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Arithematic Mean

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36 views

Arithematic Mean

Uploaded by

siddiquigujjar551
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Average: A single value which represents whole set of data .


Types of Average:
(1) Arithmetic Mean (2) Median (3) Mode (4) Geometric Mean (5) Harmonic Mean
Arithmetic Mean: The Arithmetic Mean is so much used in every day that nearly all
of us are quite familiar with its concept. It is obtained by dividing the sum of all given
observations of a particular problem by their numbers.
Calculation of Arithmetic Mean from Un-grouped Data:
Direct Method: In this method Arithmetic Mean is obtained by dividing all the given

observations of a problem by their numbers.


Q1: Calculate the Arithmetic Mean of the following marks of students. 35, 42, 31, 27, 48,
50, 24, 27, 21, 37, 41, 34, 12, 18, 27
Sol.:
X 35 42 31 27 48 50 24 27 21 37 41 34 12 18 27 474

Short Cut Method:


In this method, deviations (differences) are calculated from provisional mean
(P.M.), then we apply the formula:

Q: Compute the Mean by (a) by definition (b) taking assumed mean 80


90, 105, 75, 90, 60, 45, 60, 90, 105, 120
Sol.:
X 45 60 60 75 90 90 90 105 105 120
D = x-80 -35 -20 -20 -5 10 10 10 25 25 40
(i) By definition:

(ii) By shortcut method


Computation of Arithmetic Mean for Group Data:
There are three methods for computing the mean for grouped data

Properties of Arithmetic Mean:


(i) The sum of deviations from Arithmetic Mean of any series is zero.

i.e.,  (X – )=0
For the observations 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, Show that (X- )=0

X 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 175
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 0
X-

(ii) The sum of square of deviation from Arithmetic Mean is smaller than those of any

other values. (X- )²  (X-A)² if  A.


EXAMPLE:
For the observation 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40. Show that sum of squares of
deviations from mean is less than 20 and 27.
total
X 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 175
225 100 25 0 25 100 225 700
(X- )²
(X-20)² 100 25 0 25 100 225 400 875
(X-27)² 289 144 49 4 9 64 169 728

(iii) The product of the Arithmetic Mean and the number of values n, on which
mean is based is equal to the sum of the values.

The Arithmetic Mean of a constant is constant i.e., =A


EXAMPLE: For the observations 6,6,6,6,6,6,

Mean is = 6, X = 6, 6, 6,6,6,6 x = 36, = 36/6 = 6

(v) Mean is affected by origin i.e., addition or subtraction of a constant from each
value, affects the mean.

Mean (X+A) = + A Mean (X-A) = -A


This shows that mean is not independent of origin.
For the observations 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45
(i) Find Mean (ii) Add 3 to each value, then find Mean (iii) Subtract 5 from each
value, then find mean.
X 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 225
X+3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 252
X-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 180

= 225/9 = 25
Mean (X+3) = 252 /9 = 28 Mean (x-5) = 180/9 = 20

So Mean (x+3) = +3 So Mean (x-5) = -5


28 = 25 + 3 20 = 25 - 5
28 = 28 20 = 20
(vi) Mean is affected by scale or unit of measurement i.e., multiplying or division of

each value of a variable by a constant affected the mean i.e., Mean (A ) = AX,

Mean (X/A) = /A
This shows that Mean is not independent of scale.
Example :- For the observations 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45
(i) Find Mean (ii) Multiply each observation by 2, then find Mean (iii) Divide each
observation by 5, then find Mean.

X 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 225
2x 1 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 450
0
X/5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 45

Q: By multiplying each number 3,6,2,1,7,5 by 2 and then adding 5, we obtain values


11,17,9,7,19,15. What is the relationship between two means?
Computation of Arithmetic Mean for Group Data:
There are three methods for computing the mean for grouped data

Q:The following frequency distribution shows the weekly income of 100 households in a
locality. Calculate the Arithmetic Mean.
Income 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69
Frequency 13 15 28 17 12 10 5

Sol.
Income F X Fx
35-39 13 37 481
40-44 15 42 630
45-49 28 47 1316
50-54 17 52 884
55-59 12 57 684
60-64 10 62 620
65-69 5 67 335
100 4950
Q: Calculate the average marks for the following data by Step-deviation method.
Marks 0-10 10-20 20- 30-40 40-50 50- 60-70
30 60
No. of students 5 12 15 25 8 3 2

Sol.
Classes f D=x-35 U Fu
0-10 5 -30 -3 -15
10-20 12 -20 -2 -24
20-30 15 -10 -1 -15
30-40 25 0 0 0
40-50 8 10 1 8
50-60 3 20 2 6
60-70 2 30 3 6

COMBINED MEAN
PRACTICE QUESTION
Q1. The deviation from x = 25.5 of 10 different values are –15.4, -1.9, 6.2, 13.7, 3.8, -7.9, -
13.6, 21.1, 16.4 and -9.8. Calculate the Arithmetic Mean.

Q2. The mean of the values 3, 10, 8, 5 and 4 is 6. The deviations of these values from
the mean 6 are –3, 4, 2, -1 and –2 with sum equal to zero. Prove this numerically.
Q3: The following data has been obtain from a frequency distribution of a continuous
variable X, after making the submission
U = x – 168/3
U -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
F 4 8 26 53 89 62 48 14 6

Q4:For a certain distribution Σ(x-50) = -10, Σ(x-46) = 70, find the value of mean and no.
of observation
Q5: Out of 100 numbers 25 were 4’s,. 30 were 5’s, 40 were 6’s and remainder were 7’s,
find the average of numbers.

Q6: The following values have been obtained from the two different frequency
distributions of weights (in lbs.) having 125 and 200 observations.
X = 20 + 5U and Y = 15 + V (i) Σfu = -115, (ii) Σfv = 92. Find which of the two
distribution has greater average.
Q7:Which is better on the average?
Marks 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
Class-A 100 120 86 45 18 12
Class-B 90 140 75 50 15 10

Q8: The mean of 3 groups each containing ten values are 10, 20, 30. Find the mean for
thirty values
Q9: The mean of marks 80 students in certain was 65. The mean of marks of male
students is 70 and that of female student is 50. Find the number of boys & the number of
girls in the class.

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