Grade-6 MSCS

Unit 3: Impacts of Transitions in Europe

Lesson 1: The Renaissance.
Lesson 2: The Printing Press.
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Learning Objectives:
● To learn about the importance and achievements during the Renaissance in the
European Society.
● Express some of the problems that can come from social inequality.
● How the patenting press was invented and developed, effect of mass printing on
European society.
● Explain the importance of literacy for the society
I. Fill in the Blanks:
1. In _______________, the word ‘Renaissance' means ‘rebirth’.
Ans: French
2. In ___________, the astronomer Copernicus, published a paper illustrating that the Earth
orbited the Sun.
Ans: 1532 CE
3. In 1436 CE, an inventor named ____________________ designed a new kind of printing press
that used metal blocks in a metal frame.
Ans: Johannes Gutenberg
4. The Renaissance brought about many changes to _____________ society during the 15th
and the 16th century.
Ans: European
5. In 1041 CE, an inventor named ______________invented the moveable type of
printing press.
Ans: Pi Sheng
II. Match the following:
6. Raphael artist during the middle ages in Europe.
7. Yajnavalkya Indian philosopher,
8. Galileo invented the telescope.
9. Johann Fust invested money into the idea of printing books.
10. China invented the printing press.
III. Answer the Following:
11. Who was Aristarchus? What was his theory?
Ans: Aristarchus of Samos, a Byzantine scholar from an area of present-day Turkey.
He proposed the theory that the earth orbited the sun ,1800 years before.
12. Burghers played an essential role in the development of cities and universities.
Evaluate the statement.
Ans:
● A new type of social class of people appeared in European society. This class
People were called the Burghers, and they were the leaders and officials of the cities.
● This rise of cities also led to the growth of universities and the importance of education.
13. How would you explain the Renaissance?
Ans: The Black Death was one of the most destructive periods in European history. Italy in
particular suffered great losses of life because of the plague. However, this terrible event
led into a time of artistic, cultural, and intellectual achievement in the 15th and 16th
centuries CE. This time was known as the ‘Renaissance.’
14. Explain the developments that took place during the Renaissance in Europe ?
Ans: ● Renaissance was a period of innovation and Creativity.
● During the Renaissance there were developments of new farming technology, new
mechanical processes, and new weapons for warfare.
● Farms became more productive which helped the European Economy grow stronger and
trade also expanded.
15. What is Feudalism?
Ans:
● During medieval times, European society was structured around the relationship
between landowners and farmers or workers called Feudalism.
● The landowner was usually a soldier called a lord, who had been given property by
the king.
● The landowner loaned out his land to a ‘vassal’ to farm the land.
Serfs or peasants, lived on and farmed the land supervised by the vassals.
16. Draw the pyramid to show the Feudal Hierarchy during the middle ages in Europe.

17. Mass printing caused an incredible transformation of European society- How?

Ans: Most people were illiterate in Europe. After inventing the printing press now with
the growth of the banking and trade industries, more and more literate staff and officials
were needed. This led to much higher enrollment into schools and universities,
which increased the need for the mass production of educational textbooks for students.
In this way, education was no longer just for the rich upper classes. The printing press
signaled the beginning of a more literate, educated European middle class.
Home work:
1. Explain how the printing press was a boon during the middle ages.
 G6 - MSCS - SA II (2023-24)
Unit - 3 - Impacts of Transition in Europe
Lesson 3 - The Age of Discovery
Lesson 4 - The Fur and Spice Traders
___________________________________________________________________________
Learning Objective:
● To analyze the social and economic causes of the Age of Discovery.
● To discuss the impact of the Age of Discovery on European society.
● To consider the fairness of exploiting the resources of another country.
● Identify the economic causes of the fur and spice trades
● Appreciate the hard work of producing common goods

Choose the correct answer

1) Christopher Columbus sailed for the New World on behalf of which European
country?
Ans: Spain.
2) _____________, may have traveled from Italy, around South Africa to China in 1269
CE.
Ans: d) Marco Polo.
3) In 1498 CE, the Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama sailed thousands of miles to
India to search for spices. Bartholomeu Dias
Ans: c) Vasco da Gama.
4) In 1492 CE, Christopher Columbus started a voyage to find a shorter route
to_________________.
Ans: a) South East Asia and Central South America.
5) Explorers from France and England sailed to what is now known as ______________
Ans: a) The United States and Canada.

Fill in the blanks

6) The Renaissance was a period of________________.
Ans: Innovation and creativity.
7) When Europe entered into a new, adventurous period in the early 15th century CE,
This period of history was called ________________.
Ans: The Age of Discovery in Europe.
8) ________________of these technologies has been improved in the Age of
Exploration.
Ans: Mapping.
9) The Fur trade began in ________________ in the 16th century CE.
Ans: Canada.
10) During the Age of Discovery, ____________ and ________________ were two of the
most popular goods among European explorers.
Ans: Furs and spices.
True or False.
11) Ancient civilizations were bigger than classical civilizations - False
12) Europe had a lot of furs and spices to trade with other people - False
13) Christopher Columbus explored Asia - False
14) The Anglo-Dutch War was between England and Portugal - False
15) Fur hats were fashionable in Europe - True
16) The English violated the Navigation Act, which started the Anglo-Dutch War - False

Answer the following

17) What is the significance of the Age of Exploration?
Ans: The Age of Exploration, sometimes called the Age of Discovery,
officially began in the early 15th century and lasted through the 17th century. The
period is characterized as a time when Europeans began exploring the world by sea in
search of new trading routes, wealth, and knowledge. The Voyages of Discovery were
the sea voyages to other continents made by Christopher Columbus, Sir Francis
Drake, Ferdinand Magellan, Captain Cook, and others in the 15th to 18th centuries.
The Age of Exploration had a significant impact on geography. By traveling to
different regions around the globe, explorers were able to learn more about areas such
as Africa and America and bring that knowledge back to Europe.
18) "How did the geographical distribution of the spice trade impact economic and
cultural developments in regions such as the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and
the Middle East, and what role did it play in shaping global trade dynamics during
that historical period?"
Or
Where was the spice trade located?
Ans: The Spice Route also known as Maritime Silk Roads, is the name given
to the network of sea routes that link the East with the West. They stretch from the
west coast of Japan, through the islands of Indonesia, around India to the lands of the
Middle East, and from there, across the Mediterranean to Europe.
19) Who invented spices?
Ans: The earliest written records of spices come from ancient Egyptian,
Chinese, and Indian cultures. The Ebers Papyrus from early Egypt dating from 1550
BCE describes some eight hundred different herbal medicinal remedies and numerous
medicinal procedures.

20) Why was the spice trade so important to the explorers?

Ans: Spices were highly valued because, as well as being used in cooking,
many had ritual, religious or medical uses. They were of high value because of their
relative geographical scarcity. Spices could only be grown in the tropical East, in the
South of China, Indonesia as well as in Southern India and Sri Lanka.

21) How did the spice trade impact the world?

Ans: In its day, the spice trade was the world's biggest industry: it established
and destroyed empires, led to the discovery of new continents, and in many ways
helped lay the foundation for the modern world.
 -
Grade-6 MSCS
Unit 3: Impacts of Transitions in Europe
Lesson 5: Gold.
Lesson 6: The Age of Sail.
_______________________________________________________________________

Learning Objectives:
● To learn about some of the economic issues involved with using gold as currency.
● Express some of the problems that can come from social inequality.
● Analyse how the value of currency can be protected.
● To learn about the daily jobs and duties, of a sailor during the 15th and 16th centuries
● To learn some of the dangers of the sea trade.

I. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Gold is a symbol of _________________ and ____________.
Ans: wealth and value
2. The ancient Egyptians were the first people to use gold around ___________.
Ans: 4000 BCE
3. In 1560 CE, ___________________ revalued all the coins in circulation in Britain finances.
Ans: Queen Elizabeth I
4. The most important of the crew was _____________.
Ans: The shipmaster or master.
5. The officers who helped the master manage the ship called _______________.
Ans: mates.
6. Paper money list used in _______around 618 CE. Later, the ________ used paper
money as a medium of exchange for over five hundred years.
Ans: China , Mongols
7. The king of ____________ issued paper money in 1294 CE to its citizens, however, it
did not succeed
Ans: Persia
II. Answer the Following:
8. Why were gold coins better than gold bars?
Ans: They were easier to carry.

9. What machines helped to protect the value of gold coins?

Ans: A machine that could always make sure the coins were 100% gold.
10. Where was paper money first used?
Ans: In China.
11. What did Queen Elizabeth-I do to protect the value of Silver coins?
Ans: Queen Elizabeth I punished people who tried to devalue the coins.
12. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of gold coins and paper money?
Ans:

Gold Coins Paper Money

Advantages. Advantages:
1. Easier to carry 1. Easier to carry
2. Made into different values 2. Easy to print

Disadvantages. Disadvantages:
1. Difficult to produce 1. Traders did not trust the paper money
2. Coin could be devalued 2. Chance of getting damaged quickly.

13. What did each of these people do on a trading ship? Write your ideas below.

Master:
Ans: Shipmaster, or master made all of the decisions on board the ship, from
ordering the supplies to choosing the crew and sailing routes, to navigating the
ship during the voyage. The master was also in charge of handling all of the
paperwork involved in the voyage.

First mate:
Ans: The second most important person on the ship was the 'first mate.' His
job was to receive orders from the master and give them to the crew.

Crew Member:
Ans: The crew's job is to row the ship through the water, steer it, keep watch
over the ocean for any dangers, and make sure the sails were raised and
lowered at the proper times. The crew spent most of their day doing these jobs
on deck, outside in the open air.

Idler:
Ans: Merchant ships had other workmen on board. These men were called
'idlers.' They were usually carpenters, sailmakers, and cooks. The carpenters
repaired any damage to the ship. The sailmakers mended and fixed the sails.
The cooks prepared meals for the master and his crew.
14. Differentiate between Pirates and Privateers.
Ans:
Pirates Privateers

● Pirate ships roamed the oceans Were sailors, who were hired by their
government to attack ships from countries they
during the 17th and 18th centuries,
were at war with
attacking and robbing trading ships.

Privateers were not paid by their government, so

they often kept a large part of the cargo from the
trading ships they attacked.
 G6- MSCS-SA-2 (23-24)
Unit 1: Government Services
Lesson 1 - How the Government Functions
_________________________________________________________________
I. Fill in the blanks:
1. Most of the governments in the countries have a __________________.
Ans: Constitution.
2. Each political system is based on the cooperation of ______________.
Ans: Political parties.
3. It is the responsibility of __________________ to carry out and enforce the
laws and policies made by political leaders.
Ans: Government officials.
II. Define the following
1. Constitution: A constitution is a document that explains the roles and
responsibilities of all governmental departments and positions.
III. Answer the following:
1. What do you know about political systems?
Ans: Political systems are well created and organized for a safe living
environment for the people who live in the countries.
2. What is the role of political leaders in a political system?
Ans: Each political system is based on the cooperation of political leaders,
who discuss, debate, and decide policies, and officials who put policies into
action.
3. What are the responsibilities of government officials?
Ans: The responsibilities of government officials are to carry out and
enforce the laws and policies made by political leaders.
4. Why is it said that government officials need to be politically neutral?
Ans: The government officials need to be politically neutral because they
may give advice on policy making to political leaders this will keep the
government running smoothly and effectively.
HOME WORK

1. Write a short note about your favorite political leader.

 Lesson 2-Modern Political System
_____________________________________________________________________________________

I. Fill in the Blanks:

1. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europe was involved in major
________________.
Ans: Revolutions.
2. New governments formed in Europe replaced________________ and
feudalism.
Ans: monarchies
3. The __________________ were taking place at the same time as the
Industrial Revolution.
Ans: Political revolutions
II. Answer the Following:
1. Describe the Industrial Revolution.
During the Industrial Revolution, starting about 1760 CE, the way of
producing goods changed. Up to this time, most goods were made
individually by a skilled craftsman in a workshop. During the industrial
revolution, a large number of goods were mass produced in factories at one
time. Using new machines and technology made goods easier and cheaper to
produce.
2. Write about the Social Revolution in Europe?
Many people preferred working in factories over working on farms. Cities
grew as people moved from farms to work in factories and other businesses.
The changes in people’s lives from rural farming societies to urban societies
is called the Social Revolution.
3. How has the political system changed to meet the needs of people governed
by the political system?
During the 20th century, some political systems in Europe began to change
to allow people more participation in government. One way people
participate in government is by choosing their leaders. Socialism and
communism were also popularized. In these two systems, the important idea
is to eliminate social classes and to treat everyone equally.
 Grade-6 MSCS-SA 2(23-24)
Unit 1: Government Services
Lesson 3 How Laws are Made?
_________________________________________________________________________
I. Fill in the Blanks:
1. Laws are the __________________ that every member of society must obey.
Ans: rules
2. All countries have a _________________ to protect people who live in their
countries.
Ans: Legal System
II. Answer the following:
1. Describe the various branches and functions of government.
Ans: There are three branches of government:
● Legislature:
Makes laws for the country.
● Executive:
Implement the law throughout the country
● Judiciary:
Interprets the laws(check whether the laws are obeyed or not)
2. Analyse the characteristics of Parliamentary and Presidential systems of
government.
Ans:
Parliamentary System:
● The legislative and the executive branches of government are very closely
connected.
● The leaders come from the legislative branch.
● The people elect a party or group of political officials.
Presidential System:
● The legislative and the executive branches are kept separate. It is known as
‘separation of powers’.
● Each branch of government is independent and balances the others, each
branch will have limited power.
● All branches must work together to draft, interpret, and execute laws.
3. Identify the two major types of laws.
Ans: Civil laws and Criminal laws.
● Civil laws deal mainly with problems between individuals.
 ● Criminal laws focus on violations of state or national laws.
4. Elucidate the role of the jury in a Legal System.
Ans: In criminal law, disputes may be decided by a judge or a jury. A jury is a group
of people who are called to listen to the evidence and decide on the innocence or
guilt of the accused.
5. Why do we need a legal system? Explain.
Ans: Laws are created for the protection of people’s interests and the general safety
of society. The legal system of a country is one of the most essential tools that a
government uses to keep society functioning properly and efficiently.

Homework
● Prepare a table showing the various steps in making a law.
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Unit 1-Lesson-4- How Laws are Interpreted.

_____________________________________________________________________

I. Fill in the blanks:

1. The judiciary is a branch of the government that __________ laws or makes
decisions on legal issues.
Ans: interprets
2. The judicial branch is separate from the other branches of the government to make
it independent and ______________.
Ans: Non Political
3. The headquarters of the International Court of Justice is at _______________.
Ans: Hague
II. Define the following
1. ICJ: International Court of Justice.
2. UN: United Nations.
III. Answer the following:
1. Why was the United Nations formed?
Ans: The United Nations was formed as an international organisation to help countries
make agreements with each other and help to manage disputes between nations.
2. Explain the features of the judiciary.
Ans:
● The judiciary is a branch of the government that interprets laws or makes decisions
on legal issues.
● The judicial branch is separate from the other branches of the government to make it
 independent and Non Political.
3. Explicit the process of the country's judicial system.
Ans: A person who is accused of a crime, the person must go to the law court, where
a judge or jury will decide if the person is innocent or guilty of the crime. This
process is a part of a country’s judicial system
4. Differentiate between federal judiciaries and local judiciaries.
Ans:
Federal Judiciaries Local Judiciaries
Federal judiciaries are concerned Local judiciaries are concerned with
with federal laws. laws that are not federal law.

Federal laws are to be followed by Local laws could be laws of a city,

all people in the country. state, province, or emirate.

HOME WORK

1. Write a short note on ‘The International Court of Justice’.