PMC-39-A0126-AF001-00

CHAPTER

TAIL ROTOR

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SECTION 00 - TAIL ROTOR

TAIL ROTOR – GENERAL • a cover, made by aluminium alloy, is installed on the top of the rotating
controls
The Tail Rotor (TR) compensates the reaction torque caused by the main rotor
and enables the aircraft to be controlled in its yaw axis.
The TR is a four blade fully articulated rotor with elastomeric spherical BLADES
bearings, which allow flapping, lead-lag and feathering movements. The TR
comprises: The tail rotor is a four blade rotor where each rotating blade reacts to
centrifugal, bending and torsion loads. The blades are made of composite
• the tail rotor head material (unidirectional fiberglass tapes wrapped in cross ply fiberglass layers)
• the blades with a thin nickel shield bounded on the outer surface at the leading edge gives
• the rotating controls protection against erosion.
An upper and lower fiberglass skins are bonded at the rear of the leading edge
spar and extended back to joint together and form the trailing edge. The root
TAIL ROTOR – MAIN COMPONENTS section is formed in the spar by fiberglass strips that are wound so as to allow
the attachment of the elastomeric bearing.
TAIL ROTOR HEAD The blade tip includes a pocket where masses are introduced to statically
balance the blade; the same occur in the root section.
The tail rotor head is driven by the Tail Gear Box (TGB) shaft and includes
A lightning conductor jumper is attached to the top of each blade attachment.
• a splined hub connecting the TGB shaft to the four blades. The hub is
constituted by four arms and secured in place by locknut and bolts. An
upper and a lower limiter are used to limit the flapping movements ROTATING CONTROLS
between - 10° and + 12°
The TR interfaces the flight control system via the rotating controls. The
• four elastomeric bearings make the connection between the blades and rotating controls receive inputs from the TR actuator and transform them to
the hub and permit lead/lag, flap, pitch change and movement of the
give the required blade pitch-angle changes.
blades. In the centre of the elastomeric bearing is inserted a titanium bolt
The TR controls include:
that greatly add to the stiffness of the hub
• a spider installed over a sliding tube. The sliding tube is installed on the
• four elastomeric dampers are installed between the blades and the hub TGB mast and supplies the attachments for one end of the rotating
and dampen the lag movements of the blades. The limiting stops limit the scissors
flap movement of the blades to the maximum lateral flap position of the
blades • the rotating scissors supply a rotary drive force from the hub to the spider.
At the same time the rotating scissors turn to allow lateral pitch-change
movement

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• four pitch links, one for each blade, connect the TR blades to the spider

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TAIL ROTOR – GENERAL

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TAIL ROTOR HEAD – MAIN COMPONENTS

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TAIL ROTOR BLADE

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ROTOR BLADES

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ELASTOMERIC BEARING
Elastomeric bearings provide a resilient connection between the blades and
hub and react the loads while permitting lead/lag, flap and pitch change
movements of the blades.
The elastomeric bearings locate, within the “U” root section of the rotor blades.
The location is achieved by a shaped mounting flange at the smaller end of
the elastomeric bearing.
The shaped flange of the bearing has a recessed groove that engages with
the closed end of the blade root and pitch change arm.
Four matching holes in the pitch change arm and bearing allows the bolted
joining, with the blade secured within the two.
The pitch change arm has a clevis lug extending from the cap section. The
clevis allows the attachment of the pitch link.
The larger end of the elastomeric bearing forms a boss that has a hole drilled
through it.
The blade, with elastomeric bearing attached, is fitted between the hub arms
with the installation bolt passing through hub arms and the bearing to make
the attachment.
The installation bolt is hollow to house dynamic balancing weights.
The bolt is externally covered with a solid lubricant film.

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ELASTOMERIC BEARING – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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ELASTOMERIC BEARING – TYPICAL DAMAGE

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TAIL ROTOR HEAD – REMOVAL / INSTALLATION (SHEET 1 OF 2)

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TAIL ROTOR HEAD – REMOVAL / INSTALLATION (SHEET 2 OF 2)

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ICN-39-A-640000-G-A0126-00900-A-01-1

ROTATING CONTROLS

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ICN-39-A-640000-G-A0126-00901-A-01-1

SPIDER AND SLIDER ASSEMBLY – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 1 OF 2)

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SPIDER AND SLIDER ASSEMBLY – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 2 OF 2)

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ICN-39-A-640000-G-A0126-00903-A-01-1

SLIDER BUSHING – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• The materials that follow are dangerous. Make sure that you know all the
safety precautions and first aid instructions for these materials:
• Primer
• Corrosion inhibitor
• Solvent
• Liquid nitrogen
• Be careful when you use the compressed air. Dust and particles can
cause injury to your eyes. Always use applicable protective goggles.
• Be careful when you use the liquid nitrogen. Cold parts can cause injury
to the persons. Always use applicable protective clothing.

SPECIAL TOOL/TEST EQUIPMENT

• TR pitch link adjustment tool
• TR duplex bearing removal tool
• TR duplex bearing installation tool
• TR slider bushing removal tool
• TR spider and slider assembly removal tool.

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ICN-39-A-640000-G-A0126-03360-A-01-1

TAIL ROTOR – ROTATING CONTROLS

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SECTION 10 - ROTOR BLADES

DESCRIPTION
The tail rotor blades are made from composite materials.
The main element of the tail rotor blade is a spar that extends from root to tip.
The spar is a “D”, cross section with the rounded end forming the blade leading
edge.
The basis of construction is a glass fibre former, which is then wrapped with
cross-ply layers of glass fibre.
The root end is formed by an open “U” shape for attachment to the tail rotor
hub, utilizing an elastomeric bearing interface.
The spar tip is formed to give a swept back aerodynamic curve.
A honeycomb core is bonded to the flattened end of the spar and extends back,
tapered, to form a trailing edge.
The spar and honeycomb are then further wrapped with fibre glass fabric and
tape to form the finished airfoil with a constant chord.
A nickel alloy metal shield is formed around the leading edge, and bonded in
place, to provide protection against erosion.
The pitch change arm is a metallic bracket bonded at the root of the blade.
The blade is assembled together with the elastomeric bearing and the damper
attachment; the whole assembly is removed or installed at the same time.
The blades have a very long service life and are statically balanced at
manufacture process to achieve an individual interchangeability.
The blades are interfaced with the rotor head and could be provided with
heating mats for anti-icing purposes.

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ICN-39-A-641000-G-A0126-00905-A-01-1

TAIL ROTOR

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ROTOR BLADES

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ELASTOMERIC BEARING
Elastomeric bearings provide a resilient connection between the blades and
hub and react the loads while permitting lead/lag, flap and pitch change
movements of the blades.
The elastomeric bearings locate, within the “U” root section of the rotor blades.
The location is achieved by a shaped mounting flange at the smaller end of
the elastomeric bearing.
The shaped flange of the bearing has a recessed groove that engages with
the closed end of the blade root and pitch change arm.
Four matching holes in the pitch change arm and bearing allows the bolted
joining, with the blade secured within the two.
The pitch change arm has a clevis lug extending from the cap section. The
clevis allows the attachment of the pitch link.
The larger end of the elastomeric bearing forms a boss that has a hole drilled
through it.
The blade, with elastomeric bearing attached, is fitted between the hub arms
with the installation bolt passing through hub arms and the bearing to make
the attachment.
The installation bolt is hollow to house dynamic balancing weights.
The bolt is externally covered with a solid lubricant film.

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ICN-39-A-641000-G-A0126-00907-A-01-1

ELASTOMERIC BEARING – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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ICN-39-A-641000-G-A0126-00908-A-01-1

ELASTOMERIC BEARING – TYPICAL DAMAGE

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FLAP LIMITING STOPS

Tail rotor blade flap movement is limited by stops.
At each hub arm, where the elastomeric bearings attach, two stops are fitted,
one on each arm together with a shim.
Stops are bolted between hub arm and the elastomeric bearing boss.
At each blade root, matching stops are also fitted.
Stops are bolted together with the damper attachment.

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ICN-39-A-641000-G-A0126-00909-A-01-1

TAIL ROTOR BLADE ASSEMBLY – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 1 OF 3)

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MAINTENANCE INFORMATION • The blade damper attachment bushes are removed using a tool.
• Each blade bolt and its related parts must be identified as a set with a • A blade dynamic check must be carried out after replacement of a tail
permanent marking pen and their location recorded. rotor blade.
• Pushing or pulling the tail rotor blades is not allowed because it’s easy to
cause damage. Main rotor is to be turned to set the tail rotor to the
LEADING PARTICULARS
necessary position.
• The tail rotor blade to be installed/removed must be in the horizontal • Blade radius............................................................. 1.35 m (4.43 ft)
position.
• Total blade twist............................................................................ 8°
• The blade is installed inside the hub arms using a tool.
• Blade assembly weight (including elastomeric
• The blade bolt is removed using a puller tool and installed with an bearing and damper attachment)............................. 5.7 Kg (12.6 lb)
installation pin tool.
• The blade bolt must be handled with a cheesecloth otherwise the external
layer of solid lubricant film can be damaged.
• If the solid film lubricant layer on the blade bolt is damaged on specific
areas, the layer must be repaired or replaced.
• A new hub flap stop shim thickness has to be calculated when replacing
the:
• elastomeric bearing
• hub flap stop
• hub
• blade
• When installing a damper the eye-end with the yellow reference paint
must be installed on the damper attachment on the blade (with the same
color).
• A new bearing shim thickness has to be calculated in case of replacement
of the elastomeric bearing or the tail rotor blade.
• When calculating a new bearing shim thickness make sure that the
elastomeric bearing installation bolts do not touch the end of the thread.
If necessary, spacer washers must be used.

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ICN-39-A-641000-G-A0126-00910-A-01-1

TAIL ROTOR BALDE ASSEMBLY – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 2 OF 3)

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TAIL ROTOR BALDE ASSEMBLY – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 3 OF 3)

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ICN-39-A-641000-G-A0126-00912-A-01-1

BLADE DAMPER ATTACHMENT – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• Be careful when you turn the rotors.
Make sure that the rotors are clear.
An injury to persons and/or damage to the equipment can occur.
• Be careful when you remove/install the tail rotor blade.
The tail rotor blade is heavy.
An incorrect movement can cause an injury to persons and/or damage
to the equipment.
In this procedure, get a second person to help you to put the tail rotor
blade in position on the hub arm.
• The materials that follow are dangerous.
Make sure that you know all the safety precautions and first aid
instructions for these materials:
• Primer.
• Corrosion inhibitor.
• Solvent.
• Sealing compound.

SPECIAL TOOL / TEST EQUIPMENT

• Blades stand.
• TR blade installation retractor tool.
• TR damper attachment bushing removal tool.

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ICN-39-A-641000-G-A0126-00913-A-01-1

ELASTOMERIC BEARING – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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ICN-39-A-641000-G-A0126-00914-A-01-1

SPECIAL TOOLS/ TEST EQUIPMENT (SHEET 1 OF 2)

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SPECIAL TOOLS/ TEST EQUIPMENT (SHEET 2 OF 2)

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SECTION 20 - ROTOR HEAD

DESCRIPTION The ring nut screws down but does not directly load the top conical ring. The
load on the conical ring is applied by eight bolts that screw through the ring nut
HUB and apply a force on the pressure washer, to load it on to the conical ring.
The hub connects to the TGB mast and provides connections for the four rotor The bolts are tightened in a special sequential order to ensure an even
blades, via elastomeric bearings and elastomeric blade dampers. Limiting circumferential loading.
stops for blade flap are also included in the assembly. To prevent rotation of the ring nut, a locking flange is part of the assembly.
The hub is a one-piece, forged, titanium unit, machined to its final form. Its The locking flange has two keys formed on its inner circumference. These keys
basic form is a central tube with four arms. locate in keyways cut into the mast and slider bushing thus preventing the ring
The arms are aligned as pairs to form a clevis, through which an attachment from rotating.
bolt will hold the elastomeric bearing with the blade. The locking flange is assembled on top of the ring nut, and when the eight bolts
At the ends of the arms a lug is formed in the same plane as the arm but extends are fitted, they pass through the locking flange, thus effectively securing the
at almost a right angle. locking flange to the ring nut.
These lugs provide the attachment of a bracket that allows the connection of
one end of the elastomeric damper.
On the outer side of the hub, two lugs are formed to provide the attachment
points for scissors link that provides drive and articulation with the pitch change
mechanism movement. The centre of the hub is splined, to couple with splines
on the TGB mast.
The hub engages with the mast and is supported on the mast by conical rings.
Two bottom half conical rings are installed within the inner side of the hub and
locate on a shoulder inside the hub.
When the hub is fitted on the TGB mast, the inner conical face of the half rings
locates on a ramp section of the mast.
A top conical ring is then fitted on the mast, and the conical, outer,
circumference of this ring matches with a conical section at the outer side of
the hub.
The top conical ring, the bottom half conical rings and the hub splines are
covered with a solid lubricant film.
The hub is then retained by a pressure washer and ring-nut combination.

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TAIL ROTOR HEAD

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ELASTOMERIC DAMPERS
Elastomeric dampers fit between the blades and hub to dampen lead and lag
movements of the blades.
A bracket attaches between the arms of the hub, and clevis lugs on the bracket
allow the bolt attachment of one end of the damper.
At the root of the blade is installed the damper attachment that provides the
bolt attachment of the other end of the damper.
In construction the damper comprises a central shaft assembly within a tubular
body.
The closed end of the body has a spherical bearing fitting.
The end of the central shaft that extends from the body also has a spherical
bearing fitting.
Damping is provided by two elastomeric elements, that are bonded between
the central shaft and an outer sleeve. The sleeve is fitted inside the body and
held in the body by a barrel nut.
Damping movements can take place between the body and shaft, with the
elastomeric elements absorbing and regulating the load transfer rates.
Stops within the dampers provide limits to the travel as needed.

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ICN-39-A-642000-G-A0126-00917-A-01-1

ELASTOMERIC DAMPERS – DETAILED INSPECTIONS

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MAINTENANCE INFORMATION SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• The top conical ring and the bottom half control rings must be handled • Be careful when you turn the rotors. Make sure that the rotors are clear.
with a cheesecloth otherwise the external layer of solid lubricant film can An injury to persons and/or damage to the equipment can occur.
be damaged. • Be careful when you remove/install the tail rotor group. The tail rotor
• If the solid lubricant film layer on the top conical ring bottom half conical group is heavy. An incorrect movement can cause an injury to persons
rings and hub splines is damaged on specific areas, the layer must be and/or damage to the equipment.
repaired or replaced. • The materials that follow are dangerous. Make sure that you know all the
• Identify the tail rotor head installation bolts by writing its number (1 thru safety precautions and first aid instructions for these materials:
8) on the head using a permanent marking pen. • primer
• Tail rotor installation bolts are tightened by subsequent torque increments
• corrosion inhibitor
in sequence, waiting 5 minutes between every torque increment and then
checking the torque value. This operation is done twice. • solvent.
• Tail rotor head removal/installation must be carried out carefully to avoid • As per I.L. AW139-08-006, (task CM64-01, belonging to the Certification
damaging the hub and the mast splines. Maintenance Requirements CMR in Chapter 4 of the AMPI).
• Dynamic balance must be carried out after rotor head installation. Has to be satisfied by recording the exact values of the Tail Rotor Damper
bearing play and by following thoroughly the instructions contained in
• When installing a damper, the eye-end with the yellow reference paint AMP Data Module 39-A-64-21-00-00A-286A-A, Tail rotor head
must be installed on the damper attachment on the blade with the same installation - Lag damper spherical bearings-Detailed inspection,
color. therefore avoiding qualitative methods.
• When replacing a damper you must adjust the length using a template. It is thus recommended to use local means (electronic/paper tables) to
keep track of the values measured during the inspection, information that
• The top conical ring is removed using a tool.
remains available to the operators for historical record keeping purposes.
• The rotor head is removed using a tool and a sling. The purpose of the inspection is, indeed, to guarantee that the bearing
• The rotor head is installed using a sling. is in the condition to work properly in its seat, in order to ensure the correct
load path on the damper rod end. The design tolerances and the admitted
values on allowable play of the Tail Rotor Damper rod end bearing have
LEADING PARTICULARS been established in order to ensure this correct functioning.

• Tail rotor head weight (hub and dampers)............. 10.1 Kg (22.3 lb)

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ICN-39-A-642000-G-A0126-00918-A-01-1

TAIL ROTOR HEAD – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 1 OF 2)

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ICN-39-A-642000-G-A0126-00919-A-01-1

TAIL ROTOR HEAD – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 2 OF 2)

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TAIL ROTOR DAMPER – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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SPECIAL TOOL/TEST EQUIPMENT

• TR head sling
• TR head trolley
• TR head removal tool
• TR top conical ring removal tool (part of MR/TR top ring removal kit)
• TR damper adjustment tool
• TR damper rod end removal/installation tool

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ICN-39-A-642000-G-A0126-00921-A-01-1

SPECIAL TOOLS – TEST EQUIPMENTS (SHEET 1 OF 4)

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ICN-39-A-642000-G-A0126-00922-A-01-1

SPECIAL TOOLS – TEST EQUIPMENTS (SHEET 2 OF 4)

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ICN-39-A-642000-G-A0126-00923-A-01-1

SPECIAL TOOLS – TEST EQUIPMENTS (SHEET 3 OF 4)

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ICN-39-A-642000-G-A0126-00924-A-01-1

SPECIAL TOOLS – TEST EQUIPMENTS (SHEET 4 OF 4)

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SECTION 30 - ROTATING CONTROLS

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION A securing nut and washer then clamps the inner race to the pitch change rod
providing the inner race preload.
The rotating controls consist of the following main components: At final assembly of the spider a cover is fitted over the spider together with a
• spider and slider assembly shim used to provide correct bearing outer race preload.
• rotating scissors The cover has four holes that match with the spider and slider assembly, thus,
a four bolt connection clamps the slider, spider and cover together.
• pitch links An extension ring section on the cover fits inside the end of the slider.
The ring section butts against the outer race of the duplex bearing to provide
the outer race preload.
SPIDER AND SLIDER ASSEMBLY The slider and its slider bushing are protected by being enclosed within a
The spider is a one piece forging that is machined to its final form. flexible boot arrangement.
It comprises a hub from which extend four arms. The outer end of the boot, as installed on the aircraft, has a spring ring that
The centre of the hub has a hole, into which fits one end of the slider. loads it to the slider, and is further clamped by a locking wire wrap.
Each arm forms a clevis, which provides the attachment of one end of the pitch The inner end of the boot has a formed lip which locates in a groove in the
link. slider bushing.
The slider is a tube that has a flanged boss formed at one end. The inner end is also clamped in place by a lock wire wrap.
When assembled to the hub together with the spider the longer tube end will The sliding movement can take place while being protected from the ingress
be inserted inside a slider bushing that is mounted inside the TGB mast. of contaminants.
The flanged boss at the other end of the tube provides for the mounting for the A small breather hole in the boot allows for air exchange with movement of the
spider, the containment of the duplex bearing and the attachment of one end boot.
of the rotating scissors.
The spider fits over the outer diameter of the tube end and locates against an
outer flange.
Four holes in the flange and the spider hub are aligned, to enable the
connection of spider to slider with bolts together with the cover.
The duplex ball bearing interfaces between the non-rotating tail rotor
servoactuator pitch control rod and the rotating spider and slider assembly.
The bearing outer race fits inside the end of the slider and locates on an inner
flange.
When assembled the inner race of the bearing fits on the pitch control rod,
locating on a shoulder formed on the rod.

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ROTATING CONTROLS (SHEET 1 OF 2)

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ROTATING SCISSORS • A new shim thickness has to be calculated when replacing the cover. The
thickness of the shim must be lower than the clearance measured
The rotating scissors provide a rotary drive force from the hub to the spider
between the cover and the spider.
and at the same time articulates, to allow pitch change movement.
The rotating scissors connect between bosses formed on the hub and to the • In case of replacing either the spider and slider assembly or the duplex
slider boss. bearing, a check must be carried out after the installation on the rotor
The connections are made by bolts. head; the difference between the dimension X (measured between spider
A shim is provided between each half scissors. plane and slider plane) and dimension Y (measure of the duplex bearing)
must be equal to dimension Z (measured between the spider plane and
the duplex bearing) after torque loading the securing nut on the tail rotor
PITCH LINKS servoactuator pitch control rod.
• The duplex bearing must be refrigerated at -40 °C for 1.5 hours before
The pitch links are control rods that connect from the arms of the spider to each
tail rotor blade pitch change arm. its installation on the spider and slider assembly.
The links comprise a tie rod with adjustable rod ends and spherical bearings. • After cleaning the duplex bearing, it must be dried without letting it turn
The pitch links are connected to the trailing edge side of the blade. in order to avoid damage.
• The duplex bearing is removed using a tool.

MAINTENANCE INFORMATION • The duplex bearing is installed using a tool and a press.
• The bolts securing the pitch link must be installed with the head facing • The slider bushing must be put in liquid nitrogen for approximately 1
minute before its installation fully against the tail rotor mast.
the direction of rotation.
• The slider bushing is removed using a special tool.
• When removing the pitch link, keep the bolt and its related parts as a set.
• In case of a pitch link replacement, the new length must be adjusted to • A blade dynamic balancing check must be carried out after a replacement
of:
the value of the pitch link replaced using a template.
When installing the rotating scissors, each fork with the yellow reference
• pitch link
•
paint must be installed on the slider and on the hub attachments with the • spider and slider assembly.
same color.
• The position of the bolts attaching the rotating scissor must be recorded
before removal. LEADING PARTICULARS
• A new shim thickness has to be calculated when replacing the rotating Rotating controls weights.........................................
• 5.1 Kg (11.2 lb)
scissors. The clearance between the half scissor flanges must be
measured with the scissors installed (without shim), torqued and in the
position where the maximum play exists.

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PITCH LINK – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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ROTATING SCISSORS – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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SPIDER AND SLIDER ASSEMBLY – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 1 OF 2)

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SPIDER AND SLIDER ASSEMBLY – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION (SHEET 2 OF 2)

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SLIDER BUSHING – REMOVAL/INSTALLATION

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ROTATING CONTROLS (SHEET 2 OF 2)

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• The materials that follow are dangerous. Make sure that you know all the
safety precautions and first aid instructions for these materials:
• Primer
• Corrosion inhibitor
• Solvent
• Liquid nitrogen
• Be careful when you use the compressed air. Dust and particles can
cause injury to your eyes. Always use applicable protective goggles.
• Be careful when you use the liquid nitrogen. Cold parts can cause injury
to the persons. Always use applicable protective clothing.

SPECIAL TOOL / TEST EQUIPMENT

• TR pitch link adjustment tool
• TR duplex bearing removal tool
• TR duplex bearing installation tool
• TR slider bushing removal tool
• TR spider and slider assembly removal tool.

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SPECIAL TOOLS/TEST EQUIPMENT (SHEET 1 OF 4)

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SPECIAL TOOLS/TEST EQUIPMENT (SHEET 2 OF 4)

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SPECIAL TOOLS/TEST EQUIPMENT (SHEET 3 OF 4)

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SPECIAL TOOLS/TEST EQUIPMENT (SHEET 4 OF 4)

End of data module 39-A-64-30-00-00A-046A-T

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