
prior ['praia] actor ['aekta]
mission ['mi/an] factor ['faekta]

10
6. [ei] tovushi
Bu tovush diftong deb ataladi. Diftonglar juda ham qisqa
ikki unli tovushning birikmasi hisoblanadi. 0 ‘zbek tilida
diftonglar yo‘q.
[ei] tovushini quyidagi harf va birikmalar beradi.
S o ‘z la m i suxandon ortidan qaytaring:

Aa harfi - ochiq bo \g'inda:

name [neim] table ['teibl] mate [meit]

make [meik] save [seiv] safe [seif]
made [meid] wave [weiv]
take [teik] grade [greid]

ai, ay harf birikmalari:

aid [eid] mail [meil] bay [bei]

main [mein] waif [weif] nay [nei]
pain [pein] sail [seil] say [sei]
fail [feil] ail [eil] day [dei]
bait [beit] pay [pei]

ei, ey harf birikmalari:

eight [eit] they [dei] weight [weit]

grey [grei] veil [feil]

11
 UNDOSH TOVUSHLAR (Consonant sounds)

Transkrip. 0 ‘zbekcha Transkrip. 0 ‘zbekcha

belgilari ifodalanishi belgilari ifodalanishi
[p] (p) w (s)
[b] (b) и (z)
[t]1 (t) ш (sh)
Ed] (d) Ы (j) - aidod
[k] (k) [h] (h) - halim
[g] (g) [m] (m)
[tJ] (ch) И (n)
№] M 4 (ng) - tong
ra (f) [1] (1)
[V] (v) И 5 (r)
[0 ] 2 - 01 (У)
[6 ]3 - [w ] 6 - (ue)

1. [t] tovushi
0 ‘zbek tilidagi (t) tovushiga
mos keladi, faqat biroz shiddat
bilan portlatib talaffuz qilinadi.
Til uchini ko‘tarib yuqori
tanglayga tekkizib talaffuz
qilinadi.

2. [0] tovushi
Jarangsiz tovush, o‘zbek tilida bunday tovush yo‘q.
Uni talaffuz qilishda til uchini yuqori tishlaming qirra-

12
 siga qo‘yib biroz ezib, orasidan havoni chiqarish bilan
talaffuz qilinadi.
Ba’zan [0] tovushini [s] yoki
[f] tovushiga almashtirib talaffuz
qilish kabi xatoliklar ham uchrab
qoladi, lekin bu ma’no o‘zgarishi-
ga olib keladi.

Masalan:
sin [sin] - gunoh thin [0 in] - oriq, ingichka
first [fa:st] - birinchi thirst [09:st] - chanqoq

3. [d] tovushi
Jarangli tovush, sirg‘aluvchi
(z) tovushiga o‘xshash, o‘zbek
tilida bunday tovush yo‘q. Bun­
da til uchini yuqori tishlaming
qirrasiga qo‘yib biroz ezib,
orasidan havoni
chiqarish bilan
talaffuz qilinadi.

4. [rj] tovushi
0 ‘zbek tilidagi (ng) tovushi
bilan bir xil. Tilning orqa qis-
mi yumshoq tanglayga tegib
havo oqimining burun bo‘shli-
g‘idan chiqishi orqali talaffuz
qilinadi.

13
5. |r] tovushi
0 ‘zbekcha (r) tovushiga mos
keladi, lekin titramaydi. Tilning
uchi orqaga qayrilgan holda
talaffuz qilinadi.

6. [w] tovushi
0 ‘zbek tilida bunday tovush
yo‘q. Talaffuzda tarang holdagi
lablar oldinga cho‘zilib aylana
shakliga keladi va havo oqimi
bosim bilan chiqqanda og‘iz
chetlari tez va shiddat bilan
qimirlaydi. Bu “ue” birikmasini
aytishga biroz o‘xshab ketadi.

14
 Unli harflarning o‘qilish qoidalari

Sizga ma’lumki, 6 ta unli harf 20 ta tovushni beradi.

Demak, bitta unli harfga bir nechta tovush to‘g‘ri keladi.
Quyida har bir unli harfning o‘qilishi alohida ko‘rsatilgan.
Qaysi bo‘g‘inda va qaysi harf birikmalar tarkibida qay
tarzda talaffuz qilinishiga e’tibor bering:

“Aa”
So'zlarni suxandon ortidan qaytaring:
ochiq bo ‘g ‘inda. Masalan: name [neim]
[ei]
make, made, table, save, wave, mate, safe, cake.
ar + undosh (ear + undosh birikmasidan tashqari)
[a:]
far, star, arm, farm, starve, art, cart, hard, mark.
ar + unli
[ЕЭ]
care, bare, fare, hare, mare, pare, stare, tare, ware.
urg ‘usiz bo ‘g ‘inda
M accept, account, affect, husband, woman, popular.

“Ее”
ochiq bo ‘g ‘inda, ее harf birikmasida
[i:J bee, see, be, he, she, steel, street, fee, feet.
yopiq bo ‘g ‘inda
[e] let, met, men, belt, set, pet, tell, best, fell, well, left.
er + undosh / ear + undosh
[a:]
were, her, certain, serve, earn, early, pearl.
er + unli / eer / ear.
[ia] here, cheer, queer, beer, near, dear, nearly, clear.
urg ‘usiz bo ‘g ‘inda
[э] letter, instrument, property, pure, racer, rather.

15
 “ Ii”

ochiq bo ‘g ‘inda
[ai]
fine, five, nice, mile, tie, hide, pile, file, like, pipe.
yopiq bo ‘g ‘inda
[i] ill, fill, his, did, if, miss, pick, tick, silly, it, sit.
ir + undosh
[a:]
fir, firm, birthday, dirty, bird, thirty, thirteen, stir.
ir + unli
[aia]
wire, mire, fire, admire, tired.

“O o”
ochiq bo ‘g ‘inda
[au]
no, nose, go, note, rose, tone, smoke, so.
yopiq bo ‘g ‘inda
W on, dog, ox, loss, doll, golf, clock, coffee, not, lot.
or (wor + undosh birikmasidan tashqari)
[o:\
or, bore, order, sort, nor, for, port, sport, more.
urg ‘usiz bo ‘g ‘inda
la]
razor, prior, mission, nation, junior, erosion, actor.

“Uu”
ochiq bo ‘g ‘inda
[ju:]
tube, music, produce, tulip, due, tune, huge, use.
yopiq bo ‘g ‘inda
W
bus, cup, mud, shut, must, under, dull, run, rush.
ur + undosh
[9:1
bum, turn, hurt, surf, burst, curtain, purpose, curl.
ur + unli
ljua] cure, during, pure.

16
 “ Y y”
ochiq bo ‘g ‘inda:
[ai]
type, try, eye, bye, my, why, dry, shy, sky, rhyme.
yopiq bo ‘g ‘inda:
hi system, symbol, gym, myth, hymn.
yr + unli:
|aia]
byre, tyre.
у + unli so‘z boshida
|J| yes, youth, your, young, yard, year, yellow, you.
urg ‘usiz bo ‘g ‘inda
[i] very, sorry, dictionary, already, army, busy.

Unli harf birikmalarining o‘qilishi

ее, ea [i:]
three, beat, cheese, dean, eat, feel, feet, free, tea.
[ei]
ei, ey
eight, grey, they, veil, weight.
eu, ew liu:l
few, knew, neutral, new, news, nucleus, queue.
[i:l [ai] [e]
ie
yield, chiefly, niece, cried, quiet, tie, friend.
[ei]
ai, ay
afraid, aid, aim, day, mail, main, may, pay, wait.
[э:] [a:]
au, aw
aunt, author, awful, cause, daughter, laugh, saw.
all, al [э:] [o:l]
+ all, already, also, ball, call, chalk, fall, hall,
undosh salt, small, talk, tall, walk, wall.
[au]
oa
boast, coal, coat, goal, load, loan, oak, road.

N iz o m iy nom li
T D P U
k utu bxon asi
 1) [u] (к, d dan oldin kelganda)
book, brook, good, shook, took, understood.
00
2 ) [u:]
cool, foot, moon, school, wool, zoo.
[Di]
01, oy
boy, choice, coin, oil, point, soil, toy, voice.
[au]
ou, ow
about, cow, flower, house, out, south, town.

AYRIM UNDOSH HARFLARNING 0 ‘QILISHI

“ C c”

So'zlarni suxandon ortidan qaytaring:

e, i, у unlilaridan oldin
[s]
ace, bicycle, certain, choice, city, cycle, dance, ice.
boshqa hollarda
[Kj
difficult, act, become, because, cap, class, coat.

wG g
e, i, у unlilaridan oldin kelganda
№1
age, bridge, charge, energy, geography, gymnastics.
boshqa hollarda va qoidadan mustasno so ‘zlarda
LgJ
ago, bag, dog, finger, forget, gas, gate, get, give.

“Qq”
qu so ‘z boshi va о ‘rtasida
[kw]
quail, quality, quartz, queen, quickly, quite.
que so ‘z oxirida
Ikj technique, unique.

18
 “Ss”
so z bos hi va oxirida, jarangsiz undoshlardan
[si oldin va keyin kelganda
ask, institute, best, cost, course, save, say, this.
unli va jarangli undoshdan keyin, ikkita unli
[z] orasida
news, as, busy, cheese, close, his, husband, visit.

UNDOSH HARF BIRIKMALARINING 0 ‘QILISHI

So‘zlarni suxandon ortidan qaytaring:
ск - [к] back, check, clock, duck, lock, luck, thick.
ch, tch - [tj] branch, chair, chalk, rich, touch, watch.
sh - m finish, she, sheep, shoe, shop, should.
1) [0 ] so z bos hi va oxirida
birth, health, north, thing, think, thought.
2 ) [d] ikkita unli orasida, aniq artiklda,
th ayrim olmosh va ravishlarda
brother, father, mother, northern, that, the.
Ooidadan mustasno:
author ['э:0 э], isotherm ['ais9u09:m]
ng - M anger, bring, hunger, king, long, nothing.
Ph -[f] phantasy, philosophy, phone, photo.
gh (so z 1) [-] bought [bo:t], daughter [’do:ts],
boshida eight, fight, height, high, night, taught.
kelmaydi) 2 ) [f] - enough [i'mvf], laugh, rough, tough.
bt - [t] debt, doubt.
gn - [n] design, gnash, gnat, gnaw, gnome, gnu.
kn - [n] knew, knife, knight, know, knowledge.
mn, mb - [m] autumn, hymn, bomb, limb, thumb, womb.
ps - [s] psychology.
rh - [r] rhapsody, rhetoric, rhyme, rhythm.

19
 1 ) [h] “o” harfidan oldin
who, whole, whom, whose.
wh
2 ) [w] boshqa hollarda
which, when, what, why, whale, wheat.
wr - [r wreck, wren, wrest, wrist, write, wrong.
nk - [r)k] bank, drink, rank, sink, sunk, thank, think.

Oxiri “r” harfi bilan tugaydigan

birikmalarning o‘qilishi

eer, ear - [is] appear, beer, clear, dear, hear, near, nearly.
oor - [us] boor, moor, poor.
(ba’zan) [d:] door, floor, moor.
wor + undosh - [wa:] word, work, world, worse, worst.
air - [вэ] chair, hair, lair, pair, stair.
our, owr, ouer, ower - [аиэ] power, shower, tower.

Ayrim harf birikmalarining o‘qilishi

ci/ ti / si + unli - [fa]

dictionary, direction, efficient, mission, nation, special.
unli + sion (so z oxirida) - [зэп]
corrosion, decision, erosion, explosion, vision._______
sure - [fa] [Jus] [зэ]
sure, ensure, leisure, measure, pleasure, pressure._____
ture - [tja]
literature, culture, future, lecture.__________________
zure - [39 ] azure.__________________________________
ould - [ud]
could, should, would.

20
w a - [wo] [wo:]
walk, wall, want, war, warm, was, wash, watch, water.
qua - [kwo] [kwo:]
quality, quantity, quartz, squash.__________________
gu - [g]
guard, guest, league.____________________________
om, on, ov, oth - [лт ] [лп] [av ] [лд]
above, become, cover, done, front, one, other, wonder,
as + undosh - [a:s]
ask, cast, caste, class, fast, ghastly, grass, last, task,
af + undosh - [a:f] after, craft, draft, raft, staff.
ath - [a:5] father._________________________________
ance - [a:ns] dance, trance._________________________
anch - [a:ntf] branch.______________________________
ant - [a:nt] grant._________________________________
and - [a:nd] command, commander, demand.__________

21
 GAP TUZILISHI (Sentence Structure)
Ma’lumki, ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida gap tuzilishi bir-
biridan tubdan farq qiladi. Bu o‘z navbatida til
o‘rganuvchilarga bir muncha qiyinchilik tug‘dirishi tabiiy
hoi, albatta. Shu sababli, o‘zlashtirish oson bo‘lsin degan
maqsadda ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi gap tuzilishlari hech
bir qoida yoki ta’riflarsiz, imkon qadar eng sodda
uslubdagi namunalar bilan berildi. Bunda inglizcha gap
tarkibidagi har bir so‘z yoki bo‘lak ostida tartib raqami
bilan berilgan; tarjima qilinganda aynan o‘sha so‘z yoki
bo‘lak o‘zbekcha gapda qanday tartibda kelishini ostidagi
tartib raqamidan bilib olinadi. Namunalardan foydalangan
holda berilgan mashqlami bajarish va yangi so‘zlar
ishtirokida gaplar tuzish mumkin.
1-namuna.
Awalo buyruq gaplardan boshlaymiz. Ingliz tilida
fe’lning infinitiv (infinitive) deb ataluvchi noaniq shakli
bor, u “to” yuklamasi yordamida yasaladi - to read - о ‘qi-
moq. Bu o‘zbek tilidagi harakat nomining -moq qo‘shim-
chali shakliga to‘g‘ri keladi. Xuddi o‘zbek tilida harakat
nomining -moq qo‘shimchasini tushirib buyruq gap yasal-
gani singari, ingliz tilida ham buyruq mayli infitivdagi
“to” yuklamasini tushirib qo‘llash bilan hosil bo‘ladi:
Read! - 0 ‘qi! / 0 ‘qing! / 0 ‘qinglar!
Buyruq gapda fe’l doimo gap boshida keladi va boshqa
gap bo‘laklari fe’ldan keyin keladi:
Read this text! - Mana bu matnni o‘qi!
1 2 2 1
Give me that book! - Menga u kitobni bering!
1 2 3 2 3 1
Yodda tuting:
a pen - ruchka (birlik) two pens - ikkita ruchka (ко ‘p lik)
two lessons - ikkita dars Lesson Two - ikkinchi dars
 Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib
gaplar tuzing.
to show [Jsu] - ko‘rsatmoq a hen [эЪеп] - tovuq
to say - aytmoq a hat [s'haet] - shlyapa
say! [sei] - de! ...deb ayt! and [and] - va, hamda
a cat [Vkaet] - mushuk a cup [з’клр] - piyola
a bat [s'bset] - ko‘rshapalak two [tu:] - ikki, ikkita
a rat [s'raet] - kalamush three [0 ri:] - uch, uchta
one [waii] - bir, bitta, bir a dog [a'dog] - it
dona a gun [з'длп] - miltiq
lesson [lesn] - dars a pig [a'pig] - cho‘chqa
a cap [э'каер] - qalpoq, Good morning!
shapka ['gud'mo:niq] - Xayrli
a pen [э'реп] - ruchka tong!

2-namuna.
I see four books on the table.
1 2 3 4

Men stol ustida(gi) to‘rtta kitob(ni) ko‘ryapman.

1 4 3 2

Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib

gaplar tuzing.

four [f d:] - to‘rt, to‘rtta five [faiv] - besh

a box [s’boks] - quti, a boy [a'boi] - o‘g‘il bola
yashik, korobka a kitten [aTdtn] - mushuk
a fox [a’foks] - tulki bolasi
a bed [a'bed] - krovat a star [a'sta:] - yulduz
jam [d3 asm] - murabbo, a vase [9 ’va:z] - vaza,
qiyom guidon

23
a lamp [э'1ж тр] - chiroq a zebra [э'гкЬгэ] - zebra
six [siks] - olti, oltita a squirrel [Vskwirel] - ol-
a wolf [s'wulf] - bo‘ri maxon

3-namuna.
I have a book. - Menda kitob bor
1 2 3 1 3 2

I have no copy-book. - Menda daftar yo‘q.

1 2 3 1 3 2

He has a book. - Unda kitob bor

1 2 3 1 3 2

This boy has a book. - Bu bolada kitob bor

1 2 3 1 3 2

Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib

gaplar tuzing.

a book [эЪик] - kitob this [dis] - bu, mana bu

a copy-book [aTcopibuk] that [dast] - u, o‘sha, anavi
- daftar he [hi:] - и (о ‘g ‘il bold)
seven [sevn] - yetti he has [hi: ’haez] - unda
I [ai] - men ...bor
to have [taliaev] - bor a ball [эЪэ:1]-Ш‘р
boim oq, ega bo‘lmoq a stick [s'stik] - hassa; ta-
but - ammo, lekin yoq
a spoon [s'spuin] - qoshiq too [tu:] - ham
to show [[эи] - ko‘rsatmoq a pistol [a'pistl] - pistolet
me [mi:] - meni, menga a word [a'ws.'d] - so‘z
eight [eit] - sakkiz to say [sei] - aytmoq

24
 4-namuna.
This fish is* on the dish. - Bu baliq idishda.
1 2 3 4 1 4+3

*Izoh: 1) “is” tarjimada tushib qoladi; 2 ) “on” prelog, so‘z

oldida keladi, lekin o‘zbek tilida -da kelishik qo‘shimchasi
bilan beriladi.

Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib

gaplar tuzing.

nine [nain] - to‘qqiz in [in] - -da, ichida

a girl [э'дэ: 1] - qiz bola a lake [s'leik] - ko‘l
a dish [o’dij] - idish, kosa a snake [o'sneik] - ilon
a fish [sTiJ] - baliq to like [laik] - yoqtirmoq,
is [iz] - -dir, turibdi (ко ‘pin- yaxshi ko‘rmoq
cha tarjima qilinmaydi) I like ... - Men ... yoqtira-
on [on] - -da, ustida man / menga ... yoqadi
she [Ji:] - u (qiz) a cake [s'keik] - tort
a frog [o'frog] - qurbaqa a doll [a'dol] - qo‘g‘irchoq
a log [эЧэд] - to‘nka, g‘o‘la

5-namuna.
Has she a doll? - Uning qo‘g‘irchog‘i bormi?
Have you a rabbit? - Senda quyon bormi?
1 2 3 2 3 1

Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib

gaplar tuzing.

ten [ten] - o‘n, o‘nta Have you? - Sizda /senda

Has she? - Unda bormi? bormi?
yes [jes] - ha a rabbit [o'rasbit] - quyon
you [ju:] - sen, siz, sizlar no [пэи] - yo‘q

25
I have not - Menda ... yo‘q from ... to - -dan ...-ga
a chicken [o'tjikin] - jo ‘ja to catch [kaetj] - ushla-
to count [kaunt] - sanamoq moq, tutmoq
from [from] - -dan Yes, she has. - Ha (bor).
to [to] - -ga, -gacha No, I have not. - Yo‘q.

6-namuna.
How many balls have you?
1 2 3 4
Senda nechta koptok bor?
4 1 2 3
2- variant
Senda koptok nechta?
4 2 1
Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib
gaplar tuzing.

eleven [i'levn] - o‘n bir a duckling [o'dAkliq] - o‘r-

how [hau] - qandoq (qilib) dakcha
many [’meni] - ko‘p a cow [o'kau] - sigir, mol
How many? - Nechta? it [it] - u (hayvon va jonsiz
we [wi:] - biz narsalarga)
a duck [o'dAk] - o‘rdak
a horse [ho:s] - ot
twelve [twelv] - o‘n ikki
black [blaek] - qora
with [wid] - bilan
they [dei] - ular

7-namuna.
Where the girl? - Qiz qayerda/qani?
1 3 3 1

She is in the room. - U xonada.

1 2 3 4 1 4+3

26
 T o p s h iriq . Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib
gaplar tuzing.
thirteen - o‘n uch(ta) man).
where [wes] - qani, qayer, he, she, it is - u ...(-dir)
qayer(-ga/-da) under [4nds] - tagida
a room [ru:m] - xona a tree [tri:] - daraxt
a table [teibl] - xontaxta, very [veri] - juda, rosa
stol good [gud] - yaxshi
a house [haus] - uy, bino Thank you. [’Baegk'ju:]
a garden [ga:dn] - bog‘ - Rahmat.
I am [ai'aem] - Men ...(-

8-namuna.
What colour is this flag?
1 2 3
Bu bayroq qanday rangda?
3 1

2-variant
Bu bayroqning rangi qanday?
4 2 1
It is red. - U qizil.
Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib
gaplar tuzing.

fourteen ['f o:'ti:n] - o‘n grey [grei] - kulrang

to‘rt a dress [dres] - ko‘ylak
What colour? ['wot 'кл1э] (iayollarniki)
- Qanday rangda? blue [blu:] - ko‘k
a flag [flasg] - bayroq his [hiz] - uning (о g 7/
a shirt [J3 :t] - ko‘ylak bola)
(erkaklarniki) your [jo:] - sening,
green [gri:n] - yashil siz(lar)ning

27
my [mai] - mening a goat [gaut] - echki
a pencil [pensl] - qalam white [wait] - oq
Daddy ['daedi] - dada red [red] - qizil
Mammy ['maemi] - oyi a car [ka:] - avtomobil
her [Ьэ:] - uning (<qiz bola) a street [strirt] - ko‘cha
to take [teik] - olmoq a ribbon ['riban] - lenta
big [big] - katta a lemon ['lemon] - limon

9-namuna.
What animal is this? - Bu qanday hayvon?
1 2 3 3 1

Topshiriq. Berilgan so'ziar yordamida namunadan foydalanib

gaplar tuzing.

fifteen [Tif'ti:n] - o‘n besh bad [basd] - yomon

to look [luk] - qaramoq seventeen ['sevn'ti:n] - o‘n
what [wot] - 1) nima; 2 ) yetti
qanday, qaysi; nechanchi what flower - qanday gul
a flower [flaua] - gul an animal ['aenimol] - hay­
these [di:z] - bular von
those [dauz] - anavilar, a tiger ['taiga] - yo‘lbars
o‘shalar a jackal [Мзаекэ1] - shoqol,
a rose [rauz] - atirgul chiyabo‘ri
a violet [vaislit] - binafsha small [smo:l] -kichkina
or [э:] - yoki, bo‘lmasa weak [wi:k] - kuchsiz,
a bird [ba:d] - qush nimjon
a cage [o'keid3 ] - qafas a lion [laisn] - sher, arslon
little [litl] - kichkina its [its] - uning; uniki (hay­
an umbrella [лтЪгеЬ] von va jonsiz narsalarga)
- soyabon as ... as [aez ... aez] - -dek
yellow [ jetau] - sariq ...; ...-chalik; kabi; -ga
trousers [’trauzaz] - shim o‘xshagan

28
not so ... as [not sou ... to see [si:] - ko‘rmoq
aez] - -dek ... emas

10-namuna.
What is your name? - (Sening) isming nima?
1 2 3 4 3 4 1

My name is Samad. - Mening ismim Samad.

How old are you? - (Sen) necha yoshdasan/sening
yoshing nechada?
I am twelve (years old). - Men o‘n ikki(yosh)daman.

Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib

gaplar tuzing.

nineteen [nain'ti:n] - o‘n (farzand)

a SOn [SAn] - 0 ‘ g ‘ il
to‘qqiz a puppy [’p A p i] - kuchuk-
what [wot] - 1 . nima 2 . cha
(kasbi) kim clever ['klevo] - aqlli
What is your name? ['wot Mr. ['misto] -janob
iz jo: 'neim] - Isming(iz) a doctor [ 'dokto] - vrach,
nima? shifokor, doktor
who [hu:] - kim a brother [Ъга 6 э] - aka,
a man [maen] - erkak kishi uka
a hunter ['hAnto] - ovchi a friend [frend] - do‘st

ll-nam una.
There is a lemon on the saucer.
1 2 3 4
Likopchada limon bor.
4+3 2 1
There are some nuts on the plate. - Tovoqda yong‘oqlar
bor.

29
 Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib
gaplar tuzing.
there is [беэг iz] - bor, an apple [aspl] - olma
turibdi (birlik) a wood [wud] - o‘rmon
there are ['беэг a:] - bor, at school ['sku:l] - maktab
turibdi (ко p/ik) da
some [sAm] - ba’zi, bir water ['wait] - su’
qancha, bir oz boiled [boild] - qaynagan
a nut [nAt] - yong‘oq an eye [ai] - ko‘z
an owl [aul] - boyo‘g‘li eyes [aiz] - ko‘zlar
a mouse [maus] - sichqon a wing [wig] - qanot
mice [mais] - sichqonlar to eat [i:t] - yemoq

12-пат ипа.
Is there any bread for dinner?
1 2 3 4 5

Tushlikka non bormi?

5+4 3 1+2
Is there much milk in that jug? - Anavi ko‘zada sut
ko‘pmi?

Topshiriq. Berilgan so'zlar yordamida namunadan foydalanib

gaplar tuzing.

any [’eni] - birorta (boisa much [mAtJ-] - ko‘p (sa-

ham) nalmaydigan otlar uchun)
bread [bred] - non a jug [d3 A g]-ko‘za
for [fo:] - uchun a class [kla:s] - sinf
a dinner ['dins] - tushlik a forest [’forist] - o‘rmon
for dinner - tushlikka a kettle [ketl] - choygum,

30
 qumg‘on paypoq
cheese [tji:z] - pishloq a sofa [’saufs] - divan
butter ['bAta] - sariyog 4 at the cinema [st
tea [ti:] - choy da'sinims] - kino(teatr)
for tea - choyga, tanovul -da
qilish uchun a plate [pleit] - likopcha,
a kitchen ['kitjn] - osh- tarelka
xona a nest [nest] - in, uya
to put [put] - qo‘ymoq a cupboard ['kAbsd] - bu-
twenty [’twenti] - yigirma fet
a pair [реэ] - juft, para to put on [’put’on] - kiy-
a shoe [Ju:] - tufli moq, kiyib olmoq
a pair of shoes - (bir juft) to put - qo‘ymoq
tufli in the tree - daraxtda
a chair [tfes] - kursi, stul in the street - ko‘cha
a stocking [stokiq] - uzun

31
 QISQACHA in g liz t il i

GRAMMATIKASI

ENGLISH GRAMMAR
IN BRIEF

Aziz 0 ‘quvchi, awalgi bo‘limlarda siz ingliz tili

fonetikasi, ya’ni harf va tovushlarga doir ma’lmnotlami,
hamda ingliz tilidagi gaplaming tuzilishini о‘rganib
oldingiz. Demak, endi siz lug‘at yordamida gaplar
tuzishingiz, tarjima qilishingiz mumkin. Ко‘rib
turganingizdek, xuddi mashina haydashni bilish uchun
uning ichki mexanizmlarining ishlash prinsiplarini bilish
shart bo‘lmagani kabi tilni bilish va muloqot qila olish
uchun grammatik qoidalami bilish ham unchalik muhim
shart emas. Axir o‘z ona tilimizni ham grammatikani o‘qi-
masdan о ‘rganganmiz-ku. Lekin nutqimizda xato kam
bo‘lishi va, eng asosiysi, o‘zimizga ishonchimiz
mustahkam bo‘lishi uchun hech bo‘lmasa eng ko‘p
ishlatiladigan va zaruriy grammatik qoidalami bilishimiz
foydadan holi bo‘lmaydi, albatta.
Shu sababli, ushbu bo‘limda qisqacha grammatik
ma’lumotlar va ularga doir mashqlami o‘z ichiga olgan 30
ta dars jamlangan. Bu bo‘limni o‘qib-o‘rganib nutqingiz
yanada ravon va o‘zingizga ishonchingiz ortishiga
aminmiz.
Omadyor bo ‘Isinl

32
 1 -m a v z u . “to & e"yordam chi fe’li

Q u y id ag i m is o lla m i ta rjim a qiling:

• I am Akmal Salimov.
• I’m Uzbek.
• I am from Uzbekistan.
• I am 22 (years old).
• I am a student. I’m not an
engineer.
• I am interested in sport.
• I am fond of music.
• I am tall. I’m not short.
• I am single. I’m not married.
This is Akmal. His surname is
Salimov. He’s Uzbek. He’s
twenty two. He’s a student.

To be yordamchi fe’li “bo'lmoq, -dir” deya tarjima

qilinadi (ko‘pincha tarjima qilinmasligi ham mumkin).
Hozirgi zamonda 3 ta shakli bor: am, is, are. am - I shaxs
birlikda, is - III shaxs birlikda, are - ko‘plikda ishlatiladi:

I am (I’m) we are (we’re)

he is (he’s) you are (you’re)
she is (she’s) they are (they’re)
it is (it’s)

negative - bo ‘lishsiz / inkor

I am not (I’m not)
he is (he’s not or he isn’t)
she is not (she’s not or she isn’t)
it is (it’s not or it isn’t)

33
 we are (we’re not or we aren’t)
you are not (you’re not or you aren’t)
they are_____ (they’re not or they aren’t)

To be yordamchi fe’li quyidagicha birikmalarda

ishlatiladi:
to be hungry - qorni ochmoq to be tired - charchamoq
to be interested (in) - qiziqmoq to be fond of - yoqtirmoq
to be cold - sovqotmoq to be hot - isib ketmoq

To be yordamchi fe’li shakllarini egadan avval qo‘llash

bilan so‘roq gap yasaladi:
_____ positive question
I am am I?
he ' he?
she ' is is 4 she?
it . it?
we ' we?
you ■ are are < you?
they they?

He is a student. -> Is he a student?

Quyidagi misollami tarjima qiling:
• ‘What’s your name?’ ‘Sanjar.’
• ‘How old are you?’ ‘20.’
• ‘Are you Uzbek?’ ‘Yes, I am.’
• ‘Are you a student?’ ‘Yes, I am.’
• ‘Are you married?’ ‘No, I am single.’
• ‘Is it your bag?’ ‘Yes, it is.’
• ‘Is he OK?’ ‘Yes, he is.’
• ‘Is it cold?’ ‘No, it is not.’

34
 MASHQLAR

I Qisqartma shakllarni yozing. (she’s / we aren *t etc.)

1 she is sh e’s 2. you are n o t....... 3 . 1 am n o t............

II. Rasmga qarab am, is yoki are qo4ying.

1. The weather is ... nice today.
2. I .......... not tired.
3. I t ........... not cold today.
4. T hese......... trees.
5. The s u n ............. in the sky.
6 . The clouds......... grey.
7. I ....... a gardener. My sister
........ a nurse.
III. Gaplarni is/isn ’t/are/aren’t mosi bilan to‘ldiring.
1. (your shoes very nice) Your shoes are very nice.....
2. (my brother a teacher) M y ............................................
3 . (this house not very b ig )...............................................
4 . (the office not open today)............................................
5 . (my books under the desk ).............................................
6 . (his sister not o ld )...........................................................
7 . (you not very fa t)............................................................

IV. Find the right answers for the questions.

1. Where's the book? A From Andijan. 1
2 . Is your coat red? В No, I'm not. 2
3. Is Ali from England? С Yes, you are. 3
4. Am I late? D My sister. 4
5. Where's Aziz from? E Black. 5
6 . What colour is your car? F No, it's black. 6
7. Are you thirsty? G In your bag. 7
8 . How is your father? H No, he's Uzbek. Я
9. Who‘s that girl coming? I Very well. 9

35
 2 -m a v zu . I am doing.

‘Where’re the children?’ ‘They

are playing in the yard.’

I am doing (am/is/are +
V-ing) ko‘rinishidagi gaplar
nutq so‘zlanayotganda bajarila-
yotgan ish-harakatlami anglata-
di, o‘zbek tilida “biror ish qilyapti/qilmoqda/qilib turibdi'''
deya ifodalanadi. Ushbu shakldagi gaplar hozirgi davomli
zamon {present continuous tense) hisoblanadi. Quyidagi
jadvaldan barcha shaxslarda bo‘lishli, inkor va so‘roq
gaplaming qanday yasalishini o‘rganing:

I am (not) -ing Am I -ing?

he " -h e ^
she >- is (not) -ing Is \ she >- -ing?
it _ .it „
we " -w e -
you - are (not) -ing Are -< you - -ing?
they, they.
Quyidagi misollami taijima qi ing:
• I’m working.
• He is preparing a lesson.
• She isn’t reading, {or She’s not reading.)
• The phone is ringing.
• You’re not listening to me. (or You aren’t ...)

36
"-ing” Я° ‘shilishidagi imloviy qoidalarniyodda tuting:
come —►coming write —►writing
dance —►dancing lie —►lying
run —►running sit —►sitting
Misollar:
• ‘Are y o u feeling OK?’ ‘Yes, I’m fin e, th a n k y o u .’
_ “ T u z u k m is a n ? ” “ H a, y ax sh im a n , ra h m a t” .
• ‘Is it raining?’ ‘Yes, take an umbrella.’ - “Yomg‘ir
y0 g‘yaptimi?” “Ha, soyabon ol”.
• Why are you wearing a coat? It’s not cold. - Nega palto
kiyib yuribsan? Sovuq emasku.
• Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Soli?
- Kimni kutib turibsan? Solini kutyapsanmi?

Gapdagi so‘z tartibiga ahamiyat bering:

is/are ■+ subject + -ing
Is he working today?
Is Rasul working today?
Where are they going?
Where are those people

Sorry, we’re having dinner. Can you phone again a bit

later?
 MASHQLAR

I. Rasmlarga qarab gaplarni to‘ldiring.

play speak work rain

1. The teacher..............to the children.

2. I t .................heavily.
3. S h e ............. golf.
4. The w om an..............in the office.

II. What’s Kamol doing? savoliga javoblar yozing.

1. (read a book)....Kamol isn [t reading a book.
2. (watch television) ....He's watching
televisio n ..
3. (sit on the armchair) He

4. (play the piano)

5. (talk to a friend)
6 . (stand)..............

III. What's happening at the moment?

0 ‘z vaziyatingizdan kelib chiqib gaplarni yozing.
a. (I / wash / my hair) I'm notwashing my hair .
b. (it/snow) It[s snowing OR It isn't snowing
c. (I / sit / on a ch air)..........................................................
d. (I/eat)...............................................................................

38
e. (I / learn / English).........................................
f. (I / wear / shoes).............................................
g. (the sun / shine)...............................................

3-mavzu. I like/do/work.

I read a lot. He runs very fast. He likes ice cream.

I read/he runs tarzidagi gaplar hozirgi oddiy zamon

{present simple tense) hisoblanadi. Hozirgi oddiy zamon
doimiy, takroriy ish-harakat va holatlami ifodalaydi.
Yasalishi: Hozirgi oddiy zamon fe’lning lug‘atdagi
shaklini (I shakl, infinitiv) egadan keyin qoilash bilan
yasaladi. Ill shaxs birlikda asosiy fe’lga “-s” yoki “-es”
qo‘shimchasini qo‘shiladi:

I/we/you/they read like live watch do have

He/she/it reads likes lives watches does has

Misollar:
• It snows a lot in winter. - Qishda qor ko‘p yog‘adi.
• The Earth goes round the Sun. - Yer quyosh atrofida
aylanadi.

39
“To have” fe’li III shaxs birlikda “has” shaklida tuslanadi:
I have - he/she/it has:
• He has a shower every day. - U har kuni dushda
cho‘miladi.
Ill shaxs birlikda “-s ” va “-es ” qo ‘shilishidagi imloviy
qoidalarni yodda tuting. Quyidagi holatlarda -es
qo ‘shimchasi qo ‘shiladi:
1) -s/-sh/-ch bilan tugagan so ‘zlarga qo ‘shiladi:
pass - passes finish - finishes watch - watches
2 ) -y harfi bilan tugagan so‘zlarga qo‘shilganda у yozuvda
i ga aylanadi - у +es -ies:
study - studies try - tries
3) shuningdek: do - does go - goes

Ish-harakatning vaqtini ko‘rsatish uchun quyidagi payt

ravishlari odatda asosiy fe’ldan avval ishlatiladi:
always - har odoim never - hech qachon, hech ham
often - tez-tez, ko‘pincha sometimes - ba’zan, gohida
usually - odatda
Misollar:
• Soli always arrives at work early. (not ‘Soli arrives
always’) - Soli doim ishga erta keladi.
• I usually go to work b>
‘I go usually’) - Men
odatda ishga mashina-
da boraman, lekin ba’­
zan piyoda boraman.

Inkor (negative) shakli

“don’t / doesn’t + verb”.
• I don’t like washing the car. I don’t do it very often.
Yodda tuting - III shaxs birlikda does not (doesn’t) ishla­
tiladi va asosiy feidagi “-s/-es” qo‘shimchasi tushib qo-

40
 ladi. Boshqa shaxslarda esa do not (don’t) ishlatiladi:
9 My car doesn't use much petrol. (not 'My car don't use')

MASHQLAR

I. Fe’llarni present simple (+ -s or -es) shaklida yozing.

1 (go) she _goes_ 3 (fly) i t ....... 5 (have) s h e .......

2 (work) h e ........ 4 (come) h e ..... 6 (finish) i t ...........

II. Serilgan so‘zlar bilan gapni to‘ldiring:

ask walk think play

1 ж
4
2 %**
P * Ж t
1. He alw ays......... to work.
2. T hey........ football every day.
3. S h e ........ a lot.
4. H e .......her many questions.

III. always/never/often/sometimes/usually qo4zing.

1 . (watch television).....................................................
2. (read in bed) I ...........................................................
3. (get up before 7 о‘clock)........................................
4. (go to work/school by b u s).....................................
5. (drink coffee)............................................................

IV. Gaplarni inkor shaklda yozing.

1. I play football very well.....................
2. They know my phone number...........
3. He has a bath every day.....................

41
 4-mavzu. I have/have got.

Have yoki have got fe’li o‘zbek tilida “bor bo'lmoq,

ega bo'Imoq'''’ ma’nosini aglatadi. (Ba’zan tarjimada tushib
qolishi yoki “-li” qo‘shimchasi tarzida tarjima qilinishi
mumkin) Have va have got bir xil ma’noga ega. Ill shaxs
birlikda hozirgi zamonda has yoki has got shakli
ishlatiladi (I have or I’ve got, he has or he's got):

I I (I’ve got)
we we (we’ve got)
you have OR you have got (you’ve got)
they they (they’ve got)
he he (he’s got)
she has OR she has got (she’s got)
it it (it’s got)
• We have a new computer. (or we’ve
got) - Bizda yangi computer bor.
• I’ve got blue eyes and long hair, (or I
have blue eyes.) - Mening ko‘zlarim
ko‘k. /Men shahlo ko‘zman va uzun
sochliman/sochim uzun.
Inkor, so ‘roq shak.llari va qisqa
javoblar (I haven’t got / have you got?
etc.):
negative
I
we have not
got
you (haven’t)
they

42
 question short answers
I I
we Yes, we have.
have you No, you haven't.
they got? they
he he
Yes, has.
has she she
No, hasn't.
it it

• 'Have you got a phone?' 'No, I haven't.'

- “Telefoning bormi?” “Yo‘q”.
• 'What have you got in your
bag?' 'Nothing. It's empty.'
- “Sumkangda nima bor?”
“Hech narsa. Bo‘sh”.
• I've got a motor-bike but I
haven't got a car. - Mening
motosiklim bor, lekin mashinam yo‘q.
Inkor va so‘roq gaplarda do/does ishlatilishi mimkin (I
don't have /do you have? etc.):
• They don't have a car. - Ulaming mashinasi yo‘q.

0 ‘tgan zamonda had shakli qoilanadi:

• I had a little money. - Bir oz pulim bor edi.
• I hadn’t/didn’t have any money/I had no money.
- (Hech ham) pulim yo‘q edi.
Shuningdek, to have birikmalarda qo‘llanishi mumkin:
• I’ve got a cold and a high temperature. - Men

43
 -

shamollab qoldim va isitmam bor.

I had some difficulty. - Biroz qiynaldim.

MASHQLAR

I. So‘roq gaplar tuzing.

1. (you / an umbrella?)...............
2. (you / a passport?)..................
3. (your father / a car?).............. .
4. (you / any brothers or sisters?)
5. (how much money / w e ?).......

II. Rasmlarga qarab What have they got? What have

you got? savollariga javob yozing.

III. Do you have (a headache / a car etc.)? tarzida

savollar tuzing va boMishli va inkor javoblar yozing.

44
 5-m a v zu . “to be” fe’li o6tgan zamonda

“to be” yordamchi fe’li o‘tgan zamonda (past simple)

ikkita shakli mavjud - was, were. Ulaming ishlatilishiga
e’tibor bering:
am/is (present) ----- ►was (past) birlikda ishlatiladi:
• I am tired, (now) I was tired last night.
• Where is Ali? (now) Where was Ali yesterday?
The weather is good today. The weather was good last
week.
are (present) ----- ► were (past) ko‘plikda ishlatiladi:
• Where are you? (now) Where were you yesterday?
• They aren’t here, (now) They weren’t here last
Sunday.
positive negative question
I I I?
he he was not he?
was was
she she (wasn’t) she?
it it it?
we we we?
were not
you were you were you?
they (weren’t)
they they?
• When I was a child, I was
afraid of dogs. - Bola bo‘lgan
paytimda itlardan qo‘rqardim.
• He was five minutes late for
the lesson. - U darsga besh
daqiqa kech qoldi.
• We were hungry, but we
weren’t tired. - Bizning
qomimiz och edi, lekin charchamagan edik.

45
 MASHQLAR

I. am/is/are yoki was/were dan mosini qo‘ying.

1. Last day she .w as ..in the city, but she ../s.... here now.
2. Now the weather ... nice, but yesterday it .... very cold.
3. I ....... hungry. Can I have something to eat?
4. I feel fine this morning but I ....... very tired last night.
5. W here....... you at 11 о‘clock last Friday mo: ning?
6. Don't buy those shoes. T h ey ........ very expensive.
7. This time last year I ........ in Paris.

II. was/were yoki wasn't/weren't dan mosini qo‘ying.

1. The room ....was., very small and it wasn’t clean.

2. Sardor....... at work last week because h e ...........ill.
3. I t ..... a holiday, so the shops....... closed yesterday.
4. ' ..... Soli and Bilol at the party?' 'Soli ... but Bilol ... .'
5. Y o u ........ at home last night. W here..........you?

III. Qavs ichidagi so‘z!ar va was/were so‘roq gaplar

tuzing.______________________
1. (late / you / this morning / why?) The traffic
Why were you late this morning? ' was bad.
2. (difficult / your exam ?)................. ► No, it was
easy.
3. (last week / where / they?)........... . They were on
holiday.
4. (your new camera / how m uch?)... . Sixty pounds.

5. (angry / you / yesterday / w hy?)... Because you

were late.
6. (nice / the weather / last week?) ... Yes, it was
beautiful.

46
 6 - m a v z u . I did/worked/went

Quyidagi misollami o‘qib,

tushunishga harakat qiling:

I clean my teeth every day.

(present simple)
I cleaned my teeth this
morning, {past simple)
I cleaned is the past simple:

I/we/you/they
cleaned
he/she/it

Past simple tense bu - oddiy o‘tgan zamon. Fe’llar

o‘tgan zamonda tuslanishiga ko‘ra ikki xil bo‘ladi - to‘g‘ri
va noto‘g‘ri tuslanuvchi (regular and irregular verbs).
To‘g‘ri tuslanuvchi fe’llaming (regular verbs) o‘tgan
zamon shakli “-ed” qo‘shimchasi yordamida yasaladi.
Masalan:
w ork—►worked arrive —► arrived
• My father worked in a bank from 1986 to 1993. - Da-
dam 1986-yildan 1993-yilgacha bankda ishlagan.
• Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime.
- Kecha ertalabdan yomg‘ir yog‘di. Choshgohda tindi.
Imloviy qoidalarga e ’tibor bering:
try —► tried study —► studied
stop —► stopped plan —► planned

Noto‘g‘ri tuslanuvchi fe’llaming (irregular) o‘tgan

oddiy zamon shakli o‘ziga xos yo‘llar bilan yasaladi:
|begin —►began ^kll —► fell

47
 break —► broke find —► found
bring brought fly flew
build built forget forgot
buy bought get got
catch caught give gave
come came go went
do did have had
drink drank hear heard
eat ate know knew
leave left sell sold
lose lost sit sat
make made sleep slept
meet met speak spoke
pay paid stand stood
put put take took
read read [red]* tell told
say said win won
see saw write wrote
• talaffuzi
• I usually get up early but this morning I got up at 9.30.
- Men odatda erta turaman, lekin bugun ertalab 9.30 da
turdim.
• We did a lot of work yesterday. - Kecha ko‘p ish qildik.
Inkor va so‘roq shakllari did yordamida yasaladi:
infinitive positive
I played
we started
you watched
they had
he saw
she did
it went

48
 negative question
I play I play?
we start we start?
you watch you watch?
they did not have did they have?
he (didn't) see he see?
she do she do?
it go it go?

do/does {present) —►did {past):

• I didn't watch television yesterday. - Kecha televizor
ko‘rmadim.
• Did she come here last week? - U o‘tgan hafta bu yerga
keldimi?
Odatda did yordamchi fe’lidan keyin asosiy fe’lning I
shakli - infinitiv “to” yuklamasisiz ishlatiladi:
did/didn't + infinitive (watch/play/go etc.)
I watched but I didn’t watch (not 'I didn't watched')

Ago - oldin, ilgari, avval:

• I left school five years ago. - Maktabni besh yil oldin
bitirganman.
• It was a long time ago. - Bunga ancha bo‘lgan/bu ancha
avval boigandi.
• He came in the room
five minutes ago. - U
besh daqiqa avval
xonaga kirdi.

49
 1

MASHQLAR

1. Ushbu fe’llarning past simple shaklini yozing.

1- get 4. p a y ....... 7. g o ....... 10. know ........
2. s e e ....... 5. v isit....... 8 . th in k........ 11. p u t.............
3. p la y ........ 6 . b u y ....... 9. copy.... 12. speak.......

II. Fe’llarni past simple da qo‘llab gaplarni to‘ldiring.

clean enjoy finish happen open
rain start stay want
1. W e ........... our room five times last week.
2. Somebody knocked at the door, so I ......... the door.
3. The lecture...... at 9 30 a n d ...............at 11 o‘clock.
4. When I was a child, I .........................to be a doctor.
5. The accident..................in this comer of the street.
6 . We didn’t go out yesterday because i t ........ all day.
7. W e ....... our holiday last year. W e ............. at a very
nice place.

III. Berilgan so‘zlarni past simple shaklida yozing.

answer get cut make eat

1. He .................a slice of meat.

2 . 1 ....................a bowl of noodles yesterday.
3. She .................the question and .................. a five.
4. The children ........................a snowman last winter.

50
 7 -m a v zu . I was doing

I was doing - o‘tgan davomli zamon (past continuous

tense) o‘tgan zamonda muayyan bir
paytda yoki biror ish-harakat sodir
boiganda davom etib turgan ish-
harakatni ifodalaydi. Quyidagi misol-
ni o‘qib, tushunishga harakat qiling
va to‘q qora harflarda yozilgan
o‘tgan davomli zamon shakllarga
e’tibor bering:
• It was raining, so we didn't go out. - Yomg‘ir yog‘a-
yotgan edi, shuning uchun tashqariga chiqmadik.
Yasalaishi: was/were + V-ing

I I
was not
he doing he doing
was (wasn’t)
she watching she watching
it playing it playing
we running running
we
were not living
you were living you
etc. (weren’t) etc.
they they
question
I
he doing?
was
she watching?
it playing?
we running?
were you living?
they etc.

51
Misollar:
• What were you doing at 11 30 yesterday? Were you
working? - Kecha o‘n bir yarimda nima qilayotgan
edingiz? lshlayotganmidingiz?
• 'What did he say?' 'I don't know, I wasn't listening4.
- “U nima dedi?” “Bilmayman, quloq solmayotgandim?
• In 1985 we were living in Uychi. - 1985-yilda biz
Uychida yashayotgan edik.
• Today she's wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was
wearing trousers. - Bugun u yubka kiyib yuribdi, lekin
kecha shim kiyib yurgan edi.
• I woke up early yesterday. It
was a beautiful morning. The
sun was shining and the
birds were singing. - Kecha
erta-lab erta turdim. Go‘zal
tong edi. Quyosh charaqlab
turar va qushlar sayrar edi.

Imlo qoidalariga e ’tibor bering:

(live —►living / run — running / lie —►lying etc.)

Hozirgi va o‘tgan davomli zamonlami bir-biridan

farqlang:
am/is/are + -ing (present)—* was/were + -ing (past)
• I’m working (now). I was working at 10 30 last night.
• It isn’t raining (now). It wasn't raining when we went
out.
• What are you doing? (now) What were you doing at
three о‘clock?

52
 MASHQLAR

I. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday

afternoon? A nd what were they doing? savollariga
javob bering.

lie take relax stand work walk

5 6
1. She was in the room. She was relaxing on the sofa.
2. S h e ............ in the park. S h e ...................... with her dog.
3. H e ..............in the museum. H e ...................... a photo.
4. T hey ........... at the cinema. T h ey..................... in line.
5. M other....... in the garden. S h e ...........................there.
6 . 1 ......... by the sea. I ................................... in the sun.

II. what / where / why yordamida so‘roq gaplar tuzing.

1. (you/live) Where were you living in 1990? - In Uychi.
2 . (you/do).......................... at 2 o‘clock? - 1 was asleep.
3. (he/go)..................to at 5? - He was going to the shop.
4. (Anvar/drive) ............. so fast? - Because he was in a
hurry.
5. (Soli/wear) ............... a suit yesterday? - No, a T-shirt
and jeans.

53
 8 -m a v zu . I have done

• It's only nine o‘clock and

Aziza has already gone to
bed. - Soat atigi 9 bo‘ldi-ku,
Aziza allaqchon uxlashga
yotibdi.

Hozirgi tugallangan zamon “have/has” va asosiy fe’lning

III shakli, ya’ni o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (sifatdosh II)
yordamida yasaladi:
has cleaned / have gone (have + past participle):
past participle?- о ‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi
h have (’ve) cleaned regular verbs
we
^have not finished ► - to ‘g ‘ri tuslanuvchi
you
(haven’t) started fe ’liar
they >
lost irregular verbs
has ('s) done
he - noto ‘g ‘ri tuslanuvchi
vhas not been
she fe ’liar
(hasn't) gone
it >

"I regular verbs

cleaned? - to ‘g ‘ri tuslanuvchi
have ч we ►
you finished? fe \liar
- they started?
rhe lost? irregular verbs
has J she done? y. - noto ‘g ‘ri tuslanuvchi
Lit been? f e ’llar
gone?

54
 Noto‘g'ri tuslanuvchi fe’llaming o‘tgan zamon
sifatdosh shakllarini ro‘yxatdan yod oling.
Hozirgi tugallangan zamon o‘tgan zamonda boshlanib,
hozirda tugallangan va natijasi m a’lum (o‘zgarmagan) ish-
harakatni ifodalaydi. Present perfect ni past simple bilan
qiyoslang:
• Yesterday, 1 lost my keys. I found them this morning.
- Men kecha kalitlarimni yo‘qotib qo‘ydim. Ulami
ertalab topib oldim.
• I’ve lost my keys. - Men kalitlarimni yo‘qotib qo‘ydim.
• I bought this book last week, but I haven’t read it. - Bu
kitobni o‘tgan hafta sotib oldim, lekin uni o‘qimadim.
• We’ve bought a new house. - Biz yangi uy sotib oldik.
• Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it?
- Mana bu gazetani olsam bo‘ladimi uni tugatdingizmi?

just - hozirgina, endigina, boyagina

• I’ve just had dinner. - Men hozirgina tushlik qildim.

already - allaqachon
• They’ve already arrived. - Ular allqachon kelib
boiishdi.
yet - hali (ham).
“Yet” inkor va so‘roq gaplarda, gap oxirida ishlatiladi.
yet in negative sentences:
• They haven’t arrived yet. - Ular hali kelishmadi.
yet in questions:
• Have they arrived yet? - Ular hali ham kelishmadimi?

Hozirgi tugallangan zamonda “never” va so‘roq

gaplarda “ever” ravishlarini qoilash mumkin.

55
present perfect + ever (in questions) and never:
• 'Has Anvar ever been to America?' 'Yes, once.' - “An­
var hech Amerikada bo‘lganmi?” “Ha, bir marta”.
• My mother has never travelled by air. - Oyim hech
qachon samolyotda uchmagan.
E ’tibor bering:
Have gone to (somewhere) - biror joyga ketgan/ketdi (hali
yetib bormagan boiishi mumkin).
Have been in (somewhere) - biror joyda (hali ham).
Have been to - biror joyga borib kelgan, biror joyda
bo ‘Igan.
Qiyoslang:
• I can't find Sardor. Where has he gone? - Sardomi topa
olmayapman. U qayerga ketdi?
• Oh, hello Sardor! I was looking
for you. Where have you been?
- Iye, salom, Sardor. Seni
qidirayotgandim. Qayerda
eding? / qayerga borib kelding?
How long h ave you
How long ..? - qachondan beri, qachondan buyon,
qanchada, qancha vaqt mobaynida
How long has she been in Andijan? - U qachondan
beri Andijonda?
She has been in Andijan - since Monday.
-
Quyidagi misollami taijima qiling:
• They have been married for five years, (not 'They are
married ....')
• How long have you been married?
• How long have you known her?
• I’ve known her for a long time, (not 'I know her for ...')
• She has lived there all her life.

56
 For Since Ago

for va since predloglari ishlatilishidagi farqqa e’tibor

bering:
for predlogi ish-harakatning qancha vaqt mobaynida
davom etganini ko‘rsatadi va vaqt oralig ‘ini (a period o f
time) ifodalovchi so‘zlar oldidan ishlatiladi. Bunda ish-
harakatning boshlangan vaqti noma’lum bo‘ladi yoki
muhim emas. 0 ‘zbek tiliga “-da, -dan beri, -dan buyon,
mobaynida, davomida, ichida” deyatarjimaqilinadi.
for + a period of time (an hour / three days / two years
etc.)
• I've lived in London for a long time. - Men ancha
vaqtdan beri Londonda yashadim/yashayman.
• He has read this book for two days. - U shu kitobni ikki
kunda/ikki kun ichida o‘qib chiqdi.

since predlogi ish-harakat qachon boshlanganini

ko‘rsatadi, lekin bunda qancha vaqt davom etgani
no‘ma’lum boiadi.
since + the start of the period (Monday / 9 o‘clock etc.)'.
• We've been waiting since 9 o‘clock.
- Biz soat 9 dan buyon kutyapmiz.
• I've lived in London since I was
ten. - Men 10 yoshimdan buyon
Londonda yashayman.

ago - faqat past simple da vaqt

oralig‘ini ifodalovchi so‘zlardan keyin ishlatiladi. “ago”
o‘zbek tiliga “oldin, avval, ilgarr geya tarjima qilinadi.
• Life was very different a hundred years ago. - Yuz
yillar ilgari hayot juda o‘zgacha bo‘lgan.

57
 г

“ago” va “for” ni solishtiring:

• ‘When did Jamila arrive in Namangan?’ ‘She arrived
in Namangan three days ago‘. - “Jamila Namanganga
qachon keldi?” “U Namanganga uch kun oldin keldi.”
• ‘How long has Jamila been in Namangan?’ ‘She has
been in Namangan for three days’. - “Jamila qachondan
beri Namanganda?” “U uch kundan buyon Namangan-
da.”
MASHQLAR

1. Ushbu fe’llarning past participle shaklini yozing.

1 break..... 4 d o ..... 7 fin d ..... 10 know ...
2 drink..... 5 sin g ..... 8 d raw .....
3 c u t..... 6 b u y ..... 9 h e a r.....
II. Qavs ichidagi fe’llar bilan gaplarni to ‘ldiring.
1• H e ......................his car key (lose)
2. All the guests....................(arrive)
3. T olib......................... a goal, (score)
4. B obur..............in the tent several times, (sleep)
5. I t ......... n o t.............for two months, (rain)
6 . The p lan e............. at the airport, (land)
III. Qavs ichidagi fe’llarning mos shaklini belgilang.
1. Malika has (drew/drawn) a picture.
2. I have (known/knew) Soli since we
were in the kindergarden.
3. Have you ever (eaten/ate) grapefruit?
4. We've (drank/drunk) all the milk.
5. The new girl seems nice, but I haven't
(spoke/spoken) to her yet.
6 . The ball has (went/gone) over the
garden fence.
7. Help! I've (fell/fallen) down a hole!
8 . Has he (did/done) his work yet?

58
 9 -m a v z u . is done/was done (passive voice)

0 ‘zbek va ingliz tilida majhul nisbatda (passive voice)

gaplar tuzilishiga ko‘ra bir-biridan farq qiladi. 0 ‘zbek
tilida majhul nisbatda ega bo‘lmaydi va ish-harakatning
bajaruvchisi noma’lum bo‘ladi. Ingliz tilida majhul
nisbatdagi gaplarda ega bo‘ladi, lekin ish-harakatni ega
bajarmaydi, balki ish-harakat eganing ustida bajariladi.
0 ‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilinganda ega tarzida emas, balki
tushum yoki jo ‘nalish kelishigidagi Ж
toidiruvchi sifatida tarjima qilinadi. *
Quyidagi misollardan hozirgi va
o‘tgan oddiy zamonlarda majhul
nisbatning yasalishiga e ’tibor bering:
The office is cleaned every day.
- Ofis(ni) har kuni tozalanadi. f
The office was cleaned yesterday. - Ofis kecha tozalandi.
Aniq va majhul nisbatni qiyoslang:
Somebody cleans the office everyday, (active)

The office J js cleaned everyday. (passive)

Somebody cleaned the office everyday, (active)

The office was cleaned everyday. (passive)

Majhul nisbat “to be” shakllari va o ‘tgan zamon
sifatdoshi (pastparticiple) yordamida yasaladi:
past participle
present done
cleaned
simple am/is/are built
(not) + invented
taken
injured
past simple was/were etc.

59
 To‘g‘ri tuslanuvchi fe’llaming (regular verbs) o ktgan
zamon sifatdoshi shakllari “-ed” qo‘shimchasi yordamida
yasaladi (cleaned/damaged etc.).
Noto‘g ‘ri tuslanuvchi fe’llaming (irregular) o ‘tgan
zamon sifatdoshi shakllari jadvaldan o ‘rganiladi.
• This car is made in
Uzbekistan. - Bu mashina
0 ‘zbekistonda ishlab chiqari-
ladi.
• Butter’s made from milk.
- Sariyog 4 sutdan tayyorlanadi.
• These houses were built 100 years ago. - Bu uylar 100
yillar aw al qurilgan.
was / were born - tug ‘ilgan
• Where were you born? - Qayerda tug‘ilgansiz?
Ish-harakatning bajaruvchisini ko‘rsatish uchun “by”
predlogidan foydalaniladi. 0 ‘zbek tiliga “tomonidan,
-ning, -dan” deya tarjima qilinadi, lekin ba’zan taijima
qilinmasligi ham mumkin.
• The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
- Telefon 1876-yil Aleksandr Bell tomonidan ixtiro
qilingan.
Hozirgi davomli zamonda majhul nisbat am/is/are +
being + past participle shaklida yasaladi:
• Some new houses are being built opposite the park.
- Xiyobon qarshisida bir nechta yangi uylar qurilyapti.
Hozirgi tugallangan zamonda majhul nisbat have/has +
been + past participle shaklida yasaladi:

Qiyoslang - present perfect and past simple:

• The room is clean now. It has been cleaned, (present
perfect)
The room was cleaned yesterday, (past simple)

60
 M ASH Q LAR

I. Qavs ichidagi so‘zlardan hozirgi zamonda majhul

nisbatdagi gaplar tuzing.
1. (the office / clean / every day) The office is cleaned
everyday-
2 . (these rooms / clean / every day?)....................................
3. (glass / make / from sand) G la ss ......................................
4. (this book / not / use / very o ften )...................................
5 . (we / allow / to go there?).................................................
6 . (how / this word / pronounce?)........................................
i

II. Qavs ichidagi so‘zlardan o‘tgan zamonda majhul

nisbatdagi gaplar tuzing.
1. (the office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned
jyesterday.
2. (the house / sell / last year) The house..............................
3 . (when / this bridge / bu ild ?)..............................................
4. (you / ask / at the lesson last w eek ?)...............................

5. (I / not / wake up / by the c a ll)..

III. Gaplardagi xatolarni

tuzating.
1. This palace built 100 years ago.
This palace was b u ilt...............
2. The football match watches all
over the world.............................

3. Why did this table bring h e re ? ..........................

4. A hothouse is a place where vegetables grown.

5. Where are you bom?

61
6 . How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?

7. Oh! Our window broken..................

8 . When was invented the telephone?

1 0 -m a v z u . I used to ...

“used to (do)” modal fe’li o ‘tgan zamonda doimiy,

takroriy sodir bo‘lib turgan,
lekin hozirda bajarilmayot-
gan ish-harakatlami ifoda-
lashda ishlatiladi:
• I used to be very thin
when I was young. - Men
yoshligimda juda ozg‘in
edim.

“used to (do)” modal fe’li barcha shaxslarda

qoilanishi mumkin (I used to work ... / she used to have
... / they used to be ... etc.):___________________
be
work
I/you/we/they 1 used to
he/she/it J have
play etc.
Inkor shakli - 1 didn’t use to ...
• When I was a child I didn’t use to like tomatoes.
- Bolaligimda pomidomi yoqtirmasdim.

So‘roq shakli - did you use to ... ?:

• Where did you use to live before you came here? - Bu
yerga kelmasingizdan aw al qayerda yashardingiz?

62
 “used to ...” faqat o‘tgan zamondagi ish-harakatlar
uchun ishlatiladi. “I use to ...” (present) tarzida hozirgi
zamonda qo‘llash mumkin emas:
• I used to play tennis. These days I play golf. (not ‘I use
to play golf)
• We usually get up early. (not ‘We use to get up early.’)

MASHQLAR

I. Rasmlarga qarab used to... bilan gaplarni yozing.

II. Used to yoki present simple shaklidan foydalanib

gaplarni to‘ldiring.
1. I ...used to g o ...in for karate. I stopped going a few
years ago.
2. ‘Do you do any sport?’ ‘Yes, I .. p la y . .. basketball.
3. We ... a Volga (car) but then we sold it.
4. ‘Do you work at the plant?’ ‘I ... but now I ... at the
shop.’
5. When I was a child, I never ... meat, but I eat it now.

63
6 . He loves listening to music. She ... to it in his free
time.
7. We ... in a small village but we moved to the city a few
years ago.
8 . My granddad prays every day so he ... up very early.
9. What games ... you ... when you were a child?

1 1 -m a v z u . Be / get used to something

Quyidagi misolni tushinishga harakat qiling:

We live near the
railway. It was
diffucult to get used to
the noise o f the trains
at first. But now we
are used to it.

‘I am used to something” —Men biror narsaga о ‘rganib

qolganman /о ‘rganib ketganman /к о nikib qolganman.
• I bought some new shoes. They felt a bit strange at
first because I w asn’t used to them. - Men yangi
tufli sotib olgandim. U aw aliga sal g ‘alati tuyuldi,
chunki men unga o ‘rganmagandim.

‘be/get used” infinitiv (to do/ to drive) bilan

ishlatilmaydi:
►She is used to getting up early, (not She is used to
get up) - U erta turishga o ‘rganib ketgan.
‘I am used to doing” va “I used to do” iboralarini
qo‘llashda yanglishmang:

64
I am used to (doing) something - Men biror narsa (qi-
lishga) о ‘rganib/ко ‘nikib ketganman.
• I am used to the w eather in this country. - Men
bu yurtning ob-havosiga o ‘rganib ketganman.
I used to do something - Men ilgari biror ish qilib
turardim / qilib yurardim / qilardim. Birikma ‘I used
to do‘ tarzida yasaladi (not ‘I am used to d o ‘):
• I used to drive to w ork, but these days I usually
go by bike. - Men aw allari ishga mashinada borar
edim, lekin shu kunlarda odatda velosipedda boraman.

M ASHQLAR

I. Used to yoki be/get used to dan mosini qo‘ing.

1. Last year I didn’t go by bus because I ...........................
(study) at school. But now I study at college and go by
bus everyday.
2. Last year I left school and entered the academic lyceum.
It was difficult and strange for me at first, but I
......................(study) here.
3. I ................. (live) alone but now I’m married and I
have a family.
4. I live alone and it isn’t strange for me. I ......................
(live) alone.

II. I'm (not) used t o .... qo‘llab gaplarni to‘ldiring.

1. ‘You live alone. Is it boring?’ ‘N o,........ I!™..usedJo
Hying, alone*’ .
2 . 1 always sleep on the floor. I ..............................................
3. He has to work long hours in his job. But he doesn't
mind that. H e .......................................................................
4. We usually go to bed early. Last night we went to bed
very late (for us) and as a result I’m very tired this

65
 morning. Because I .............................................................
5. We have just moved into a flat on a busy street. It is
very noisy. We'll h a v e ........................................................
6 . Last month we had a new teacher at school. She was
different from the teacher before her, but we soon

III. Agar siz biron chet davlatga ishlash, o‘qish yoki

uzoq muddat yashashga borsangiz nimalarga
ko‘nikishga to‘g‘ri keladi? What will you have to get
used to? savoliga 6 ta javob yozing.
1.........................................................................................
2 .................................................................................
3
4
5
6

1 2 -m a v z u . I will do {future simple)

I will do - kelasi oddiy zamon {future simple tense)

kelasi zamonda sodir bo‘ladigan ish-harakatlami
ifodalaydi. Yasalishi:
will + infinitive i[will be / will win / will come etc.):
be
I/we/you/they - will (41)
win
he/she/it _ will not (won’t)
come etc.
questions:
be?
I/we/you/they win?
will
he/she/it come?
etc.

66
Qisqartmasi: '11 = will: I'll (I will) / you'll / she'll etc.
won't = will not: I won't (= I will not) etc.

• 'My bag is very heavy.' 'I'll carry it for you.' - “Sumkam

juda og‘ir”. “Men sizga ko‘tari*
yuboraman”.
• Leave the old bread in the
garden. The birds will eat it.
- Eski nonni bog‘da qoldir.
Uni qushlar yeydi.
• Will you be at home this evening? - Bugun kechqurun
uyda boTasizmi?
• I won't be here tomorrow. - Men ertaga bu yerda
boTmayman.
• Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't
sleep. - Yotishdan avval qahva ichma. Uyqung kelmay
qoladi.

Ikkilanish, ishonchsizlikni ifodalaganda “...w ill ...”

ishlatiladi:
• I think he will pass the exam. - Menimcha, u imtihon-
dan o ‘tadi.
• I don't know - maybe it will rain this afternoon. - Bil-
madim-u, kunduzi yomg‘ir yog‘ishi mumkin.

Shall
I shaxsda “shall” ishlatilishi mumkin - I shall (= I will)
and we shall (= we will):
• I shall be late tomorrow, or I will (I'll) be late
tomorrow.
• I think we shall win. or I think we will (we'll) win.

67
 Biror kimga biror yordam taklif qilish yoki nutq
jarayonida bajarishga qaror qilingan ish-harakatlar uchun
kelasi oddiy zamon - I’l l ... (I will) ishlatiladi: *
• 'My bag is very heavy.' 'I’ll carry it for you.' - “Sum-
kam juda og‘ir”. “Men sizga ko‘tarishib yuboraman”.
• 'I'll phone you tomorrow, OK?' 'OK, goodbye.' - “Men
sizga ertaga qo‘ng‘iroq qilaman, xo‘pmi?” “X o‘p,
yaxshi”.

Shall I ...? Shall we ...?

Biror ishni bajarishga boshqalardan maslahat olish,
fikrini bilish yoki izn olish uchun “Shall I ...? Shall we
...?” tarzida so‘roq beriladi:
• I'm going to a party tonight. What shall 1 wear? - Kech-
qurun bazmga boradiganman.
Nima kiysam ekan?
• It's very warm in this room.
Shall I open the window? - Bu
xona juda issiq ekan. Derazani
ochaveraymi?

MASHQLAR

I. Rasmlarga qarab so‘z!ardan mosini tanlab gaplar

tuzing.
watch call take be

1.
68
1. Why is my father late? I ... him.
2. She’s in Paris now. She ... here next month.
3. It’s late. I ... a taxi.
4. I’m bored. I ... TV now.

II. Where will you be? savoliga quyidagi

birikmalardan foydalanib javob bering:
/7 / be ... or I'll probably be ... or I don 7 know where
I'll be.
1. (at 10 o ‘clock tomorrow) I ’ll probably be at the shop.
OR 141 be at work. OR Jdon 7 know where I'll be.
2 . (one hour from n o w )..........................................................
3 . (at midnight to n ig h t)..........................................................
4. (at 3 o‘clock tomorrow afternoon)...................................

5 . (two years from now)..........................................................

III. A va В guruhdagi so‘zlardan foydalanib Shall I ...?

tarzida so‘roq gaplar tuzing.
A turn on eat В some somsas the television
turn off open the window the computer
1. It's very warm in this room.....Shall I open the
window?.................
2. This film is very boring......................................................
3. I'm hungry............................................................................
4 . 1 have something to type.....................................................

69
 13-mavzu. I am going to do something

Hozirgi davomli zamon - am/is/are + -ing (present

continuous) nutq jarayonidan avval rejalashtirilgan va
yaqin kelajakda sodir bo‘lishi aniq bo‘lgan ish-harakatlar
uchun ham ishlatiladi (tomorrow / next week etc.):
• He is playing tennis tomorrow. - U ertaga tennis o ‘yna-
moqchi.
• What are you doing tomorrow evening? - Ertaga kechki
payt nima qilmoqchisiz?

Yuqoridagi misollarda “to be going to do” birikmasini

qo‘llash mumkin (I’m going to do something). 0 ‘zbek
tilida “bo'lmoqchi, b o ‘lay deb turibdi” deya ifodalash
mumkin:
• Sobir is going to sell his car. - Sobir mashinasini
sotmoqchi.
• 'Your hands are dirty.' 'Yes, I know. I’m going to wash
them.’ - “Q o iin g iflos ekan”. “Ha, bilaman. Endi yuv-
moqchi bo‘lib turgandim/yuvaman deb turuvdim”.
Something is going to happen:
“to be going to (do)” birikmasi yaqin kelajakda sodir
bo‘lishi aniqligi hozirgi zamondagi alomatlardan ko‘rinib
turgan ish-harakatlar uchun ham ishlatiladi:
• Look at those black clouds! It’s goii
rain. - Anavi qora bulutlarga qara!
Yomg‘ir yog‘aman deb turibdi.

Biroq doimiy qat’iy tartib, jadval,

grafik yoki dastur asosida sodir
bo‘ladigan ish-harakatlar (poyezd,
samolyot, avtobus vaqtlari va h.)

70
uchun hozirgi oddiy zamon - present simple qoilanadi:
• The train arrives at 7.30 tomorrow. - Poezd ertaga7.30
da keladi.
• What time does the film finish? - Kino qachon tugaydi?

MASHQLAR

I. Rasmlarga qarab be going to ... bilan gaplarni

yozing.

1. (she / wear / her / new dress / to the

p arty )...............................................................
2 . (he / feed / the b ird ).................................
3 . (we / play football)................................... p H H
4. I’m tired. (I / go to b e d )........................... j| j|
4. ШШшШш
II. Kerakli o‘rinlarda be going to birikmasidan
foydalanib gaplarni yozing.
1. (you / go / school?)
2 . (the / trees / b lossom ).......................................................
3. (what / you / do / with / your / car?)................................

4. (what time / they / com e?)...........

5. (when / you / finish / your work?)

71
III. Be going to va ushbu fe’llardan mosini qoilab
gaplarni to‘ldiring.
eat do lie down walk wash watch
1. ‘Your hands are dirty.’ ‘Yes, Г т going to wash
them.
2. We don't want to go home by bus. W e ...........................
3. It’s time for dinner. W e ..............pilav.
4. The doctor has just injected, so I ............for a quarter.
5. There's a programme to learn English on TV. I ....... it.
6 . W h a t....... your s o n ............. when he leaves the
academic lyceum?

1 4 -m a v z u . I had done
Quyidagi misolni o ‘qib, tushunishga harakat qiling:

gone
I/we/they/you (= I'd etc.)
had seen
he/she/it (= he'd etc.)
finished etc.

Past perfect (tugallangan о ‘tgan zamon fe ’li) “had + past

participle (gone / seen / finished etc.)” tarzida yasaladi.
0 ‘tgan zamondagi biror ish-harakat yoki vaqtdan ham
oldin sodir bo‘lgan boshqa bir ish-harakatni ifodalash
uchun had done ishlatiladi:
• At first I thought I'd done the right thing, but
I soon realised that I'd made a big m istake.
- A w alig a men to ‘g ‘ri ish qildim
deb o ‘yladim, lekin katta xato
qilganim ni darrov payqadim.
• When father came we had cooked
the pilav. - Dadam kelganda biz

72
 oshni pishirib bo‘lgandik.

Present perfect (have seen etc.) va past perfect (had seen

etc.) qiyoslang:
W ho is that woman? I’ve I didn't know who she
never seen her before. - was. I'd never seen her
Anavi ayol kim? Men uni before. - Men u kim
avval hech ham ekanini bilmadim. Men
k o ‘rmagan ekanman. uni avval hech ham
k o ‘rmagan ekanman.
We'd been playing tennis for about h alf an hour
when it started to rain heavily. - Y om g‘ir qattiq
y o g ‘a boshlaganda, biz yarim soatdan buyon tennis
o ‘ynayotgan edik.

MASHQLAR

1. Gaplarni past perfect shaklida yozing.

1 .1 phoned Karim yesterday, but he didn’t answer, (he /
leave / the phone / at home) He had left his phone
at home!m.......................
2. Last year we went to our school with our former
classmates, (it / change / a lo t) .........................................
3 . 1 knocked at the door, but nobody opened, (they / go /
out) ....................................................
4. He was late for the meeting last day.
(the meeting / already / b e g in )........

5. Last week we ran across Sardor. (we /

not / see / him for five y ears).............

6 . Yesterday I came home late from

work. My daughter was in her bed.

73
 (she / just / fall / asleep).....................................................

II. Qavs ichidagi fe’llarni past simple yoki past perfect

shaklida yozing.

l.W h en I (come) ......... back home, my family (have)

............dinner.
2 . 1 (d o )....... my homework before I (g o ) ...............to bed.
3. The children (eat) .............dinner by the time their
father (co m e)............. home.
4. Aziza (help) .............her mother last night after she
(fin ish )............. her homework.
5. Bobur (f a ll)............. down after he (th ro w )...............the
football.
6 . The teacher (not start) ....... the lesson until all the
students (b e )....... quiet.
7. I (just / enter) ......... the room when the phone (ring)

1 5 -m a v z u . a/an, the

Birlikdagi sanaladigan otlar oldidan “a” artikli

ishlatiladi. Artikl o ‘zbek tilida yo‘q, shu sababli uni
tarjima qilinmasligi yoki o ‘miga qarab “bir, bitta, biror,
birorta, qaysidir, qandaydir, qanday b o ‘Isa ham” kabi
m a’nolarda tarjima qilinishi mumkin:
• Can I ask a question? - (Bit­
ta) savol so‘rasam bo‘ladimi?
• A man is waiting for you at
the door. - Qandaydir bir
kishi sizni eshik oldida kutib
turibdi.

74
 a/e/f/o/u unlilari bilan boshlangan so‘zlar oldidan “an”
ishlatiladi:
• Do you want an apple? - Olma xohlaysizmi?
Shuningdek, talaffuz qilinmaydigan h harfi bilan boshlan­
gan so‘zlar oldidan an artikli ishlatiladi: an hour
lekin garchi unli harf bilan boshlansa-da, [j] - (y) undoshi
talaffuz qilinadigan so‘zlar oldidan a artikli ishlatiladi:
a university (pronounced yuniversity)
a European country (pronounced yuropean)
Kishilaming kasbini aytganda a/an ishlatiladi:
• I'm a dentist. (not 'I'm dentist.') - Men tish doktoriman.
• Are you a student? - Talabamisiz?
Ingliz tilida otlar sanaladigan yoki sanalmaydigan
(icountable or uncountable) bo‘ladi. Sanaladigan otlar
birlik va ko‘plikda qo‘llanadi:
(a) car (a) man (a) key (a) flower (an) idea
singular: a car my car the car etc.
plural: cars two cars the cars many cars etc.
• I've got a car. - Mening mashinam bor.
• New cars are very expensive. - Yangi mashinalar juda
qimmat.
Birlikdagi sanaladigan otlami yolg‘iz qo‘llash mumkin
emas (car /house/key etc.). Ular a/an artikli bilan
ishlatilishi kerak.
• We can't get in without a key - Biz kalitsiz / kalit
bo‘lmasa ichkariga kira olmaymiz.
Sanalmaydigan otlar: water, air, rice, salt, money,
music, tennis.
Sanalmaydigan otlar faqat bitta shaklga ega:
• I've got some money. - Bir oz pulim bor.
• There isn't much money in the box. - Qutida pul ko‘p
emas.
• Money isn't everything. - Pul barcha narsa emas.

75
 So‘zlovchiga ham, tinglovchiga ham m a’lum shaxs va
narsalar nomlari oldidan the ishlatiladi:
• What is the name of this street? - Bu ko‘chaning nomi
nima?
• Can you tell me the time, please? - Vaqtni (=soatni)
menga aytib yubora olasizmi, iltimos?
• My office is on the first floor. - Mening idoram birinchi
qavatda.

“The” ishlatishni unutmang:

• Do you live in the city centre? - Shahar markazida tura-
sizmi?
• Excuse me, where is the nearest bank? - Kechirasiz,
eng yaqin bank qayerda?
Quyidagi so‘zlar bilan the ishlatishni unutmang:
the sun / the moon / the world / the sky / the sea / the
country;
the police / the fire brigade / the army (of a city, country
etc.);
the top / the end / the middle / the left etc.:
• Write your name at the top of the page. - Ismingizni
sahifaning yuqori qismiga yozing.

MASHQLAR

I. What are these things? savoliga berilgan so‘zlardan

javob toping. Kerakli o‘rinda a yoki an qo‘llang.

apple milk pen ball airplane

watch water umbrella money shoe

76
F

II. Kerakli o4rinlarda a/an qo‘llang.

1. I have ... money. I want to b u y ... icecream.
2. We read ... interesting books in summer.
3. I don't want much to eat - only ... apple and ... bread.
4. Listen to me carefully. I have you ... advice.

III. Kerakli o‘rinlarda a/an yoki the qo'llang.

1. I'm going to open ... window to g e t... fresh air.

2. We enjoyed our party. ... restaurant was very nice.
3. 'I have ... question?' 'OK. What do you want to ask?'
4. A: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to ... city
centre?
B: Yes, go straight on and then take ... next turning left.

77
 1 6 -m a v z u . some, any va no gumon
olmoshlari
some - birorta, ba ’zi, biroz; boiishli gaplarda ishlatiladi:
• I'm going to buy some clothes. - Men bir nechta kiyim
sotib olmoqchiman.
any - birorta, ba ’zi, biroz, hech ham; inkor gaplarda
ishlatiladi:
• I'm not going to buy any clothes. - Men birorta ham
kiyim sotib olmoqchimasman.
any va some olmoshlarining so‘roq gaplarda ishlatilishi:
Ko‘pincha so‘roq gaplarda
any ishlatiladi:
• Has he got any friends?
- Uning hech/birorta o ‘rtoqlari
bormi?
• Do you need any help? - Siz­
ga biror yordam kerakmi?
• (in the shop) Do you like any
phone? - (do ‘konda) Birorta
telefon sizga yoqdimi?

Odatda xushmuomala ohangda biror narsa taklif qilish

mazmunidagi so‘roq gaplarda some ishlatiladi, any emas
(Wouldyou like ... ?):
• Would you like some coffee? - Biroz qahva ketadimi?
Yoki biror narsa so‘rab olish uchun ishlatiladi:
• A: Can I have some soup, please? - Ozgina sho‘rva
olsam maylimi, iltimos?
B: Yes. Help yourself. - Ha. Osh bo‘lsin.
• Can you lend me some money? - Biroz pul qarz bera
olasizmi?
Some va any bilan yasaladigan olmoshlar:

78
r

som ething - biror nima, nimadir, allanima

somebody (or someone) - biror kim, kimdir, allakim
anything - biror narsa, biror nima, hech narsa
anybody (or anyone) - biror kim, birov, hech kim

n ot + any no none
Odatda inkor gap not inkor yuklamasi yordamida
yasaladi va bunday gapda any ishlatiladi. Biroq no
olmoshi yordamida ham inkor gap yasaladi va bu gapda
not yuklamasi ham, any olmoshi ham ishlatilmaydi.
Demak ingliz tilida bitta gapda bitta inkor k o ‘rsatkich
ishlatiladi:
The car park is empty. - Avtostoyanka bo‘sh.
There aren't any cars
in the car park.
There are no cars
- Avtostoyankada birorta /hech ham mashina yo‘q.
How many cars are there in the car park? - Avtostoyanka­
da qancha mashina bor?
None. - Hech qancha.
• I have not any money, or I have no
money. - Mening hech ham pulim yo‘q.j

no va none
no olmoshi mustaqil ishlatilmaydi, ot
bilan ishlatiladi (no money / no children etc.):
• We've got no money. - Bizning pulimiz yo‘q.
• Everything was OK. There were no problems. - Ham-
masi yaxshi edi. Hech qanday muammo yo‘q edi.

none olmoshi mustaqil ishlatiladi, ot bilan ishlatilmaydi:

• 'How much money have you got?' 'None.' (= no money)
- “Qancha puling bor?” “Hech qancha”.
• 'Were there any problems?' 'No, none.' (= no problems)

79
 - “Biror muammo bo‘ldimi?” “Yo‘q, hech ham”.
Yod oling:
not + anybody/anyone - hech kim
nobody /no-one - hech kim
not + anything - hech narsa
nothing - hech narsa

MASHQLAR

I. some yoki any qo‘yib gaplarni to‘ldiring.

1. I had ... some ... money but I didn't buy any bread.
2. This is difficult work. I need ... help.
3. There a re n 't... pupils in the room.
4. We haven't g o t... car.
5. Have you g o t... brothers or sisters?
6 . Can you tell ... rules on English grammar?
7. Don't buy ... rice. We don't need . . . .
8 . I went out to buy ... milk but they didn't have ... in the
shop.

II. some yoki any va mos so‘z bilan gaplarni to‘ldiring.

soup milk food sand

Ё] ^

J lii,
1. If you’re hungry, there’s ....... in the fridge.
2. I’m hungry. I’m going to eat ....
3. Oh, there’s .............. in my shoe.
4. Did you give the d o g .................... to eat?

80
г
III. по yoki any qo‘yib gaplarni to‘ldiring.

1. T h ere's............. water in my bucket.

2. There is n 't........ sugar in my coffee.
3. He doesn't k n o w ..........foreign languages.
4. I'm afraid there's ...coffee. Would you like some tea?
5. 'Look at those birds!' 'Birds? Where? I can't see ...
birds.'

1 7 -m a v z u . a lot (of) much many (a) little

(a) few

Garchi a lot, much va many o ‘zbek tiliga “k o ‘p ” deya

tarjima qilinsa-da, ishlatilishida
bir-biridan farq qiladi:
Much sanalmaydigan otlar
bilan so‘roq va inkor gaplarda
ishlatiladi
• Did you buy much food?
- Ko‘p ovqat sotib oldingmi?

Many ko‘plikdagi sanaladigan

otlar bilan ishlatiladi
• Did you buy many books? - K o‘p kitob sotib
oldingmi?

a lot of barcha otlar bilan ishlatilishi mumkin

• We bought a lot of food. - Biz ko‘p oziq-ovqat sotib
oldik.
• We bought a lot of books. - Biz ko‘p kitob sotib oldik.
• There’s not much / a lot of milk in the glass. - Sta-
kanda sut ko‘p emas.

81
lekin
• 'Do you drink much coffee?' 'Yes, a lot.' (not 'much')
- “Ko‘p qahva ichasizmi?” “Ha, ko‘p”.
(a) little (a) few
(a) little - oz, sanalmaydigan otlar bilan qo‘llanadi:
• She drank a little water. - U ozgina suv ichdi.
• ‘Can you speak Spanish?’ ‘A little’. - “Ispancha gapla-
sha olasizmi?” “Biroz.”
(a) few - oz, ko‘plikdagi sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlatila­
di:
• We're going away for a few days. - Biz bir necha / uch-
to ‘rt kunga safarga ketyapmiz.

MASHQLAR

I. Usbu otlar oldidan much yoki many qo‘llang.

1 ... rice 6 11 ... flowers
? ... sand 7. ... ... bread 1? ... water
3 ... coffee 8 И .... ideas
4 ... news 9. ... ... apples 14 .... advice
5 ... furniture 10 .... children IS .... justice

II. many, much, a lot yoki a lot o f dan mosini qo‘ying.

Do you drink a lot of/m u ch water?

I like musiCiJ/vegot a lot of/m an y CD's.
1. It didn't ta k e ....... time to do this.
2. H o w ........words do you know?
3. T here's........rice in the sack.
4. He v isite d ..........countries when he went on holiday.
5. H o w .......... interesting stories did you read?
6 . He didn't see ..........cities, but he saw ........... friends.
7. Do you e a t ..........cheese? Y e s ,.............

82
III. a little yoki a few + ushbu so‘zlardan birini qo‘ying.

days Russian air chairs friends milk times

1. Can I h a v e ....................in my coffee, please?
2. ’When did your father com e?'' ....................ago.'
3 . 'Do you speak any foreign languages?' 'I can speak

4. I'm going to the mountain w ith ................... '

5. ’Have you ever met the president?' 'Y e s ,.....................'
6. We don't need much furniture - just a table a n d .........
7. Open the window! He feels bad, he n e e d s.........fresh

18-mavzu. May va might modal f e ’li

Ishlatilishi - might + infinitive (might go / might be /

might rain etc.):
“Might” modal fe’li biror ish-harakat sodir bo‘lishi
mumkinligi, ehtimoli borligini ifodalaydi - 1 m igh t...:
• Take an umbrella with you. It might rain. - 0 ‘zing bilan
soyabon olvol. Yomg‘ir yog‘ishi mumkin.
• 'Are you going out tonight?' 'I might.' (= I might go out)
- “Kechqurun ko‘chaga chiqasanmi?” “Chiqishim mum­
kin”.
Inkor shakli - might not:
• I might not go to work tomorrow. - Ertaga ishga
chiqmasligim mumkin.
may
“may” modal fe’li “m ight”ga sinonim hisoblanadi:
• I may go to the cinema this evening. (= I might go)
• Soli may not come to the party. (= Soli might not come)

83
 May I ...? = Can I...? - ...maylimi /
mumkinmi /bo ‘ladimi?:
• 'May I sit here?' 'Yes, of course.'
- “Shu yerga o ‘tirsam bo‘ladi-
mi?” “Ha, albatta”.
• May I ask a question? (=
Can I ask?) - Savol so‘rasam
maylimi /mumkinmi?

MASHQLAR

I. Rasmga qarab may va so‘zlardan mosini tanlab

gaplar tuzing.
wake up be rain eat

1 . 1 think i t ..... the picture in your childhood.

2. Y o u ..........pizza, if you are hungry.
3. Don’t speak loudly. Y o u ...........the baby.
4. There’re clouds in the sky. I t ..........today.

84
II. Gaplarni might modal fe’li bilan qayta yozing.
1. (it's possible that I'll call you later) I m ight.callyoи
later-.......... .
2 . (it’s possible that they'll come tomorrow)

3 . (it's possible that it will snow today)

4 . (it's possible that I'll be late tonight)

Ushbu gaplarni might not bilan yozing.

5 . (it's possible that she will not cook)

6 . (it's possible that I won't have time to do this)

III. Ehtimoliy rejalaringizni I might bilan ifodalang.

fish Italy Monday new car taxi

1. ‘Where are you going to study?’ ‘I'm not sure. I might
go to Italy.’
2. ‘When will you come again?’ ‘I'm not sure..................

3. ‘What are you going to have for dinner?’ ‘I don't know.

4. ‘How are you going to get home tonight?’ i'm not sure.

5. ‘I heard you sold your car. What are you going to do

with the money?’ ‘I haven't decided yet.

85
 19-mavzu. Can va could m odalfe’llari
Can - biror ish qila olmoq, qo ‘lidan kelmoq, biror ish
qilishni bilmoq, eplamoq, uddalamoq.
can + infinitive (can do / can play / can come etc.) barcha
shaxslarda ishlatiladi:
• I can play the piano. My brother can play the piano too.
- Men pianino chalishni bilaman. Ukam ham pianino
chala oladi.
0 ‘tgan zamonda “could/couldn’t” ishlatiladi:
• My granddad could walk without a stick. - Mening
bobom hassasiz yura olardi.
• I was tired last night but I couldn't
sleep. - 0 ‘tgan tun charchagandim-u,
uxlay olmadim.
“Can you ...? / Could you ...?” kishi-
lardan biror ish qilishini xushmuomala-
lik bilan so‘rash, iltimos qilish uchun
ishlatiladi:
• Can you wait a moment, please? or
Could you w a it...? - Bir daqiqa kuta olasizmi, iltimos?
Biror narsani so‘rab olish uchun “Can I have ...? yoki
Could I have ... ?” deya so‘raladi:
• (in a shop) Can I have these postcards, please? or
Could I have ...? - (d o ‘konda) Manavi otkritkalami
olsam maylimi, iltimos?

Can I ...? or Could I ...? — biror ish qilsam maylimi

/mumkinmi /bo ‘ladimi?:
• (on the phone) Hello, can I speak to Rauf, please? or
... could I speak ...? - (telefonda) Alio, R auf bilan
gaplashsam bo‘ladimi, iltimos?

86
 M ASHQLAR

i can modal fe’li bilan gaplarni yozing:

1. ___ 2.
1. (you / play / chess / very well)

2 . (you / swim / w e ll? )...............

3 . (sorry / 1 / speak / to Akmal?)

4 . (my brother / draw / pictures / very well)

II. Gaplarni caw, caw rt yoki couldn ’t va ushbu

fe’llardan biri bilan to‘ldiring:
come find hear find see
sleep speak run walk decide
1. I'm sorry but I can[t come .... to the meeting.
2. Our house is very nice. Y o u ........ the mountains from
the window.
3. You are speaking very quietly. I ........................... you.
4. Could you tell me where Komil is? I ...................him.
5. Aziza studied at the university very well, s h e .........
five languages.
6 . I was tired but I .........................
7. Yesterday I looked for my phone but I .........................
8 . I’m very tired, I .......................... any more.
9. Aziza doesn't know what to do. S h e ....................
10. He hurt his foot. H e ..................

87
 20-mavzu. Must va needn’t m odalfe’llari

must + infinitive (must do / must see etc.):

“must” modal fe’li zaruriyat, majburiyat, o ‘z taxmini
yoki fikrini bildirish va maslahat berish m a’nolarida
ishlatiladi. 0 ‘zbek tiliga ‘'kerak, shart, to ‘g ‘ri keladi”
deya tarjima qilinadi:
• We must go to the bank today. - Biz bugun bankka
borishimiz kerak /borishimizga to ‘g‘ri keladi.

0 ‘tgan zamonda “had to ...” (must emas) shakli

ishlatiladi:
• We had to go to the bank yesterday. (not 'We must go ...
yesterday') - Kecha bankka borishimizga to ‘g ‘ri keldi.

mustn’t (= must not) - ta ’qiqlash, biror ish qilmaslik

kerakligi, biror ishni qilish noto‘g ‘ri ekanini ifodalaydi:
• You mustn't touch the pictures. - Rasmlarga tegishing
mumkinmas.
• I must hurry. I mustn't g 1
be late. - Shoshilishim fl * >1
kerak. Kech ■ & |И|
qolmasligim kerak/kech Я
qolishim mumkinmas. 'Ш
л
\
needn’t (= need not) - biror ish qilish shart emas, hoja-
ti yo ‘q:
• I needn't clean the windows. They aren't very dirty.
- Derazalami tozalashim shartmas. Ular juda iflos emas.
Shuningdek, “don’t need to ...” tarzida ham ishlatilishi
mumkin:
• I don't need to clean the windows.

88
 Qiyoslang - needn’t and mustn’t:
• You needn’t go. - Ketishingizga hojat yo‘q.
• You mustn’t go. - Ketmasligingiz kerak/ketishingiz
mumkinmas.
MASHQLAR

I. Rasmlarga qarab must yoki have to yordamida

gaplar tuzing.

2 .
1. (you / not smoke / h e re )...................
2. This is a good book, (you / read / it)

3. (I / take / this medicine / twice a day)

4. My eyesight isn’t good. (I / wear /

glasses) ............................................

II. must va ushbu fe’Ilardan birini qo‘llang:

be go go learn meet wash

1. We must go to school today. Today is Monday.
2. She is a very interesting person. Y o u ......................her.
3. My hands are dirty. I ................. them.
4. Y o u .................. English. It will be very useful.
5. I .................... to the doctor. I have got a high
temperature.
6 . Y o u .................. on time if you want to work here.

89
III. mustn't yoki needn't va mos fe’lni qo‘llang:
clean forget hurry lose wait

1. The room isn't very dirty. You needn ’t clean it.

2. We have a lot o f time. W e ...........................
3. It is a very important document. Y o u .........................it.
4. Y o u .......................... for me. You can go now and I'll
come later.
5. W e .......................to turn off the lights before we leave.

21-mavzu. Should modal f e ’li

“Should” modal fe’li maslahat berish, o ‘z flkrini

bildirish, biror ishni qilsa yaxshi boiishini ifodalashda
ishlatiladi. 0 ‘zbek tilida “kerak, yaxshi b o ‘lardi”
m a’nolarini anglatadi.
should + infinitive (should do/should watch etc.):
• You should go to bed earlier. You
go to bed very late and you’re
always tired. - Sen ertaroq
yotsang yaxshi bo‘lardi. Doim
juda kech yotasan va nuqul
charchab yurasan.
• You watch TV all the time. You shouldn't watch TV so
much. - Tinmay televizor ko‘rasan. Televizomi buncha-
lik ko‘p ko‘rmasang yaxshi bo‘lardi.
• When you play tennis, you should always watch the
ball. - Tennis o ‘ynaganingda doimo koptokni kuzatib
turishing kerak.

Xushmuomala uchun - 1 think ... should ... ishlatiladi:

• I think Kamol should buy some new clothes. - Menim-
cha, Kamol yangi kiyim sotib olsa yaxshi b o ‘lardi.

90
• It's late. I think I should go home now. - Kech bo‘ldi.
Menimcha, endi uyga ketishim kerak.
• I don’t think you should work so hard. - Menimcha,
bunchalik qattiq ishlamasligingiz kerak/ishlamasangiz
yaxshi bo‘lardi.
• Do you think I should buy this hat? - Sizningcha, bu
shlyapani sotib olsam yaxshi bo‘ladimi?

Bo‘lishli gaplarda “should” o ‘mida “ought to” ishlatish

mumkin:
• I think Kamol ought to buy some new clothes. (=Kamol
should)
Kutilgan biror ish b o ‘lishida yoki bo‘lishi kerakligida
ishlatiladi:
• My son has studied hard, so he should pass the exam.
• W here’s he? He should be here by now.

M ASHQLAR
I. should yoki shouldn't bilan gaplarni to‘ldiring.

1. Look at these mistakes! You ... play so much, you ....

read.
2. If your tooth is still hurting you tomorrow, y o u .........go
to the dentist's.
3. Komila .........keep her things in another place. It’s not
safe here.
4. Before going to Tashkent, y o u ....... visit your
grandparents.
5. Y o u ..... always knock on the door before entering. This
is a private office.
6 . Pregnant women .... smoke as it can damage the baby.

91
II. You should + ushbu so‘zlardan biri bilan gaplarni
to‘ldiring.
clean go take visit watch wear

1. When you play tennis, ...you should watch the ball.

2. You look pale and have a temperature.......................to
the doctor.
3.............................. your teeth twice a day.
4. If you have tim e ,.......................your grandfather more
often.
5. I th in k .................. a red dress to the party.
6 . The weather is cloudy........................an umbrella.

III. Gaplarni Do you think I should... ? tarzida yozing.

1. You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket, (buy?)

You ask your friend: Do you think I should buy this
jacket? .
2. You can't drive, (learn?) You ask your friend: Do you
th in k ......................................................................................
3. You are going to a wedding, (wear this shirt?) You ask
your frien d :........................................................................
4. You are going to enter university, (learn English?) You
a s k :..................................... !.................................

92
 22-mavzu. Sifat (adjective)
0 ‘zbek tilidagi kabi ingliz tilida ham sifat otdan oldin
ishlatiladi:
________ adjective + noun (nice day / blue eyes etc.)
adjective + noun
It's a nice day today.
There's a very old bridge in this village.
I don't speak any foreign languages.
There are some beautiful yellow flowers in the garden.

Ot ko‘plikda kelsa ham sifat o ‘zgarmaydi:

a different place different places (not 'differents')

Quyidagi ko‘makchi fe’llar bilan odatda sifat qo‘llanadi:

be (am/is/was etc.) + adjective

• These flowers are very beautiful.
- Manavi gullar juda chiroyli ekan.
• The weather is nice today. - Bu-
gun ob-havo yaxshi.
• The film wasn’t very good. It
was boring. - Kino juda yaxshimas
ekan. Zerikarli ekan.
• Please be quiet. I'm reading. - Il­
timos, tinchlaning. Men o ‘qiyapman.

look/feel/smell/taste/sound + adjective
• Don't cook that meat. It doesn't smell good. - Anavi
go‘shtni pishirmang. Hidi yaxshimas.
• 'You look tired.' 'Yes, I feel tired.' - “Charchagan
ko‘rinasiz”. “Ha, charchadim”.

93
 M A SH Q L A R

I. Qarama-qarshi ma’noli sifatlarni toping.

black dark dry hot rainy
clever deep empty positive right
1. c o ld ...... 6 . sunny ..........
2 . le f t........ 7. w e t.............
3. lig h t...... 8 . white............
4. crowded 9. foolish, silly
5. shallow . 10 . negative ...

II. So4zlarni to‘g‘ri tartibda yozing.

1. (old / drive / his / car / he) He drives his old car.
2. (live in / high I I I that / house) I ....................................
3. (films / see / do / Korean / you?) D o ........................... ?
4. (read / interesting / a / 1 / book) ......................................
5. (went to / restaurant / a / new / we) ...............................

III. Quyidagi sifatlar (black/foreign etc.) va otlardan

(air/job etc.) foydalanib gaplarni to‘ldiring.
air dangerous holiday knife sharp
black foreign hot languages water
clouds fresh job long

1. Do you speak any .foreign /angaa^cs ?

2. Look at th o s e ...................................It's going to rain.
3. She works very hard and she's very tired. She needs a

4. I want to have a bath but there's n o .....................

5. Can you open the window? We need s o m e .......
6. I need a ............................... to cut these onions.
7. Fire-fighting is a ...................................

94
 2 3 -m a v z u . Ravishlar (adverbs)

Ravishlar ish-harakat va holatning belgisini ifodalaydi.

Gapda kesim bilan bogianib keladi, ko‘pincha ravish
sifatga “-ly” qo‘shimchasini qo^shish bilan yasaladi:_____
adjective + -ly — ►adverb:
adjective quick sudden careful heavy easy
adverb quickly suddenly carefully heavily easily
• Please speak a bit slowly. - Iltimos, sal sekin gapiring.
• Please listen carefully. - Iltimos, diqqat bilan eshiting-
lar.
• I understand you perfectly. - Men sizni tamomila tu-
shundim.
• Suddenly the shelf fell down. - Javon birdan tushib ket-
di.
Qiyoslang:
adjective adverb
• I feel nervous. (= I am • I waited nervously. - Men
nervous) - Asabiylashib asabiy kutdim.
ket-yapman.
Quyidagi so‘zlar ham sifat, ham ravish hisoblanadi:
hard fast late early
• Soli's job is very hard. • Soli works very hard.
- Solining ishi juda og‘ir. - Soli juda qattiq ishlaydi.

Yaxshi so‘zi ingliz tiliga ikki xil taijima qilinadi:

good (adjective) — ►well (adverb)
• Your English is very • You speak English very
good. - Ingliz tilingiz well, (inot 'very good’) - Siz
juda yaxshi ekan. ingliz tilida juda yaxshi
gapirar ekansiz.

95
 Shuningdek, well so‘zi s o g iig ‘ini, ahvolini ifodalaganda
sifat hisoblanadi:
• 'How are you?' 'I'm very well, thank you. And you?'
- “Qalaysiz?” “Juda yaxshiman. 0 ‘zingiz-chi?”

M ASHQ LA R

I. Gaplarni namunadek qayta yozing.

1. I'm late, (never) Vm never late. .

2. They go out in the week, (seldom) ..They seldom go
/#jSis.yy.f.f.H:
3. We don't come here, (o ften )..............................................
4 . 1 have breakfast at 7. (alw ays)............................................
5. Sarvar gets up early, (usually)............................................
6 . He isn't late, (alw ays)..........................................................
7. Do you go to the cinema on Fridays? (always)

8 . Do you feel sad? (som etim es)...........................................

9. They have a quarrel, (never)..............................................
10. He eats meat, (hardly e v e r)..............................................

11. Qay biri to‘g‘ri? Noto‘g‘ri so‘zni chizing.

1. Y ou’re speaking so qwek/quickly. I can’t understand
you.
2. Why are you angry/angrily? I haven't done anything.
3. Can you drive slow/slowlv. please?
4. You are a bit slow/slowly.
5. He is a very careful/carefully driver.
6 . She is studying hard/hardlv for her examinations.
7. She cried sudden/suddenly.
8 . Please be quiet/quietlv. The baby is sleeping.
9. Y ou’re working very badbadlv.

96
 2 4 -m a v z u . Sifat darajalari

Ingliz tilida sifat va ravishning 3 xil darajalari bor:

oddiy (simple), qiyosiy (comparative) va orttirma
(superlative degrees).
Qiyosiy daraja (comparative degree) bir (ba’zan ikki)
bo‘g‘inli sifatlarda -er qo‘shimchasi (older), ikki va undan
ko‘p bo‘g‘inli sifatlarda more ... yordamida (more
expensive) yasaladi.
-er qo‘shimchasi qo‘shishdagi imlo qoidalariga ahami-
yat bering:

Qisqa bo‘g ‘inli so‘zlar (1 bo‘g ‘inli.) —►-er:

b ig —►bigger slow —► slower o ld —► older
thin —►thinner late —►later nice —►nicer
hot —►hotter cheap —►cheaper
oxiri -y bilan tugagan so‘zlar—►-ier:
easy—►easier heavy—► heavier early —► earlier

• Is it cheaper to go by car or by train?

- Mashinada borish arzonroqmi
yoki poezdda?
• Your coat is OK but I think mine is
nicer. - Sening kurtkang yaxshi, lekir
menimcha, meniki yaxshiroq.
• Don't write an sms. It's easier to
phone. - Sms yozma. Telefon qilish osonroq.

Yodda tuting - far - uzoq —►further - uzoqroq:

• 'How far is it to the station? A mile?' 'No, it's further.
About two miles.' - “Bekatgacha qancha? Bir mil chiqa-
dimi?” “Y o‘q, uzoqroq. Taxminan ikki milcha”.

97
 m ore...
careful —►more careful
polite —►more polite
expensive —►more expensive
interesting — ►more interesting
• You must be more careful. - Ehtiyotkorroq boiishing
kerak.
• Is it more expensive to go by car or by train? - Mashi-
nada borish qimmatroqmi yoki poezdda?
good/well —►better bad / badly —►worse
• The weather wasn't very good yesterday but it's better
today. - Kecha ob-havo uncha yaxshimas edi, lekin
bugun yaxshiroq.
• 'Do you feel better today?' ТЧо, I feel worse.' - “Bugun
mazangiz yaxshiroqmi?” “Y o‘q, yomonroq”.

Qiyosiy darajada ikki jismni qiyoslaganda than (-dan

(ko‘ra), -ga nisbatan, -ga qaraganda) bog‘lovchisidan
foydalaniladi:
• She's taller than him. - U (ayol) u (kishi)dan novcha-
roq.
• It's easier to phone than to write an sms. - Xat yozgan-
dan ko‘ra telefon qilgan osonroq.
more/less than...
• ‘How much did your shoes cost? £30?’ ‘No, more than
that. - “Tufling qancha turadi? 30 funtmi?” “Y o‘q, un-
dan qimmatroq.”
• The film was very short - less than an hour. - Kino juda
qisqa ekan - bir soatdan ozroq.

Ikki jism belgilarining bir-biridan qay darajada ortiq yoki

kamligini ifodalashda a bit - sal, much - ancha so‘zlari-

98
dan foydalaniladi:
a bit older / much older etc.

• Nexia is a bit bigger than Matiz. -N eksiya matizdan sal

kattaroq.
• Captiva is much bigger than Matiz. - Kaptiva matizdan
ancha katta(roq).
not as ... as
Ikki jism belgilarining bir xil yoki bir xil emasligini
ifodalash uchun “(not) as ... as” - -dek, -day, -chalik,
kabi, singari bog‘lovchisidan foydalaniladi:
• Nexiya is not as big as Captiva. - Neksiya kaptivadek
katta emas.
• My coat is as black as yours. - Mening kurtkam senik-
daqa qora.
the same as ... -xuddi ... -dek; bilan bir xil:
• The weather today is the same as yesterday. - Bugungi
ob-havo xuddi kechagidek.
• My coat is the same colour as yours. - Kurtkam sizniki
bilan bir xil rangda.
• I arrived at the same time as Tolib. - Men Tolib bilan
bir (xil) paytda keldim.
Orttirma daraja (Superlative degree)
Orttirma darajadagi sifatlar oldidan odatda the artikli
ishlatiladi va qisqa b o ‘g‘inli sifatlarga -est qo‘shimchasini
qo‘shish bilan (oldest), ko‘p bo‘g‘inli sifatlar oldidan
most ... ishlatish bilan (most expensive) yasaladi.
Quyidagi orttirma daraja yasalishiga ahamiyat bering:
Qisqa b o ‘g'inli sifatlar (old/nice e tc .)—► the -est:
old —►the oldest cheap — ►the cheapest
but good —►the best bad —►the worst

99
 big —►the biggest hot —►the hottest
Oxiri -y bilan tugagan sifatlar (easy/heavy etc.) —►the
...-iest:
easy —►the easiest heavy —► the heaviest
Ко ‘p bo ‘g ‘inli so ‘zlar (careful/expensive etc.) —► the
m o st...
careful —►the most careful
interesting —►the most interesting

• The school is very old. It's the oldest building in the

town. - Maktab juda eski. U shahardagi eng eski bino.
• What is the longest river in the world? - Dunyodagi eng
uzun daryo qaysi?
• Money is important but it isn't the
most important thing in life. - Pul
kerak, lekin u hayotdagi eng kerak
narsa emas.
• Excuse me, where is the nearest
bank? - Kechirasiz, eng yaqin bank
qayerda?
• This book is the most interesting
I’ve ever read. - Bu kitob men shu paytgacha
o ‘qiganlarim ichida eng qiziqarlisi.

100
 M ASH Q LAR

I. Ushbu sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasini yozing.

1. old ...older...................... 5. im portant..........
2. stro n g ............................. 6 . good....................
3. h a p p y ............................. 7. la rg e ..................
4. m o d e m .......................... 8 . serious..............

II. Qarama-qarshi ma’noli sifatlarni yozing.

1. younger......o ld er....... 4. b e tte r................
2. c o ld e r.......................... 5. n e arer...............
3 . ch eap er....................... 6 . e a sie r...............

III. Sifat va ravishlarning qiyosiy darajasini yozing.

t
1. А Л 2 __ I_______ _________ 3.
1 . She i s ....... (tall / short) than her sister.
2. Ali ru n s .........(fast / slowly) than Ahmad.

Sifatlarning orttirma darajasini yozing.

4.
3 . Sanjar is m y ......................(close) friend.
4 . Pushkin w a s .......................(talented) of Russian poets.
5. This i s ................................(necessary) thing for me.
6 . I think it i s ......................(easy) exercise in the book.

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 25-mavzu. I/me/my/mine
Kishilik olmoshlari —Personal pronouns:
I - Men me - meni, menga
He - U (o g 41 bola) him - uni, unga
She - U (qiz bola) her - uni, unga
It - U (hayvon vajonsiz n.) it - uni, unga
We - Biz us - bizni, bizga
You - Siz/ sen you - sizni, sizga / seni,
senga
They - Ular them - ulami, ularga

Egalik olmoshlari - Possessive pronouns:

my - mening mine - meniki
his - uning his - uniki
her - uning hers - uniki
its - uning its - uniki
our - bizning ours - bizniki
your - sizning / sening yours - sizniki / seniki
their - ulaming theirs - ulamiki

Endi quyidagi misollardan olmoshlaming ishlatilishini

o ‘rganing:
I know Ali. - Men Alini bilaman.
He knows Ali. - U Alini biladi.
She knows Ali. - U Alini taniydi.
It is a dog. - U it.
We know Ali. - Biz Alini bilamiz.
You know Ali. - Siz Alini bilasiz.
They know Ali. - Ular Alini biladilar.

Ali knows me. - Ali meni biladi.

Ali knows him. - Ali uni biladi.

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Ali knows her. - Ali uni biladi.
Ali knows it. - Ali uni biladi.
Ali knows us. - Ali bizni biladi.
Ali knows you. - Ali sizni biladi.
Ali knows them. - Ali ulami biladi.

It’s my car. - Bu mening mashinam.

It’s his car. - Bu uning mashinasi.
It’s her car. - Bu uning mashinasi.
It’s its dish. - Bu uning idishi.
It’s our car. - Bu bizning mashinamiz.
It’s your car. - Bu sizning mashinangiz.
It’s their car. - Bu ulaming mashinasi.

It’s mine. - U meniki.

It’s his. - U uniki.
It’s hers. - U uniki.
It’s its. - U uniki.
It’s ours. - U bizniki.
It’s yours. - U sizniki.
It’s theirs. - U ulamiki.

M ASHQLAR

103
II. Gaplarni namunada ko‘rsatilganidek to‘ldiring.
1. They asked her.... to have dinner with them at their
house.
2. She asked them to have dinner w ith .................................
............................................................house.
3. We asked you to have dinner w ith ....................................
............................................................house.
4. I asked h e r .........................................................................
5. He asked u s ........................................................................
6 . Did you ask h im .............................................................. ?

III. Gaplarni namunada ko‘rsatilganidek to‘ldiring.

1. I gave h im ....... m y phone number and he gave me his.
2. I gave h e r ....... phone number and she gave m e ..........
3. He gave m e ..........phone number and I gave h im .........
4. We gave th e m ..... phone number and they gave u s .......
5. She gave h im ....... phone number and he gave h e r ........
6 . You gave u s ....... phone number and we gave y o u ........
7. They gave y o u ....... phone number and you gave them

IV. N uqtalar o‘rniga him/her/yours etc. qo‘ying.

1. W here’s Nasiba? Have you phoned „„ her ?
2. Where are my sons? Have you s e e n ............. ?
3. Ali have asked for this book on the phone. Can you
give it t o ..... ?
4. We told Jasur about it but he didn't b e lie v e ..............
words.
5. 'My car is being repaired. Can I u s e ..........?' 'Yes, o f
course.'
6 . We'd like you to stay w ith ..............
7. My mother is a teacher. She lo v e s .........job?
8 . The boys took o f f ..........clothes and swam in the river.
9. Last night I went out for a meal with a friend o f ...........

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 26-m avzu. Maxsus so‘roq gaplar
Maxsus so‘roq gaplar (special questions) gapning
aynan bir bo‘lagiga savol berish uchun so‘roq olmoshlari
yordamida yasaladi. So‘roq olmoshlari doimo so‘roq gap
boshida keladi. Misollar:
Who? - kim? kimni? kimga?
• Who switched off the television? - Televizomi kim
o ‘chirdi?
• Who did you see at the party? - Bazmda kimni
ko‘rding?
Whose? - kimning? (nimaning) / kimniki (nimaniki)
• Whose pen is this? - Bu kimning ruchkasi?
• Whose is this pen? - Bu ruchka kimniki?
What? - I) nima? 2) qanday; qaysi? 3) nechanchi? 4)
(kasb) kim?
• W hat’s that? - U nima?
• What colour is your car? - Mashinangizning rangi
qanday?
• What room are you in? - Siz nechanchi xonadasiz?
• What are you? - Siz kimsiz? / Kasbingiz nima?
Which? - qaysi?
• Which book is yours? - Qaysi kitob seniki?
Where? - qayer(gafda) ? qani?
• Where did you go on holiday? —T a’tilda qayerga bor-
dinglar?
• Where is he? - U qani? / U qayerda?
When? - qachon?
• When were you bom? - Qachon tug‘ilgansiz?
Why? - nega? nima uchun?
• Why did you do that? - Nega unaqa qilding?

105
 How? - qanday? qanday qilib? qay tarzda? qalay?
• How do you turn on this computer? - Bu
komputemi qanday yoqasan?
• How could you achieve all
these? - Bulaming bariga qan­
day erishdingiz?
• How are you getting on? - Ishlaringiz qalay?

M ASHQLAR

I. Ushbu gaplarni who yoki what bilan so‘roq gapga

aylantiring.

1. I bought som ething...... W hat.didygu buy ?

2 . Somebody lives in this house. Who lives in this
house? .
3. I saw somebody...................................................................
4. This word means something.............................................

H. Rasmlarga qarab so‘roq gaplar tuzing.

1 bag is yours?
2 are you writing a letter to?
3 car is in the street?
4 likes apples? 4.

III. Nuqtalar o‘rniga what/which/who qo‘ying.

1- ...What ., is that man's name?
2- ...Which.... waY shall we go? Left or right?

106
3 . You can have tea or coffee...............do you prefer?
4. ' day is it today ?1'Friday.’
5 . This is a nice house................ room is yours?
6 is your favourite sport?
7 is more expensive, meat or fish?
8 is older, Bek or Davron?
9 kind of phone have you?
10. ‘Ali has got three phones.’ ‘............phone does he use
most?’
11 ................ nationality are you?

27-mavzu. How many/how much

how +adjective birikmasi belgi, miqdor kabilarga

ishlatiladi:
How many? - nechta? (sanaladigan otlar bilan)
• How many people are there
in the room? - Xonada necha
kishi bor?

How much? - qancha?

(sanalmaydigan otlar bilan)
• How m
the bucket? - Chelakda qancha suv bor?
Misollami tarjima qiling:
• How old are you? - Yoshing
nechada?
• How tall are you? - Bo‘yingiz
qancha?
• How big is the box? - Qutining
kattakigi qancha?

107
 How bilan yasaladigan so‘roq olmoshlari:
Age - vosh: How old? - necha у os hda?
Weight - vazn: How heavy? - vazni qanday?
Quantity - miqdor: How much? - qancha?
Quantity - miqdor: How many? - nechta?
Length - uzunlik: How long? - uzunligi qanday?
Time - vaqt: How long? - qachondan beri?
Distance - masofa: How far? - qancha (uzoqlikda)?
Height - balandlik: How high? - balandligi qanday?
Height - bo ‘y : How tall? - bo ‘y i qancha?
Width - kenglik: How wide? - eni qancha?
Depth - chuqurlik: How deep? - chuqurligi qancha?
Size - hajm: How big? - hajmifkatta/igi) qanaqa?
Frequency - izchillik: How often? - qanchada?

MASHQLAR

I. How + sifat / ravish bilan so‘roq gap tuzing.

1- \.M Qwhigk.... is the TV tower?’ ‘375 metres.’
2. k..................... is it to the shop?’ ‘It’s about 200 metres
from here.’
3. ‘......................is Halima?’ ‘She’s 18.’
4. ‘......................do the buses run?’ ‘Every fifteen
minutes.’
5. ‘......................is the water in the pool?’ ‘Three metres.’
6 . ‘......................have you learned English?’ ‘Since I was
ten.’

II. Gaplarni How... ? bilan so‘roq gapga aylantiring.

1. Are you 1 metre 70? 1.75? 1.80? Ш№.М1.ЯХ.e.
you?..........,
2. Is it 1 km to the bank? 1,5? 2 ? .........................................

108
3. Does it cost $5? $ 6 ? $ 7 ? ...................................................
4. Is she 18 years old? 19? 2 0 ? .............................................
5. Do you go to the gym every day? Once a week? Never?

III. Is this street five metres wide? Six? Seven?

Rasmlarga qarab so4roq gaplar tuzing.

3. w
have you been waiting for?
days does the Earth goes round
the sun?
did your father buy this car?

2 8 -m a v z u . at, on, in vaqt predloglari

at predlogi soat, kunning ayni bir payti (qismi) oldidan

ishlatiladi:
at 8 о‘clock - soat 8da
at midnight - yarim tunda
• He came at 9 o‘clock. - U
soat to‘qqizda keldi.

on predlogi hafta kunlari, sanalar oldidan ishlatiladi:

on Sunday(s) on 25 April on New Year's Day etc.
• Goodbye! See you on Friday. -X ay r! Jumada
ko‘rishguncha.

109
• I don't work on Sundays. - Men yakshanbada ishlamay-
man.

in predlogi oy,fasl, yil, asr va h. oldidan ishlatiladi:

in April/June etc. in 1985 etc. in summer/ spring etc.
• The garden is lovely in spring. - Bog‘ bahorda jozibali
bo‘ladi.
at predlogi bilan tuzilgan ushbu birikmalami yod oling:
at the weekend - hafta at the end o f ... - ... oxirida
oxirida at the moment - ayni
at night - tunda damda, hozir
at the beginning - avvalida

morning, afternoon va evening so‘zlari bilan in

ishlatiladi:
in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening
• I’ll call you in the morning. - Men sizga ertalab telefon
qilaman.
Lekin kun nomlari bilan kelsa on ishlatiladi: on Monday
morning
• W e’ll meet on Friday morning. - Juma tongda uchra-
shamiz.

in predlogi vaqt oralig‘ini ifodalovchi so‘zlar bilan -da,

-dan keyin, ichida deya tarjima qilinadi: in five minutes
etc.
• Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes. - Bo‘laqol!
Poyezd besh daqiqadan keyin jo ‘naydi.

110
 M ASH Q LAR

I. N u qtalar o ‘rniga a t / o n / i n dan m osini q o ‘ying.

1. on . January 5 6 ........... .... September

2. in . the evening 7........... 24 September
3 ,............ half past three 8 ........... Thursday
4 ............. Wednesday 9 .............. 11.45
S ............. 2014 10 ........ the morning

11. Nuqtalar o‘rniga a t / o n / i n dan mosini qo‘ying.

1. The meeting will be held „on .. Friday.

2. Where were you ... 28 February?
3 . 1 got up ... 8 o ‘clock this morning.
4 . 1 like getting up early ... the morning.
5. They’ll come ... May.
6 . 1 was bom ... 1979.
7. Did you meet him ... Tuesday?
8 . Did you meet him ... Tuesday evening?
9. Do you watch TV ... the evening?
10. The concert begins ... 7.30 tomorrow evening.
1 1 . 1 often go to see my parents ... the weekend.
12. I’ll come back ... 3 July.
13. We have a long holiday ... summer.
14. You can’t come in ... the moment.
15.1 heard o f i t ... January.
16. Do you have lessons ... Saturdays?
17. It was happened ... 1969.
18.1 like to look at the stars ... night.
19. We may finish the work ... the end of the month.
2 0 .1 met her f ir s t... Christmas.

I ll
 29-mavzu. What would you do?
Agar ish-harakat sodir bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lsa, if-li gap
present simple shaklida b o iad i - if you see ... etc. (shall /
will ishlatish MUMKIN EMAS). Ushbu misollami o‘qib
tushinishga harakat qiling:
• If you see Aziza tomorrow, can you ask her to phone
me?
• If I’m late this evening, don't wait for me.
• What shall we do if it rains? (not 'if it will rain')
• If I don’t feel well tomorrow, I'll stay at home.
Faraz, afsus, achinish, orzu-xayol, armon kabi his-
tuyg‘ulami ifodalovchi gaplar if vast simple (did) + would
(do) tarzida yasaladi. If dan keyin to be yordamchi
fe’lining was shakli o ‘mida barcha shaxslarda were
ishlatilishi mumkin:
• If you were rich, what
would you do? - Agar boy
bo ‘lib qolsang nima
qilarding?
• If I were you I wouldn’t buy
this dress. - Sening o ‘mingda bo‘lganimda men bu
ko‘ylakni sotib olmasdim.
“If I had done I would have (done)” o ‘tgan zamondagi
noreal ish-harakat va holatlar uchun ishlatiladi:
• If I had known I would have told you then. - Bil-
ganim da o ‘shandayoq senga
aytgan b o ia rd im .
• We’d have won the game if
you had been yesterday. - Sen
bo‘lganingda biz kecha o ‘yin-
da yutgan bo‘lardik.

112
 M ASHQLAR

I. Gaplarni i f I do . . . I will do ... tarzida yozing.

1 . If you ... to the question, you will get a five, (answer)

2. The ch ild ren..........happy, if you bring them toys, (be)
3 . If I see him, I .............. him about it. (tell)
4 . My mother will be angry if I ..........home late, (come)
5 . If i t .............. . we can have a picnic, (not rain)
6 . If y o u .............. him, please tell him to call me. (see)
7. If s h e ..........the exam, we will be very pleased, (pass)
8 ................. if you ask her? (she come)
9 . We may go for a walk, if the w eath er..........fine, (be)
10. You can go for a walk if y o u .........your homework.
(finish)

11. Gaplarni if I did ... I would do ... tarzida yozing.

1. If I .............. you, I would go to the doctor, (be)

2 . If S o li.............. her number, he would give me. (know)
3. If you wore warmer clothes, y o u ..........cold, (not get)
4 ................. to the meeting if he called you? (you go)
5 . Y o u .............. fatter if you ate much every day. (get)
6 . If y o u .........more money, would you buy more? (have)
7 . If w e ..........tickets, we would go to the concert, (find)
8 . F ath er.............. angry if you told her the truth, (not be)

III. Gaplarni if I had done I would have done tarzida

yozing.

1. If y o u .............. for the test, you would have passed.

(prepare)
2. If the m a n .............. me the way, I would have never

113
 found out. (tell)
3. If I .............. last night, I would have been tired this
morning, (not sleep)
4 . 1 .............. surprised if he had come, (be)
5. He would have agreed if the terms of the contract
.................. different, (be)

3 0 -m a v z u . before after during while

before - ...-dan oldin, -ga qadar during - ...-da,

mobaynida
while - ...-ganda, (bir) paytda after - ...-dan key in
• I came before dinner. - Men tushlikdan avval keldim.
• I went to sleep during the film. - Kino paytida uxlab
qolibman.
• We went home after our lesson. — Biz darsimizdan
keyin uyga ketdik.
before while after
• I’ll come before you go out. - Chiqishingdan aw al
kelaman.
• He went to sleep while he was w atching television. - U
televizor ko‘rayotganida uxlab qoldi.
• They went home after they did the shopping. - Ular
xarid qilib bo‘lgandan keyin uyga ketishdi.

during va while
during ot bilan qo‘llanadi - during + noun (during the
film). W hile dan keyin ega-kesim yoki ing shakl
ishlatiladi:
• We didn't speak during the meal. - Biz ovqat paytida
gaplashmadik.

114
• We didn't speak while we were eating. - Ovqatla-
nayotganimizda gaplashmadik.
before/after + -ing (before going / after eating etc.):
• I’ll call before going to work. - Men ishga ketishdan
oldin telefon qilaman.
• A fter doing the shopping, they
went home. (= after they did)

Infmitiv ishlatish mumkin emas

- ‘before to go4, ‘after to do‘:
• Before having breakfast, I
have a shower. (not ЪеАоге to
eat') - Nonushta qilishdan
avval men dushda cho‘mila-
man.
M ASHQLAR

I. N u qtalar o‘rniga during yoki while qo‘ying.

1. We didn't speak ..white... we were eating.

2. We didn't speak ..during... the meal.
3. Mummy c a lle d ................. you were out.
4. Salima went to Ita ly ................. she was on holiday.
5. The students answered very w e ll.............the lesson.
6. I fell out of b e d .................. I was asleep.
7. I don't usually s le e p ............. the day.
8. Do you ever go to s le e p ............. you are at the lesson?

II. M azm unan mos fe’Ini -ing shaklda qo 4llang.

1. After watching ... TV, they went to bed.

2. He feit sick a fte r..........too much chocolate.

115
3. They’ll ask you some questions. Think carefully before
............it.
4. I felt awful this morning. I felt better a f te r ................ a
shower.
5. B efo re.............. to work, you must lock the door.

III. G aplarni before + -ing va after + -ing tarzida

yozing.

1. They did the shopping. Then they went home.

After doing the shopping, they went home.
2. Javlon left school. Then he applied for the university.
Javlon ap p lied .....................................................................
3. I switched off the TV. Then I went to sleep.
B efo re..................................................................................
4. We worked till the evening. We were very tired.
A fte r.....................................................................................
5. Let’s have a break. Then we'll discuss the matter.
L e t's ......................................................................................
6 . He came home in the evening. Then he phoned his
mother.
H e .........................................................................................

116
 OG'ZAKI NUTQ, LEKSIKA

ORAL SPEECH, LEXICS

Ushbu bo‘limda kundalik hayotda k o ‘p qo‘llanadigan
gaplar, so‘z!ar va idiomalar berilgan. Ulami o‘rganib, yod
olib nutqingizni, so ‘z boyligingizni oshirish imkoniga ega
bo‘lasiz. Ma’lumki, barcha tillarda bo‘lgani kabi ingliz
tilida ham shevalar mavjud, nafaqat sheva, hattoki alohida
til variant sifatida qabul qilingan. Shunday til variantlari -
Britaniya (BrE) va Amerika (AE) ingliz tili variantlaridir.
Bo‘limdagi gaplaming ham Britaniya va ham Amerika
ingliz tilisidagi talaffuzlari berilgan. Sizga aynan ingliz tili
muhitmi tashkil etish niyatida va, qolaverda, awalgi
bo‘limlarda ingliz tili bilan ancha yaqindan tanishib
olganingiz sababli o‘zingiz mustaqil ishlashingiz uchun
diskda faqat ingliz tilidagi gaplar o‘qilgan. Kitobda ham
faqatgina notanish so‘zlaming taijimasi berilgan, xolos.
Lug‘atda muloqotda eng ko‘p qo‘llanadigan so‘zlar
berilgan. Ushbu so‘zlami nutqda ishlatilishini yaxshi bilib,
ulami bemalol qo‘llay olsangiz, demak siz ingliz tilida
bemalol suhbatlasha olmasangiz ham, o‘z fikringizni
tushuntira olasiz, albatta.
Idiomalar - odatda ma’nosi bir so‘zga teng keladigan
iboralardir. Undagi so‘zlar o‘z ma’nosida emas, baUd
ko‘chma ma’noda ishlatiladi. Kitobda aynan iste’molda
ko‘p ishlatiladigan idiomalar berilgan. Bu sizga inglizlar
bilan so‘zlashganda ulami tushunishingiz va nutqingizning
yanada ta’sirchan va jozibali bo‘lishiga yordam beradi.

117
 USEFUL ENGLISH SENTENCES

1. Listen to the example. - Misolni tinglang.

Hello. - Salom.
How are you? - Qalaysiz? / Ahvollaringizyaxshimi?
Fine. - Yaxshi.
Fine, thank you. - Yaxshi, rahmat.
Okay, thanks. - Yaxshi, rahmat.
Good morning. - Xayrli tong.
Good afternoon. - Xayrli кип.
Good evening. - Xayrli kech.
Excuse me. - Kechirasiz. / Uzr.
W hat time is it? - Soat necha bo ‘Idi.
It is 2 о ‘clock. - Soat ikki bo ‘Idi.
Thank you. - Rahmat.
M y name is John. - Mening ismim Jon.
W hat is your name? - Sizning ismingiz nima?
Do you live here? - Shu yerda yashaysizmi/turasizmi?
Yes, I live here. - Ha, shu yerda yashayman/turaman.
Do you speak English? - Inglizcha gaplashasizmi?
I speak a little English. - Men ozgina inglizcha gaplasha-
man.
Have you lived here long? - Bu yerda anchadan beri
yashaysizmi?
I have lived here two years. - Bu yerda ikki yildan beri
yashayman.
Thank you. - Rahmat.
Goodbye. -X ayr.

1.2. R epeat each sentence. —Har bir gapni suxandon

ortidan takrorlang.

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 2. Listen to the example.

Hello, how are you?

Fine, thank you.
Okay, thanks.
Are you sick?
No, I am not sick1, but I h u rt my arm
Is your child sick?
No, m y child is not sick.
Do you live here in the city?
Yes, I live here.

2.2. R epeat each sentence.

Hello, how are you? Yes, I live here.

Fine, thank you. W hat kind of w ork do
Okay, thanks. you do?3
Are you sick? I work in a store4.
No, I am not sick, but I hurt Do you have a phone?
my arm. Yes, I have a phone.
Is your child sick? M ay I call you?
No, my child is not sick. Yes, you m ay call me.
Do you live here in the Thank you. Goodbye.
city? Goodbye.

Glossary
1) s ic k -k a s a l
2) I h u rt my arm . - Q o‘lim lat yedi.
3) W hat kind of w ork do you do? - N im a ish
qilasiz?
4) in a store - d o ‘konda / univerm agda

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 3. Listen to the Example.

Hello, how are you? Fine, thanks. A nd you?2

H i1, how are you? Do you live here?
Hello. Do you live here in the
Hi. city?
Fine, thank you. A re you from this city?3
Fine, thanks. Where do you work?
Okay, thanks. W hat kind o f work do you
Okay. do?
How are you? W hat do you do?4

3.2. R epeat each sentence.

Hello, how are you?

Hi, how are you?
Hello. / Hi.
Fine, thank you.
Fine, thanks.
Okay, thanks.
O kay5.
How are you?
Fine, thanks. And you?
Do you live here?
Do you live here in the city?
Are you from this city?
W here do you work?
W hat kind o f work do you do?
W hat do you do?
W here do you live?
W hat is your address?
Is this your c u rre n t6 address?
Do you have a phone?

120
 M ay I call you?
C an I reach you by phone?7
M ay I see your d riv e r’s
license8?
Do you have any ID9?
M ay I see some personal
identification10?

G lossary
1) Hi! - Salom!
2) And you? - Siz-chi? / 0 ‘zingiz-chi?
3) A re you from this city? - Siz shu shahardanm isiz?
/Shu shaharlikm isiz?
4) W hat do you do? - N im a ish qilasiz? /Kasbingiz
nima?
5) O kay. - 1) yaxshi; 2) x o ‘p, b o ‘pti, mayli
6) c u rre n t - hozirgi, hozirda turgan
7) C an I reach you by phone? - Sizga telefon qilsam
b o ia d im i?
8) d riv e r’s license - haydovchilik guvohnomasi
9) ID = qisqartma (personal) identification
10) personal identification - shaxsni tasdiqlovchi hujjat

4. Say your nam e after each sentence.

M y name i s ................................
Hello, my nam e i s .....................
Hi, my nam e i s ..........................
I'm glad to know you. M y name i s ..................

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 4.1. R epeat each num ber.

0 - zero /' zi ar au/ 1 5 -fifte en /'fif'tiin /

1 - one /WAn/ 1 6 -six teen /'s ik s 'tiin /
2 - two /tu:/ 17 - seventeen /'sev n 'tiin /
3 - three / 0 ri:/ 1 8 -eig h teen /'e i'tiin /
4 - four /fb:/ 1 9 -n in eteen /'n a in 'tiin /
5 - five /fai v/ 2 0 -tw en ty /'tw en ti/
6 - six /siks/ 30 - th irty /' Gai t i /
7 - seven /' sevn/ 40 - forty /'fDItl/
8 - eight / ei t / 50 - fifty /' fl ftl /
9 - nine /nain/ 60 - sixty / ' si k s t i /
10 - ten /ten/ 70 - seventy / ' s ev n t i /
11 - eleven /I'levn/ 80 - eighty / ' ei t i /
1 2 -tw elv e /twelv/ 90 - n in ety /'nainti/
1 3 -th irteen /'0 a :'ti:n /
1 4 -fo u rteen /'fD i'tiin/
100 - one hundred /WAn ' h A n d r s d /
1,000 - one thousand /WAn 'Gauzand/

4.2 R epeat each sentence.

Is this an em ergency1?
This is an emergency.
This is not an emergency.
This is a medical em ergency2.
This is not a medical emergency.
Please call 9993.
Call the police4.
Call an am bulance5.
Call the fire d ep artm en t6.

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Please help me. / Help me. / Help.
I am h u rt . / I'm hurt. / I'm not hurt.
M y car will not s ta rt8. / My car won't start.
My car is out o f petrol9 (=gas AE).
W here is the closest petrol station10(=gas station AE)1
W hat is your license n u m b e r"?
M y child is sick.
M y arm is hurt.
M y wife is sick.
M y husband is hurt.
W hich hospital do you w ant to go to?
Do you have insurance12?
W hat is your health c ard n u m b e r13?
How do you w ant to p a y ? 14
W ill you pay w ith cash ?15
Will you pay by check16?
Will you pay w ith a credit c a rd 17?
How much will this cost?18
I do not have th a t m uch m oney/
W hich bus do I tak e?20
Is this the rig h t bus stop?21
W here is the closest22 bus stop?
W here can I find ...? 23
You will find it there.
Is the office open? - N o, the office is closed.
W hen will the office open? - It will open at 8:30.

G lossary

1) em ergency - shoshilinch yordam xizm ati (yong ‘in,

baxtsiz hodisa va huquqbuzarlikda Amerikada 911
raqamiga sim qoqiladi)
2) medical em ergency - shoshilinch tibbiy yordam
xizmati

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3) call 999 - 999ga sim qoqing ( ingliz tilida telefon
raqamlari alohida-alohiga aytiladi)
4) police - politsiya
5) am bulance - shoshilinch tibbiy yordam (mashinasi)
6) fire departm ent - yong‘in xavfsizligi xizmati
7) I am hurt. - Men lat yedim.
8) My car will not start. - M ashinam o ‘t olmayapti
/yurm ayapti.
9) petrol - benzin, Amerikada gas deb aytiladi
10) petrol station (=gas station) - benzin quyish
shahobchasi
11) license num ber - litsenziya (ruxsatnoma,
haydovchilik guvohnomasi kabilar) raqami
12) insurance - sug‘urta
13) health card num ber - kasallik varaqasi (kartochkasi)
raqami
14) How do you w ant to pay? - Qanday to ‘lamoqchisiz?
15) Will you pay w ith cash? - Naqd (pul bilan)
to ‘laysizmi?
16) by check - chek bilan
17) credit card - plastik kartochka
18) How much will this cost? - Bu qancha b o ia d i? /
qanchaga tushadi?
19) I do not have th a t much money. - M enda uncha
k o ‘p pul yo‘q.
20) W hich bus do I take? - M en qaysi avtobusga
chiqam an?
21) Is this the rig h t bus stop? - Shu bekatdan
chiqiladimi?
22) closest - eng yaqin
23) W here can I find? - Qayerdan topishim mum kin?

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 5. Say each letter of the alphabet.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ее Ff Gg

Hh Ii Jj Kk LI Mm Nn

Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu

Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

5.1. Repeat each sentence.

Can you tell me where the store is?

Can you tell me where the toilet1 is?
C an you tell me w here to find groceries?2
How much does it cost?3
How much do I owe you?4
W hat time is it?
G lossary
1) toilet - hojatxona, tualet
2) C an you tell me w here to find groceries? - Oziq-
ovqat mahsulotlarini qayerdan topishni
aytolm aysizm i?
3) How much does it cost? - Bu qancha turadi?
4) How much do I owe you? - Sizga qancha
berishim kerak? /Sizdan qancha qarzdorm an/qarz
b o id im ?

5.2. Listen to the example.

Can you tell me where the store is?

Excuse me. Can you tell me where the store is?
Can you tell me where the bathroom is?
Excuse me. Can you tell me where the bathroom is?

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 Can you tell me where to find groceries?
Excuse me. Can you tell m e where to find groceries?
How much does it cost?
Excuse me. How much does it cost?

5.3. R epeat each sentence after saying, ’’Excuse me.”

Can you tell me where the store is?

Excuse me. Can you tell me where the store is?
Can you tell me where the toilet is?
Excuse me. Can you tell m e where the toilet is?
Can you tell me where to find groceries?
Excuse me. Can you tell me where to find groceries?
How much does it cost?
Excuse me. How m uch does it cost?
How much do I owe you?
Excuse me. How much do I owe you?
W hat tim e is it?
Excuse me. W hat time is it?
Is this an emergency?
Excuse me. Is this an emergency?
Do you have a driver's license?
Excuse me. Do you have a driver's license?
Is your arm hurt?
Excuse me. Is your arm hurt?
W here is the closest bus stop?
Excuse me. Where is the closest bus stop?

6. A nsw er each question.

W hat is your nam e? (M y nam e i s ....................................... )

W here do you live? (I live in [c ity ]..................................... )
W hat is your address? (M y address i s ................................
................................................................)

126
W hat is your phone number? (M y phone num ber is [area
c o d e ] .....................................)
W here do you work? (I work a t .............................................. )
W hat kind o f work do you do? (I'm a [ n ] ...............................)
W hat is your work phone number? (My work phone
num ber is [area c o d e ]..................................................)
W hat is your license number? (My license number is
......................... )

DAYS, M ONTH S AND HOLIDAYS

Days of the week - Hafta kunlari

Sunday (Sun.) - yakshanba
M onday (M on.) - dushanba
Tuesday (Tues.) - seshanba
W ednesday (W ed.) - chorshanba
Thursday (Thurs.) - payshanba
Friday (Fri.) - jum a
Saturday (Sat.) - shanba

M onths of the year - Yil oylari

January (Jan.) - yanvar July (July) - iyul
February (Feb.) - fevral August (Aug.) - avgust
M arch (M ar.) - mart Septem ber (Sept.) - sentabr
April (Apr.) - aprel O ctober (Oct.) - oktabr
M ay (May) - m ay N ovem ber (Nov.) - noyabr
June (June) - iyun D ecem ber (Dec.) - dekabr

Seasons of the year - Yil fasllari

Spring - bahor Autumn (=fall AE ) - kuz
Sum m er - yoz W inter - qish

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 Holidays - Bayramlar
N ew Year's Day (January 1) - Yangi yil kuni
Easter (M arch or April) - pasxa
M emorial Day (M ay) - X otira kuni
Independence Day - M ustaqillik kuni
Labor D ay (Septem ber) - M ehnat kuni
Thanksgiving (November)
- Shukrona kuni
Halloween (the night o f O ctober 31)
- Helloven
Christm as (D ecem ber 25) - Rojdestvo

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 " Words are the most powerful drug used by mankind."
Rudyard Kipling
The 200 Most Common Words in English
Ingliz tilida eng ko‘p qo‘llanadigan 200 ta so‘z
A ytishlaricha, 80% inglizcha gaplar va suhbatlam ing
50% dan k o ‘prog‘i quyidagi eng k o ‘p q o ilan ad ig an atiga
200 ta so ‘zdan yasalar ekan. D em ak YAXSHI
GAPLASHA O LISH UCHUN sizga k o ‘p so‘z bilish shart
em as, balki SO ‘ZLARN I Q O ‘LLASHNI 0 ‘RGANI-
SHINGIZ KERAK!
Quyidagi so‘zlam i bilasizm i? U lam i erkin q o ila y
olasizmi? U nday b o is a , siz m aqsadingizga erishishingizga
oz qolibdi.

а /зе; э/ (shuningdek, an /эп; atrofda, hamma yerda, har yerda,

aen/) noaniq artikl 1) bir, bitta: barcha joylarda; 4) prep, haqida,
~ kilo o f sugar bir kilo shakar; to ‘g ‘risida, bora(si) -da, yuzasi-
I have got ~ son and ~ dan; (ГОЮМ) how/what ~...? 1)
daughter. Mening bir o'g'il, (fikr, xohish yoki m a’lumot
bir qizim bor. 2) har qanday, s o ‘raganda) -chi: How ~
har qanaqa, har bir, xohlagan, Rustam? Rustam-chi? 2) (taklif
istagan, istalgan, birorta: Give bildirishda) -chi? nima deysiz?:
me ~ pen, please. Menga What ~ going to a cafe tonight?
(qanday b o ‘Isa ham / birorta) Kechqurun biror kafega borishga
ruch/ca bering. 3) qandaydir: nima deysiz/borsak-chi?
~man is calling you. after /'aifta/ prep 1) -dan keyin,
Qandaydir kishi sizni s o ‘ng; ~ six o'clock soat olti-
chaqiryaptu 4) har, har bir, har dan k-n ~ breakfast nonush-
qay-si: ~ master has his own tadan so ‘ng; 2) ortidan, orqasi-
secret. Har bir ustaning о ‘z siri dan;
bo ‘ladi again /э'деп / adv qaytadan,
about /a'baut/ adv 1) (ayniqsa AE yana, yana bir marta/bo r,
around) -lar(cha), -tacha, atrofi- tag‘in, boshqatdan
da, taxminan, chamasi; 2) deyar- against /a 'g e n s t/ prep qarshi,
li; desa ham b o ‘ladi, b o‘lib qoldi; qarama-qarshi
3) (also around; har tarafda,

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all /э:1/ 1. det, pron 1) barcha barobar ко ‘p ; I haven V got as
(si), hammasi: ~ o f it is yours. many books as you have.
Shuning hammasi seniki. 2) Menda sendagichalik ко ‘p
(vaqt oralig‘ini ifodalovchi kitob yo'q. 4) (kasb haqida)
so ‘zlar b-n) butun, b o‘yi, sifatida, b o‘lib; 5) chunki,
boshidan oxirigacha: ~ day кип uchun, sababli, tufayli
bo'yi; 3) hammasi, atiga, bor- ask /a:sk / v 1) so ‘ramoq; 2) ~
y o ‘g ‘i, xolos: ~ Vve eaten is a (sb) for sth; ~ sth (of sb); ~ sb
glass o f popcorn. Men bor- to do sth b. narsani (berishni)
yo ‘g 7 bir stakan bodroq yedim s o ‘ramoq, so ‘rab olmoq, b. ish
2. 1) adv batamom, tamoman, qilishini s o ‘ramoq, iltimos qil-
butunlay, juda; 2) (in sport) har moq; 3) (b. narsaga narx) so ‘ra-
ikki tarafga, durang: The score moq, b. narx berishini aytmoq,
was two ~. Hisob ikki-yu ikki. b. narx aytmoq: He ~ed
also /'Dilsau/ adv shuningdek, $20 000 fo r his car. U
ham mashinasiga 20 000 dollar
and /a e n d / conj. va, hamda so'radi/narx aytdi. 4) ~ sb (to
another /э 'п л д э / det, pron. 1) sth) = to invite sb taklif qilmoq
boshqa; 2) yana bitta (biri) at /aet; at/ prep -da, yonida
any /'em / det, pron. 1) kim back /Ьэек/ 1. n 1) bel, orqa;
b o‘Isa ham; 2) qanday odamning beli, orqa tomoni; 2)
b o ‘lmasin; 3) biror, ista(l)gan biror narsaning orqa tomoni;
(bo ‘lishli gaplar da) astar 2. a I) orqa, orqada joy-
around /a 'ra u n d / 1. adv 1) (also lashgan; a ~ seat orqa o ‘rindiq;
about) har tarafda, har tarafga, a ~ door orqa eshik; 3. adv
u yoqdan-bu yoqqa; 2) ortga, orqaga, qayta; to be ~ qaytib
orqaga, qarama-qarshi tarafga; kelmoq
2. prep 1) u yoqdan-bu y o g ‘iga, be /b ii/ v (was, were; been)
har tarafiga; 2) aylanasiga, ay- b o‘lmoq, -dir
lanib, aylantirib; 3) yaqinda, because /bi'kDz/ 1. cj chunki,
atrofida; 4) {also about) taxmi- negaki 2. prep: ~ of uchun,
nan, chamasi tufayli, sababli, natijasida; ~ of
as /a e z / conj, prep, adv 1) ayni him u tufayli
(b. ish bajarayotganda), paytda, become /bi'kAm/ v (became;
damda, lahzada; 2) as... as become) b o‘lib qolmoq, b o‘l-
dek, -day, kabi, singari, moq; it has ~ cold sovuq b o ‘lib
o ‘xshab, o ‘xshagan; 3) as... as qoldi
(much va many b-n birga): before / bi'fD: / 1. adv avval,
twice as much as -dan ikki oldin, ilgari; 2. prep 1) oldida,

130
 qarshisida; 2) oldin, ilgari; 3) to ~ train boshqa poyezdga
oldinda o ‘tirmoq; to ~ one’s mind
begin / bi'gin/ v (began; begun) fikrini o ‘zgartirmoq 2) usti
boshla(n)moq boshini o ‘zgartirmoq 3) (pulni)
between /bi'twiin/ prep (ikkita maydalamoq 4) o ‘zgarmoq
narsa) o ‘rtasida, orasida child / t j a i l d / n (pi children)
both /Ьэи0/ 1. pron /W e/’ikkala, yosh bo la; bola (qiz yoki o'g'il
ikkisi, har ikkalasi 2. cj: ~... bola)
and ....... ham, ...ham come /к л т / v (came; come) 1)
but /bAt/ I. prep boshqa, tashqa- kelmoq 2) ~ from biror
ri, bo‘lak; they are all narsadan kelib chiqmoq; biror
finished, ~ me mendan boshqa joylik b o‘lmoq
hamma tugatdi 2. a lekin, consider /kan'sida/ v 1) k o ‘rib
ammo chiqmoq, o ‘rganib chiqmoq 2)
buy /bAi/ v sotib olmoq o ‘ylab k o‘rmoq 3) deb
hisoblamoq, deb o ‘ylamoq; 4)
by /b ai/ prep 1) yonida, oldida;
~ the window deraza yonida 2) e ’tiborga / inobatga /hisobga
olmoq
-da, -dan, bilan; tomonidan; 2)
-ga, -gacha (vaqt haqida); ~ could /kud/ can f e ’lining past
two o‘clock soat ikkiga 3) shakli
muvofiq, b o‘yicha, binoan; ~ course /kD:s/ n 1) kurs, bosqich;
profession ixtisosi b o‘yicha; ~ 4) ovqat, taom, porsiya
the law qonun b o‘yicha day / d e i / n kun
(ID IO M ) day ~ day kundan- develop /d i'v e la p / v 1) rivojlan-
kunga; ~ chance tasodifan; one tirmoq 2) rivojlanmoq, o ‘smoq
~ one bitta-bitta; sekin-asta; ~ do /d u : / (did; done) v qilmoq,
the way darvoqe, aytganday, bajarmoq
aytmoqchi down /daun/ prep; adv 1) past-
call /кэ:1/ 1. v 1) chaqirmoq 2) ga; pastda, quyiga, quyida
atamoq 3) biror yerga kirmoq during /'d ju a r ir j / prep davomi-
(at); 4) q o‘n g‘iroq qilmoq; 2. n da, mobaynida
l)chaqirish; 2 ) q o ‘n g‘iroq
each /i:tj/ pron indefhax bir; ~
can /кэеп/ v (could) modal f e ’l : other bir-biri
1) qila olmoq, uddalay olmoq,
early / ' a : l i / a erta, barvaqt, vaqt-
q o ‘lidan kelmoq 2) mumkin;
li
change /tjeind 3 / 1. n 1)
end /e n d / 1. n oxir, so ‘ng; 2. v
o ‘zgarish; o ‘zgartirish 2)
tuga(t) -moq
almashtirish (kiyimni) 3) mayda
even I /'i: v a n / a ju f t (son)
(pul) 2. v 1) o ‘zgar(tir) -moq;

131
even II / ‘i:van/ adv hatto(ki) 3) kelmoq, yetmoq, yetib bor­
eye /a i/ n k o‘z moq;
face /fe is/ 1. n yuz, bet; 2. v 1) give /g iv / v (gave; given) ber­
duch kelmoq, yuzlanmoq; 2) moq, uzatmoq
biror tomonga qaramoq (deraza go /дай/ v (went; gone) yurmoq,
va h. haqida) bormoq, ketmoq
fact / faekt/ n dalil, fakt; good /gu d/ a (better, best)
feel /fi:l/ v (felt) 1) sezmoq, his yaxshi
qilmoq 2) ushlab k o‘rmoq, pay- govern /'длуэп/ vboshqarmoq
paslamoq great /greit/ a ulug‘, buyuk
few /fju:/ 1. a oz; ozgina, k o ‘p group /дги:р/ n guruh
emas 2. n oz miqdor; a ~ bir hand /haend/ n 1) q o ‘l ( kaft va
qancha, bir talay barmoqlar); 2) tomon, jihat; on
find /faind/ v (found) topmoq; ~ the other ~ boshqa tomondan
out bilib olmoq have /haev/ v bor bo‘lmoq, ega
first /fa :st/ birinchi; ~ name b o im o q
ism; at ~ boshida, avval, birin­ he /hi:/ pronpers и (о ‘g ‘il)
chi navbatda, aw alo head /h ed / n kalla, bosh
follow /'fDlau/ v ergashmoq; help /help/ 1. n yordam, k o ‘mak,
orqasidan bormoq madad 2. v yordam bermoq; ~
for /Ь :/ 1. prep 1) (vaqtga yourselves! Olishib o ‘tiringlar!
nisbatan) davomida, -da, vaqti- please, ~ yourself to the pilav
da; 2) uchun, -ga; 3) sababli, qani, oshga qaranglar/ oshdan
tufayli, vajidan olinglar.
form /h:rr\/ 1. n forma; shakl; here /h ia / adv bu yerda, shu
tashqi k o‘rinish; 2) sin f yerda; bu yoqqa; ~ you are ma-
(maktabda); 3) blanka, anketa na, oling; ~ ’s your bag mana
varaqasi 2. v shakllanmoq; sumkangiz
shakl bermoq high /h ai/ a baland, yuqori, yuk-
from /from/ prep -dan, -lik; ~ sak
Uychi Uychidan, uychilik; hold /hauld/ v (held) ushlamoq,
general /'Ьзепэгэ!/ 1. a 1) ushlab turmoq; (majlis) o ‘tkaz-
umumiy; in ~ umuman 2) moq
odatdagi, odatiy 3) asosiy, home /haum/ n uy, turar joy; at
muhim 4) bosh; G. Assembly ~ uyda
Bosh Assarnbleya 2. n general
house /haus/ n uy, turar joy, bi-
get /g e t/ v (got; got; AE p. II no
gotten) 1) olmoq; 2) erishmoq

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how /h a u / adv qanday?, qay know /паи/ v (knew; known)
tarzda?, qanday qilib? ~ are bilmoq; tanimoq
you? Qalaysiz? large /Ia:d 3 / a katta, yirik
however /h a u 'e v a / 1. adv qan­ last /la:st/ 1. n so ‘ng, oxir; at ~
day b o ‘lmasin, qanday boMishi- va nihoyat, axiyri; 2. a 1) late
ga qaramay 2. cj shunga qara- ning orttirma da rajas i ; so ‘nggi,
may, shunday b o ‘lsa-da, biroq oxirgi; 2) o ‘tgan; ~ year o ‘tgan
I /a i/ men yil; 3. adv 1) hammadan s o ‘ng,
if /if / agar oxirida; who came ~? oxirida
in / i n / -da, ichida; -dan key in kim keldi? 2) oxirgi marta 4. v
increase /'in k r i: s / 1. n k o ‘pa- davom etmoq, cho‘zilmoq
yish, ortish, oshish, o ‘sish 2. v late /le it/ 1. a (later, latter;
1) k o‘paytirmoq, orttirmoq; latest, last) 1) kech, kechikkan,
oshirmoq 2) k o ‘paymoq, o rt- kech qolgan, kechki; 2) kechki,
moq, oshmoq, o ‘smoq oxirgi 2. adv (later; latest)
interest /'in t r is t / 1. n 1) kech;
qiziqish; 2) p i foyda, manfaat, lead /led/ v 1) olib bormoq, y o ‘l
naf; 2. v qiziqtirmoq, qiziqishi- k o ‘rsatmoq, yetaklamoq; 2)
ni oshirmoq rahbarlik qilmoq, boshqarmoq
into /'in t u / prep 1) -ga, ichiga leave /li:v/ v (left) 1) ketmoq,
it I / i t / 1) u (hayvon va jonsiz tark etmoq, chiqib ketmoq; 2)
narsa) 2) bu; it is a map bu qoldirmoq, 3) tashlamoq, tash-
xarita 3) tahiat hodisalarini, lab ketmoq; ~ for jo ‘namoq,
vaqtni, masofani ifodalashda y o ‘lga chiqmoq, ketmoq
qo'llaniladi va ko'pincha tar- life /laif/ n hayot, yashash,
jim a qilinmaydi: it is cold turmush
/early/far sovuq/erta/uzoq; it like /laik/ 1. a o ‘xshash; to look
snows qor y o g ‘adi ~ o ‘xshamoq 2. v 1) yoqtirmoq,
it II /i t / uni, unga yaxshi k o ‘rmoq; 3. adv kabi; ~
just /d 3 Ast/ adv 1) aniq, to ‘ppa- that bunday; ~ me men kabi
to ‘g ‘ri; ayni; 2) hozirgina line /lain/ 1. n 1) chiziq 2) (tele-
keep 1. v (kept) 1)
/k i : p / fon) liniya 3) y o ‘l, iz (temir
ushlamoq, tutmoq 2) saqlamoq, yo 7, havo yo 4i) 4) qator, saf;
asramoq 3) ustidan chiqmoq amer navbat 2. v 1) chizmoq,
(so'zning, va ’daning) 4) b o ‘y- chiziq tortmoq 2) saf tortmoq
sinmoq, rioya qilmoq (qonun- little / ‘litl/ (less; least) 1. a
qoidaga) 5) davom etmoq (bi­ kichkina, kam 2. adv oz; ~ b y -
ror narsa qilishda) asta-sekin; kam-kam

133
long /1эг] / uzun; uzoq so ~! Yax- move /m u:v/ v 1) siljitmoq; 2)
shi qoling(lar)! qimirla(t)moq,
look /luk/ 1. n qarash; to have a harakatlan(tir)moq; 3) yurmoq
~ at ...ga qaramoq; 2. v 1) qara- (o'yinda)\ it’s your turn to ~
moq, k o‘rmoq; to ~ at -ga yurish sizdan
qaramoq much /пш // a (more; most)
make /m eik/ 1. v (made) 1) k o‘p
qilmoq, yasamoq, tayyorlamoq; must /mAst/ mod v kerak, shart
ishlab chiqarmoq; to ~ tea zarur
choy damlamoq 2) tuzmoq; to nation /'neifan/ n millat
~ a list ro‘yxat tuzmoq; need /ni:d/ 1. n zaruriyat, muh-
man /maen/ n (pi men) 1) tojlik; 2. v muhtoj b o ‘lmoq,
(erkak) kishi; 2) inson, odam; ehtiyoj sezm oq (biror narsa-
many /'m em / a (more; most) ga); he ~s help u yordamga
k o ‘p muhtoj / unga yordam kerak
may /m ei/ (might) 1) mumkin, never /'neva/ adv 1) hech qa-
mayli 2) tilak bildirishda: ~ chon; biror marta ham, hech
you be happy! baxt b oiin g! ham
mean /m i:n/ 1. n 1) p i vosita; new /nju:/ yangi
usul, y o ‘sin; ~s of no /паи/ pr hech qanday; y o ‘q;
communication aloqa vosita- he has no money uning puli
lari; by all ~s! albatta!/ gap y o ‘q no smoking chekish
b o‘lishi mumkinmas!; 2. v 1) mumkinmas
nazarda tutmoq, o ‘ylamoq; 2) not / rot/ a inkorni, bo'lishsizlik-
anglatmoq, m a’no bildirmoq; ni anglatadi: y o ‘q, emas; I do
this word ~s bu so ‘z ...ni ~ know men bilmayman
anglatadi
now /паи/ adv hozir, shu tobda,
might /m ait/ v may f e ’lining hozirda, ayni vaqtda; right ~
past shakli hoziroq, darhol
more / т з : / a 1) much va many number /'плтЬ э/ n son, raqam
ning qiyosiy darajasi k o‘proq; of /dv/ prep 1) -ning; 2) haqida
2) yana; one ~ yana bitta; once
off /of/ -dan, ustidan; ~ day, day
~ yana bir marta; twice ~ yana
~ b o‘sh кип; be ~ ketmoq;
ikki marta
hands ~! q o‘lingni tort!
most /m aust/ a 1) much, many
old /auld/ a 1) qari; 2) eski,
ning orttirma darajasi 2) eng
qadimiy; 3) qadrdon, sodiq
k o ‘p; in ~ cases aksariyat
hollarda; ~ interesting eng,
on /эп / -da, ustida
juda qiziq

134
one /WAn/ 1) bir, bitta; 2) play /p le i/ 1. n 1) o ‘yin 2)
allakim, kishi, birov; no ~ hech pyesa, spektakl; 2. v o ‘ynamoq;
kim to ~ chess shahmat o ‘ynamoq
only /'aunli/ 1. a yagona; ~ child point /paint/ 1. n 1) nuqta; 2)
yagona farzand 2. cj faqat, uch; ~ of a pencil qalamning
xolos uchi 3) band, punkt; the main
open /'эирэп/ 1. a ochiq 2. v ~s of the plan rejaning asosiy
ochmoq punktlari 4) maqsad, mohiyat,
or / э :/ cj yoki: or else b o‘lmasa; ~ of view nuqtai nazar 5) sport
either... or... (darak gapda) ochko; 2. v k o‘rsatmoq; to ~
yo..., yo...; (inkor gapda) na..., out ta’kidlamoq; qayd qilmoq
na...; possible /'рэээЫ/ a mumkin,
order /'Dida/ 1. n 1) tartib; 2. v ehtimol, b o iish i mumkin; as
buyurmoq soon as ~ iloji boricha tezroq;
other /'л5э/ a boshqa if ~ mumkin b o‘Isa
out /aut/ 1. a 1) tashqi; sirtqi 2) present /'preznt/ 1. n hozir; at ~
sport o ‘yindan tashqari hozirgi paytda 2. sovg‘a, had-
holatdagi 2. prep tashqarida ya; 3. v sovg‘a qilmoq, hadya
qilmoq; 4. v namoyish qilmoq
over /auva/ 1) ustidan, tepasi-
dan, bu y o g ‘idan и y o g ‘iga to problem /'ргэЫ эт/ v masala;
be ~ tugamoq 2) prep -da, tepa- muammo; to solve the ~ mu-
sida, ustida; ammoni hal etmoq
own /эип/ a o ‘z, o ‘zining, xusu- program(me) /'ргэидгает/ n
siy dastur
part / pa:t/ n qism, ulush; to public /'pAblik/ n xaloyiq, jamo-
take ~ in -da ishtirok etmoq at, jamoatchilik

people /'pi:pl/ n p i 1) odamlar, real /rial/ a chin, chinakam, asl,

kishilar; 2) xalq haqiqiy

person /'paisn/ n inson, odam, right /rait/ 1. n 1) huquq; 2)

shaxs to‘g ‘rilik, haqlik, haqiqat 2. a
1) haq, haqli; she is quite ~ и
place /p le is / 1. n joy, o ‘rin; to
butunlay haq(li) 2) to ‘g ‘ri,
take ~ yuz bermoq, sodir
aniq; my watch is ~ mening
b o ‘lmoq; 2. v o ‘matmoq;
soatim to ‘g ‘ri yuradi 3. adv 1)
joylashtirmoq; q o ‘ymoq
to‘g ‘ri; you did ~ sen to ‘g ‘ri
plan /p la e n / 1. n reja; 2. v 1) qilding 2) aniq, aynan, rosa;
rejalashtirmoq 2) o ‘ylamoq 3)
run /глп/ v (ran; run) 1) chop-
k o ‘zda tutmoq, m o‘ljallamoq
moq, yugurmoq; 2) (avtobus va
h) yurmoq; does the bus ~

135
 along this street? avtobus shu ~? nega shunday? 2) shunday,
ko‘chadan yuradimi? shu qadar; 2. cj 1) shuning
same /se im / pron xuddi o ‘sha; uchun, shu sababli / tufayli; 2):
bir xil; all the just the so ... as (sifat bilan qo'llani-
much the ~ bir xil, bari bir, ladi): -day, -dek; the film was
farqi yo ‘q; it is all the ~ to me not ~ good as I expected film
menga farqi y o ‘q men kutganday yaxshi emas
say /s e i/ v (said) aytmoq, demoq edi 3): so ... that shunday,
school /sku:l/ n maktab shunchalik, shu qadar
see /si:/ v (saw; seen) k o ‘rmoq; some /saiti/ I. a 1) ba’zi;
to come to ~ k o‘rgani kelmoq; qandaydir; 2) bir oz, birmun-
to ~ in kutib olmoq, peshvoz cha; ~ more yana 2. pron indef
chiqmoq; to ~ off kuzatib 1) qandaydir; biror(ta); 2) bir
q o ‘ymoq (ketayotgan odamni); qancha, bir nechta: ~ days bir
I ~ tushunarli, tushunaman; let necha kun
me ~ o ‘ylab k o‘ray! stand /staend/ v (stood) turmoq
seem /si:m / v b o‘lib k o ‘rinmoq, state /ste it/ 1. я 1) ahvol, holat,
tuyulmoq sharoit 2) mamlakat, davlat,
set /se t/ 1. n to ‘plam, komplekt; shtat; 2. v izohlamoq, sharhla-
2. v q o‘ymoq, joyla(shtir)moq; moq
to ~ the table dasturxon tuza- still /stil/ 1. a 1) sokin, jimjit;
moq harakatsiz, q o‘z g ‘almas; sit ~
she //i:/ u (qiz bola) jim o ‘tir; 2) gazlanmagan
should //u d / 1 . shall f e ’lining (suv); 2. adv hanuz, hamon,
hali ham; is he ~ here? и hali
past shakli 2. mod. v. lozim,
kerak, shart ham shu yerdami?

show //э и / 1. n 1) shou, such /sAtJV a shunday, bunday;

k o ‘rsatuv; tomosha 2) seans
on ~ a day shunday kunda
(kinoda) 2. v (showed; system /'sistim / n tizim, siste-
showed, shown) ko‘rsatmoq ma; tuzum
since /sin s/ 1 . prep -dan beri, - take /teik / v (took; taken) 1) ol­
dan buyon; ~ then o ‘shandan moq; to ~ a book kitobni
beri; 2. cj tufayli, uchun olmoq; to ~ off the table stolni
small /srm :l/ a kichik, mitti, jajji / dasturxonni y ig ‘ishtirmoq 2)
olmoq, talab qilmoq, ketmoq
so /sa u / 1 . adv 1) shunday
(vaqt haqida); it will ~ a long
(qilib); is that ~? shundaymi?;
time bu k o ‘p vaqtni oladi
if ~ shunday b o‘lsa; I think ~
3) olib bormoq (biror joyga);
men shunday (deb) o ‘ylayman;
7) ichmoq, yemoq, iste’mol
he said ~ и shunday dedi; why

136
 qilmoq; to ~ medicine dori they /5 e i/ pron ular; ~ are here
ichmoq to ~ off a) yechm oq b) ular shu yerda; ~ say aytishla-
yerdan ko‘tarilmoq (samolyot)\ richa, deydilarki
to ~ out chiqarmoq thing /0ir]/ n 1) narsa; 2) ish
tell /tel/ v (told) 1) aytmoq, think /0ir]k/ v o ‘ylamoq; xayol
demoq; aytib / gapirib bermoq; surmoq
than /баеп/ k o‘ra, nisbatan, qara- this /b is/ pron bu, shu, manavi
ganda those /5au z/ p i q that
that /daet/ 1. pron u, o ‘sha, through /0ru:/ 1) orasidan, or-
haligi, boyagi; 2. cj -ni, -ki; I qali, -dan; 2) (vaqt haqida) da -
know ~ you are right men vomida, -gacha; ~ the night
sizning haqligingizni bilaman tuni bilan, butun tun davomida
the /'5i:a/ aniq artikl, 1) so'zlov- 3) boshidan oxirigacha
chi va tinglovchiga та ’lum time /taim / n 1) vaqt, payt; free
shaxs va narsalar oldidan (lost) ~ b o‘sh vaqt; 2) davr,
ishlatiladi\ you may take the zamon; once upon a ~ bir
book sen (bu) kitobni olishing zamonlar / qadim zamonlarda;
mumkin dunyoda yagona jism- 3) marta, safar, gal; first ~
lar, daryo, dengiz, ocean, tog ' birinchi marta
tizmalari va h. nomlari oldidan
to /tu / prep -ga, -gacha; to
ish-di: the sun quyosh; the
Tashkent Toshkentga(cha)
Narin Norin (daryo) 2)
from Monday to Saturday
otlashgan sifat yoki sifatdosh
dushanbadan shanbagacha
bilan ко ‘p lik та 'noda ish-di:
too /tu:/ adv 1) ham; 2) juda
the rich boylar
(ham), o ‘ta, haddan tashqari
then /Sen/ adv 1) o ‘shanda; by ~
turn /tain / 1. n 1) aylanish; 2)
o ‘sha paytgacha; 2) keyin; 3)
burilish, qayilish; 3) navbat; it
unda, unday b o ‘Isa
is your ~ now endi sizning
there /5 е э/ adv 1) o ‘sha yerda, u
navbatingiz; 2. v 1) bur(il)moq;
yerda; 2) u yoqqa, u yerga
2) aylan(tir)moq; to ~ red
(yo 'nalish); 3) mana, ana; ~ he
qizarmoq to ~ on yoqmoq;
is! ana u!; ~ he comes! ana u
q o‘shmoq, ulamoq; to ~ off
kelayapti!; ~ it is! mana, mar-
o ‘chir-moq, to ‘xtatmoq; to ~
hamat! 4): ~ “be” bor, turibdi
down (ovozini) pasaytirmoq
deb tarjima qilinadi; ~ is a
under /'Anda/ prep 1) tagida,
letter for you sizga xat bor;
ostida;
these /Ъ\:г/ pron bu(lar)
up /лр/ prep pastdan yuqoriga
bo'lgan harakatni bildiradi: -
ga, -dan, yuqoriga; to go ~ a

137
 ladder narvondan k o ‘tarilmoq; time is it? soat necha? 3) kim?
2) ~ to -gacha, -ga qadar; up to (kasb so ‘raganda)
now hozirgacha come up to when /w en/ qachon;
me oldimga kel your time is ~ where /w ea/ qayer(ga, -da)
vaqting tugadi; to eat ~ yeb
which /w itj/ qaysi
bitirmoq, yeb q o‘ymoq; it’s ~
while /w ail/ paytda; -gacha,
to you bu sizga bog‘liq; what’s
-guncha
up? nima gap? / tinchlikmi?
who /h u:/ pron (obj whom)
use /ju:s / n 1) q o‘lla(nili)sh; the
kim; kimni; kimga?
~ of ishlatish, foydalanish; 2)
foyda, naf; to be of (no) ~ will /w il/ 1. я 1) iroda; 2) ixtiyor,
erk; xohish, istak 2. v (would)
foydali (foydasiz) b o‘lmoq;
what’s the ~? nima foydasi kelasi zamonni yasovchi yor-
bor?; is there any ~? Arzirmi- damchi f e ’l \ l ~ call you sizga
q o‘ng‘iroq qilaman
kan?/ma’ni bormi? 2. v /ju:z/
q o ‘llamoq, ishlatmoq, foyda- with /w i5/ prep bilan, birga(lik-
lanmoq da); yordamida
very /'veri/ 1) juda; 2) (the, this, without /wi'Saut/ prep -siz; ~
that va egalik olmoshlaridan money pulsiz without saying
keyin) xuddi, o ‘sha (o ‘zi), ay- goodbye xayr demasdan
nan o ‘sha word /wa:d/ n so ‘z
want /wont/ v xohlamoq work /w a :k /l. n 1) ish; to be at
~ ish-da b o‘lmoq 2) mehnat;
way /w ei/ n 1) y o ‘l; 2) y o ‘l, usul
physical / mental ~ jism oniy /
we /w i:/ pron biz
aqliy mehnat; out of ~ buzuq 3)
well /w el/ 1. a (better; best) 1)
asar; the ~s of Navai N avoiy
so g ‘, tuzuk; 2) yaxshi; to feel ~
asarlari 2. v ishlamoq
o ‘zini yaxshi his etmoq 2. adv
world /waild/ n dunyo, jahon
(better; best) 1) yaxshi; ~
done! yasha(vor) /qoyil! 2) int would /w ud/ v past of will
qani, ha, x o ‘sh (ajablanish, write /rait/ v (wrote; written)
shubha, ikkilanish, xavotir yozmoq; to ~ down yozib o l­
kabilami bildiradi); what moq; to ~ out ko‘chirib olmoq;
next? x o ‘sh, endi nima? as ~ year /jia/ n yil
ham, yana, ustiga ustak you /ju/ pron siz, sizni, sizga;
what /wot/ pron 1) nima; ~ is sen, seni, senga
this? bu nima? 2) qanday, ne- your /jo:/ pron sizning, sening
cha, nechanchi; ~ day is (it) yours /jD:z/ pron sizniki, seniki
today? bugun qanday kun?; ~ yourself /jDi'self/ pron (pi -ves)
o ‘zing, o ‘zingiz

138
 Ko‘p qoilanadigan idiomalar
Common English Idioms

Nutqingizni yanada chiroyli va rang-barang b o ‘lishi

uchun chiroyli iboralar va birikm alam i bilishingiz juda
q o ‘l keladi. Quyida ingliz tilida idioma (idiom) deb
ataluvchi shunday iboralar keltirilgan. U lam ing har biri
bilan berilgan m isollar yordam ida ulam i nutqda q o ila sh n i
o ‘rganing:
1. as easy as pie = very easy (same as "a piece of
cake") - juda оson Ф It is not a difficult w ork as you
said. It seems as easy as pie to me! - Bu siz
aytganchalik qiyin ish emas ekan. Menga xamirdan qil
sug ‘urganday oson tuyulyapti.
2. be sick and tired o f = I hate (also can't stand) - joniga
tegmoq, bezmoq, hiqildogiga kelmoq, bezor bo'lmoq
9 I'm sick and tired o f doing the same thing every
day. - Har kuni bir xil ish qilish jonimga tegdi.
3. bend over backwards = try very hard - qattiq urinmoq,
zo V bermoq, jonini jabborga berib tirishmoq
Ф He bent over backwards to persuade me, but I
didn’t agree. - U z o ‘r berib meni ко ‘ndirishga urindi,
lekin men unamadim.
4. bite off more than one can chew - imkoniyatidan
ziyod ishni zimmasiga olmoq Q John is so far behind in
his studies. Besides classes, he plays sports and works
at a part-tim e job. It seems he has bitten off m ore than
he can chew.
5. be broke = to have no m oney - puli yo ‘q bo Imoq,
hemiri ham qolmaslik, “qurib qolmoq ” ® I have to
borrow some m oney from m y Dad. Right now,
I'm broke. - Dadamdan pul olishim kerak. Ayni paytda
“qurib qoldim ”.

139
6. change one's mind - fikrini/qarorini о ‘zgartirmoq,
fikridan qaytmoqQl was going to work late tonight,
but 1 changed my mind. I ’ll go to see my parents.
- Kechqurungacha ishlamoqchi edim, lekin fikrimdan
qaytdim. Ota-onamni ко ‘rgani boraman.
7. Cut it out! = stop doing something bad - Bas qil! Ф I’m
fed up with your noise. Cut it out! - Baqir-chaqir-
laring jonimga tegdi. Bo ‘Idi, bas qillaring!
8. drop som eone a line = send a letter or email to
someone - xat yoki email jo ‘natmoq 9 Drop me a
line when you have time. - Vaqting bo ‘Iganda xat yo-
zib tur.
9. figure something out = come to understand a problem
- muammoni tushunmoq, aqli yetmoq, kalavaning
uchini topmoqQl don't understand how to do this
problem. Take/have a look at it. Maybe you can figure
it out. - Men bu muammoni qanday hal qilishni
tushunmayapman. Qarab ко ‘r-chi. Ehtimol sening
aqling yetar.
10. fill in for someone - biror kim yo'qligida o'rniga
ishlab turmoq, о ‘mini bilintirmay turmoq 9 W hile I
was away from the store, my brother filled in for me.
- Men d o ‘konda yo'qligimda ukam o ‘rnimga ishlab
turdi.
11. for ages (AE in a g e s ) - ancha vaqtdan beri,
qachonlardan buyon Ъ Have you seen Ali recently? I
haven't seen him for / in ages. - Ali yaqin orada
ко ‘rdingmi? Men uni qachonlardan beri ко ‘rmayman.
12. give som eone a h a n d = help - yordam bermoqQl
can’t solve this equation. Can you give me a hand?
- Men shu tenglamani yecha olmayapman. Yordam-
lashvorasanmi?

140
13. hit the hay = go to bed (also "hit the sack") - uxlash-
gayotmoq 9 It's after 12 o ‘clock. I think it's time to hit
the hay. — Soat о ‘n ikkidan oshibdi. Menimcha,
uxlaydigan payt bo ‘Idi.
14. in the black - ishi yurishmoq, foyda k o ‘rm oqe Our
business is really improving. W e've been in the
black all year. - Biznesimiz rivojlanyapti. Yil bo yi
ishimiz yurishdi/foydada b o 'Idik.
15. in the r e d - ishi yurishmaslik, zarar ko'rmoq
9 Business is really going poorly these days. W e've
been in the red for the past three months. - Shu kunlar-
da ish juda sust ketyapti. Oxirgi uch oy zarar ко ‘rdik.
16. in the nick o f tim e - eng s o ‘nggi daqiqada, taqab,
arangQ l got to the drugstore just in the nick of time.
It's a good thing, because I really need this medicine!
- Dorixonaga eng oxirgi daqiqada yetib bordim. Yax-
shi bo ‘Idi, chunki bu dori menga juda kerak edi!
17. keep one’s chin u p - astoydil b o ‘lmoq, bardam
bo'lmoq, o ‘zini tutm o q 9 \ know things have been
difficult for you recently, but keep your chin up. It
will get better soon. - Bilaman, oxirgi paytda senga
qiyin bo ‘Idi, lekin bardam bo 7. tezda yaxshi bo ‘ladi.
18. know som ething like the back o f your hand - besh
qo 'Iday bilmoq 9 I know this part o f town like the
back o f my hand. - Men shaharning bu qismini besh
qo 'limday bilaman.
19. once in a w hile - ba ’zan, onda-sonda 9 W e meet once
in a while. He lives far from me.
20. sharp - roppa-rosa 9 I'll m eet you at 9 o ‘clock sharp.
- Men sen bilan roppa-rosa 9 da uchrashaman.
21. sleep on it - obdon о у lab ко ‘rmoq 9 That sounds like
a good deal, but I'd like to sleep on it before I give you

141
 my final decision. - Yaxshi ishga о ‘xshaydi, lekin sizga
so ‘nggi qarorimni aytishdan avval obdon о ‘y lab olay.
22. take it easy - 1) dam olmoq; 2) xotirjam bo'lmoq,
parvo qi/maslik О I don't have any special plans for the
summer. I think I'll ju st take it easy. - Yozga hech bir
alohida rejam yo ‘q. Menimcha, shunchaki dam olaman.
23. to get the ball rolling - (biror katta ishni) boshlamoq,
kirishmoq 0 We need to get this project started as soon
as possible. I'm hoping you will help me get the ball
rolling. - Bu loyihani imkon boricha tez boshlashimiz
kerak. Ishni boshlashda yordamingizdan umid qilaman.
24. up to the minute - eng so ‘nggi, engyangi 9 W e need
more up to the minute news. - Bizga eng so ‘nggi
yangilik kerak.
25. twenty-four/seven - kechayu-kunduz, sutka mobayni-
da, istagan paytingizda © Y ou can access our web
site 24/7. It's very convenient! - Web saytimizga ista­
gan paytingizda kirishingiz mumkin. Bu juda qulay!
26. all of a sudden - birdan, kutilmaganda, dab-
durustdan 9 He had ju st gone to bed when all of a
sudden the phone rang. —Dabdurustdan telefon jiring-
laganda и endi yotgandi.
27. be all ears - bor vujudi quloqqa aylanib, diqqat bilan,
eshitishga tayyor © Go ahead and speak. I'm all ears!
- Gapiravering. Men diqqat bilan eshityapman.
28. be fed up with - to ‘y ib ketmoq, joniga tegmoq,
bezmoq, hiqildog ‘iga kelmoq, bezor bo ‘Imoq 9 I'm fed
up with this car. I w ant to buy a new one. - Bu mashi-
na jonimga tegdi. Yangisini sotib olmoqchiman.
29. to bu g= to bother someone (AE) - jig'iga tegmoq,
gashiga tegmoq 9 Hey, stop tapping your fingers. It's
really bugging me! - Hoy, tiqirlatishni bas qil. Juda
g ‘ashimga tegyapti.

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30. a cinch - juda oson ish, “pista chaqish ” 9 It is a
cinch for me. - Bu menga pista chaqishday’ gap.
31. cost an arm and a l e g - juda qimmat, “naq teringni
shilib oladi ” 9 I'd really like a new car, but they all cost
an arm and a leg. —Men yangi mashina xohlayman,
lekin barijuda qimmat/ naq teringni shilib oladi”.
32. to cram - imtihonga yaqin qattiq о ‘qimoq, mukkasi-
dan ketib о ‘qimoq, tish-tirnog‘i bilan о ‘qimoq, kitob-
dan boshini ко ‘tarmaslik 9 If you had studied hard for
the past four m onths, you w ouldn't have to cram so
much this weekend. - О ‘tgan to ‘rt oyda qattiq о ‘qigan
bo ‘Isang, shu shanba-yakshanbada kitobga mukka
tushib olmasang ham bo ‘lardi.
33. fresh out of som ething - tugatib qo ‘ymoq, yo ‘q bo 7-
moq 9 1 have to go buy some m ore milk. It seems
we're fresh out now. - Men yana sut sotvolishga boris-
him kerak. Hozir tugatganga о ‘xshaymiz.
34. to get it {often negative) - tushunmoq 9 W hat did the
teacher say? I didn't get it. Did you? - Ustoz nima
dedi? Men tushunmay qoldim. Tushundingmi?
35. got a m inute? = Do you have tim e right now? - Hozir
bo ‘shmisan? 9 Hey, Soli, got a m inute? I have
something to show you. - Hoy, Soli, hozir b o ‘shmi­
san? Senga ко ‘rsatadigan narsam bor.
36. grab a bite to eat - tezda biror narsa yeb olmoq,
naridan-beri tamaddi qilmoq 9 I'm going to go g rab a
bite. I'll be back in a few minutes. - Men tamaddi qilib
olishga ketyapman. Bir necha daqiqada qayta-man.
37. drive someone up a wall (or "drive someone crazy")
- juda jahlini chiqarmoq, asabiga tegmoq, qoniga
tashna qilmoq 9 M y neiughbor practices the piano
every night, but he's terrible. It's driving me up the

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 wall! - Qo'shnim har kecha pianino mashq qiladi,
lekin и dahshat. Qonimga tashna qilvoryapti!
38. to hang on = to wait - kutmoq 9 H ang on a few
minutes. - Bir necha daqiqa kutib turing.
39. h a rd headed = stubborn - qaysar, о ja r 9 He's
so h a rd headed! - Ujuda qaysar!
40. have a change of h e art - qarorini о ‘zgartirmoq,
ahdidan qaytmoq 9 1 thought I would change jobs, but
now that m y boss is treating me with more respect, I've
had a change of heart. - Men ishimni о ‘zgartirishni
oylagandim, lekin hozir boshlig'im menga ancha
hurmat ко ‘rsatgani uchun ahdimdan qaytdim
41. have mixed feelings about so m e th in g - muhmal
tushunchada bo ‘Imoq, aniq bir gap ayta olmaslik, bir
nima deyishga hayron bo ‘Imoq 9 1 have mixed
feelings about Joe. He's a very good teacher, but he has
a very strange sense o f humor! - Jo haqida bir nima
deya olmayman. U juda yaxshi о ‘qituvchi, lekin juda
g ‘alati hazilkash fe ’li bor-da!
42. head out for - uzoq safarga otlanmoq
9 W e're heading out for the countryside to pick some
apples. W ould you like to jo in us? - Biz qishloqqa olma
tergani yo ‘Iga chiqyapmiz. Bizga qo ‘shilasanmi?
43. How come? = W hy? / How? - nima uchun? Qanaqa-
siga? 9 How come y o u ’re back so early? - Nega bun-
cha erta qaytding?
44. keep in touch {or "stay in touch") - aloqada b o ‘lib
turmoq, bog ‘lanib turmoq, xabarlashib turmoq 9 Don't
forget to keep in touch w ith me by letter or by phone.
I’ll miss you. - Men bilan xabarlashib turishni
unutmagin. Seni sog ‘inib qolaman.
45. be kidding - hazillashmoq 9 It isn’t true, h e’s
ju st kidding! - Bu rostmas, и hazillashyapti!

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46. look down on - past nazar bilan qaramoq, mensimas-
lik, oyoq uchida ко ‘rsatmoq 9 We shouldn't look down
on people just because they don't have as m uch m oney
as we do. - Odamlarga bizchalik puldor bo'lmagani
uchun past nazar bilan qaramasligimiz kerak.
47. make ends meet (often used negatively) - arang tirik-
chilik о ‘tkazmoq, qo 7 uchida кип ко ‘rmoq, tirikchilikka
zo ‘rg ‘a yetkazmoq 9 Even though I make m ore money
than last year, we ju st can't seem to m ake ends meet.
— O'tgan yilgidan koproq pul topsam ham
tirkchilikdan orttiradiganga о ‘xshamaymiz.
48. miss the boat = to miss an opportunity - imkoniyatni
qo ‘Idan boy bermoq, “quruq qolmoq ” 0 The sale ends
today at noon. If we don't hurry, we're going to miss
the boat! - Bozor bugun tushda tugaydi. Shoshilmasak,
"quruq qolamiz ”.
49. next to nothing - suv(day) tekinga, arzimagan pulga,
juda arzonQ l w ent to the new discount store and
bought these new shoes for only five dollars.
That's next to nothing! - Men arzon magazinga borib
manavi tuflini atiga besh dollarga sotib oldim.
Suvtekin-ku!
50. add fuel to the flames - olovga moy sepmoq, о ‘Igan-
ning ustiga tepganday qilmoq 9 He forgot their
wedding anniversary, and his apologies only added
fuel to the flames. - U to ‘y kunini unutib qo'ydi, va
uzri faqat olovga moy sepganday bo ‘Idi, xolos.
51. be all ears - bor vujudi bilan tinglamoq, butun vujudi
quloqqa aylanmoq 9 OK, you can go on - I’m all ears!
- Yaxshi, davom etavering, qulog ‘im sizda.
52. answ er call of n ature / n a tu re ’s call - hojatga
chiqmoq 9 1 had to get up in the middle o f the night to
answer the call o f nature.

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 Qanday qilib so6zlashuv malakasini va so6z
boyligini oson, tez va samarali oshirish
mumkin?!
1-M A SLA H A T
So‘z boyligini oshirishning eng zo ‘r y o ‘li ingliz tilidagi
m atnlam i o ‘qish va tarjim a qilishdir. M atnda uchragan
yangi so‘zlam ing m a’nosini tushinishingiz va esda saqlab
qolishingiz ju d a oson b o ‘ladi. Siz har xil mavzudagi mate-
riallam i k o ‘plab o ‘qishingiz kerak. Hozirgi kunda internet
sharofati bilan bunday m ateriallam i toppish unchalik m u-
am mo emas, albatta. Yana shuni aytib o ‘tish lozimki,
m atnlam i so ‘z boyligiga qarab darajalarga ( level) ajratila-
di. M asalan, A level eng oson yoki eng quyi daraja, В level
undan m urakkabroq va h. m atnlam i tanlashda shunga e ’ti-
bor berishingiz kerak. Har xil latifalar (jokes), qiziqarli hi-
koyalam i (funny stories), keyin gazeta va jum allardagi
turli m aqolalam i sizga tavsiya qilishim iz mimkin.
M atn bilan ishlaganda quyidagi 4 bosqich amalni
bajarishga harakat qiling:
1-bosqich. N otanish so ‘zning faqat shu matndagi
m a’nosini oling, uni tushinib, k o ‘z oldingizga, y a’ni
tasaw uringizga keltiring. M atn yoki gap mazmunini
tushinishingiz bunda sizga yordam b o ‘ladi. K o‘pchilik
talabalar so ‘zlam i inglizcha-o‘zbekcha lug‘at-ro‘yxatdan
yodlashga harakat qiladi. Bunda b a ’zi m uam m o va
qiyinchiliklarga duch kelinadi: 1-dan, bunday yodlash
bilan so‘z m a’nolarini eslab qolish juda qiyin. 2-dan,
bunday usul bilan so ‘zlam ing gapda q o ‘llanilishini bilib
b o ‘lmaydi, va hatto har qancha k o ‘p so‘z yodlagan bilan
uni m uom alada qo‘llay olm aslik mumkin.
2-bosqich. L ug‘at bilan mustaqil yoki sherik b o ‘lib
ishlash. Oq qog‘oz oling va uni ikkga buklang. M atnni
o ‘qish barobarida yangi so‘z va jum lalam i qog‘ozning

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Г

chap tarafiga, ulam ing m a’nosini o ‘ng tarafga yozing.

R o‘yxatni yozib b o ‘lgach, so‘zga qarab uning m a’nosini
yoddan ayting va o ‘ng tarafga qarab tekshiring, yoki
aksincha, m a’nosiga qarab so ‘z yoki jum lani yoddan
aytishga harakat qiling. Agar sherigingiz b o is a u bilan
shu tarzda savol-javob qiling.
3-bosqich. Yangi so ‘z bilan u ishlatilgan gapni misol
tariqasida yozing. Bu siz uchun lu g ‘at-ro‘xat qilgandan
foydaliroq, chunki gapda siz so‘zning qanday m a ’no
anglatishini anglab turasiz va uni gapda ishlatilishini ham
o ‘rganib borasiz. U shbu yozganingizni yoningizda olib
yurishingiz va yurgan y o ‘lingizda, b o ‘sh vaqtingizda,
avtobusdam i yoki biror joyda b o ‘lganingizda ham
takrorlab yurishingiz mumkin. M isollam i ovoz chiqarib
aytishingiz talaffiizingiz shakllanishi va tilingiz m oslashi-
shiga yordam beradi.
4-bosqich. Va nihoyat matnni qaytadan o ‘qib chiqing.
Ana ko‘rdingizm i, endi matn siz uchun qanchalar oson
b o ‘lib qolganini? Endi siz matndagi so ‘z va jum lalam i
k o ‘rganda yana ham kuchliroq ta sa w u r qila boshlaysiz.
Bu sizning ayni inglizlarday o ‘rgayotganingizdir!
2-M A SLA H A T
Ingliz tilida og‘zaki nutqingizni oshirishning eng yaxshi
usulini o ‘rganishni istaysizmi? U nday b o is a , TING-
LANG! Ha, to ‘g‘ri, tinglang! Siz har kuni ingliz tilidagi
m atnlam i ozgina-ozginadan b o is a -d a tinglashni odat
qiling. Siz o g ‘zaki nutq borasida ju d a qisqa vaqt ichida
ajoyib natijaga erishishingiz m um kin, FAQ AT har kuni
tinglash bilan.
Ehsitish qanday qilib so ‘zlashga yordam berishi
mum kin deysizmi? A xir misol bilan o ‘rganish oson-ku!
0 ‘z ona tilim izni ham ota-onamiz, yaqinlarim iz, ustozlari-
m iz va do‘stlarimizni tinglash bilan o ‘rganganmiz. G o‘-

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dakligim izda bor vujudim iz bilan tinglab, eshitganim izni
garchi uddalay olm asak-da takrorlashga uringanm iz va
to ‘gri, tekis va ravon ayta olgunim izcha, takrorlaganm iz.
A trofim izdagilam ing kulgusini oddiy voqea sifatida kulgu
bilan qabul qilganmiz, va takrorlashdan to ‘xtamaganm iz.
Nimani va qanday tinglash kerak? Bu savol biroz
g ‘alatiroq tuyulishi mum kin, lekin tabiiy. Tinglashni bosh-
lashda a w a l ovozli lug‘atlardan so‘zlam i tinglash kerak,
keyin jum la va gaplarga, sekin-asta matn va hikoyalarga
o ‘tish kerak.
Eng asosisiysi, tinglang, qaytaring, tinglang, qaytaring,
tinglang, qaytaring.
Boshlanishda agar ulam ing yozilgan m atniga qarab
tursangiz yanada yaxshi b o ‘ladi. Ancha y o‘lga tushib
olgach, turli mavzulardagi m ateriallam i tinglang. Eng
m uhim i o ‘zingiz qiziqqan mavzudagi m ateriallar b o ‘lsa
yana ham yaxshi, chunki qayta-qayta eshitish joningizga
tegmaydi. Tilni o ‘rgatish uchun m o ‘ljallangan turli audio
va video materiallar, subtitrli kinofilm lar ham bu borada
sizga ju d a q o ‘l keladi. Subtitr yordamida siz so ‘zlam ing
yozilishi va ulam ing talaffuzini o ‘rganasiz.
Bir oz b o is a -d a m alakaga ega b o ‘lgach, subtitrsiz yoki
yozuvni berkitib eshitish malakangiz qay darajada ekanini
tekshirib к о ‘ring.
Ehsitish barobarida ovoz chiqarm asdan, lablaringizni
qim irlatib eshitganlaringizni birgalikda takrorlab boring.
Bu sizga bir vaqtning o ‘zida ham eshitish, va ham
so‘zlashishga m ashq b o ‘ladi.
3-M A SL A H A T . 0 ‘zingizga ingliz tilida so ‘zlashadi-
gan suhbatdosh toping. M asalan, o ‘rtog‘ingiz yoki dugo-
nangiz bilan ingliz tilida bilganlaringizni gaplashishni odat
qiling. Yana ham eng m uhim i, inglizlar bilan suhbat-
lashishga harakat qiling. Buning um um an iloji y o ‘q,

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deysizmi? Also unday emas! Bunda ham sizga internet
juda qo‘l kelsihini unutm ang. U orqali o ‘zingizga suhbat-
dosh toping va suhbatlashishga harakat qiling.

So‘z boyligini oshirishda sam ara beruvchi usullar.

So‘z boyligini oshirishda tezroq natijaga erishish uchun
so‘zlam ing yasalishi, so ‘z yasovchi q o ‘shim chalar va
so‘zlam ing kelib chiqishini bilish ham juda yaxshi natija
beradi. Quyida e ’tiboringizga ana o ‘shalar haqida
m a’lumot beramiz:

Eng ko‘p qo‘llanadigan old qo‘shim chalar

1. “an ti-” - zid, qarshi, yot, aksil

antisocial /'aenti'saujal/ - odamovi, odamga q o‘shilmaydigan, birovga
k o ‘nglini yormaydigan; ♦ He has been very antisocial since his w ife
died. - U xotini о ‘Igandan beri juda odamovi bo 'lib qolgan.
antislavery /.aenti'sleivari/ - qullikka qarshi; ♦ antislavery movement
to end slavery - qullikka barham berish uchun qullikka qarshi
harakat
antiwar /.aenti'wD:/ - urushga qarshi (qaratilgan) ♦ Antiwar protesters
went to Washington to persuade the President to stop sending
soldiers abroad. - Urushga qarshi namoyishchilar askarlami xirijga
yubormaslikka prezidentni ко ‘ndirish uchun Vashingtonga borishdi.
antibacterial /.aentibaek'tiarial/ - antibakterial
antispam software - antispam dastur
antonym /'aentaumm/ - antonim, qarama-qarshi m a’noli so ‘z
antibiotic /'aentibai'Dtik/ - antibiotik
antifreeze /'aentifri:z/ - antifriz, muzlashga qarshi suyuqlik
antibody /'aenti.bDdi/ - antitana, inson tanasida kasallikka qashi kura-
shuvchi vosita
2. “b i-”, “b in-” - ikkita, q o‘sh
bicycle /'baisikl/ - velosiped
bilingual /bai'liqgwal/ - ikki tilli, zullisonayn
binoculars /bi'rokjulaz/ - binokl, q o‘sh durbin
binary /'bainari/ - q o‘sh, ikkili, juft, binary, ikkilangan, q o ‘sh

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 qavatli/qatorli
bifocals /'bai'faukalz/ - ikkita linzali k o‘zoynak, ikki fokusli/bifocal
k o ‘zoynak
bigamy /'bigarm/ - ikki nikohli (erkak yoki ayol)
biannually /bai'aenjual/ - yiliga ikki marta, bir yilda ikki marta
biped /'baiped/ - ikki oyoqda yuradigan (jonzotlar)
binomial /bai'naumjal/ - binom, ikkihadli tenglama
lekin biology /bai'Dlad3 i/ so ‘zi “b io” - hayot o ‘zagidan yasalgan.
3. “d u -”, “d i-” - ikki(langan), q o‘sh, juft
duo /'dju:au/ - duet
duplicate /'djuiplikit/ - nusxa, kopiya, dublikat
dioxide /dai'Dksaid/ - dioksid
duplicity /dju:'plisiti/ - ikkiyuzlamachilik, munofiqlik
duel /'djuial/ - duel
duet /djui'et/ - duet
dialogue /'d aiab g/ - dialog, ikki kishilik suhbat
dissect /di'sekt/ - ikkiga b o‘lmoq, kesmoq, qiymoq, tilmoq,
tilimlamoq, yormoq
diverge /dai'va:d 3 / - 1) bir-biridan farq qilmoq, ajralib turmoq; ikki zil
fikrda b o‘lmoq; 2) (y o ‘1) ikkiga ayrilmoq, ajralmoq, ayro tushmoq
lekin diary /'daiari/ so ‘zi “d ia” = “day” - кип o ‘zagidan yasalgan
4. “tri-” - uch(tali)
tricycle /'traisikl/ - uch g ‘ildirakli velosiped, motosikl va h.
triple /'tripl/ - uchlangan, uch hissa k o ‘p, uch qavatli/qatorli, uchtali
triangle /'traiaeqgl/ - uchburchak
triplets / ‘triplits/ - uch(talik) egizak
tripod /'traipDd/ - uchoyoq, kamera uchun uch oyoqli jihoz
triangular /trai'aerjgjula/ - uchburchaksimon
triathlon /trai'aeBbn/ - yugurish, suzish va velosiped minishdan iborat
sport musobaqasi
trio /'tri:ou/ - trio, uch kishilik guruh
5. “m ono-” - mono, bir, yakka, bittali
m onopoly /ma'nDpali/ - monopoliya
monotony /ma'nDtni/ - 1) monoton, bir ovoz; 2) bir xillik, zeriktiruv-
chi
monotonous /m a'm tnas/ - 1) monotonli, bir ovozli; 2) hamisha bir xil,
zeriktiradigan ♦ That m ovie was so monotonous! - Kino juda

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 zeriktiradigan ekan. I can't live with the monotony o f a typical office
job. - Hami-sha bir xil idora ishiga toqatim yo ‘q.
monotheism /'m3nau0i:,izm/ - yakkaxudolik ♦ Islam, Christianity, and
Judaeism are all monotheistic religions. - Islom, nasroniylik va
yahudiylik barchasi yakkaxudolik dinlaridir.
monorail /'monaureil/ - monorels (bir izli osma y o ‘l); monorelsda
yuradigan poyezd
m onologue /'rm nabg/ - monolog
monochrome /'monakraum/ - odmi, bir xil rangli, monoxrom, oq-qora
(tasvir, kino, televizor va h.)
m onosyllabic /'monausi'laebik/ - bir b o‘g ‘inli (s o ‘z)
monogram /'monagraem/ - monogramma (jomadon, kiyim va h. da
ismi, otasining ismi va familiyasining bosh harflaridan tuzilgan
bezakli yozuv)
m onogamy /т э 'п о д э г т / - bir nikohli
monarch /'т эп эк / - monarx, qirol, yakka hokim
6. “u n-”, “u ni-” - bir, bittali, yakka
unique /ju:'ni:k/- yagona, tanho, kamyob, nodir, beqiyos, tengi y o ‘q
unit /'juinit/ - mavzu; birlik ♦ Please open your books to unit 3.
- Marhamat qilib kitobingizning uchinchi mavzusini oching.
university /ju:n i'va:siti/ - universitet
unity /'juiniti/ - birlik, birdamlik, hamjihatlik
united /'ju'naitid/ - bir, birdam, birlashgan, hamjihat
unicycle /'ju:ni,saik(a)l/ - bir g ‘ildirakli velosiped
universe /'ju:niva:s/ - koinot, borliq
unilateral / ’juini'laetaral/ - biryoqlama, bir tomonlama; yakka tartibda,
mustaqil
unanimous /jui'naemmas/ - bir yoqadan bosh chiqargan, yakdil, bir
ovozdan, hamma m a’qullagan, hamjihatlikda, umumiy
uniform /'juinifoim / {adj.) - bir xil, bir-biriga aynan o ‘xshagan, bir
taxlitdagi, bir qolipdagi
uniform /'ju:nib:m / {noun) - forma, rasmiy kiyim
7. “sem i” / “dem i” / “h em i” =half - yarim
semicircle /'sem i,sa:kl/ - yarim doira ♦ We sat in a semicircle as w e
listened to the teacher talk. - О 'qituvchining gapini eshitish uchun
biz yarim doira bo ‘lib о ‘tirdik.
demigod /'dem igod/ - mif. yarim xudo, yarim inson
hemisphere /'hem isfia/ - yarimshar ♦ Our brain has two hemispheres.

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 - Miyamiz ikkita yarim shardan iborat.
semiannual /'semi'aenjual/ - yarim yillik, har olti oyda bir boMadigan
semisweet /'semi'swiit/ - unchalik shirin emas, biroz shirin
semester /si'm esta/ - semestr, yarim yillik
semicolon /'semi'kaulan/ - (;) belgisi
8. “pre-” / “p ro-” - old, oldin keluvchi
prefix / ' p r ii f ik s / - old q o‘shimcha, prefiks ♦ We can make many new
words by adding prefixes at the beginning. - Biz boshiga old
qo ‘shmchalar qo ‘shib ко ‘p lab yangi so ‘zlar yasashimiz mumkin.
precaution /рп'кэ:/эп/ - ehtiyotkorlik, ehtiyot chorasi, ehtiyot
proceed /pra'sixd/ - davom etmoq, oldinga qarab intilmoq
precede / p ri 's i rd / - (biror voqeadan) oldin yuz bermoq, b o iib o ‘tmoq
precedent /'p r e s id e n t / - pretsedent, o ‘xshash, namuna, qiyos
predict / p r i ' d i k t / - bashorat qilmoq
preexist / ' p r i n g ' z i s t / - avval yashab o ‘tmoq
progress /'p r a u g ra s / noun - taraqqiyot, rivojlanish; muvaffaqiyat
progress /p ra 'g ra s/ verb - rivojlanmoq; muvaffaqiyatga erishmoq
probable /'ргэЬэЫ/ - ehtimoliy, sodir b o iis h ehtimoli bor
probe /praub/ - sinab k o‘rmoq, tekshirib bilmoq
process /' prauses / - qayta ishlamoq
proclaim / p r a 'k l e i m / - ovoza qilmoq, e ’lon qilmoq
proclamation /.p r D k la 'm e iJa n / - e ’lon, deklotatsiya
procure /p ra 'k jua/ - olmoq, sotib olmoq
profess /pra'fes/ - oshkora aytmoq, tan olmoq; e ’tiqod qilmoq
9. “a-” - -da, ustida
to be atop =on top (of) - -da (ustida, tepasida) b o ‘lmoq ♦ be atop a
mountain - tog ‘ cho ‘qqisida bo ‘Imoq.
to go aboard = to get on a ship, boat or airplane - kema, samolyotga
chiqmoq
awash /а'\ло/У - 1) suv yuzasida 2) ivigan, h o‘l ♦ After he won the
lottery, he was awash in both money and in new friends. - U
lotoreyada yutib olgach pulga ham, о ‘rtoqlarga ham “cho ‘mildi ”.
ashore /э'/э:/ = to get o ff a ship - (kemadan) qirg‘oqqa tushmoq
abroad /a'b n :d / - xorijda
aloft /a'b ft/ = up in the air - havoda, yuqorida
ablaze /a'bleiz/ = on fire - olov ichida, yonayotgan
accost /a'kDst/ - shilqimlik qilmoq, xiralik qilmoq

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amid /a'mid/ = in the middle o f - o ‘rtasida
anew /a'nju:/ - qaytadan, boshqatdan, yangitdan
arise /a'raiz/ = to get up - turmoq
await /a'weit/ - kutmoq
10. “as-” = to - -ga, tomonga
ascend /a'send/ = to go up - yuqoriga chiqmoq ♦ It took them three
days to ascend the mountain. - Toqqa chiqish uchun ularga uch кип
vaqt ketdi.
aspire /as'paia/ - intilmoq, harakat qilmoq, payida b o ‘lmoq ♦ She
went to H ollyw ood because she aspired to be an actress. - U aktrisa
bo ‘lishga intilib Hollivudga bordi.
assert /a'sa:t/ - tasdiqlamoq, da’vo qilmoq
assertion /a'sa:Jan/ - tasdiq, isbot ♦ He made the assertion with
com plete confidence, but some people still did not believe him. - U
to ‘la ishonch bilan isbot qildi, lekin ba ’zi odamlar hali ham unga
ishonmaydi.
assure /a'Jua/ - ishontirmoq, tasdiqlamoq; su g‘urta qilmoq; kafolatla-
moq
assault /a'sDilt/ = to attack - tashlanmoq, hujum qilmoq
assemble /a'sem bl/ - y ig ‘(il)moq
assign /э'sain/ - tayinlamoq
assist /a'sist/ - yordam bermoq
astound /as'taund/ - hayron qoldirmoq

Eng ko‘p qo‘llanadigan qo‘shim chalar (suffikslar)

T he M ost Com m on English W ord Endings (suffixes)

1. Shaxs oti yasovchi qo 'shimchalar - -er, -or, -ant, -ent, -ard, -ian, -
ess
teacher /'tiitfa/ - o ‘qituvchi
baker /'beika/ - n o w o y
doctor /'dDkta/ - shifokor
tailor /'teila/ - tikuvchi
wizard /'wizad/ - donishmand; sehrgar
librarian /lai'brearian/ - kutubxonachi
resident /'rezidant/ - doimiy yashovchi shaxs, muqim, rezident
servant /'sa:vant/ - xizmatkor

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waitress /'w eitris/ - offitsiantka
alien /'eiljan/ - o ‘zga sayyoralik
2. Shaxs oti yasovchi qo ‘shimcha - -ist
biologist /bai'olad 3 ist/ - biolog
pacifist /'paesifist/ - patsifist (har qanday urushga qarshi)
communist /'lom junist/ - kommunist
scientist /'saiantist/ - olim
specialist /'spe/alist/ - mutaxssis
optimist /'optim ist/ - optimist, hayotga zavq bilan boquvchi
pessimist /'p esim ist/ - pessimist, hayotga tushkun boquvchi
dentist /'dentist/ - dentist, tish doktori
purist /'pjuarist/ - purist (biror narsani asl holida saqlashga urinuvchi)
realist /'rialist/ - realist, amaliyotchi
idealist /ai'dialist/ - idealist, xayolparast
3. Ish-harakat, jarayon - -ade, -age, -ism , -m ent, -ure
parade /pa'reid/ - parad
blockage / ’bbkids/ - qurshov, to ‘siq; tiqin, tiqilma; bloke-rovka ♦ The
patient had a blockage in his throat, but we were able to help him
start breathing again. - Bemor to-mog ‘ida bo ‘g ‘ilish bo ‘Igandi, lekin
biz uni yana nafas ola boshlashiga yordam bera oldik.
movement /'muivmant/ - harakat
experiment /iks'perimant/ - tajriba, sinov
procedure /pra'si:d 3 a/ - protsedura, bajariladigan ish tartibi, bosqichli
davo lash
seizure /'sk sa/ - istilo, zabt, ishg‘ol, q o ‘lga olish
racism /'reisizm / - irqchilik
sexism /'seksiz(a)m / - seksizm, jinsiy kamsitish
agreement /a'griimant/ - rozilik, kelishuv
4. Material, xom -ashyo, narsa-buyum - -ing
bedding /'bediq/ - yotarjoyga oid ashyo
roofing /'ru:fir)/ - tomga (yopishga) oid ashyo
frosting /'fnstir)/ - shakar qiyomi (tort ustiga)
icing /'aisiQ/ = frosting - shakar qiyomi (tort ustiga)
stuffing /'stAfirj/ - tiqma, tiqilgan yumshoq narsa (yostiq, o'yinchoq-
da)
seating /'sirtirj/ - o ‘rindiq
clothing /'klaubirj/ = clothes - kiyim-kechak

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clipping /'klipit]/ - gazeta va jurnallardan qirqib olingan parcha
seasoning / ’siiznir]/ - ziravor, aralashma
flavoring /'fleivarir]/ - ziravor, aralashma
5. 0 ‘rin-joy oti yasovchi q o ‘shimchalar - -arium, -orium, -ary, -ory
aquarium /a'kweariam/ - akvarium
auditorium /.aidi'tDiriam/ - auditoriya
library /'laibrari/ - kutubxona
laboratory /la'bDratari/ - laboratoriya
museum /mjui'ziam / - muzey
stadium /'steidjam/ - stadion
6. Mavhum ot yasovchilar - -ance, -ence,-tion, -cy, -dom, -ery, -
hood, -ty,--ity, -ness, -ship, -th
avoidance /a'vDidans/ - qochish, o ‘zini chetga olish, o ‘zini olib
qochish
emergency /i'm a:d 3 ansi/ - favqulodda holat, falokat
accuracy /'aekjurasi/ - aniqlik, to ‘g ‘rilik; puxtalik
fluency /'fluiansi/ - ravonlik, silliqlik, mayinlik
frequency /'frirkwansi/ - izchillik
starvation /stai'vei/э п / - ocharchilik, qahatchilik
freedom / ’friidam/ - hurlik, ozodlik, erkinlik
bravery /'breivari/ - jasorat, jasurlik
superiority /sju i.p ian ’a n ti/ - ustunlik, afzallik; ulug‘lik
inferiority /in.fiari'Driti/ - qadr-qimmat, obro‘- e ’tibor; fazilat, xislat
friendliness /'frendlinis/ - d o‘stlik, d o‘stona munosabat, oshnachilik,
xayrixohlik, samimiyat
friendship /'frend/ip/ - d o‘stlik
brotherhood /'brAbahud/ - birodarlik, aka-ukachilik
motherhood /'mAdahud/ - onalik

G re k tilid a n kirgan eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan o 'za k la r

1. cycle - 1)grekchada “halqa, doira, g ild ira k ” т а’nolarini

anglatadi; 2) sikl, davr
cyclone /'saiklaun/ - siklon, quyun, b o‘ron, dovul
recycle /,ri:’saik(a)l/ - qayta ishlamoq
tricycle /'traisikl/ - uch g ‘ildirakli velosiped

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encyclopedia /en ‘saiklau'pi:dja/ - qomus, ensiklopediya
cyclist /'saiklist/ - velosipedchi
unicycle / ’ju:ni,saik(a)l/ - bir g ‘ildirakli velosiped
motorcycle /'mauta'saikl/ - mototsikl, motorli velosiped
cyclops /'saikb ps/ - siklop, bir k o‘zli dev
2. gram / graph - yozm oq, yozuv
diagram /'fautagraif/ - diagramma
photograph /'daiagraem/ - fotograf
autograph /'D:tagra:f/ - dastxat
program /'praugraem/ - dastur
grammar /'graema/ - grammatika
grammophone /'graemafaun/ - grammofon
telegraph /'teligraif/ - telegraf
graphic /'graefik/ - grafika, chizma
graphite /'graefait/ - grafit
graffiti /grae’fiiti/ - devordagi rasm, chizma
seismograph /'saizm agraif/ - seysm ograf
3. phone - tovush, ovoz
telephone /'telifaun/ - telefon
microphone /'maikrafaun/ - mikrofon
phonology /fau'nDlad3 i/ - fonologiya
homophones /'homaufaunz/ - omofonlar, yozilishi har xil, talaffuzi bir
xil so ‘zlar
anglophone /'aer)gla(u)faun/ - anglofon, inglizzabon, ingliz tilida
so ‘zlashuvchi
symphony /'sim fani/ - simfoniya
xylophone /'zailafaun/ - ksilofon
4. photo - yorug‘lik
photograph /'fautagraif/ - foto, fotografiya
telephoto lens /'tela.fautau/ = zoom function - linza
photosynthesis /.fautau'sinBisis/ - fotosintez
photographer /fa'tDgrafa/ - fotograf, suratkash
photon /'fautDn/ - foton, yorug‘lik zarrasi
photocopier /'fautau.k^pia/ - nusxa k o‘chiruvchi apparat
photogenic /,fautau'd 3 enik/ - suratbop
photometer /fau'tDmita/ - fotometr, yorug‘lik kuchini o ‘lchaydigan
asbob

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5. scope - ko‘rmoq
telescope / ‘teliskaup/ - teleskop
m icroscope / ‘maikraskaup/ - mikroskop
stethoscope /'ste0askaup/ - stetoskop
microscopic /.maikras'kopik/ - juda mayda
periscope /'periskaup/ - periskop (suvosti kemasidan suv yuzasini
k o ‘radigan asbob)
horoscope /'horaskaup/ - goroskop
scope out /skaup aut/ - chamalab k o‘rmoq
kaleidoscope /ka'laidaskaup/ - kaleydoskop
6. therm - issiqlik
thermometer /Ga'momita/ - termometr
thermostat /'Gaimastaet/ - termostat
thermos /'Gaimos/ - termos
thermal /'0a:mal (e)/ - termal, termik, issiqlikka oid
thermodynamics /'0a:maudai'naemiks/ - termodinamika
geothermal energy /,d 3 i:au'0 a:mal 'enad3 i/ - yem ing issiqlik q uw ati
thermonuclear /'0a:mau'nju:klia/ - termoyadro(viy)
hypothermia /,haipau'0a:mia/ - gipotermiya, tana haroratining tushib
ketishi
endotherm /'enda(u)0a:m/ - endoterm, issiq qonli jonzot
ectotherm /'ektau0a:m/ - sovuqqonli jonzot
7. arch - eng muhim, eng asosiy
monarch /'гтюпэк/ - monarx, yakka hokim
archenemy / ‘cut/'emmi/ - ashaddiy dushman
archetype /'a:kitaip/ - asl, original; prototip
patriarchs /'peitria:ks/ - patriarx (erkak boshliq)
matriarch /'m eitria:k/- matriarx (ayol boshliq)
anarchy /'aenaki/ - anarxiya, boshboshdoqlik
oligarchy /'Dligaiki/ - oligarxiya, hukumatni boshqaruvchi tor doira
archaeology /,a:ki'Dlad3 i/ - arxeologiya
8. bio - hayot
biography /bai'Dgrafi/ - tarjimai hoi
biology /bai'Dlad3 i/ - biologiya
biopsy /'b a o p si/ - biopsiya
biochemistry /'baiau'kermstri/ - biokimyo

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biodiversity /,baiaudai'va:siti/ - bioxilm a-xillik
biodiesel /,baiau'diz(a)l/ - biodizel
biosphere /'baiasfia/ - biosfera
biodegradable /.baiaudi'greidabal/ - tabiiy/biologik chiriydigan
9. chron - vaqt
chronicle /'knnikl/ - yilnoma, solnoma, tarix
chronic /'k n n ik / - surunkali, odatga aylangan
chronically /'knnik(a)li/ - surunkali tarzda, doimo
synchronized /'siokranaizd/ - sinxronlangan, bir-biriga moslangan
chronological /,k n n a’bd 3 ikal/ - xronoligik, xronologiyaga oid
chronometer /кга'пэтйа/ - juda-juda to‘g ‘ri yuradigan soat
anachronism /a'naekranizm/ - yil hisobi, vaqt kabini xato k o‘rsatish
diachronic /.dAia'komk/ - diaxroniya
10. dem - xalq, odamlar
democracy /di'mDkrasi/ - demokratiya
demographics /,di:ma'graefiks/ - demografik m a’lumotlar
epidemic /.epi'dem ik/ - epidemiya; epidemik
pandemic /paen'demik/ - pandemiya (kata hududga tarqaladigan
epidemik kasallik)
endemic /en'dem ik/ - endemik, mahalliy, jaydari
demonstration /.demans'treijan/ - namoyish
demagogue /'demagog/ - demagog, safsataboz

Lotin tilidan kirgan eng ko‘p qo‘llanadigan o‘zak lar

The M ost Com m on L atin Roots in English
1. aud - eshitmoq, tinglamoq
audio /'Didiau/ - audiyo; ovoz, ovozli yozuv
audience /bidjans/ - tomoshabinlar, jamoatchilik
audible /'D:dabl/ - eshitiladigan
inaudible /in'oidabl/ - eshitilmaydigan
auditory /brditari/ - eshitish qobiliyati
auditorium /.Didi'tDiriam/ - auditoriya
audition /Di'di/an/ - eshitish, eshitib k o ‘rish
2. diet - aytmoq
dictionary /'dikjanri/ - lug‘at
predict / pri'dikt/ - bashorat qilmoq

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dictation /dik'teifan/ - diktant
edict /'iidikt/ - amr, farmoni oliy
dictate /'dikteit/ - 1) diktovka qilmoq, aytb turmoq; 2) amr qilmoq,
aytganini qildirmoq
dictator /dik'teita/ - diktator, yakka hokim, hukmdor, farmonbardor
diction /'dikfan/ - diksiya, nutqi ravonlik, ifodali talaffuz
3. duct - boshqarmoq, yetakchilik qilmoq
conduct /'bndAkt/ - boshqarmoq, yetaklamoq, olib bormoq
conductor /kan'dAkta/ - 1) konduktor; y o ‘lboshchi; 2) dirijyor
aquaduct /'aekwidAkt/ - akveduk, osma quvur, vodoprovod
education /,edju:'kei/an/ - m aorif(ilm ga boshlash)
induct /in'dAkt/ - kirgizmoq, olib kirmoq
seduction /si'dAkJan/ - vasvasa, havasni keltiradigan narsa; y o ‘ldan
urish/ozdirish, avrash
production /pra'dAkJan/ - mahsulot
reduction /ri'dAkJan/ - ortga qaytarish, tushirish; chegirma
abduct /aeb'dAkt/ - bir kishini olib qochmoq, o ‘g ‘irlab ketmoq
4. man - q o‘l
manufacture /.maenju'faekt/a/ - ishlab chiqarish
manipulate /m a'nipjuleit/ - mohirlik bilan boshqarmoq
manual /'maenjual/ - qo‘llanma
manicure /'maenikjua/ - manikyur
dismantle /dis'maentl/ - (q o‘l bilan) qismlarga ajratmoq
manhandle /'maen.haendl/-juda q o‘pollik qilmoq
5. m igra - harakatlanmoq
migration /mai'grei/э п / - migratsiya, k o ‘chish
immigrate /'im igreit/ - k o‘chib kelmoq
emmigrate /'em igreit/ - k o ‘chib ketmoq
migrant workers /'maigrant 'waikaz/ - kelgindi ishchi
immigrants /'im igrants/ - immigrantlar, kelgindilar
migratory /'maigratari/ - (qushlar, baliqlar va h.) k o ‘chadigan;
k o ‘chishga о id
6. m oti - harakatlanmoq
motor /'mauta/ - motor
motivation /.mauti'vei/an/ - istak, xohish, mayl; motiv, sabab, vaj,
bahona

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motive /'mautiv/ - 1) undamoq, q o ‘z g ‘atmoq, majburlamoq; 2) motiv,
sabab, vaj, bahona
emotion /I'maujan/ - em otsiya
promotion /pra'mau/э п / - mansabi oshish
motioning / ‘maufanir]/ - ishora, imo
motivate /'mautiveit/ - dalda b o‘lmoq, turtki b o‘lmoq
motion sickness /'mau/an 'siknis/ - transportda yurganda maza
qochish
motion picture /'mau/an 'pikt/a/ - kino
7. rupt - sin(dir)moq; buzmoq
interrupt /.inta'rApt/ - bezovta qilmoq, gapini b o im o q
rupture /'rApt/a/ - (aloqa, munosabat) buz(il)moq, uz(il)moq
bankrupt / ‘baenkrApt/ - bankrot, sinish
erupt /i'rApt/ - (vulqon) ot(il)moq
disrupt /dis'rApt/ - buzmoq, uzmoq; barbod qilmoq (aloqani, hayotni
va h.)
abrupt /a'brApt/ - kutilmagan, tasodifiy
corrupt /ka'rApt/ - (biror narsa yoki shaxsni) buzmoq, y o ‘ldan urmoq;
taltaytirib yubormoq
corruption /ка'глр/ап/ - korrupsiya
8. sign = mark - belgi; belgilamoq, imzo chekmoq
signature /'sig nit/а / - imzo
signal / ’signl/ - signal, ishora; k o ‘rsatkich
resign /ri’zain/ - nafaqa/iste’foga chiqmoq
resignation letter /.rezig'nei/an/ - nafaqa/iste’foga ariza
significant /sig'nifikant/ - ahamiyatli
insignificant /.insig'nifikant/ - ahamiyatsiz, arzimas
signify /'sigm fai/ - ahamiyatga ega b o‘lmoq
9. spec - k o‘rmoq
inspect /in'spekt/ - tekshirmoq
respect / ris’pekt/ - hurmat qilmoq
spectator /spek'teita/ - guvoh, k o‘rgan; tomoshabin
spectacle /'spektakl/ - tomosha; k o ‘rinish; spektakl
introspection /,intra(u)'spek/(a)n/ - o ‘zini o ‘zi tahlil qilish
aspect /'aespekt/ - aspekt, jihat, tomon
suspect /'sAspekt/ - shubhali shaxs, gumondor
perspective /pa'spektiv/ - nuqtai nazar

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retrospect /'re tra u s p e k t/ - o ‘tmishga nazar
10. tract - tortmoq
tractor /'traekta/ - traktor (plug, pritsep tortuvchi m a’nosida)
subtract /s a b 'tra e k t/- ayirmoq
attract /a 'tra e k t/ - jalb qilmoq, o ‘ziga tortmoq
attractive /a'traektiv/ - jozibali, o ‘ziga tortuvchi
detract /di'traekt/ - kamaytirmoq, olib tashlamoq; qadrini tushirmoq
traction /'traekfan/ - (qorda, namgarchilikda) tortish kuchi, tishlashsh
retract /ri'traekt/ - tortib olm oq, ichiga tiqib olmoq; qaytarib olmoq
contract /'k D n traekt/ - kichraytirmoq, kamaytirmoq

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 Eng ko‘p qo‘llanadigan noto‘g‘ri tuslanuvchi fe’llar
ro ‘yxati

infinitive p a st sim ple p a st p articiple

arise -1) turmoq, arose arisen
ko‘tarilmoq; 2) chiqmoq,
kelib chiqmoq
awake - uyg‘otmoq awoke awakened
be-bo‘lmoq was/were been
beat - urmoq beat beaten
become - boMmoq became becom e
begin - boshlamoq began begun
bend - egmoq bent bent
bite - tishlamoq bit bitten
blow - esmoq, puflamoq blew blown
break - sin(dir) moq broke broken
bring - olib kelmoq brought brought
build - qurmoq built built
burst - portlamoq burst burst
buy - sotib olmoq bought bought
catch - ushlamoq caught caught
choose - tanlamoq chose chosen
cling - yopishib qolmoq, clung clung
ilashmoq (tikan, pea t a
come - kelmoq came come
cost - (narx) turmoq cost cost
cut - kesmoq cut cut
deal - tarqatmoq, taqsimlamoq dealt dealt
dig - kovlamoq dug dug
dive - sho‘ng‘imoq dove dived
do - bajarmoq, qilmoq did done
draw - 1. chizmoq; 2. drew drawn
tortmoq
drink - ichmoq drank drunk
drive - (mashina) haydamoq drove driven
eat - yemoq ate eaten
faD - yiqilmoq fell fallen
feel-his qilmoq felt felt
fight - urushmoq fought fought
find - topmoq found found
fly-uchmoq flew flown
forget - unutmoq forgot forgotten
forgive - kechirmoq forgave forgiven
freeze - muzlamoq froze frozen

162
infinitive p a st sim ple p a s t p articiple
get - olmoq got got
gKe-bermoq gave given
go-bormoq went gone
grind - maydalamoq ground ground
grow - o‘s(tir)moq grew grown
hang - ilmoq, osmoq hung hung
h a v e -bor bo‘Imoq had had
hear - eshitmoq heard heard
hide - berkinmoq hid hidden
hit - urmoq hit hit
hold - ushlamoq held held
h u rt - og ‘rimoq, hurt hurt
achishmoq, lat yemoq
keep - saqlamoq kept kept
kneel - tizzalamoq knelt knelt
know - bilmoq knew known
lay - qo‘ymoq laid laid
lead - yetaklamoq led led
leave - tark etmoq, qoldirmoq left left
lend - qarz bermoq lent lent
let - ruxsat etmoq let let
lie - 1. yotmoq; 2. aldamoq lay lain
light - 1. yonmoq; 2. yoqmoq; lit lit
3. yoritmoq
lose - yo'qotmoq lost lost
make - yasamoq made made
mean - 1. anglatmoq; 2. meant meant
nazarda tutmoq
meet - uchrashmoq, tanishmoq met met
pay - to‘lamoq paid paid
put - qo‘ymoq put put
read - o‘qimoq read [red]* read [red]*
ride - (ot, velosiped va h) rode ridden
minmoq
ring - 1. qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoq; rang rung
2. jiringlamoq
rise - 1. ko‘tarilmoq; 2. (qu- rose risen
yosh) chiqmoq
run - yugurmoq ran run
say - aytmoq, demoq said said
see - ko'rmoq saw seen
sell -sotmoq sold sold
send - jo‘natmoq, yubormoq sent sent
set - qo‘ymoq, o‘matmoq set set

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infinitive p a st sim ple p a st p articiple
shake - titramoq, silkitmoq shook shaken
shine - charaqlamoq. nur shone shone
sochmoq
shoot - (o'q) otmoq shot shot
show - ko‘rsatmoq showed shown/show ed
shrink - kichraymoq, (kiyim) shrank shrunk
kirishmoq
shut - yopmoq shut shut
sing - kuylamoq sang sung
sink - cho'kmoq sank sunk
sit - o‘tirmoq sat sat
sleep - uxlamoq slept slept
speak - gapirmoq spoke spoken
spend - 1. (vaqt) o‘tkazmoq; 2. spent spent
sarflamoq
spring - sakramoq sprang sprung
stand - turmoq stood stood
steal - o‘g‘irlamoq stole stolen
stick - 1. yopishtirmoq; 2. stuck stuck
sanchmoq
sting - 1. (ari) chaqmoq; 2. stung stung
(ko‘z va h) achishmoq
strike - 1. urmoq; 2. ish struck struck
tashlamoq
swear - so‘kmoq, haqorat swore sworn
qilmoq
sweep - supurmoq swept swept
swim - suzmoq, cho'milmoq swam swum
swing - tebranmoq; tebratmoq swung swung
take - olmoq took taken
teach - o‘qitmoq, saboq taught taught
bermoq
tell - aytmoq told told
think - o ‘ylamoq thought thought
throw - tashlamoq, threw thrown
irg‘itmoq
understand - tushunmoq understood understood
wake - uyg‘onmoq woke woken
w ear - kiymoq, kiyib yurmoq wore worn
weep - yigiamoq wept wept
win - yutmoq, yengmoq won won
write - yozmoq, (xat) wrote written
yozishmoq

164
 M A S H Q L A R G A JA V O B L A R

1-mavzu
1.2 you’re not / aren’t 1.3 I’m not

11.2 am II.3 is II.4 are II.5 is II.6 are II.7 am, is

111.2 My brother is ... III.5 M y books are ...

111.3 This house is ... III.6 His sister is ...
111.4 The office is ... III.7 You are ...

IV.2-F IV.3-H IV.4-C IV.5-A

IV.6-E IV.7-B IV.8-I IV.9-D

2-mavzu
1.1 is speaking 1.3 is playing
1.2 is raining 1.4 is w orking

11.3 is sitting II.5 is not talking

11.4 is not playing II.6 is not standing

3-mavzu
1.2 works 1.3 flies 1.4 comes 1.5 has 1.6 finishes

II. 1 walks II.2 play II.3 thinks II.4 asks

IV. 1 don’t play IV .2 d o n ’t know IV .3 doesn’t have

4-mavzu
1.1 Have you / Do you have ...?
1.2 Have you / Do you have ...?
1.3 Has your father / Does your father h a v e ...?
1.4 Have you / Do you have ...?

165
!

1.5 How m uch m oney do we have?

5-mavzu
1.2 is, was 1.3 am 1.4 was 1.5 were 1.6 are 1.7 was

11.2 w asn’t, was II.4 were, was, w asn’t

11.3 was, were II.5 w eren’t, were

111.2 Was your exam difficult?

111.3 W here were they last w eek?
111.4 How m uch was your cam era?
111.5 W hy were you angry yesterday?
111.6 W as the w eather nice last week?

6-mavzu
1.2 saw 1.5 visited 1.8 thought 1.11 put
1.3 played 1.6 bought 1.9 copied 1.12 spoke
1.4 paid 1.7 went 1.10 knew

II. 1 cleaned 11.5 happened

11.2 opened 11.6 rained
11.3 started, finished 11.7 enjoyed, stayed
11.4 wanted

III. 1 cut III.2 ate III.3 answered, got III.4 made

7-mavzu
1.2 was, was walking 1.5 was, was w orking
1.3 was, was taking 1.6 was, was lying
1.4 were, were standing

11.2 W hat were you d o in g .. .‘j

11.3 W here was he going to?

166
11.4 Why was Anvar driving ... ?
11.5 W hat was Soli w earing ...?

8-m avzu
1.1 broken 1.3 cut 1.5 sung 1.7 found 1.9 heard
1.2 drunk 1.4 done 1.6 bought 1.8 drawn 1.10 known

II. 1 has lost II.3 has scored II.5 has ... rained
11.2 have arrived II.4 has slept II.6 has landed

III. 1 drawn III.3 eaten III.5 spoken III.7 fallen

111.2 known III.4 drunk III.6 gone III.8 done

9-m avzu
1.2 Are these rooms cleaned every day?
1.3 Glass is made from sand.
1.4 This book is not used very often.
1.5 Are we allow ed to go there?
1.6 How is this word pronounced?

11.2 The house was sold last year.

11.3 W hen was this bridge built?
11.4 Were you asked ...?
11.5 I was not w oken up ...?

111.2 The football match was watched ...

111.3 W hy was this table brought here?
111.4 ... vegetables are grown.
III. 5 W here were you bom ?
111.6 How m any languages are spoken ...?
111.7 Oh! O ur window was broken.

167
10-mavzu
1.2 used to w ork 1.3 used to live 1.4 used to go

11.3 used to have II. 7 used to live

11.4 used to work/work II. 8 gets
11.5 used to eat II.9 did use to play
11.6 listens

11-mavzu
1.1 used to study 1.3 used to live
1.2 am used to studying 1.4 am used to living

11.2 I’m used to sleeping on the floor.

11.3 H e’s used to it.
11.4 I’m not used to going to bed late.
11.5 W e’ll have to get used to the noise.
11.6 ... we soon got used to her.

12-mavzu
1.1 will call 1.2 will be 1.3 will take 1.4 will w atch

111.3 Shall I turn o ff the television?

111.4 Shall I eat some somsas?

13-mavzu
1.1 She’s going to w ear her new dress to the party.
1.2 H e’s going to feed the bird.
1.3 We are going to play football.
1.4 I am going to bed.

11.2 The trees are going to blossom.

11.3 W hat are you going to do with your car?
11.4 W hat time are they com ing?

168
II.5 When are you going to finish your work?

III.2 W e’re going to walk.

111.3 W e’re going to eat pilav.
111.4 I’m going to lie down for a quarter.
111.5 I ’m going to w atch it.
111.6 W hat is your son going to d o ...?

14-mavzu
1.2 It had changed a lot.
1.3 They had gone out.
1.4 The m eeting had already begun.
1.5 W e hadn’t seen him for five years.
1.6 She had ju st fallen asleep.

II. 1 came, had had II.5 fell, threw

11.2 had done, w ent II.6 hadn’t started, were
11.3 had eaten, came II.7 had ju st entered, rang
11.4 helped, finished

15-mavzu
1.1 a pencil 1.5 w ater 1.9 an apple
1.2 a watch 1.6 a shoe 1.10 an um brella
1.3 m oney 1.7 milk
1.4 an airplane 1.8 a ball

II. 1 - / an II.2 II.3 a n / I I .4 -

III. 1 the, - III.2 the III.3 a III.4 the, the

16-mavzu
1.2 some 1.4 any 1.6 any
1.3 any 1.5 any 1.7 any, any

169
1.8 some, any

II. 1 some m ilk 11.3 some sand

11.2 some soup 11.4 any food

1П.1 no 111.3 any III.5 any

111.2 any 111.4 no

17-m avzu
1.1 much 1.4 much 1.7 much 1.10 m any 1.13 m any
1.2 m uch 1.5 much 1.8 much 1.11 m any 1.14 m uch
1.3 m uch 1.6 m any 1.9 m any 1.12 much 1.15 m uch

II. 1 much II. 5 m any

11.2 m any II.6 many, m any/a lot o f
11.3 m uch/a lot o f II. 7 much, a lot
11.4 a lot of/m any

III. 1 a little m ilk III. 5 a few times

111.2 a few days 111.6 a few chairs
111.3 a little Russian 111.7 a little ... air
111.4 a few friends

18-m avzu
1.1 m ay be 1.3 m ay w ake up
1.2 m ay eat 1.4 m ay rain

11.2 They m ight com e tomorrow.

11.3 It might snow today.
11.4 I m ight be late tonight.
11.5 She might not cook.
11.6 I m ight not have tim e to do this.

170
111.2 I m ight com e on Monday.
111.3 I m ight have fish.
111.4 I m ight take a taxi.
111.5 I m ight buy a new car.

19-mavzu
1.1 You can play chess very well.
1.2 Can you swim well?
1.3 Sorry, can I speak to Akmal?
1.4 M y brother can draw pictures very well.

11.2 can see И.7 couldn’t find

11.3 can ’t hear И.8 can ’t run
11.4 can’t find II.9 can ’t decide
11.5 can/could speak II. 10 can ’t w alk
11.6 couldn’t speak

20-mavzu
1.1 You m ustn’t smoke here.
1.2 You m ust read it.
1.3 I have to take this m edicine twice a day.
1.4 I have to w ear glasses.

11.2 m ust m eet II.4 must learn II.6 must be

11.3 m ust wash II.5 m ust go

III-2 needn’t hurry III.4 needn’t w ait

111.3 m ustn’t lose Ш.5 m ustn’t forget

21-mavzu
1.1 shouldn’t, should 1.4 should
1.2 should 1.5 should
1.3 should 1.6 shouldn’t

171
11.2 you should go II. 5 you should wear
11.3 you should clean II.6 you should take
II.4 you should visit

III.2 Do you think I should learn how to drive?

111.3 Do you think I should w ear this shirt?
111.4 Do you think I should learn English?
111.5 Do you think I should train more?

22-m avzu
1.1 hot 1.3 dark 1.5 deep 1.7 dry 1.9 clever
1.2 right 1.4 em pty 1.6 rainy 1.8 black 1.10 positive

11.2 I live in that high house.

11.3 Do you see Korean films?
11.4 I read an interesting book.
11.5 W e went to a new restaurant.

111.2 black clouds III.5 fresh air

111.3 long holiday III.6 sharp knife
III-4 hot w ater III.7 dangerous jo b

23-m avzu
1.3 We don’t often come here.
1.4 I always have breakfast at 7.
1.5 Sarvar usually gets up early.
1.6 He isn’t always late.
1.7 Do you always go ...?
1.8 Do you sometimes feel sad?
1.9 They never have a quarrel.
1.10 He hardly ever eats meat.

172
11.2 angry is correct 11.6 hard is correct
11.3 slowly is correct 11.7 suddenly is correct
11.4 slow is correct II. 8 quiet is correct
II. 5 careful is correct II.9 badly is correct

24-m avzu
1.2 stronger 1.6 better
1.3 happier 1.7 larger
1.4 more m odem 1.8 more serious
1.5 more important

П.2 hotter II. 5 farther / further

11.3 more expensive II.6 more difficult
11.4 worse

III. 1 taller / shorter III.4 the m ost talented

111.2 faster / m ore slow ly III.5 the m ost necessary
111.3 closest III.6 the easiest

25-m avzu
I .1 m y 1.2 mine, yours

II.2 her at her

11.3 us at our
11.4 to have dinner w ith me at m y house
11.5 to have dinner w ith him at his house
11.6 to have dinner with you at your house

111.2 my, hers III.4 our, theirs III.6 your, ours

111.3 his, m ine III.5 her, his III.7 their, yours

IV.2 them IV.4 our IV.6 us IV .8 their

IV.3 him IV.5 yours IV.7 her IV.9 mine

173
26-m avzu
1.3 W ho did you see?
1.4 W hat does this w ord mean?

II. 1 which II.2 who(m) II.3 whose II.4 w h o

111.3 which 111.6 what III.9 w hat

111.4 what 111.7 which III. 10 which
111.5 which III. 8 who III. 11 what

27-m avzu
1.2 how far 1.4 how often 1.6 how long
1.3 how old 1.5 how deep

11.2 How far is it to the bank?

11.3 How much does it cost?
11.4 How old is she?
11.5 How often do you go to the gym?
11.6 How wide is this street?

III. 1 how long III.2 how m any III.3 how much

28-m avzu
1.3 at 1.5 in 1.7 on 1.9 at
1.4 on 1.6 in 1.8 on 1.10 in

II.2 on II.6 in 11.10 11.14 at 11.18 at

II.3 at II.7 on 11.11 11.15 in 11.19 at
II.4 in II.8 on 11.12 11.16 on 11.20 at
II. 5 in II.9 in 11.13 11.17 in

174
29-m avzu
1.1 answer 1.2 w ill be 1.3 will tell
1.4 come 1.7 passes 1.10 finish
1.5 does not rain 1.8 Will she come
1.6 see 1.9 is

II. 1 was / were II. 5 would get

11.2 knew II.6 had
11.3 would not get II. 7 found
11.4 would you go II. 8 would not be

III. 1 had prepared III.4 w ould have been

111.2 had told III.5 had been
111.3 hadn’t slept

30-m avzu
1.3 while 1.5 during 1.7 during
1.4 while 1.6 while 1.8 while

11.2 eating II.4 having

11.3 answering II. 5 going

111.2 for the university after leaving school

111.3 going to sleep I switched o ff the TV.
111.4 after w orking till the evening we were very tired.
111.5 discuss the m atter after having a break.
111.6 phoned his m other after com ing hom e in the evening.

FOYDALANILGAN MAN ВA LAR R O ‘YXATI

1. Английский для детей - В. Скульте, М осква - 1963

2. Essential G ram m ar in Use - Raymond Murphy,
Cam bridge - 2004
3. Free English G ram m ar - Jonathan Lewis, Paris - 2007
4. Internet saytlari.
175
 F axriddin RAHM ATOV

O m m abop ingliz tili kursi

Fakhriddin R A KHM ATO V

English course for everyone

U O ‘K: 821.512. 133-9

K B K - 81.2-2
R-18
F. R ahm atov

O m m abop ingliz tili kursi - F. R ahm atov:

N.: "Namangan" nashriyoti, 2015. - 176 b.
K B K -8 1 .2 -2

Bosishga ruxsat berildi 21.01.2015 y. Times N ew Roman gamiturasi,

ofset usulida bosildi. Bichim i 84x108 1/32 11.0 bosma taboq,
nashriyot hisob tabog‘i 11.0. Buyurtma raqami 14.
Adadi: 5000 nusxa. Bahosi kelishilgan narxda.

"Namangan" nashriyoti, Namangan sh., N avoiy k o ‘chasi 36 uy.

Nashriyot litsenziya raqami A N -156 2009 yil 14 avgustda berilgan

MCHJ «SPECIAL PRINTING SERVICE» da bosildi.

Chilonzor tumani, Chilonzor k o’chasi. 1-A uy.
 Favriddin RAHM ATO V

Ommabop ingliz tili kursi

* * * * *

Fakhriddin RA K H M ATO V

English course for everyone

U O ‘K: 8 2 J.512. 133-9

- 81.2-2
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Ommabop ingliz tili kur«i f d u

N.: "Namangan" na ъ • • ~ ^ a ^ m atov:
mangan nashnyoti, 2015. - j 7 6 b.
K B K - 81.2-2

Bosishga ruxsat berildi 2 1 . 0 1 2015 v t* x t

Ofse, usuHda bosildi. BicWmi 84х ш Г ,/3 2 П о Г

nashriyot hisob tabog‘i l i n n bosma taboq,

У*
 M uallif- Rahmatov Faxriddin Valijonovich
Filolog, 1978-yil Namangan viloyati Uychi tu-
mani G'ayrat qish!og‘ida tug'iigan. Uychi tu-
man 28-o‘ita umum ta ’lim maktabida, Chortoq
shahar maktab-internat litseyida, 0 ‘zbekiston
Davlat Jahor, Tillari universiteti ingliz filologiya-
si fakuitetida tahsil olgan. Bir necha maqolalari,
iarjim a va kitoblari omma e’tiboriga havola etil-

1935-yil Toshkent viloyati Ohangaron tumani-

da tug‘i!gan. Ohangaron tuman 29-o‘rta mak-
tabda, Angren shahar akademik litseyining ij-
timoiy fanlar yo'nalishida, 0 ‘zbekiston Davlat
S a i) at va madaniyat institutida tahsil olgan.
Muqimiy nomidagi 0 ‘zbek Davlat musiqali te-
atri aktyori, xonanda va kinoaktyor.

Svetlanal Rashidovna
1983-yilda, Qashqadaryo viloyati Qarshi shah-
rida tug’ilgan. Qarshi shahrida 29-o‘rta mak-
tabda, Qarshi Davlat Universiteti Xorijiy Tillar
fakuitetida, 0 ‘zbeki^ton Davlat Jahon Tillari
universitetida Magistratura bo'limida tahsil ol­
gan. Tarjimon bo'lib ishlagan. 2002-, 2010-,
2012-yillarda AQSHda fahsil olgan. Hozirgi
kunda 0 ‘zbekiston DavlatiJab Ё Tillari un univer-
ISBN 978-9943-9773-3-4 siteti, Ingliz tili grammatikasi va rixi kafed rasi-
^da o‘qituvchi lavozimida ishlay

789943 977334