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A novel broadband monopole coplanar antenna configuration with circular

polarization

Article in e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy · October 2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2022.100067

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 e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy 2 (2022) 100067

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Engineering, Electronics and Energy
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A novel broadband monopole coplanar antenna configuration with

circular polarization
Fatima Ouberri *, a, Abdelali Tajmouati a, Jamal Zbitou b, Mohamed Latrach c,
Larbi El Abdellaoui a
a
MIET Laboratory, Hassan First University of Settat, Morocco
b
LABTIC, ENSA of Tangier, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Morocco
c
RF-EMC Research Group, ESEO, Angers, France

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Keywords: In this paper, a novel construction of a wideband slotted monopole antenna supplied by a single coplanar
Wireless transmission waveguide (CPW) with circular polarization (CP) characteristic for the small wireless device is proposed and
Monopole antenna discussed. The circular polarized CPW antenna is intended for the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band
CPW
spanning at 2.45 GHz. It consists of a monopole-shaped patch with two oppositely facing corner gaps extending
Wideband
from the CPW signal strip into the middle of a square metal frame serving as the ground, incorporates a couple of
Circular polarization
L-shaped grounding strips surrounding two oppositely facing corners of the ground, and an L slot in the topside of
the ground plane. The bandwidth of the antenna’s input impedance is widened through reconfiguring the
necessary parameters of the reversed L-shaped grounding strips. The circularly polarization can be significantly
achieved through cutting an upturned L-slot mostly in the topmost half of the ground. The proposed antenna has
a size of 60600.74mm3 . Two electromagnetic solvers have been used to examine and to optimize the proposed
circuit. The final circuit of the circularly polarized CPW monopole antenna is fabricated and validated by
measurements. The measured bandwidth concerning the return loss at -10 dB is about 1.30 GHz and for the axial
ratio at 3 dB, it’s about 500 MHz.

1. Introduction substantially broader frequency bandwidth compared to classical

microstrip antennas.
The rapid development of wireless communication technology has On the other hand, circularly polarized (CP) antennas have been
brought significant growth in the performance requirements of antennas getting great attention in a variety of communication applications, such
that could not be achieved by standard linearly polarized microstrip as GPS, RFID, WLAN, and WiMAX, due to their resistance to poor at­
antennas. Printed monopole antennas have been mainly chosen for mospheric conditions, lower sensitivity to the wireless device’s align­
wireless applications due to their numerous attractive features, such as ment, better mobility, and mitigation of multipath losses [7,8].
relatively wide impedance bandwidth, lightweight, readily adaptable The mechanism for generating the circular polarization implies the
impedance, easy fabrication, and good radiation efficiency [1–3]. excitation of two modes that are equal in amplitude and near in fre­
Additionally, monopole antennas have good compatibility with the quency with a phase difference of 90∘ [9]. It is worth noting that the
wireless communication integrated circuits through their simple feeding single-fed circularly polarized microstrip antennas neither require an
methods. external phase shifter nor a power divider, thus the main requirement
The monopole antenna uses a variety of feedings such as the probe, for achieving circular polarization is only the geometrically disturbed
the microstrip, and the coplanar waveguide (CPW) was examined element load [10].
extensively in [4]. CPW-fed printed-square-slot antennas are generally Numerous strategies are used to enhance the bandwidth of the CP.
utilized with monolithic microwave integration circuits (MMICs) for One popular technique to increase the bandwidth is to introduce an open
bandwidth enhancement purposes while keeping the physical di­ slot in the shape of an L across the ground plane or to load an inversely
mensions of the antenna unaffected [5,6]. These antennas possess a shaped L strip around the corner into the ground plane [11,12].

* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Ouberri).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2022.100067
Received 30 June 2022; Received in revised form 8 August 2022; Accepted 15 September 2022
Available online 2 October 2022
2772-6711/© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
F. Ouberri et al. e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy 2 (2022) 100067

orthogonal field excitation of the same amplitude but shifted in phase by

90∘ in time without any supplementary feed pieces, which is a necessary
condition for producing a circularly polarized wave. The parameters b
and g3 are the key dimensions influencing the axial ratio bandwidth
ARBW.
For understanding the functioning principle of the proposed antenna,
an iterative approach to the antenna design, made up of three prototypes
evolving from antenna I to antenna III, is depicted in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 displays a comparison of the simultaneously simulated return
losses and axial ratio values of the three antennas to analyze the per­
formance of each antenna prototype. As a first step, a conventional
monopole antenna fed by a single CPW feed line is designed (antenna I).
This antenna begins resonating with an acceptable impedance band­
Fig. 1. (a) The configuration of the proposed CPW antenna, (b) Fabricated
width of 1.57 GHz. Nevertheless, this antenna is linearly polarized and
antenna prototype.
does not provide any circularly polarized radiation characteristics. An­
tenna II possesses two identical inverting L-shaped grounded strips
Table 1 implanted diagonally at two opposing corners of Antenna I. The modi­
The suggested CPW-fed monopole antenna’s parameters (Unit in mm). fication has not only improved the impedance matching on the oper­
Lx
ating band but also reduced the axial ratio. The bandwidth of antenna II
Parameter G L Lp Ly h
is roughly 2.5 GHz greater than that of antenna I. However, the aspect
Value 60 40 24.5 15 15 0.74
ratio seems to be more than 3 dB. An upturned L-shaped slot is provided
Parameter Wp Wf g1 g2 g3 b
Value 8 1.41 0.3 1 3 13
at the top of the ground to acquire antenna III, the final version of the
planned antenna, to improve its performance and produce circularly
polarized (CP) radiation. The slot can cause a disruption in the magnetic
Therefore, CPW-fed monopole CP antenna is the design of choice to current amount, resulting in a circularly polarized wave. The positioning
achieve a broad CP bandwidth. of the slot is a decisive factor in achieving the desired overlap band.
In this paper, a newly developed CPW-fed unipolar slotted antenna
featuring a basic configuration, the smallest available size as well as a 3. Analysis of measurement and simulation results
broad frequency spectrum is proposed. Two wide grounded inverted-L
strips and a slot with reverse L on the outer half of the ground are For further verification regarding the features of the suggested
introduced in order to further improve the bandwidth and the circular approach, an optimum design for the suggested antenna was fabbed on
polarization performance. an FR-4 substrate having a thickness of 0.74 mm, relative electrical
constant of 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02, and thickness of conductor of 35 um
2. Antenna design and analysis through the use of LPKF machine. The manufactured prototype picture
is illustrated in Fig. 1(b). The S-parameter simulation was achieved
The proposed CPW-fed broadband monopole antenna configuration using HFSS full-wave and its measurement was performed using Agilent
and the manufactured prototype photograph are given in Fig. 1 and the Technologies’ N5247A, US50470114 network analyzer. Fig. 4 depicts
dimensions are summarized in Table 1. the simulated and experimental reflection coefficients. One can note
The antenna is impressed upon a squared plate having a length of that a very wide impedance bandwidth is achieved from 1.75GHz to
side G of FR4 material considered as a substrate with a relative 3.15GHz with a return loss greater than 10 dB. This measuring reflection
permittivity of ϵr =4.4 and a tangent loss of tanδ = 0.02 with a thickness coefficient is marginally dissimilar compared with the simulated ones in
of H = 0.74mm. The backside of the substrate is free of any printed terms of input impedance matching. Their discrepancies are presumably
metal since the proposed antenna design has a Coplanar waveguide CPW related to manufacturing dimensional allowances and material loss and/
structure. or the difference in permittivity of the substrate material over the
A 50 Ω CPW feed line has been employed to energize the proposed simulated model and the real one. The variation of the axial ratio (AR),
antenna through a header which is secured at the center primary stub as well as the gain in the broadside direction of the proposed antenna as
functioning as the elementary radiator having a width Wf and segre­ a function of frequency for various frequency settings throughout the
gated away from the ground plane through two identical spaces of width operational frequency band is presented in 5. It is observed from the
g1 . In order to increase the bandwidth and enforce circular polarization, figure that the peak gain is stable and varies from 2 to 3 dB and the
the development is enhanced further with the incorporation of two constructed antenna is found to have the potential for producing circular
reverse L ground strips of width g2 , equally sized in the x and y di­ polarization (CP) with a bandwidth of axial ratio of 3 dB of 35.7% up to
rections, on the corners of the structure that are uncut by the slanted 500 MHz.
feed extended line. An inverted-L slot is sliced into the superior half of Fig. 6 (a) and (b) present a plot of the distribution of the surface
the ground as a geometric perturbation element for the creation of current within the proposed antenna at the frequencies of 1.57 GHz and

Fig. 2. The suggested antenna design’s evolution stages.

2
F. Ouberri et al. e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy 2 (2022) 100067

Fig. 3. Comparison of Prototype antennas in terms of (a) reflection coefficient, and (b) Axial Ratio versus frequency.

2.45 GHz respectively, providing a further improvement of the antenna

performance. The observation revealed that a strong current is exhibited
along the patch and the ground in the first frequency, while it is
concentrating along the reversed L slot and the grounded L metal strips
in the other frequency. The radiation pattern is worked out to predict the
extended network’s abilities to gather microwave energy. Fig. 7 (a) and
(b) demonstrate independently the simulated far-field radiation patterns
of the antenna for the various GPS and ISM center frequencies at 1.57
GHz and 2.45 GHz respectively, developed in the E(Phi=90∘ ) and H
(Phi=0∘ ) planes. As can be appreciated throughout the figure, the pro­
posing antenna features a strong bi-directional radiation pattern in both
planes.
Table 2 presents the performance of the newly proposed antenna
over other reported antenna designs with respect to dimensions, oper­
ating band bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth, and gain. It exhibits the
obvious merits within the scope of the CP antenna and possesses a high
operating band bandwidth and an axial ratio bandwidth as well as high
quality of CP among these antennas.

4. Conclusion
Fig. 4. Measured and simulated reflection coefficient of the proposed
CP antenna.
An innovative compact Coplanar waveguide CPW broadband circu­
larly polarized monopole antenna was developed significantly in the

3
F. Ouberri et al. e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy 2 (2022) 100067

Fig. 5. Axial ratio and gain vs frequency.

Table 2
A Comparison Between the Performance of The Proposed Antenna and Other
Designed Antenna.
Refs. Structure Size Operating Axial Ratio BW Gain
mm3 Bandwidth (MHz) (dBi)

[5] 56 × 56 × 220MHz(1.54- 75MHz -3.9

0.8 1.76GHz)
[13] 99.5 × 70 × 1540MHz(1.31- 150MHz —
0.8 2.85GHz)
[14] 120 × 120 × 380 MHz(618- 332MHz 3
0.8 998MHz)
[15] 56 × 56 × 480 MHz 160MHz 3
0.8
Proposed 60 × 60 × 1.5GHz (1.5- 500MHz 2.3-3
antenna 0.74 3GHz)

Fig. 6. Simulated surface current distributions of antenna at (a)1.57GHz, board (PCB) technology, and the results of the measurements from this
(b) 2.45GHz. are thoroughly debated. The proposed antenna has a compact size and a
bandwidth that ranges from 1.75 GHz to 3.15 GHz. The simulated
reflection coefficients are consistent with the measured one. The final
circuit is a coplanar antenna that is easy to incorporate and able to be
combined with passive and active devices.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial

interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence
the work reported in this paper.

References

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A circularly polarized CPW-fed square slot antenna with embedded hilbert-curves Microwave research group. His research interests include the
and rectangular patches for GPS/GLONASS operations. Proceedings of the Cross design of hybrid & Monolithic active and passive microwave
Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference, IEEE, circuits, metamaterials, LH materials, antennas, rectennas, and
2013, pp. 183–186. their applications in wireless communications, and wireless
power transmission (WPT). He can be contacted at email:
[email protected].
Fatima Ouberri was born in Boudnib, Morocco, on Mars in
1995. She received a Masters degree in MȨcatronics from the
Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University,
Morocco, in 2018. Currently, she is a Ph.d. student in Sciences
at the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Settat, Hassan
Larbi El Abdellaoui was born in Tiflet, Morocco, in 1961. He
First University, Morocco. Her current research interests are
receiced the Ph.D. degree in electronics from the University of
around the study and design of new circular polarized micro­
Metz, in 1994, France. He is currently an associate Professor of
strip antennas. She can be contacted at email: f.ouberri@uhp.
electronics in faculty of sciences and techniques, University
ac.ma
Hassan 1st, Settat, Morocco. He is involved in the design of
hybrid, monolithic active and passive microwave electronic
circuits. He can be contacted at email: elabdellaoui20@hot­
mail.com.

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