MAHARASHTRA FIRE & EMERGENCY

SERVICE ACADEMY

SUB-OFFICER AND FIRE PREVENTION

OFFICER COURSE, BATCH NO.-10

O8th JANUARY 2024 TO 07 JANUARY 2025

DESSERTATION ON
"FIRE ALARM & DETECTION SYSTEM"
 Maharashtra Fire & Emergency Service
Academy

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, Shri.Shivaji Shrimant Waghmode. Roll No. 30. is

Bonafide trainee of Maharashtra Fire & Emergency Service Academy, Mumbai,
Sub Officer & Fire Prevention Officer Course Batch no. 10 and he has carried
out his project entitled "Alarm & Detection System ", under the guidance of Jr.
Instructor Shri. D.N. Kadam, Maharashtra Fire & Emergency Service Academy
Mumbai is partial fulfilment of curriculum for the award of Sub Officer & Fire
Prevention Officer Course Batch no. 10 (2024-2025) in Maharashtra Fire &
Emergency Service Academy, Mumbai.

Guided & Checked By:

Shri. D.N. Kadam. Shri. K.R. Hatyal. Shri. S.S. Warick

Jr. Instructor. Asst. Director. Director
Maharashtra Fire & Maharashtra Fire & Maharashtra Fire &
Emergency Academy, Emergency Academy, Emergency Academy,
Mumbai. Mumbai. Mumbai.
 Acknowledgement

I take the opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude & whole hearted
thanks to our guide Jr. Instructor Shri. D.N. Kadam , Maharashtra Fire &
Emergency Service Academy, for his valuable guidance, generous advice, critical
observation have all made my work & exercise to achieve something worthwhile &
satisfactory from technical point of view.
I express my thanks to Shri. S.S. Warick, Director and Shri. K.R. Hatyal
Asst. Director Maharashtra Fire & Emergency Services Academy, for
thecontinuous encouragement & help in successful completion of work.
I also express my thanks to leading firemen V.U.Dhavle sir & all those who
have directly or indirectly helped me on completing my project work.
Name – Shivaji shrimant waghmode

Roll no - 30
 INDEX

SR.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

1 Introduction of Fire Alarm and detection system 4

2 Types Of Detection System 5

2.1 Smoke detector

2.2 Beam detector 6

2.2-1 VESDA 7

2.3 Heat detector 8

2.4 Flame detector 9

2.5 Gas detector

3 Choice of detector 10
4 Types of fire Alarm System Panel

4.1 Conventional panel 11

4.2 Addressable panel 12

4.3 Analog addressable panel 12

4.4 Intelligent panel

5 Reference 13
 FIRE ALARM & DETECTION SYSTEM

Purpose of Fire Alarm & Detection: -

Aware about the [ fire] Danger.
Fire Alarm system connected with following Type of devices
1)Automatic: - Detection System
2] Manual :-MCP (Manual cell point)

Fire Alarm & Detection Function.

1)Detect the fire at earliest practicable stage of fire.

2] Give an alarm to initiate appropriate action

E.g. evacuation of occupants.

3] give information to fire Dept.

4] Triggering the extinguisher/ extinguishing Processes, closing Dampers,

opening of the ventilation etc

Type of Detection System: -

1)smoke detector
2)Heat detector.
3] flame or radiation detector
4] Gas detector
I) Smoke Detector:

1) Ionization Detector
2) Optical (photoelectric) Detector
a) obscuration
b) Scatter

1) Ionization Detector: -

a. Response to invisible product of Combustion

b. The event of fire smoke enters in the Chamber & interfere with the flow
of electricity causing Reduction in the current Flow & then Alarm is
trigger
c. It's Consist Americium 241 Radioactive material
d. Fast Flamming Fire Detect Fastly
e. This Detector is low cost. & Respond to Small Smoke Partial
f. This detector is not use mostly because. of Radioactive material

2) optical (Photoelectric) Detector

I) photoelectric detector is also known as optical detector.

II) It's Response to visible product of Combustion,

optical detector is divided into 2 parts on its working principle: -

a) obscuration Type- (less light fall on photoelectric cell

b) Scatter type (lighter fall on Photoelectric cell).
The detector which is working. of optical (Photoelectric) Detector
2) Beam. Detector.

a) End to End Dector

b) Reflective Beam & House mounted detector
c) VESDA - very early Suppression Detection System.
d) Video Base Detectors:

Beam Detector:

a. Smoke in the beam cause a Reduction in the light at Receiver unit

b. Beam Detector activated by visible Smoke Flame as well as it is effective for

Detection of invisible Flame

c. where we Beam Detector Install?

1) up to 10 M smoke detector will also. work effectively, but above 10 M like the
Hight Ex- Malls, atrium building warehouse. Smoke detector is hot effective at
that time we use Beam detector

2) Range: - Horizontal Range: - 90M + 100M (Depend up on Company to company)

Vertical Range: - up to 20m

3)Beam Detector place in -factories

-Airport
- Auditorium.
-were house
3) VESDA-very early suppression Detection Alarm System
This is also called Air Sampling Defector
VESDA is an Air Sampling detector that Drows-In-Air, from the protected Area
through a network of pipe, then Air is Analyzed for thin Partials of smoke using
leaser or source & i Light so some particles are present the system. trigger an
alarm
VESDA is like a Smoke Sniffer" that Continuously monitor Air for sign of fire &
providing early warning & quick Response.
a) high sensitivity
b) earlier Detection
c) Less falls alarm
d) Ding Not suitable for Dust environment
e) VESDA is very expansive System & its use to protect high-cost property

HEAT DETECTOR: -

1)Fix temp Detector.

2)Rate of Rise Detector. Detector (R-O-R)

1)Fix temp Detector: -

a) Alloy Based Detector Range's between 49 to 144 °C (Normally we install 57°c
Temp).
b) Trigger an alarm when the temp Reaches a set point . -57’(temp).

R-O-R Rate of Rise Detector →

1)Detector use when. Temp Variation is available 7 to 8°C it's activated & trigger the
Alarm when the temp go down rapidly
Flame Radiation Detector

1)working Principle-Detect the flame of Fire & trigger the Alarm System.
Device that detect Radiation emitted by fire is Infra-Rad, Altra violet & visible
light.

Working →Detector have special lens that focuses the Radiation. into a sensor
sensor convert Radiation energy in to electrical signal. If signal is strong enough
then Detector triggers the alarm

Use:
A. Industrial setting: - (oil Rigs, factories)
B. High-Hazard area :-(Kitchen, laboratories)
C. Outdoor application :-( wild fire)
 Gas Detector: - (Explosive mixture
Detector)

A gas detector is a device that Detects. the presence of gases in the Air & Sound
the Alarm if they are present Activates alarm.

Type of gas Detector: -

A. fixed gas Detector installed in the specific Location to monitor Air
Continuously
-
B. portable Detector: Hand held devices Used to check the Air in Different
area,
C. Asphyxiating gas detector (oxygen detector).
a. detect the O2 in the air Prevent asphyxiation (Suffocation)
D. Non-Asphyxiating gas detector.
Detect toxic gas the can harm human. (CO/HS2).
prevent poisoning
Ex- Carbon monoxide Defector.

Choice of Detector: -
when planning Detection System (Fire) the Detector Choice of factors. Depending
on Following factors
A) Quantity & Burning behavior of Combustible material
B) Structural characteristic of area to be protected. Ex High/area
C)environmental Condition (open closed Area)
D)processed carried out.
E) Value of protected Property
F) Ventilation.
G) need to minimum false alarm
H) Cost Factor
I)Suitability for the environment
J) Maintained Requirement
 Type of Fire Detection & Alarm System.

1) Conventional panel.
2) Addressable panel
3) Analog addressable panel.
4) Intelligent panel.

1)Conventional Panel: -
a) I working in normal condition Chon-Fire) hormal Current Flow. but in Fire
Condition the Current Flow 1000 x time more & gives Alarm (Audio visual Alarm)
b) divided into Zone.
c) If one sensor in zone Goss off then whole zone is triggered
d) Can't tell which sensor cause alarm. In good for Small Place Small office home.

2)ADDRESSABLE PANEL: -
a) Each sensor has thit their own unique name called Address
b) If one sensor goes off panel know exactly which is off
c) Can handle more Sensor's & better for large place like office / factories.
d) Will gives false alarms & show Address of activated Device.

3)Analogue Addressable System/Pannal.

a) upgradation of Conventional & addressable Panel. it Show activated sensor
as well as, give less. false Alarm.
b) it has mother bord & signal from all Detector Come to this panel & analyze
all detector’s signal & give alarm.
c) Draw back - No of detector are more than Delay in signal.

4) INTELLIGENT System.

a) Intelligent System has no Drawback, like a. Conventional, Addressable,

analogues addressable System.
b) in this every detector able their own chip microprocessor
c) every detector is able to analyze by itself the smoke levels it's measures it’s
had Signal
Reference

➢ Is specification / NFPA

1) Is 2189:1999-Selection.
i. -Installation
ii. -maintenance of Automatic fire detection. & Alarm
System

2) Is 2175: 1988: - Specification for heat Sensitive Fire Detector for

use in automatic fire alarm System.

3) Is 11360-1985 Specification for Smoke Detector for use in

automatic Fire Alarm system.

4) NFPA 72: - Detection System.

5) Google