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E N 12046-1:2020

Operating forces - Test method - Part 1: Windows

прийнято як національний стандарт

методом «підтвердження» за позначенням

Д С Т У E N 12046-1:2021
(En 12046-1:2020, IDT)
Навантаження. Метод випробування. Частина 1. Вікна

З наданням чинності від 2022-01-01

Відповідає офіційному тексту

З питань придбання офіційного видання звертайтесь

до національного органу стандартизації
(ДП «УкрНДНЦ» http://uas.org.ua)
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12046-1
NORMEEUROPEENNE

EUROPAlSCHE NORM August 2020

ICS 91.060.50; 91.190 Supersedes EN 12046-1:2003

English Version

Operating forces - Test method - Part 1: Windows

Forces de manoeuvre - Methode Bedienkrafte - Priifverfahren - Teil 1: Fenster
d'essai - Partie 1: Fenetre

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 July 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12046-1:2020: E
worldwide for CEN national Members
EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

C o n te n ts Page

European foreword...................................................................................................................................................iii
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions................................................................................................................................... 4
4 Principle of test............................................................................................................................................... 4
5 Apparatus........................................................................................................................................................ 5
5.1 Test rig........................................................................................................................................................................5
5.2 Linear motion..........................................................................................................................................................6
5.3 Rotary motion.........................................................................................................................................................6
6 Test specimen.................................................................................................................................................. 6
7 Conditioning and preparation of the test specimen .......................................................................... 7
7.1 Conditioning............................................................................................................................................................ 7
7.2 Preparation..............................................................................................................................................................7
8 Procedure.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.1 Test sequence..........................................................................................................................................................7
8.2 Rate of loading........................................................................................................................................................8
8.3 Disengagement of hardware............................................................................................................................ 8
8.4 Measurement of the manual force(s) to operate the casement or sash........................................8
8.4.1 For all windows with theexception of vertical sliding windows..................................... 8
8.4.2 For vertical sliding windows.......................................................................................................... 8
8.5 Full engagement of closing and locking hardware...............................................................................10
9 Expression of results...................................................................................................................................10
10 Test report...................................................................................................................................................... 10

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 EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

European foreword
This document (EN 12046-1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 "Doors,
windows, shutters, building hardware and curtain walling", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2021, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12046-1:2003.
This document is one of a series of standards for windows.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic
of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.

iii
EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

1 Scope
This document specifies the test method for determining the force required when engaging or releasing
the hardware of a window and when commencing the movement of a casement or sash, in both opening
and closing directions.
This document is applicable to all types of openable windows where the movement is a manual operation.
This document is applicable to products of any frame material.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12519. Windows and pedestrian doors — Terminology

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12519 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
manual operating forces
manual operating forces indicate the force needed to manual operate windows
3.2
linear motion
movement of casement, sash or hardware in a straight line when acted upon by an operating force; also
movement through an arc of which the radius is large in proportion to the length of the arc
3.3
rotary motion
movement, usually of hardware but also applicable to a casement or sash, in a circular path when acted
upon by an operating torque, e.g. the turning action of the bow of a key
3.4
sash weight
weight of the opening or closing sash including its infill (e.g. glazing)

4 Principle of test
The principle consists of measuring the minimum static force or torque required:
— to release or lock the hardware (locks or handles);
— to commence opening of the casement or sash;
— to continue opening/ closing of the sash (in the case of vertical sliding windows);
— to complete closing of the casement or sash.
Upon the clients request the tests may be performed on sashes/casements only to be opened for
cleaning or maintenance mode of operation.

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 EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

5 Apparatus

5.1 Test rig

A surrounding substantial steel frame with movable steel supports1) into which the sub-frames
containing test specimens of various dimensions can be mounted.
Means for the application of forces and/or torques with an accuracy of ± 5 % uniformly and
without shock.
The apparatus shall consist of either:
— weights and pulleys (see Figure 1): or
— an apparatus including a measuring device, with which the required force or torque can be smoothly
applied, coupled with an analogue or digital measuring instrument for determining measurements
with a resolution of 1 N or 0,1 Nm, and recording equipment (see Figure 2).
In neither case shall the apparatus influence the test results.

Key
1 weight
2 radius r
3 stile o f sash
4 self supported pulley
5 bow o f key
6 slot to suit bow of key

Figure 1 — Principle set up of weight and pulley mechanism as applied to a key

1) For example, a suitable frame would be o f such stiffness that the mid-span deflection of any member o f the
frame does not exceed 1/500 of its unsupported length under the action o f a force o f 1 kN applied at any point or
direction perpendicular to the length of that member.

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EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

Key
1 torque meter applied to handle
2 torque meter
3 torque
4 load cell
5 window sash
6 handle
7 recording equipment

Figure 2 — Example of a torque mechanism as applied to a handle

5.2 Linear motion

A linear actuator (hydraulic cylinder or other suitable device) coupled with an electronic load cell
and measuring and recording equipment, capable of smoothly reaching the required maximum force.
Alternatively, a weight and pulley mechanism shall be used. The apparatus shall be mounted so that
it is in line with the casement's or sash's nominal direction of travel and not deviating from it by
more than ± 5°.

5.3 Rotary motion

A torque-meter capable of measuring the torque required to operate the mechanism. The equipment
shall have an attachment for connection to the hardware (handle/key) which will enable correct
alignment of the forces during test. Alternatively, a weight and pulley mechanism can be used.
This apparatus shall also include any measuring and recording equipment.
The connection between the measuring device and the test specimen shall be such as to avoid local
damage to the test specimen and shall in no way affect its performance.

6 Test specimen
The test specimen shall be supplied in a fully operable condition. It shall be suitable for fixing into the
surrounding frame in accordance with the manufacturer's published recommendations or standardized
instructions.

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 EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

7 Conditioning and preparation of the test specimen

7.1 Conditioning
Storage and testing shall be carried out in a non-destructive environment within the ranges of 10 °С to
30 °С and 25 % to 75 % relative humidity.

7.2 Preparation

Remove all transport blocks, bracings, packaging and protective wrappings from the test specimen.
The test specimen shall be mounted level, square and without visible twist resulting from the use of
fixing devices.
Locking points in tilt and/or turn-windows should be in the "neutral position”, if the client requires
otherwise, the situation shall be stated in the test report.

8 Procedure

8.1 Test sequence

Testing shall start with the casements or sashes of the test specimen closed and with all relevant
hardware in the fully engaged position

Figure 3 — Test sequence

The presence of any safety device shall not influence the test result.
Tests shall be performed on the test specimen as received and shall be immediately preceded by manual
operation of all moving parts five times.

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EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

The application offerees or torques shall be arranged to avoid local damage to the test specimen.
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with the following predetermined sequence for the application
and measurement of the operational forces and torques:
a) disengage the closing and locking hardware;
b) commence opening;
c) remain open for approximately 30 s;
d) commence closing up to the beginning of the engagement of the closing and locking hardware;
e) fully engage the closing and locking hardware.
Repeat the sequences a) to e) three to five times and average the results.
For vertical sliding windows, follow the test sequence in Figure 3 to measure the force to start motion
of the sash as set out below in 8.4.2.1. Then subsequently follow the test sequence in Figure 3 again to
measure the force to operate the sash as set out below in 8.4.2.2.
NOTE The main compression o f the seals are part of sequence d, unless otherwise specified by the client.

8.2 Rate of loading

The maximum load shall be reached in a time between 2 s and 4 s.

8.3 Disengagement of hardware

Apply a force or torque in the direction to unlock the hardware and record the result.

8.4 Measurement of the manual force(s) to operate the casement or sash

8.4.1 For all windows with the exception of vertical sliding windows

8.4.1.1 Measurement of the force to start motion of the casement or sash

Determine the minimum force required in both the opening (from closed) and closing (to closed)
directions of travel, for a distance of 100 mm in each case and record the result.

8.4.2 For vertical sliding windows

8.4.2.1 Measurement of the force to start motion of the sash

With the fastener(s) released, measure the maximum force that is required to initiate the opening of
the sash from a closed position and the closing of the sash from an open position that is the maximum
possible up to 300 mm from the closed position, applying the forces at the point(s) and in the direction
that would be used for the conventional opening and closing of the sash.

8.4.2.2 Measurement of the force to operate the sash

Upon completion of the tests, there shall be no breakage of any function related component.
Opening operating force measurement:
a) Position the sliding sash so that the sash is (50 ± 1) mm from the closed position (see Figure 4 a) for
top sliding sash; see Figure 4 c) for bottom sliding sash).
b) Apply a load, progressively and without shock, in the direction of opening on the sliding sash until
the sliding sash has moved for at least 20 mm.

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 EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

c) Measure to an accuracy of ± 1 N and record the load in newtons.

Closing operating force measurement:
a) Position the sliding sash so that the sash is (50 ± 1) mm from the fully open position (see Figure 4 b)
for top sliding sash; see Figure 4 d) for bottom sliding sash. The fully open position is marked "1".).
The fully open position may be determined by maximum opening stops.
b) Apply a load, progressively and without shock, in the direction of closing on the sliding sash until
the sliding sash moves.
c) Measure to an accuracy of ± 1 N and record the load in newtons.
Dimensions in millimetres

a) b)

c)

Figure 4 — Test diagrams

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EN 12046-1:2020 (E)

8.5 Full engagement of closing and locking hardware

According to the type of hardware provided with the test specimen, apply a force or torque using the
apparatus as described in Clause 5 and as follows:
— install the linear/rotary mechanism so as to act in the direction of locking;
— apply a minimum force to position the casement or sash so that the closing and locking hardware
can start to be fully engaged. This force shall be held throughout the full engagement operation;
— apply and measure a force or torque sufficient to operate the hardware and record the result.

9 Expression of results
Forces shall be expressed with 2-3 significant figures, torque to 1-2 significant figures.
For classification the average force and torque shall be rounded to the nearest integer.
The final individual value and the average value of the forces from the linear actuator or from the use of
weights shall be recorded in newtons (N).
For the retention of the casement or sash in the closed position, the force shall be recorded in
newtons (N).
Linear forces (individual value and average value) on the hardware shall be recorded in newtons (N)
and the torques (individual value and average value) in newton metres (Nm).

10 Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information:
a) reference to this European Standard;
b) name of the test laboratory;
c) name of the manufacturer and applicant;
d) date of test and test report;
e) all relevant details for identifying the test specimen and apparatus:
— type including mode of operation;
— profile references;
— materials;
— description of hardware;
— specified dimensions;
— sash weight;
f) test results including any observations that may have affected the results;
g) observations as to the condition of the test specimens before and after the test.

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