APPROACHES OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION,

MANAGEMENT

Student Name:

Rukhsar Zonaish

Isha shabbir

PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

B. ED (1.5)
 INTRODUCTION
Educational management is the administration of the educational system with the
assistance of professionals and material resources. Its goal is to supervise, plan, strategize, and
implement structures in order to carry out an education system. It should be noted that
educational management is not limited to schools; rather, it encompasses all types of institutions,
including higher education institutes, public schools, and private schools. The primary functions
of educational management and administration are to develop education policies, conduct
research, or consult to help evaluate and develop ways to enrich and enhance the educational
system at an institutional level. It also entails improving both teaching and learning in a school
environment through the effective use of administrative tools, education software, and best
practices.

1. Centralized Approach:
In centralized educational management, all of the powers and responsibilities of
educational administration are vested in one hand. All decisions are made at the top level and
then passed down to the lower levels for implementation. He/she may be the real or titular head.
Suppose in the field of higher education the Director, Higher Education is the real executive head
and all sorts of powers and responsibilities remain in his/her hand. The other associate officers
are Additional Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Director remain silent in this regard. Then
the principals of different colleges also remain silent in this regard. But practically speaking this
type of educational management is outdated and useless in the modern educational system.

2. Decentralized Approach:
In contrast, in a decentralized education management project, authority is delegated to all
levels of management or school administrators. The top level makes major policy decisions,
while the middle and lower levels make other necessary decisions. In the decentralized
educational management, the powers, responsibilities are distributed and decentralized from the
Director Higher Education to the peon of a college in which everybody involved in the field of
higher education feels seriously the responsibility of educational management. And at the same
time they take the risk of making educational management a successful one.

3. External Approach:
External educational management is a type of management in which external elements
and factors provide necessary support and opportunities for the smooth management of
educational programs. These external entities are involved in management in an indirect way.
They are the community members, specialists, experts, administrators, parents, supervisors and
all other agencies. Their first and foremost duty is to create a suitable and sound atmosphere and
 provide all sorts of resources and help in moral ground. Besides they have to give suggestions for
participating and observing the management of educational institution. But they are active and
internal involvement in the process isn’t acceptable and desirable.

4. Internal Approach:
Internal education management is a type of educational management in which only
individuals actively and internally involved in the management of each educational program are
involved. These individuals are in charge of everything from planning to organizing to
coordinating, supervising, controlling, administering, and evaluating. It categorically refers to the
head of the institution or head master/principal of the school and other teaching personnel,
students and non-teaching staff. Practically speaking, internal management has much more
importance than external management. The reason is that the elements of internal management
are actively involved in the process and the degree of success of management depends upon
them.

5. Authoritarian/Autocratic Approach:
Just like centralized management authoritarian management plays its role. In centralized
management the centralization of the power and responsibility of educational management
centered in and exercised by, a central power, organization or agency. It implies that all the
policies and programs are planned, directed by one central agency. Here the central agency may
be a person, a group of persons as “core group.” So when the powers and responsibilities center
round a particular person or group then the term authoritarian or autocracy comes into limelight.
In this type of educational management every aspect of education is controlled by one.
The business of the staff is to emphasize these laws, rules and central orders and to see that these
are properly carried out. The teacher as the real and regular practioner becomes the mouth piece
of the central authority having no professional freedom. This type of educational management
generally found in totalitarian or unitary states. In this type of states educational management
remains in the hand of the head of the educational institution who exercises authority and control
in a centralized form. It implies that he directs every action of his teachers and students. He plans
all the school activities. He tells the teachers and students what to think as well as what to do. He
takes decision and gives all directions to teachers and students. He thinks himself as an only
active agency in the management of every educational program of the institution.

6. Democratic educational management:

Now in the modern era democracy is unanimously regarded and accepted “as the way of
life.” This is not only applicable in case of a particular nation but also for the entire globe/world.
In contrast to autocratic education management projects, democratic educational management
involves distributing power and responsibilities across management levels. This type of
 educational management is most popular today, and it is also the need of the hour to bring about
a positive change in the educational system.
In other-words it can be said that democratic educational management is the need of the
day for bringing wholesome educational development of every nation. In this management
teachers get proper scope for planning, administering, organizing, directing, coordinating,
supervising, controlling and evaluating the assignments entrusted upon them. However, like
democracy in democratic educational management the following principles are highly stressed.

7. Transformational Approach:
This approach focuses on inspiring and motivating stakeholders to achieve higher levels
of performance and innovation. Administrators using this approach often emphasize vision,
empowerment, and continuous improvement.

8. Transactional Approach:
This style focuses on clear roles, responsibilities, and expectations. It often involves
setting clear goals, providing rewards for achievement, and applying consequences for failure to
meet expectations.

9. Bureaucratic Approach:
This approach emphasizes adherence to rules, regulations, and established procedures. It
aims to ensure consistency and fairness but may be criticized for being rigid and inflexible.

10. Laissez-Faire Approach:

This hands-off approach involves minimal interference from administrators, allowing
stakeholders such as teachers and students considerable freedom in decision-making and
operations. The choice of approach depends on various factors such as the educational
institution's culture, goals, challenges, and the preferences and leadership style of the
administrator. A balanced approach that considers the needs of stakeholders while aligning with
the institution's mission and vision tends to be most effective.

Effective educational
administration often
involves a hybrid
approach, combining
elements from
different styles to create
a system that is efficient,
adaptable, and fosters a
positive learning
environment.
Democratic
Approach: This approach
emphasizes shared
decision-making among
administrators, teachers,
students, and sometimes
parents. It aims to foster
collaboration, transparency,
and inclusivity in decision-
making processes
Effective educational
administration often
involves a hybrid
approach, combining
elements from
different styles to create
a system that is efficient,
adaptable, and fosters a
positive learning
environment.
Democratic
Approach: This approach
emphasizes shared
decision-making among
administrators, teachers,
students, and sometimes
parents. It aims to foster
collaboration, transparency,
and inclusivity in decision-
making processes
Effective educational
administration often
involves a hybrid
approach, combining
elements from
different styles to create
a system that is efficient,
adaptable, and fosters a
positive learning
environment.
Democratic
Approach: This approach
emphasizes shared
decision-making among
administrators, teachers,
students, and sometimes
parents. It aims to foster
collaboration, transparency,
and inclusivity in decision-
making processes
Effective educational
administration often
involves a hybrid
approach, combining
elements from
different styles to create
a system that is efficient,
adaptable, and fosters a
positive learning
environment.
Democratic
Approach: This approach
emphasizes shared
decision-making among
administrators, teachers,
students, and sometimes
parents. It aims to foster
collaboration, transparency,
and inclusivity in decision-
making processes

Reference
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